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<li id="toc-1930–1945:_Outlining_the_national_liberation,_moving_towards_socialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930–1945:_Outlining_the_national_liberation,_moving_towards_socialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1930–1945: Outlining the national liberation, moving towards socialism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930–1945:_Outlining_the_national_liberation,_moving_towards_socialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945–1954:_Preparing_toward_socialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–1954:_Preparing_toward_socialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1945–1954: Preparing toward socialism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945–1954:_Preparing_toward_socialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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id="toc-1975–1985:_The_whole_country_began_building_socialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1986–present:_Innovation_in_awareness_of_socialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1986–present:_Innovation_in_awareness_of_socialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1986–present: Innovation in awareness of socialism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1986–present:_Innovation_in_awareness_of_socialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_and_political_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_political_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Social and political theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_political_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #d33; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:0px solid;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Freed market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" title="Input–output model">Input–output model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labour-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balance planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer‑to‑peer economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Spontaneism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">To each according to his contribution</a>/<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">needs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Relationship_with_socialism" title="Planned economy">Socialist planned economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lange_model" title="Lange model">Lange model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_road_to_socialism" title="Democratic road to socialism">Democratic road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_socialism" title="Municipal socialism">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon#Ideas" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_socialism" title="Sewer socialism">Sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_socialism" title="Yellow socialism">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Korsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Montseny" title="Federica Montseny">Montseny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohei_Saito" title="Kohei Saito">Saito</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchi">Gracchi Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Martov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Spiridonova" title="Maria Spiridonova">Spiridonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Erlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_van_der_Lubbe" title="Marinus van der Lubbe">van der Lubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky" title="Bruno Kreisky">Kreisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Dubček</a></li> 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Socialism in Vietnam</b>, in particular <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a>, is the ideological foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party of Vietnam</a> (CPV) for the development of the country ever since its establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> is one of three major political ideologies formed in the 19th century alongside <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatism</a>. There are many varieties of socialism and no single definition encapsulating all of them. The most common element shared by various forms of socialism is the movement for public ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> affirmed the objective necessity of the transition to socialism and pointed out its particular historical position and function in the process of mobilization and development of Communism socioeconomic forms. Historically, in many countries there have been existing state socialist systems known as communist states such as the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a> was a Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a> revolutionary leader who was <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Chairman and First Secretary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' Party of Vietnam">Workers' Party of Vietnam</a>. He was also <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Vietnam" title="List of prime ministers of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> (1945–1955) and President (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (<a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>). He was a key figure in its foundation in 1945 at the <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Square" title="Ba Đình Square">Ba Đình Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">People's Army of Vietnam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a>, "Socialism is about making people rich and powerful... Socialism is to bring the people with freedom, prosperity, happiness, and chances of education, medical care, and good accommodation. Under socialism, children will be nurtured, and the elderly will be cared for."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ho Chi Minh also indicated that socialism is not a complete model but a constant formula, so building socialism must be practical, consistent with objective conditions, must uphold the Law and must know how to apply rules in a creative way, avoiding literal dogma, and stereotypes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"When the Soviet Union and its constellation of socialist countries existed, striving for socialism in Vietnam seemed logical and implicitly validated", said <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyen Phu Trong</a> in a presentation while visiting Cuba in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ho Chi Minh, the model of socialism and the path to socialism in Vietnam cannot be outlined, described in detail immediately at the beginning of the transition period and cannot be done only once. Along with the movement and transformation of the present world, the practical process of building socialism has been the foundation to complement the Communist Party of Vietnam's perception of socialism, its model and the way to implement that model. Since determining the goal of advancing toward socialism (in 1930), through nearly a century, the Communist Party of Vietnam's awareness of socialism has been more and more improved. Through each stage, observing the reality of the country, accumulating experiences domestically and internationally, the Party has constantly studied, explored and selected appropriated theory and practice to develop the awareness of socialism more deeply and intrinsically.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930–1945:_Outlining_the_national_liberation,_moving_towards_socialism"><span id="1930.E2.80.931945:_Outlining_the_national_liberation.2C_moving_towards_socialism"></span>1930–1945: Outlining the national liberation, moving towards socialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1930–1945: Outlining the national liberation, moving towards socialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the point of view of the classics of Marxism-Leninism, there were two transitional paths to socialism. The first was a direct transition to socialism from high-level capitalist countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marx argued that communism was an evolutionary step of human society based on the socioeconomic conditions created by capitalism rather than the result of imposing an economic - politics model to society. He said: "Communism is for us not a state of affairs which is to be established, an ideal to which reality [will] have to adjust itself. We call communism the real movement which abolishes the present state of things. The conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second path was the indirect transition to socialism in low-growth capitalist countries or pre-capitalist countries with the help of other socialist countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the view of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam.svg/243px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="243" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam.svg/365px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam.svg/486px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam</figcaption></figure> <p>On the basis of using the theory of continuous revolution, about the transition period to socialism of Marxism-Leninism and stemming from the characteristics of the actual situation of Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh proposed the strategic goal of the Vietnamese Revolution when founding the Communist Party of Vietnam (Feb-1930) which was to achieve national independence and advance to socialism. The first Platform of the Party stated: The Vietnam revolution must go through two stages, namely, the liberation of the nation, completing the national revolution of the people's democracy and then progress towards socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two revolutionary periods had dialectical relations with each other: Wanting to build socialism must first win national independence and proceeding to socialism would maintain national independence and build a prosperous, free and happy life for the people.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the dissertation in October 1930, it was determined that the revolution of Vietnam could skip the period of developing capitalism, fighting directly on the socialist path. According to Ho Chi Minh, when entering the transition period to socialism, Vietnam had the biggest characteristic was that it was transiting to socialism from a backward agricultural country without having to go through the period of capitalist development. This characteristic would dominate others, expressed in all areas of social life and causes many conflicts. In particular, Ho Chi Minh paid special attention to the fundamental contradiction of the transition period, which was a conflict between the high development demand of the country in the progress and the fact that the socioeconomic situation in Vietnam was too low.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That's why the transition to Socialism was a complex, arduous and long-lasting revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And the victory of the August 1945 revolution under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh was the first historical victory of the Ho Chi Minh's thought about the revolutionary path of national liberation under the proletariat revolution. This victory opened up a new era of the Vietnamese nation - an era of independent freedom, people's democracy, moving toward socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–1954:_Preparing_toward_socialism"><span id="1945.E2.80.931954:_Preparing_toward_socialism"></span>1945–1954: Preparing toward socialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1945–1954: Preparing toward socialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the Second Communist Party's National Congress (in 1951), through Truong Chinh's political report, he stated: "Vietnamese Revolution [...] must progress further to realize land reform and wipe out all vestiges of feudalism. In brief, the Vietnamese Revolution must fulfill both the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal tasks to realize independence, freedom and happiness for the people [...] to pave the way to the socialist revolution in the future".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "It is a long-term struggle, in general goes through three stages: the first stage, the main task is the completion of national liberation; the second stage, the main task is to eliminate the remnants of the feudal and semi-feudal regimes, to thoroughly implement and improve the people's democratic regime; the third stage, the main task is to build the foundation for socialism, proceed to implement socialism ... These three stages are not separate, but intimately interconnected. And each stage has a central task that requires a concentration of large resource to implement".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1954–1975:_Building_socialism_in_the_North_and_revolutionary_struggle_in_the_South"><span id="1954.E2.80.931975:_Building_socialism_in_the_North_and_revolutionary_struggle_in_the_South"></span>1954–1975: Building socialism in the North and revolutionary struggle in the South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1954–1975: Building socialism in the North and revolutionary struggle in the South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, after the liberation of the North, the Communist Party began the process of exploring and proposing views on the path to socialism and building socialism. </p><p>By the Third National Congress (September 1960), the Party set out the way to socialist revolution in the North by simultaneously carrying out 3 revolutions: the revolution of production relationship, the revolution of science - technology and the revolution of ideology and culture. In which, the science - technology revolution was key and socialist industrialization was considered as a central task during the transition period, with the motto of moving fast, moving strong and moving steadily toward socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, due to the effects of wars and more awareness of the characteristics of the country, the Party adjusted their perception, setting out the initial step of the transition period with the main content of accumulating capital for industrialization and improvement of people's lives, shifting small production to large socialist production.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1975–1985:_The_whole_country_began_building_socialism"><span id="1975.E2.80.931985:_The_whole_country_began_building_socialism"></span>1975–1985: The whole country began building socialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1975–1985: The whole country began building socialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> ended successfully for North Vietnam in <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">April 1975</a>. A new era of the Vietnamese revolution had been opened: the era of national independence, unification and socialism. </p><p>On the 29th of September, 1975, at the 24th conference of the Central Executive Committee, Term III, the Party met to set out the task of completing the unification of the country, bringing the whole country quickly, strongly, firmly moving toward socialism. The resolution of the conference also raised the tasks of promoting the socialist revolution in the North and the immediate tasks to quickly stabilize the situation in the South, to soon join the North in the socialist revolutionary orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fourth National Congress of the Party (December 1976) set out the national socialist revolution of the country, which decided to remove the content of the initial step with the expectation to complete the transition period within a five-year plan. In the Fourth Congress, the Vietnam Revolutionary Dissertation was approved, which was the new political platform of the Party. From analyzing the nature of Vietnamese society in the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">Indochinese War</a>, the Communist Party pointed out that the resistance war was a national democratic revolution, that the task of anti-imperialist, liberating the nation was the focus, while simultaneously conducting the task of anti-feudalism, winning democratic rights. There must be a plan to carry out step by step those tasks and the national democratic revolution conducted by the people under the leadership of the Party would evolve into a socialist revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the <a href="/wiki/5th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="5th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Fifth National Congress</a> of the Party (March 1982), it was determined to fix the shortcomings of some subjective, impatient wills, as well as determined the duties of The Party which was to successfully build socialism, ready to fight and firmly defend the Socialist Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1986–present:_Innovation_in_awareness_of_socialism"><span id="1986.E2.80.93present:_Innovation_in_awareness_of_socialism"></span>1986–present: Innovation in awareness of socialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1986–present: Innovation in awareness of socialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The whole Party, from the central to local levels of committees, was step by step finding the way to innovate awareness of socialism. It was the period of incorporating innovative perspective, theoretical thinking about socialism, the transitional periods and practical experiences to reach the reform path which was specified at the <a href="/wiki/6th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Sixth National Congress</a> of the Party (December 1986). The Congress pointed out the limitations, shortcomings, causes of limitations and weaknesses in the awareness of socialist society. Therefore, the Sixth Congress of the Party was an important development step in the awareness of socialism and transition to socialism in Vietnam. The organizational structure of the political system was gradually arranged in a more streamlined, efficient manner.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/7th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="7th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Seventh National Congress</a> (1991), along with the Political Report of the Congress, the 1991 Platform of National's Construction During the Transition Period to Socialism, the Strategy of stabilizing and developing socioeconomic until 2000, the fourth Platform of the Communist Party of Vietnam was proposed. The platform determined that the transition to socialism in Vietnam was a long process, through many stages of both construction and national defense, thus the Party must master 7 fundamental orientations. Which was: (i) Building the socialist Vietnam State of the people, by the people, for the people led by the Communist Party; (ii) implementing the industrialization of the country in the direction of modernization; (iii) setting up step by step the socialist production relations in line with the development of production forces, the development of a multi-sector commodity-oriented economy, operating under the supervised market mechanism; (iv) conducting socialist revolution in the field of ideology and culture according to Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thoughts; (v) practice the policy of national unity, foreign policy of peace, cooperation and friendship; (vi) combining two strategic tasks of building socialism and protecting the Nation of Vietnam; and (vii) building a transparent and strong Party in politics, ideology and organization on a mission to build the country into a prosperous socialist country.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eighth National Congress (1996) of the Party announced, "Our country has been out of the socioeconomic crisis, although there are still some unstable aspects ..."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Congress also further developed the Platform of National Construction During the Transition Period to Socialism and affirmed: "The road to socialism in our country is increasingly defined more clearly through the transitional stages in our country... The task set out for the first stage of the transition period which is preparing the premise for industrialization has been basically completed to allow a transition to a new era of industrialization and modernization of the country."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> By the <a href="/wiki/9th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Ninth National Congress</a> (2001), the Party affirmed: "Socialism in the world, from lessons of success and failure as well as from aspirations and awakenings of the peoples, have the conditions and ability to create new developments. According to the evolutionary law of history, humankind will definitely advance to socialism."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an important development reflecting a more fully and clearly perception of the Party on the path to socialism in Vietnam: National independence associated with socialism, rich people, strong country, fair, civilized and democratic society. It also identified that building socialism while ignoring capitalism regime created a change in the quality of society in all fields which was a difficult and complicated calling. It would have to go through a long transition period with many stages and forms of transitional economic and social organizations. Regarding the general model, the Congress made a clear statement about the difference between capitalist market economy and socialist market economy on basic points such as purpose, economic sectors, management and distribution mode. In particular, the Congress affirmed that the State's economy and management played an important role in the orientation of socioeconomic development toward socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_celebrating_Socialism_in_Hanoi_in_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plaque_celebrating_Socialism_in_Hanoi_in_2014.jpg/250px-Plaque_celebrating_Socialism_in_Hanoi_in_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plaque_celebrating_Socialism_in_Hanoi_in_2014.jpg/375px-Plaque_celebrating_Socialism_in_Hanoi_in_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plaque_celebrating_Socialism_in_Hanoi_in_2014.jpg/500px-Plaque_celebrating_Socialism_in_Hanoi_in_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Plaque celebrating Socialism in Hanoi in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/10th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Tenth National Congress</a> (2006), the awareness of the nature and characteristics of socialism had some new points compared to that of the 1991 Platform. The purpose of socialism was defined more specifically. The characteristics of socialism, although there were changes in the wording, but essentially still retained the basic as well as adding in some new characteristics. When compared to the 1991 Platform, this awareness was more complete and comprehensive.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tenth Congress affirmed: "Awareness of socialism and a path to socialism in our country is becoming more and more clear."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/11th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Eleventh National Congress</a> (2011) was summarizing 20 years of implementing the 1991 Platform, through the Platform of National Construction During the Transition to Socialism (supplemented and developed in 2011). The Politburo of the Term 11 advocated a review of 30 years of innovation to further clarify the theoretical and practical issues of the renovation process. The consistent awareness of the Party, the State and the people of Vietnam signified that the renovation process had increasingly shed light on issues of socialism and the transition to socialism in Vietnam. After more than a quarter of a century of renovation, the Communist Party of Vietnam has constantly added, developed the way, set out the Platform of National Construction During the Transition to Socialism at the Seventh Congress (June 1991) and supplemented and developed at the Eleventh Congress (July 2011).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the right direction of innovation and credibility, together with the active, abundant and creative activities of the whole Party and the people, the renovation has achieved great achievements of historical significance. The <a href="/wiki/12th_National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Twelfth National Congress</a> of the Party (2016), stated: "Those achievements create an important premise and foundation for our country to continue to innovate and thrive strongly in the coming years; affirming that the Party's renovation policy is right and creative: the road to Vietnam's socialism is in line with Vietnam's revolutionary practices and the development trend of history."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_and_political_theory">Social and political theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Social and political theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After 20 years of implementing the Platform of National Construction During the Transition to Socialism in 1991, Vietnam has been out of underdevelopment, becoming a middle-income developing country. The six characteristics of the socialist society depicted in the 1991 Platform have been supplemented and developed by the 2011 Platform into eight basic characteristics of the socialist social model that the Vietnamese people continue to build in the 21st century. Those eight characteristics are: </p><p>(i) Rich people, strong country, fair, democratic and civilized society; </p><p>(ii) Owned by the people; </p><p>(iii) There is a high level of economic development, based on modern production forces and production relations in line with the development level of production forces; </p><p>(iv) There is an advanced culture and strong national identity; </p><p>(v) People are liberated from oppression, injustice, have a wealthy life, freedom, happiness, comprehensive development; </p><p>(vi) Ethnic groups in the Vietnamese community are equal, united, and support each other to progress; </p><p>(vii) There is socialism state of legitimate which belong to the people, created by the people, for the people under the leadership of the Communist Party; </p><p>(viii) Having friendly and cooperative relations with people of all countries in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/Nghiencuu-Traodoi/2017/48643/Mo-hinh-va-con-duong-xay-dung-chu-nghia-xa-hoi-o.aspx">"Mô hình và con đường xây dựng chủ nghĩa xã hội ở Việt Nam"</a>. <i>Communist Magazine</i> (in Vietnamese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Communist+Magazine&rft.atitle=M%C3%B4+h%C3%ACnh+v%C3%A0+con+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng+x%C3%A2y+d%E1%BB%B1ng+ch%E1%BB%A7+ngh%C4%A9a+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i+%E1%BB%9F+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Thi+Ha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapchicongsan.org.vn%2FHome%2FNghiencuu-Traodoi%2F2017%2F48643%2FMo-hinh-va-con-duong-xay-dung-chu-nghia-xa-hoi-o.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusky2000" class="citation book cs1">Busky, Donald F (2000). <i>Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey</i>. Praeger. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96886-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96886-1"><bdi>978-0-275-96886-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Socialism%3A+A+Global+Survey&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96886-1&rft.aulast=Busky&rft.aufirst=Donald+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadieBerg-SchlosserMorlino2011" class="citation book cs1">Badie, Bertrand; Berg-Schlosser, Dirk; Morlino, Leonardo (2011). <i>International Encyclopedia of Political Science</i>. SAGE Publications. p. 2456. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5963-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5963-6"><bdi>978-1-4129-5963-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Political+Science&rft.pages=2456&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-5963-6&rft.aulast=Badie&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rft.au=Berg-Schlosser%2C+Dirk&rft.au=Morlino%2C+Leonardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyen2018" class="citation news cs1">Nguyen, Trong Phuc (May 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tapchiqptd.vn/en/events-and-comments/ho-chi-minh-thought-illuminates-vietnams-revolutionary-road-forever/11719.html">"Ho Chi Minh thought illuminates Vietnam's revolutionary road forever"</a>. <i>National Defence Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Defence+Journal&rft.atitle=Ho+Chi+Minh+thought+illuminates+Vietnam%27s+revolutionary+road+forever&rft.date=2018-05-17&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Trong+Phuc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftapchiqptd.vn%2Fen%2Fevents-and-comments%2Fho-chi-minh-thought-illuminates-vietnams-revolutionary-road-forever%2F11719.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLê" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lê, Hòa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/17630582">"Chủ nghĩa xã hội qua các giai đoạn"</a> (in Vietnamese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ch%E1%BB%A7+ngh%C4%A9a+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i+qua+c%C3%A1c+giai+%C4%91o%E1%BA%A1n&rft.aulast=L%C3%AA&rft.aufirst=H%C3%B2a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F17630582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyen2012" class="citation web cs1">Nguyen, Phu Trong (30 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ouleft.org/wp-content/uploads/Vietnam-socialist-path.pdf">"Socialism and the Path to Socialism-Vietnam's Perspective"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Socialism+and+the+Path+to+Socialism-Vietnam%27s+Perspective&rft.date=2012-12-30&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Phu+Trong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fouleft.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FVietnam-socialist-path.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g5GzAQAACAAJ&q=Gi%C3%A1o+tr%C3%ACnh+t%C6%B0+t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng+H%E1%BB%93+Ch%C3%AD+Minh.+Nh%C3%A0+xu%E1%BA%A5t+b%E1%BA%A3n+ch%C3%ADnh+tr%E1%BB%8B+qu%E1%BB%91c+gia"><i>Giáo trình tư tưởng Hồ Chí Minh: dùng cho hệ cao cấp lý luận</i></a> (in Vietnamese). National Politics Publishing House. 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gi%C3%A1o+tr%C3%ACnh+t%C6%B0+t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng+H%E1%BB%93+Ch%C3%AD+Minh%3A+d%C3%B9ng+cho+h%E1%BB%87+cao+c%E1%BA%A5p+l%C3%BD+lu%E1%BA%ADn&rft.pub=National+Politics+Publishing+House&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg5GzAQAACAAJ%26q%3DGi%25C3%25A1o%2Btr%25C3%25ACnh%2Bt%25C6%25B0%2Bt%25C6%25B0%25E1%25BB%259Fng%2BH%25E1%25BB%2593%2BCh%25C3%25AD%2BMinh.%2BNh%25C3%25A0%2Bxu%25E1%25BA%25A5t%2Bb%25E1%25BA%25A3n%2Bch%25C3%25ADnh%2Btr%25E1%25BB%258B%2Bqu%25E1%25BB%2591c%2Bgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarlFriedrich2011" class="citation book cs1">Karl, Marx; Friedrich, Engels (2011). <i>The German Ideolody</i>. Martino Fine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781614270485" title="Special:BookSources/9781614270485"><bdi>9781614270485</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Ideolody&rft.pub=Martino+Fine+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781614270485&rft.aulast=Karl&rft.aufirst=Marx&rft.au=Friedrich%2C+Engels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Hồ Chí Minh: Toàn tập, Tập 9</i> (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House. 2000. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H%E1%BB%93+Ch%C3%AD+Minh%3A+To%C3%A0n+t%E1%BA%ADp%2C+T%E1%BA%ADp+9&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=National+Politics+Publishing+House&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruong1958" class="citation book cs1">Truong, Chinh (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/archive/chinh.htm"><i>The August Revolution</i></a>. Hanoi: Foreign Language Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+August+Revolution&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pub=Foreign+Language+Publishing+House&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Truong&rft.aufirst=Chinh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.revolutionarydemocracy.org%2Farchive%2Fchinh.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐảng_Cộng_sản_Việt_Nam2009" class="citation book cs1">Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn/Uploads/2018/6/3/13/Cuonglinh.pdf"><i>Cương lĩnh và Chiến lược của Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam từ năm 1930 đến nay</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+l%C4%A9nh+v%C3%A0+Chi%E1%BA%BFn+l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c+c%E1%BB%A7a+%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+t%E1%BB%AB+n%C4%83m+1930+%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn+nay&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=National+Politics+Publishing+House&rft.date=2009&rft.au=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn%2FUploads%2F2018%2F6%2F3%2F13%2FCuonglinh.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhuong2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Phuong, Anh (5 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baotanglichsu.vn/vi/Articles/3097/19490/djai-hoi-djai-bieu-toan-quoc-lan-thu-iii-djang-lao-djong-viet-nam-9-1960.html">"Đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ III Đảng Lao động Việt Nam, 9/1960"</a>. <i>Vietnam National Museum of History</i> (in Vietnamese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vietnam+National+Museum+of+History&rft.atitle=%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+III+%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+Lao+%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam%2C+9%2F1960&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Phuong&rft.aufirst=Anh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaotanglichsu.vn%2Fvi%2FArticles%2F3097%2F19490%2Fdjai-hoi-djai-bieu-toan-quoc-lan-thu-iii-djang-lao-djong-viet-nam-9-1960.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1977" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Ralph (May 1977). "Vietnam's Fourth Party Congress". <i>The World Today</i>. <b>33</b> (5). Royal Institute of International Affairs: 195–202. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40394987">40394987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Today&rft.atitle=Vietnam%27s+Fourth+Party+Congress&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=195-202&rft.date=1977-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40394987%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Fifth Vietnamese Party Congress". <i>Contemporary Southeast Asia</i>. <b>4</b> (2). ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute: 246–265. September 1982. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25797713">25797713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Southeast+Asia&rft.atitle=Fifth+Vietnamese+Party+Congress&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=246-265&rft.date=1982-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25797713%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThayer1987" class="citation journal cs1">Thayer, Carlyle A. (June 1987). "Vietnam's Sixth Party Congress: An Overview". <i>Contemporary Southeast Asia</i>. <b>9</b> (1). ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute: 12–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1355%2FCS9-1B">10.1355/CS9-1B</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25797929">25797929</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Southeast+Asia&rft.atitle=Vietnam%27s+Sixth+Party+Congress%3A+An+Overview&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=12-22&rft.date=1987-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1355%2FCS9-1B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25797929%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=Carlyle+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐảng_Cộng_sản_Việt_Nam._Đại_hội_Đại_biẻ̂u_toàn_quó̂c_là̂n_thứ_71991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam. Đại hội Đại biẻ̂u toàn quó̂c là̂n thứ 7 (1991). <i>Cương lĩnh xây dựng đá̂t nước trong thời kỳ quá độ lên chủ nghĩa xã hội</i> (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: Su That Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/221889310">221889310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+l%C4%A9nh+x%C3%A2y+d%E1%BB%B1ng+%C4%91%C3%A1%CC%82t+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+trong+th%E1%BB%9Di+k%E1%BB%B3+qu%C3%A1+%C4%91%E1%BB%99+l%C3%AAn+ch%E1%BB%A7+ngh%C4%A9a+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i.&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pub=Su+That+Publishing+House&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F221889310&rft.au=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam.+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BA%BB%CC%82u+to%C3%A0n+qu%C3%B3%CC%82c+l%C3%A0%CC%82n+th%E1%BB%A9+7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Le, Xuan Tung (22 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/kinh-te/2007/2088/Nhung-dot-pha-tu-duy-ly-luan-ve-kinh-te-thi-truong.aspx">"Những đột phá tư duy lý luận về kinh tế thị trường ở nước ta"</a>. <i>Communist Magazine</i> (in Vietnamese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Communist+Magazine&rft.atitle=Nh%E1%BB%AFng+%C4%91%E1%BB%99t+ph%C3%A1+t%C6%B0+duy+l%C3%BD+lu%E1%BA%ADn+v%E1%BB%81+kinh+t%E1%BA%BF+th%E1%BB%8B+tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng+%E1%BB%9F+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+ta&rft.date=2007-01-22&rft.aulast=Le&rft.aufirst=Xuan+Tung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapchicongsan.org.vn%2FHome%2Fkinh-te%2F2007%2F2088%2FNhung-dot-pha-tu-duy-ly-luan-ve-kinh-te-thi-truong.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruongDinhLe2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Truong, Huu Quynh; Dinh, Xuan Lam; Le, Mau Han (2003). "Chương X – Đất nước trên con đường đổi mới (1986-2000)". <i>Đại Cương Lịch sử Việt Nam</i> (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: Viet Nam Education Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+X+%E2%80%93+%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+tr%C3%AAn+con+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng+%C4%91%E1%BB%95i+m%E1%BB%9Bi+%281986-2000%29&rft.btitle=%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+C%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+L%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pub=Viet+Nam+Education+Publishing+House&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Truong&rft.aufirst=Huu+Quynh&rft.au=Dinh%2C+Xuan+Lam&rft.au=Le%2C+Mau+Han&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruong2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Truong, Ngoc Kim (29 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tuyengiaotiengiang.vn/news/Ly-luan-va-thuc-tien/Doc-lap-dan-toc-phai-gan-lien-voi-chu-nghia-xa-hoi-o-Viet-Nam-141/">"Độc lập dân tộc phải gắn liền với chủ nghĩa xã hội ở Việt Nam"</a>. <i>Tien Giang Provincial Committee for Propaganda</i> (in Vietnamese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tien+Giang+Provincial+Committee+for+Propaganda&rft.atitle=%C4%90%E1%BB%99c+l%E1%BA%ADp+d%C3%A2n+t%E1%BB%99c+ph%E1%BA%A3i+g%E1%BA%AFn+li%E1%BB%81n+v%E1%BB%9Bi+ch%E1%BB%A7+ngh%C4%A9a+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i+%E1%BB%9F+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft.date=2013-08-29&rft.aulast=Truong&rft.aufirst=Ngoc+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftuyengiaotiengiang.vn%2Fnews%2FLy-luan-va-thuc-tien%2FDoc-lap-dan-toc-phai-gan-lien-voi-chu-nghia-xa-hoi-o-Viet-Nam-141%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThayer2002" class="citation journal cs1">Thayer, Carlyle A. (February 2002). "Vietnam in 2001: The Ninth Party Congress and After". <i>Asian Survey</i>. <b>42</b> (1). University of California Press: 81–89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fas.2002.42.1.81">10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81">10.1525/as.2002.42.1.81</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=Vietnam+in+2001%3A+The+Ninth+Party+Congress+and+After&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-89&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fas.2002.42.1.81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fas.2002.42.1.81%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=Carlyle+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐảng_cộng_sản_Việt_Nam2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Đảng cộng sản Việt Nam (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oZFuAAAAMAAJ&q=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam:+V%C4%83n+ki%E1%BB%87n+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+IX"><i>Văn kiện Đại hội Đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ IX</i></a> (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: National Politic Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C4%83n+ki%E1%BB%87n+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+IX&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pub=National+Politic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2001&rft.au=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+c%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoZFuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A3ng%2BC%25E1%25BB%2599ng%2Bs%25E1%25BA%25A3n%2BVi%25E1%25BB%2587t%2BNam%3A%2BV%25C4%2583n%2Bki%25E1%25BB%2587n%2B%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A1i%2Bh%25E1%25BB%2599i%2B%25C4%2591%25E1%25BA%25A1i%2Bbi%25E1%25BB%2583u%2Bto%25C3%25A0n%2Bqu%25E1%25BB%2591c%2Bl%25E1%25BA%25A7n%2Bth%25E1%25BB%25A9%2BIX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThayer2007" class="citation journal cs1">Thayer, Carlyle A. (2007). "VIETNAM: The Tenth Party Congress and After". <i>Southeast Asian Affairs</i>. <b>2007</b>. ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute: 381–397. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1355%2FSEAA07S">10.1355/SEAA07S</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27913342">27913342</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154909701">154909701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=VIETNAM%3A+The+Tenth+Party+Congress+and+After&rft.volume=2007&rft.pages=381-397&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154909701%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27913342%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1355%2FSEAA07S&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=Carlyle+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐảng_Cộng_sản_Việt_Nam2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E0NRAQAAMAAJ&q=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam:+V%C4%83n+ki%E1%BB%87n+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+X"><i>Văn kiện đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ X</i></a> (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: National Politic Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C4%83n+ki%E1%BB%87n+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+X&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pub=National+Politic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2006&rft.au=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE0NRAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A3ng%2BC%25E1%25BB%2599ng%2Bs%25E1%25BA%25A3n%2BVi%25E1%25BB%2587t%2BNam%3A%2BV%25C4%2583n%2Bki%25E1%25BB%2587n%2B%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A1i%2Bh%25E1%25BB%2599i%2B%25C4%2591%25E1%25BA%25A1i%2Bbi%25E1%25BB%2583u%2Bto%25C3%25A0n%2Bqu%25E1%25BB%2591c%2Bl%25E1%25BA%25A7n%2Bth%25E1%25BB%25A9%2BX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐảng_Cộng_sản_Việt_Nam2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj9RAQAAMAAJ&q=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam:+V%C4%83n+ki%E1%BB%87n+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+XI"><i>Văn kiện đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ XI</i></a> (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: National Politic Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C4%83n+ki%E1%BB%87n+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+XI&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pub=National+Politic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2011&rft.au=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJj9RAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A3ng%2BC%25E1%25BB%2599ng%2Bs%25E1%25BA%25A3n%2BVi%25E1%25BB%2587t%2BNam%3A%2BV%25C4%2583n%2Bki%25E1%25BB%2587n%2B%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A1i%2Bh%25E1%25BB%2599i%2B%25C4%2591%25E1%25BA%25A1i%2Bbi%25E1%25BB%2583u%2Bto%25C3%25A0n%2Bqu%25E1%25BB%2591c%2Bl%25E1%25BA%25A7n%2Bth%25E1%25BB%25A9%2BXI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐảng_cộng_sản_Việt_Nam2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Đảng cộng sản Việt Nam (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YOGVAQAACAAJ&q=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+C%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam:+V%C4%83n+ki%E1%BB%87n+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+XII"><i>Văn kiện đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ XII</i></a> (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: National Politic Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786045723586" title="Special:BookSources/9786045723586"><bdi>9786045723586</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C4%83n+ki%E1%BB%87n+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+bi%E1%BB%83u+to%C3%A0n+qu%E1%BB%91c+l%E1%BA%A7n+th%E1%BB%A9+XII&rft.place=Hanoi&rft.pub=National+Politic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9786045723586&rft.au=%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng+c%E1%BB%99ng+s%E1%BA%A3n+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYOGVAQAACAAJ%26q%3D%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A3ng%2BC%25E1%25BB%2599ng%2Bs%25E1%25BA%25A3n%2BVi%25E1%25BB%2587t%2BNam%3A%2BV%25C4%2583n%2Bki%25E1%25BB%2587n%2B%25C4%2590%25E1%25BA%25A1i%2Bh%25E1%25BB%2599i%2B%25C4%2591%25E1%25BA%25A1i%2Bbi%25E1%25BB%2583u%2Bto%25C3%25A0n%2Bqu%25E1%25BB%2591c%2Bl%25E1%25BA%25A7n%2Bth%25E1%25BB%25A9%2BXII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr._Nguyen2010" class="citation news cs1">Dr. Nguyen, Van Oanh (3 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nhandan.com.vn/chinhtri/item/11026002-.html">"Những đặc trưng của chủ nghĩa xã hội được xây dựng ở nước ta"</a>. <i>Nhan Dan (People) Newspaper</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nhan+Dan+%28People%29+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Nh%E1%BB%AFng+%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c+tr%C6%B0ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ch%E1%BB%A7+ngh%C4%A9a+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c+x%C3%A2y+d%E1%BB%B1ng+%E1%BB%9F+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+ta&rft.date=2010-10-03&rft.aulast=Dr.+Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Van+Oanh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnhandan.com.vn%2Fchinhtri%2Fitem%2F11026002-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialism+in+Vietnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialism_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_by_state" title="Template:Socialism by state"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_by_state" title="Template talk:Socialism by state"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_by_state" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism by state"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialism_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Argentina" title="Socialism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" title="Socialism in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Australia" title="New Australia">New Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Bangladesh" title="Socialism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Brazil" title="Socialism in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Lulism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Canada" title="Socialism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">since 1978</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Socialism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Estonia" title="Socialism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Finland" title="Socialism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Greece" title="Socialism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Iran" title="Socialism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Italy" title="Socialism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Socialism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_New_Zealand" title="Socialism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Socialism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Tunisia" title="Socialism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_left" title="British left">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">African-American</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain%27s_Road_to_Socialism" title="Britain's Road to Socialism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Way_to_Socialism" title="Burmese Way to Socialism">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_socialism" title="Melanesian socialism">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_ideology" title="Sandinista ideology">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujamaa" title="Ujamaa">Tanzanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current and historical<br /><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Angola" title="People's Republic of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Benin" title="People's Republic of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Burkina_Faso#Burkina_Faso" title="History of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="People's Republic of the Congo">Congo-Brazzaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="History of Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser">Egypt</a></li> <li>Ethiopia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">1974–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">1987–1991</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guinea#Sékou_Touré's_rule_(1958–1984)" title="History of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Madagascar" title="Democratic Republic of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_rule_in_Seychelles" title="One-party rule in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Somali Democratic Republic">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Sudan" title="Democratic Republic of Sudan">Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Government_(Grenada)" title="People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Chile" title="Socialist Republic of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junta_of_National_Reconstruction" title="Junta of National Reconstruction">Nicaragua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_the_Union_of_Burma" title="Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li>Cambodia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">1975–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">1979–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Government_of_Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea">1982–1992</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_People%27s_Republic" title="Tuvan People's Republic">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short-lived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_People%27s_Government" title="Azerbaijan People's Government">Azerbaijan People's Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="Second East Turkestan Republic">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Republic" title="Far Eastern Republic">Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_People%27s_Government" title="Fujian People's Government">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Persian Socialist Soviet Republic">Gilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Inner Mongolian People's Republic">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kuwait" title="Republic of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mahabad" title="Republic of Mahabad">Kurdish Republic of Mahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_People%27s_Committee_of_North_Korea" title="Provisional People's Committee of North Korea">North Korea (1946–1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Committee_of_North_Korea" title="People's Committee of North Korea">North Korea (1947–1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_South_Vietnam" title="Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovakia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic" title="Czech Socialist Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Slovak Socialist Republic">Slovakia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungary (1949–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short-lived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1918_insurgency_in_Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1918 insurgency in Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Republic" title="Banat Republic">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Hungarian_Baranya%E2%80%93Baja_Republic" title="Serbian–Hungarian Baranya–Baja Republic">Baranya–Baja</a></li> <li>Bavaria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_State_of_Bavaria" title="People's State of Bavaria">1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic">Bessarabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Soviet_Republic_of_Byelorussia" title="Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia">Byelorussia (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_Soviet_Republic" title="Bremen Soviet Republic">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_Republic" title="Bihać Republic">Bihać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic">Crimea (1919)</a></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Socialist_Workers%27_Republic" title="Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Democratic_Republic" title="Finnish Democratic Republic">1939–1940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia" title="Commune of the Working People of Estonia">Estonia (1918–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Galician Soviet Socialist Republic">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">Hungary (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_soviets" title="Irish soviets">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naissaar#History" title="Naissaar">Naissaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxony_in_the_German_Revolution_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Saxony in the German Revolution (1918–1919)">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Soviet_Republic" title="Slovak Soviet Republic">Slovakia (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Tarnobrzeg" title="Republic of Tarnobrzeg">Tarnobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_U%C5%BEice" title="Republic of Užice">Užice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_Soviet_Republic" title="Würzburg Soviet Republic">Würzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Soldiers%27_Council" title="Brussels Soldiers' Council">Brussels Soldiers' Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History of socialism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialism_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialism_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Socialism in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Bangladesh" title="Socialism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Indonesia (page does not exist)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Iran" title="Socialism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Israel (page does not exist)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Japan (page does not exist)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in South Korea (page does not exist)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in the Philippines (page does not exist)">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Socialism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Socialism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vietnam_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vietnam_topics" title="Template talk:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vietnam_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Vietnam" title="List of historical capitals of Vietnam">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dynasties" title="List of Vietnamese dynasties">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Vietnam" title="Economic history of Vietnam">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Vietnam" title="Military history of Vietnam">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Vietnam" title="Names of Vietnam">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Vietnam" title="Naval history of Vietnam">Naval</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vietnamese_history" title="Timeline of Vietnamese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Prehistoric_period" title="History of Vietnam">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Ancient_period_(2879–111_BC)" title="History of Vietnam">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Chinese_domination_(111_BC–938_AD)" title="History of Vietnam">Chinese dominated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Monarchical_period_(938–1858)" title="History of Vietnam">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Modern_period_(1858–present)" title="History of Vietnam">French colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Vietnam (1945–present)">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vietnam" title="Geography of Vietnam">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Borders of Vietnam">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Vietnam" title="Climate of Vietnam">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Vietnam" title="Climate change in Vietnam">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Vietnam" title="List of ecoregions in Vietnam">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Vietnam" title="Environmental issues in Vietnam">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Vietnam" title="Protected areas of Vietnam">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Vietnam" title="List of national parks of Vietnam">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Vietnam" title="Wildlife of Vietnam">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Vietnam" title="List of mammals of Vietnam">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Vietnam" title="List of birds of Vietnam">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Vietnam" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Vietnam">Molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_Vietnam" title="List of endangered species in Vietnam">Endangered species</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Vietnam" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Vietnam">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district-level_subdivisions_in_Vietnam" title="List of district-level subdivisions in Vietnam">District-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)" title="Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam)">Commune-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_divisions_of_Vietnam" title="Electoral divisions of Vietnam">Electoral units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Vietnam" title="List of regions of Vietnam">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Hong (Red) River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam" title="Constitution of Vietnam">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Fatherland_Front" title="Vietnamese Fatherland Front">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Vietnam">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vietnam" title="Law of Vietnam">Law</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Member_of_the_Secretariat" title="Permanent Member of the Secretariat">Permanent Member of the Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_officeholders_in_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="List of central officeholders in the Communist Party of Vietnam">History of central officeholders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Inspection Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Vietnam" title="Judicial system of Vietnam">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Supreme People's Procuracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Procurator-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Courts_of_Vietnam" title="Military Courts of Vietnam">Military Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Vietnam">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_and_Security_Council" title="National Defense and Security Council">National Defense and Security Council</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Armed forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam#Main_force" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Border Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Public Security</a> <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Civil_Defense_Force" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Militia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Self-Defence_Militia" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Self-Defence Militia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam" title="Agriculture in Vietnam">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Vietnam" title="Banking in Vietnam">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới"><i>Doi Moi</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">("Renovation")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Đồng <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Vietnam" title="Energy in Vietnam">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Vietnam" title="Nuclear power in Vietnam">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Vietnam" title="List of power stations in Vietnam">Power stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam" title="Foreign aid to Vietnam">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign trade of Vietnam">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_Vietnam" title="Five-Year Plans of Vietnam">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Vietnam" title="Manufacturing in Vietnam">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Standards" title="Vietnam Standards">Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Automotive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Vietnam" title="Poverty in Vietnam">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Vietnam" title="Science and technology in Vietnam">Science and Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_units_of_measurement" title="Vietnamese units of measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Vietnamese inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Vietnam" title="Internet in Vietnam">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vietnam" title="Tourism in Vietnam">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Vietnam" title="Visa policy of Vietnam">Visa policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Vietnam" title="Expressways of Vietnam">Expressways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Rail transport in Vietnam">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Vietnam" title="List of airports in Vietnam">Airports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Vietnam" title="Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam">Water supply</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Air transport in Vietnam">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Rail transport in Vietnam">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Society of Vietnam">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Vietnam" title="Education in Vietnam">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Vietnam" title="List of universities in Vietnam">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Vietnam" title="Health in Vietnam">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Vietnam" title="HIV/AIDS in Vietnam">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vietnam" title="Crime in Vietnam">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Vietnam" title="Gambling in Vietnam">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Vietnam" title="Prostitution in Vietnam">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Sex trafficking in Vietnam">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Human trafficking in Vietnam">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Vietnam" title="Corruption in Vietnam">Corruption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vietnam" title="Public holidays in Vietnam">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Vietnam" title="Time in Vietnam">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Women</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vietnam" title="Demographics of Vietnam">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_Vietnam" title="Eunuchs in Vietnam">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_and_computers" title="Vietnamese language and computers">Language and computers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Vietnam" title="Racism in Vietnam">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Folk religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Vietnam" title="Taoism in Vietnam">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Vietnam" title="Christianity in Vietnam">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam" title="Islam in Vietnam">Islam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFn_Qu%C3%A2n_Ca" title="Tiến Quân Ca">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_architecture" title="Vietnamese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_art" title="Vietnamese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Vietnam" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Vietnam">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_animation" title="Vietnamese animation">Animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dishes" title="List of Vietnamese dishes">Dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_ingredients" title="List of Vietnamese ingredients">Ingredients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Vietnam" title="Dance in Vietnam">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Vietnam" title="Emblem of Vietnam">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_festivals_in_Vietnam" title="List of traditional festivals in Vietnam">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_literature" title="Vietnamese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_poetry" title="Vietnamese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_and_mass_media_in_Vietnam" title="Television and mass media in Vietnam">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Television" title="Vietnam Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Vietnam" title="List of newspapers in Vietnam">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">V-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments">Traditional musical instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_philosophy" title="Vietnamese philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Vietnam" title="Communism in Vietnam">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_Vietnam" title="Trotskyism in Vietnam">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_Dignity_Theory" title="Person Dignity Theory">Person Dignity Theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Vietnam" title="Sport in Vietnam">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_traditional_games" title="List of Vietnamese traditional games">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Vietnam" title="National symbols of Vietnam">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Vietnam" title="Theatre of Vietnam">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_studies" title="Vietnamese studies">Vietnamese studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vietnam" title="Outline of Vietnam">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vietnam" title="Category:Vietnam">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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