CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Irish Crown Jewels - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f320fd23-3874-4226-9980-aaa669b710c4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Irish_Crown_Jewels","wgTitle":"Irish Crown Jewels","wgCurRevisionId":1268838160,"wgRevisionId":1268838160,"wgArticleId":218906,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from October 2013","Use dmy dates from May 2023","CS1: long volume value","Commons category link is on Wikidata","1783 in Ireland","1907 in Ireland","Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom","Monarchy of the United Kingdom","Monarchy of Ireland","National symbols of Ireland","Unsolved crimes in Ireland","Individual thefts","Robberies in the United Kingdom"],"wgPageViewLanguage": "en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Irish_Crown_Jewels","wgRelevantArticleId":218906,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1232202","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Irishcrownjewels.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="708"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Irishcrownjewels.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="472"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="378"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Irish Crown Jewels - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Crown_Jewels"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Crown_Jewels"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Irish_Crown_Jewels rootpage-Irish_Crown_Jewels skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Irish+Crown+Jewels" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Irish+Crown+Jewels" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Irish+Crown+Jewels" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Irish+Crown+Jewels" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Theft</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theft-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theft subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Investigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rumours_and_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rumours_and_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rumours and theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rumours_and_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fictional_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictional_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fictional accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fictional_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish Crown Jewels</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsk%C3%A9_korunova%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_klenoty" title="Irské korunovační klenoty – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irské korunovační klenoty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irische_Kronjuwelen" title="Irische Kronjuwelen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Irische Kronjuwelen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyas_de_la_Corona_irlandesa" title="Joyas de la Corona irlandesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joyas de la Corona irlandesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioielli_della_Corona_irlandese" title="Gioielli della Corona irlandese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gioielli della Corona irlandese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joias_da_Coroa_Irlandesa" title="Joias da Coroa Irlandesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joias da Coroa Irlandesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Королевские регалии Ирландии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Королевские регалии Ирландии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="เครื่องราชกกุธภัณฑ์ไอร์แลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องราชกกุธภัณฑ์ไอร์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1232202#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Crown_Jewels" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Irish_Crown_Jewels" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Crown_Jewels"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Crown_Jewels"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Irish_Crown_Jewels" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Irish_Crown_Jewels" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&oldid=1268838160" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Irish_Crown_Jewels&id=1268838160&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIrish_Crown_Jewels"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIrish_Crown_Jewels"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Irish_Crown_Jewels" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1232202" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State Jewels of Ireland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irishcrownjewels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Irishcrownjewels.jpg/250px-Irishcrownjewels.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Irishcrownjewels.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="177" /></a><figcaption>Image of the Irish Crown Jewels, as published by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a> twice a week after the theft of the items was discovered in July 1907.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Jewels of the Order of St Patrick</b>, commonly called the <b>Irish Crown Jewels</b>, were the heavily jewelled badge and star created in 1831 for the Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Patrick" title="Order of St Patrick">Order of St Patrick</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Order_of_knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of knighthood">order of knighthood</a> established in 1783 by <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> to be an Irish equivalent of the English <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> and the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Thistle" title="Order of the Thistle">Order of the Thistle</a>. The office of Grand Master was held by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a>. </p><p>The jewels were stolen from <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a> in 1907, along with the <a href="/wiki/Collar_(order)" title="Collar (order)">collars</a> of five knights of the order. The theft has never been solved, and the items have never been recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-AO_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Dudley,_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_St._Patrick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Lord_Dudley%2C_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_St._Patrick.jpg/220px-Lord_Dudley%2C_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_St._Patrick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Lord_Dudley%2C_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_St._Patrick.jpg/330px-Lord_Dudley%2C_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_St._Patrick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Lord_Dudley%2C_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_St._Patrick.jpg/440px-Lord_Dudley%2C_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_St._Patrick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/William_Ward,_2nd_Earl_of_Dudley" title="William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley">Earl of Dudley</a> as Viceroy of Ireland and Grand Master of the Order of St Patrick.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry_as_viceroy_of_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/The_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry_as_viceroy_of_Ireland.jpg/220px-The_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry_as_viceroy_of_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/The_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry_as_viceroy_of_Ireland.jpg/330px-The_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry_as_viceroy_of_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/The_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry_as_viceroy_of_Ireland.jpg/440px-The_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry_as_viceroy_of_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry">Marquess of Londonderry</a> as Viceroy and Grand Master.</figcaption></figure> <p>The original regalia of the Grand Master were only slightly more opulent than the insignia of an ordinary member of the order; the king's 1783 ordinance said they were to be "of the same materials and fashion as those of Our Knights, save only those alterations which befit Our dignity".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regalia were replaced in 1831 by new ones presented by <a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">William IV</a> as part of a revision of the order's structure. They were delivered from London to Dublin on 15 March by the <a href="/wiki/William_Hay,_18th_Earl_of_Erroll" title="William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll">Earl of Erroll</a> in a mahogany box together with a document titled "A Description of the Jewels of the Order of St. Patrick, made by command of His Majesty King William the Fourth, for the use of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and which are Crown Jewels."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They contained 394 precious stones taken from the <a href="/wiki/English_Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="English Crown Jewels">English Crown Jewels</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Queen Charlotte</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a> star of her husband George III.<sup id="cite_ref-Riordan2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riordan2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jewels were assembled by <a href="/wiki/Rundell_%26_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rundell & Bridge">Rundell & Bridge</a>. On the badge, of <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_blue" class="mw-redirect" title="St Patrick's blue">St Patrick's blue</a> enamel, the green <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrock</a> was of <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emeralds</a> and the red <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire" title="Saint Patrick's Saltire">saltire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">rubies</a>; the motto of the order was in <a href="/wiki/Diamond_color" title="Diamond color">pink diamonds</a> and the encrustation was of Brazilian diamonds of the <a href="/wiki/First_water" title="First water">first water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Riordan2001_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riordan2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nationalarchives_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalarchives-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notices issued after the theft described the jewels thus: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> A Diamond Star of the Grand Master of the Order of St. Patrick composed of <a href="/wiki/Brilliant_(diamond_cut)" title="Brilliant (diamond cut)">brilliants</a> (Brazilian stones) of the <a href="/wiki/First_water" title="First water">purest water</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches, consisting of eight points, four greater and four lesser, issuing from a centre enclosing a cross of rubies and a <a href="/wiki/Trefoil" title="Trefoil">trefoil</a> of emeralds surrounding a sky blue enamel circle with words, "<a href="/wiki/Quis_Separabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Quis Separabit">Quis Separabit</a> <a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">MDCCLXXXIII</a>." in rose diamonds engraved on back. Value about £14,000. (equivalent to £1,870,000 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A Diamond Badge of the Grand Master of the Order of St. Patrick set in silver containing a trefoil in emeralds on a ruby cross surrounded by a sky blue enamelled circle with "Quis Separabit MDCCLXXXIII." in rose diamonds surrounded by a wreath of trefoils in emeralds, the whole enclosed by a circle of large single Brazilian stones of the finest water, surmounted by a crowned harp in diamonds and loop, also in Brazilian stones. Total size of oval 3 by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inches; height <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inches. Value £16,000. (equivalent to £2,140,000 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>When not being worn or cleaned, the insignia of the Grand Master and those of deceased knights were in the custody of the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_King_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster King of Arms">Ulster King of Arms</a>, the senior Irish <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_arms" title="Officer of arms">herald</a>, and kept in a <a href="/wiki/Bank_vault" title="Bank vault">bank vault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dublincastle_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dublincastle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The description "Crown Jewels" was officially applied to the star and badge regalia in a 1905 revision of the order's statutes. The label "Irish Crown Jewels" was publicised by newspapers after their theft.<sup id="cite_ref-Galloway1983_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galloway1983-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theft">Theft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Vicars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Arthur_Vicars.jpg/220px-Arthur_Vicars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Arthur_Vicars.jpg/330px-Arthur_Vicars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Arthur_Vicars.jpg/440px-Arthur_Vicars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="907" /></a><figcaption>Sir Arthur Vicars</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1903, the Office of Arms, the Ulster King of Arms's office within the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a> complex, was transferred from the Bermingham Tower to the Bedford or Clock Tower. The jewels were transferred to a new <a href="/wiki/Safe" title="Safe">safe</a>, which was to be placed in the newly constructed <a href="/wiki/Strongroom" class="mw-redirect" title="Strongroom">strongroom</a>. The new safe was too large for the doorway to the strongroom, and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Vicars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Vicars">Sir Arthur Vicars</a>, the Ulster King of Arms, instead had it placed in his library.<sup id="cite_ref-AO_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven latch keys to the door of the Office of Arms were held by Vicars and his staff, and two keys to the safe containing the regalia were both in the custody of Vicars. Vicars was known to get drunk on overnight duty and he once awoke to find the jewels around his neck. It is not known whether this was a prank or practice for the actual theft. </p><p>The regalia were last worn by the Lord Lieutenant, the <a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton-Gordon,_1st_Marquess_of_Aberdeen_and_Temair" title="John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair">Earl of Aberdeen</a>, on 15 March 1907, at a function to mark <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St Patrick's Day">St Patrick's Day</a>. They were last known to be in the safe on 11 June, when Vicars showed them to a visitor to his office. The jewels were discovered to be missing on 6 July 1907, four days before the start of a visit by King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Queen Alexandra</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_International_Exhibition" title="Irish International Exhibition">Irish International Exhibition</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_FitzPatrick,_2nd_Baron_Castletown" title="Bernard FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Castletown">Lord Castletown</a> was set to be invested into the order during the visit. The theft is reported to have angered the king, but the visit went ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the investiture ceremony was cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-dublincastle_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dublincastle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some family jewels inherited by Vicars and valued at £1,500 (equivalent to £200,000 in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were also stolen,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the <a href="/wiki/Collar_(Order_of_Knighthood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collar (Order of Knighthood)">collars</a> of five members of the order: four living (the <a href="/wiki/James_Edward_William_Theobald_Butler,_3rd_Marquess_of_Ormonde" class="mw-redirect" title="James Edward William Theobald Butler, 3rd Marquess of Ormonde">Marquess of Ormonde</a> and the Earls of <a href="/wiki/William_Ulick_Tristram_St_Lawrence,_4th_Earl_of_Howth" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ulick Tristram St Lawrence, 4th Earl of Howth">Howth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowry_Cole,_4th_Earl_of_Enniskillen" title="Lowry Cole, 4th Earl of Enniskillen">Enniskillen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dermot_Bourke,_7th_Earl_of_Mayo" title="Dermot Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo">Mayo</a>) and one deceased (the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Boyle,_9th_Earl_of_Cork" title="Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork">Earl of Cork</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-csorp18119_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csorp18119-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were valued at £1,050 (equivalent to £140,000 in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investigation">Investigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Crown_Jewels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Irish_Crown_Jewels.jpg/220px-Irish_Crown_Jewels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Irish_Crown_Jewels.jpg/330px-Irish_Crown_Jewels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Irish_Crown_Jewels.jpg/440px-Irish_Crown_Jewels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Dublin Police notice of theft of crown jewels.</figcaption></figure> <p>A police investigation was conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csorp18119_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csorp18119-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Posters issued by the force depicted and described the missing jewels. Detective Chief Inspector John Kane of <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a> arrived on 12 July to assist.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalarchives_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalarchives-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His report, never released, is said to have named the culprit and to have been suppressed by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalarchives_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalarchives-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vicars refused to resign his position, and similarly refused to appear at a Viceregal Commission under Judge <a href="/wiki/James_Johnston_Shaw" title="James Johnston Shaw">James Johnston Shaw</a> into the theft held from 10 January 1908. Vicars argued for a public <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a> instead, which would have had power to <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoena</a> <a href="/wiki/Witness" title="Witness">witnesses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AO_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He publicly accused his second in command, Francis (Frank) Shackleton, Dublin Herald of Arms, of the theft. Kane explicitly denied to the Commission that Shackleton, brother of the explorer <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a>, was involved. Shackleton was exonerated in the commission's report, and Vicars was found to have "not exercise[d] due vigilance or proper care as the custodian of the regalia." Vicars was compelled to resign, as were all the staff in his personal employ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rumours_and_theories">Rumours and theories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rumours and theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1908, the Irish journalist <a href="/wiki/Bulmer_Hobson" title="Bulmer Hobson">Bulmer Hobson</a> published an account of the theft in a radical American newspaper, <i>The Gaelic American</i>, using information he had received from Vicars' half-brother <a href="/wiki/Pierce_Charles_de_Lacy_O%27Mahony" title="Pierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony">Pierce O'Mahony</a>. It stated that the culprits were Shackleton and a military officer, <a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Howard_Gorges" title="Richard William Howard Gorges">Richard Gorges</a>. The two men allegedly obtained access to the safe by plying Vicars with whiskey until he fell unconscious, at which point they removed the key from his pocket. Once the jewels had been extricated, Shackleton transported them to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, where he sold them for £20,000. Hobson claimed that the men escaped prosecution due to Shackleton threatening to expose the "discreditable doings" of various high-ranking personages with whom he was acquainted. Hobson repeated the allegations in a formal statement to officials in 1955, and in his autobiography.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Officials were aware of the homosexuality of Shackleton, Gorges and Vicars<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the claim that the investigation was compromised to avoid a greater scandal, such as the <a href="/wiki/John_Saul_(prostitute)" title="John Saul (prostitute)">Dublin Castle homosexual scandals of 1884</a>, was also made by Vicars, including in his will. The Lord Lieutenant's son, Lord Haddo, had been a participant in the parties at the castle, and King Edward VII's allegedly bisexual brother-in-law the <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_9th_Duke_of_Argyll" title="John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll">Duke of Argyll</a> was known to Frank Shackleton, through a friendship with the prominent social figure <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ronald_Gower" title="Lord Ronald Gower">Lord Ronald Gower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the persons alleged to be involved in the theft: </p> <ul><li>Sir Arthur Vicars was killed by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">IRA</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">County Kerry</a> in April 1921.</li> <li>Frank Shackleton defrauded <a href="/wiki/Lord_Ronald_Gower" title="Lord Ronald Gower">Lord Ronald Gower</a> of his fortune between 1910 and 1913. Shackleton was eventually prosecuted and imprisoned, but only for defrauding a spinster friend of Gower's, even though it was for a far smaller sum. It has been surmised this legal oddity was due to the British Government's desire not to provoke Shackleton unduly, or probe Gower, over fear prominent names might be voiced.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon release from prison, Shackleton changed his name to Mellor and became an antiques dealer in <a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a>, England, until his death on 24 June 1941, aged 64.</li> <li>Richard Gorges shot and killed Detective Constable Arthur Young July 14 1915, and served 10 years of a 12-year sentence. In May 1941, Gorges was arrested and again sent to <a href="/wiki/Gaol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaol">gaol</a> for obtaining clothes from <a href="/wiki/Simpsons_of_Piccadilly" title="Simpsons of Piccadilly">Simpsons of Piccadilly</a> with a worthless cheque. In January 1944 he was killed after being run over by a train in the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a>.</li></ul> <p>Only a short time after the theft, accusations began to be made, most especially by overseas press, that proper investigation of the theft was being suppressed by the British Government to protect prominent names. This led to such claims regularly being made in Parliament by Irish MPs for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a theory that the jewels were stolen by political activists who were in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Riordan2001_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riordan2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> in August 1907, <a href="/wiki/Pat_O%27Brien_(Irish_politician)" title="Pat O'Brien (Irish politician)">Pat O'Brien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Parliament">MP</a>, blamed "loyal and patriotic <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionist</a> criminals".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon,_2nd_Marquess_of_Aberdeen_and_Temair" title="George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair">Lord Haddo</a>, the son of the Lord Lieutenant, was alleged by some newspapers to have been involved in the theft;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Augustine_Birrell" title="Augustine Birrell">Augustine Birrell</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Ireland" title="Chief Secretary for Ireland">Chief Secretary for Ireland</a>, stated in the Commons that Haddo had been in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> throughout the time period within which the theft took place.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912 and 1913, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Ginnell" title="Laurence Ginnell">Laurence Ginnell</a> suggested that the police investigation had established the identity of the thief, that his report had been suppressed to avoid scandal,<sup id="cite_ref-hc1913v47c1189_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc1913v47c1189-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the jewels were "at present within the reach of the Irish Government awaiting the invention of some plausible method of restoring them without getting entangled in the Criminal Law".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an <a href="/wiki/Adjournment_debate" title="Adjournment debate">adjournment debate</a> in 1912 he alleged:<sup id="cite_ref-hc1912v44c2751_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc1912v44c2751-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The proposition I ask to be allowed to make is this: The police charged with collecting evidence in connection with the disappearance of the Crown Jewels from Dublin Castle in 1907 collected evidence inseparable from it of criminal debauchery and <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a> being committed in the castle by officials, Army officers, and a couple of nondescripts of such position that their conviction and exposure would have led to an upheaval from which the Chief Secretary shrank. In order to prevent that he suspended the operation of the Criminal Law, and appointed a whitewashing commission with the result for which it was appointed.</p></blockquote> <p>His speech was curtailed when a <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a> of forty MPs was not present in the chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-hc1912v44c2751_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc1912v44c2751-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He elaborated the following week on the alleged depravity of "two of the characters", namely army captain <a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Howard_Gorges" title="Richard William Howard Gorges">Richard Gorges</a> ("a reckless bully, a robber, a murderer, a bugger, and a sod") and Shackleton ("One of [Gorges'] chums in the castle, and a participant in the debauchery").<sup id="cite_ref-hc19121220_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc19121220-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birrell denied any cover-up and urged Ginnell to give to the police any evidence he had relating to the theft or any sexual crime.<sup id="cite_ref-hc19121220_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc19121220-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Vavasour_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Vavasour Faber">Walter Vavasour Faber</a> also asked about a cover-up;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward Legge supported this theory.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 November 1912, the <i>London Mail</i> alleged that Vicars had allowed a woman reported to be his mistress to obtain a copy to the key to the safe and that she had fled to Paris with the jewels. In July 1913, Vicars sued the paper for <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a>; it admitted that the story was completely baseless and that the woman in question did not exist; Vicars was awarded <a href="/wiki/Damages" title="Damages">damages</a> of £5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vicars left nothing in his will to his half-brother Pierce O'Mahony, on the grounds that O'Mahony had repudiated a promise to recompense Vicars for the loss of income caused by his resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Frank Shackleton was imprisoned in 1914 for passing a <a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">cheque</a> stolen from a spinster,<sup id="cite_ref-dublincastle_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dublincastle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-paperspast_AS19130308_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paperspast_AS19130308-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Turnour,_6th_Earl_Winterton" title="Edward Turnour, 6th Earl Winterton">Earl Winterton</a> asked for the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_inquiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial inquiry">judicial inquiry</a> demanded by Vicars.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1927 memo of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Executive Council of the Irish Free State">Executive Council of the Irish Free State</a>, released in the 1970s, stated that <a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a> "understands that the Castle jewels are for sale and that they could be got for £2,000 or £3,000."<sup id="cite_ref-Riordan2001_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riordan2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it has been suggested that this is a misunderstanding, the memorandum having resulted from a communication to Cosgrave from a Dublin jeweller, James Weldon, who had been theoretically offered the jewels by a man fitting the description of Frank Shackleton, but in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_Gorges.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Captain_Gorges.JPG" decoding="async" width="148" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="148" data-file-height="157" /></a><figcaption>Captain Richard Howard Gorges at his trial 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1965, <i>Vicious Circle: The Case of the Missing Irish Crown Jewels</i> was published. While not ascribing definitive responsibility for the theft,<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was the most detailed account to that date. In 2002, another published account, <i>Scandal & Betrayal: Shackleton And The Irish Crown Jewels</i> suggested the theft was a Unionist plot to embarrass <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Government_1905%E2%80%931915" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Government 1905–1915">the Liberal government</a>. A reviewer called it "speculation and allegation dressed up as history".<sup id="cite_ref-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2003 study, <i>The Stealing Of The Irish Crown Jewels</i>, stated that while Shackleton and Gorges may have been shielded from prosecution due to fears they would expose homosexuality in prominent figures, this was only speculation, and the police may simply not have had enough evidence against them.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, <i>A Secret Between Gentlemen</i> further detailed the British Government's suppression of the case, and its hesitancy in prosecuting Shackleton in 1913 over his defrauding of Gower's fortune.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It served to strengthen Bulmer Hobson's allegation over the reason for the Government's behaviour in 1908. </p><p>Folklore within the <a href="/wiki/Genealogical_Office" title="Genealogical Office">Genealogical Office</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, the successor to the Office of Arms, was that the jewels were never removed from the Clock Tower, but were merely hidden. In 1983, when the Genealogical Office vacated its structurally unsound premises inside the Clock Tower, Donal Begley, the then-<a href="/wiki/Chief_Herald_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Herald of Ireland">Chief Herald of Ireland</a> supervised the removal of walls and floorboards, in case the jewels were found, but they were not.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fictional_accounts">Fictional accounts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fictional accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 1967 book suggests that the 1908 <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> story "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Bruce-Partington_Plans" title="The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans">The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans</a>" was inspired by the theft; author <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a> was a friend of Vicars, and the fictional Valentine Walters, who steals the Plans but is caught by Holmes, has similarities with Francis Shackleton.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Jewels</i>, a Bob Perrin novel based on the theft, was published in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin1977_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin1977-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Case of the Crown Jewels</i> by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Serrell_Thomas" title="Donald Serrell Thomas">Donald Serrell Thomas</a>, a Sherlock Holmes story based on the theft, was published in 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AO-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AO_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AO_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AO_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNosowitz2021" class="citation web cs1">Nosowitz, Dan (4 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/irish-crown-jewels-theft">"The Greatest Unsolved Heist in Irish History"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura – Stories</i>. Atlas Obscura<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura+%E2%80%93+Stories&rft.atitle=The+Greatest+Unsolved+Heist+in+Irish+History&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft.aulast=Nosowitz&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Farticles%2Firish-crown-jewels-theft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9rFXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA46"><i>Statutes and Ordinances</i> 1852, pp.46–47</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9rFXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA104"><i>Statutes and Ordinances</i> 1852, pp.104–105</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riordan2001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Riordan2001_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riordan2001_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riordan2001_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riordan2001_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Riordan2001" class="citation journal cs1">O'Riordan, Tomás (Winter 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/the-theft-of-the-irish-crown-jewels-1907/">"The Theft of the Irish Crown Jewels, 1907"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i>. <b>9</b> (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Theft+of+the+Irish+Crown+Jewels%2C+1907&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=O%27Riordan&rft.aufirst=Tom%C3%A1s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F20th-century-contemporary-history%2Fthe-theft-of-the-irish-crown-jewels-1907%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nationalarchives-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nationalarchives_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalarchives_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalarchives_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511165435/http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%E2%80%9Ccrown-jewels%E2%80%9D-2007/">"The Theft of the Irish 'Crown Jewels'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Online exhibitions</i>. Dublin: <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Ireland" title="National Archives of Ireland">National Archives of Ireland</a>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%E2%80%9Ccrown-jewels%E2%80%9D-2007/">the original</a> on 11 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+exhibitions&rft.atitle=The+Theft+of+the+Irish+%27Crown+Jewels%27&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.ie%2Fdigital-resources%2Fonline-exhibitions%2Fthe-theft-of-the-irish-%25E2%2580%259Ccrown-jewels%25E2%2580%259D-2007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140206073814/http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%e2%80%9ccrown-jewels%e2%80%9d-2007/photo-gallery/dmp/">"DMP – poster 1"</a>. Dublin Metropolitan Police. 2007 [Original date 8 July 1907]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%E2%80%9Ccrown-jewels%E2%80%9D-2007/photo-gallery/dmp/">the original</a> on 6 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DMP+%E2%80%93+poster+1&rft.pub=Dublin+Metropolitan+Police&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.ie%2Fdigital-resources%2Fonline-exhibitions%2Fthe-theft-of-the-irish-%25E2%2580%259Ccrown-jewels%25E2%2580%259D-2007%2Fphoto-gallery%2Fdmp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019194512/http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%e2%80%9ccrown-jewels%e2%80%9d-2007/photo-gallery/dmp2/">"DMP – poster 2"</a>. Dublin Metropolitan Police. 2007 [Original date 8 July 1907]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%E2%80%9Ccrown-jewels%E2%80%9D-2007/photo-gallery/dmp2/">the original</a> on 19 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DMP+%E2%80%93+poster+2&rft.pub=Dublin+Metropolitan+Police&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.ie%2Fdigital-resources%2Fonline-exhibitions%2Fthe-theft-of-the-irish-%25E2%2580%259Ccrown-jewels%25E2%2580%259D-2007%2Fphoto-gallery%2Fdmp2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dublincastle-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dublincastle_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dublincastle_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dublincastle_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511112016/http://www.dublincastle.ie/HistoryEducation/History/Chapter12TheIllustriousOrderofStPatrick/">"Chapter 12: The Illustrious Order of St. Patrick"</a>. <i>History of Dublin Castle</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Works" title="Office of Public Works">Office of Public Works</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dublincastle.ie/HistoryEducation/History/Chapter12TheIllustriousOrderofStPatrick/">the original</a> on 11 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Dublin+Castle&rft.atitle=Chapter+12%3A+The+Illustrious+Order+of+St.+Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dublincastle.ie%2FHistoryEducation%2FHistory%2FChapter12TheIllustriousOrderofStPatrick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Galloway1983-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Galloway1983_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalloway1983" class="citation book cs1">Galloway, Peter (1983). <i>The Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick: 1783 – 1983</i>. Phillimore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850335088" title="Special:BookSources/9780850335088"><bdi>9780850335088</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Most+Illustrious+Order+of+St.+Patrick%3A+1783+%E2%80%93+1983&rft.pub=Phillimore&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780850335088&rft.aulast=Galloway&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Legge 1913, p.55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/the-mystery-of-the-missing-crown-jewels-1.1055099">"The mystery of the missing Crown Jewels"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 26 March 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=The+mystery+of+the+missing+Crown+Jewels&rft.date=2002-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fthe-mystery-of-the-missing-crown-jewels-1.1055099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csorp18119-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-csorp18119_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csorp18119_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019202215/http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%e2%80%9ccrown-jewels%e2%80%9d-2007/photo-gallery/8-a/">Superintendent John Lowe's report – page 1</a> (Report). National Archives of Ireland. CSORP/1913/18119 – page 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%E2%80%9Ccrown-jewels%E2%80%9D-2007/photo-gallery/8-a/">the original</a> on 19 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Superintendent+John+Lowe%27s+report+%E2%80%93+page+1&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.ie%2Fdigital-resources%2Fonline-exhibitions%2Fthe-theft-of-the-irish-%25E2%2580%259Ccrown-jewels%25E2%2580%259D-2007%2Fphoto-gallery%2F8-a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span> With links to subsequent pages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019201511/http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%e2%80%9ccrown-jewels%e2%80%9d-2007/photo-gallery/dmp3/">"DMP – poster 3"</a>. National Archives of Ireland. 2007 [Original date 8 July 1907]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.ie/digital-resources/online-exhibitions/the-theft-of-the-irish-%E2%80%9Ccrown-jewels%E2%80%9D-2007/photo-gallery/dmp3/">the original</a> on 19 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DMP+%E2%80%93+poster+3&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Ireland&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.ie%2Fdigital-resources%2Fonline-exhibitions%2Fthe-theft-of-the-irish-%25E2%2580%259Ccrown-jewels%25E2%2580%259D-2007%2Fphoto-gallery%2Fdmp3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobson1968" class="citation book cs1">Hobson, Bulmer (1968). <i>Ireland Yesterday and Tomorrow</i>. Tralee. pp. <span class="nowrap">85–</span>88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+Yesterday+and+Tomorrow&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.pub=Tralee&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=Bulmer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/bureau-of-military-history-1913-1921/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1089.pdf">"W.S. 1089: Statement of Mr. Bulmer Hobson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Irish Military Archives. 1955<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=W.S.+1089%3A+Statement+of+Mr.+Bulmer+Hobson&rft.pub=Irish+Military+Archives&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryarchives.ie%2Fcollections%2Fonline-collections%2Fbureau-of-military-history-1913-1921%2Freels%2Fbmh%2FBMH.WS1089.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cafferky, John; Hannafin, Kevin, <i>Scandal & Betrayal: Shackleton and the Irish Crown Jewels</i>, pp72, 225, passim.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordaan, Peter, <i>A Secret Between Gentlemen (vol 1): Lord Battersea's Hidden Scandal And The Lives It Changed Forever</i>, Alchemie Books 2023, p663</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevelyan1978" class="citation book cs1">Trevelyan, Raleigh (1978). <i>Princes Under The Volcano</i>. William Morrow & Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">337–</span>8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Princes+Under+The+Volcano&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E337-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Company&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Trevelyan&rft.aufirst=Raleigh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordaan, Peter, <i>A Secret Between Gentlemen: Suspects, Strays and Guests</i>, Alchemie Books 2023, p92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordaan, Peter, <i>A Secret Between Gentlemen: Lord Battersea's Hidden Scandal And The Lives It Changed Forever, Alchemie Books, 2023, pp 636–672.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1907/aug/13/the-theft-of-the-irish-crown-jewels">HC Deb 13 August 1907 vol 180 cc1065-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Legge 1913, pp. xv, 62–63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1908/apr/01/the-theft-of-the-dublin-crown-jewels">HC Deb 01 April 1908 vol 187 cc509-10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hc1913v47c1189-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hc1913v47c1189_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1913/jan/28/crown-jewels-ireland">HC Deb 28 January 1913 vol 47 cc1189-90</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1913/jan/23/crown-jewels-ireland">HC Deb 23 January 1913 vol 47 cc589-90</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hc1912v44c2751-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hc1912v44c2751_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hc1912v44c2751_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1912/dec/06/irish-crown-jewels">HC Deb 06 December 1912 vol 44 cc2751-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hc19121220-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hc19121220_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hc19121220_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1912/dec/20/crown-jewels-dublin">HC Deb 20 December 1912 vol 45 cc1955-62</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1913/feb/13/crown-jewels-dublin">HC Deb 13 February 1913 vol 48 cc1159-61</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Legge 1913, pp. 64–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=MEX19130829.2.25">"The Irish Crown Jewels"</a>. Vol. XLVII, no. 20. Marlborough Express. 29 August 1913<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Irish+Crown+Jewels&rft.volume=XLVII&rft.issue=20&rft.date=1913-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DMEX19130829.2.25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/crown_jewels/VicarsWill/1/will.html">"Will of Sir Arthur Vicars"</a>. National Archives of Ireland, Principal Registry. 20 March 1922. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+of+Sir+Arthur+Vicars&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Ireland%2C+Principal+Registry&rft.date=1922-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.ie%2Ftopics%2Fcrown_jewels%2FVicarsWill%2F1%2Fwill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paperspast_AS19130308-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paperspast_AS19130308_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS19130308.2.108.5&dliv=&e=--1913---1914--10--1-byDA---0surrey+shipping+arrivals--">"The Case of Francis Shackleton"</a>. <i>Auckland Star</i>. 8 March 1913. p. 13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auckland+Star&rft.atitle=The+Case+of+Francis+Shackleton&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1913-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DAS19130308.2.108.5%26dliv%3D%26e%3D--1913---1914--10--1-byDA---0surrey%2Bshipping%2Barrivals--&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1914/feb/19/crown-jewels-dublin">HC Deb 19 February 1914 vol 58 cc1113-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_Dungan_2002,_p61_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Miles Dungan, 'A Gem Of A Robbery', <i>Sunday Tribune</i>, 14 April 2002, p61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dungan, Myes, <i>The Stealing Of The Irish Crown Jewels - an unsolved crime,</i>, Town House, Dublin 2003, p342</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordaan, Peter, <i>A Secret Between Gentlemen</i>, Alchemie Books, 2023, Vol 1, pp636-672; Vol 2, pp84-92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hood 2002 pp.232–233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBamfordBankes1967" class="citation book cs1">Bamford, Francis; Bankes, Viola (1967). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/viciouscirclecas00bamf"><i>Vicious Circle: The Case of the Missing Irish Crown Jewels</i></a></span>. Horizon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vicious+Circle%3A+The+Case+of+the+Missing+Irish+Crown+Jewels&rft.pub=Horizon+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Bamford&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.au=Bankes%2C+Viola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fviciouscirclecas00bamf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perrin1977-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Perrin1977_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrin1977" class="citation book cs1">Perrin, Robert (1977). <i>Jewels</i>. Pan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780330255875" title="Special:BookSources/9780330255875"><bdi>9780330255875</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewels&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780330255875&rft.aulast=Perrin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHood2002" class="citation book cs1">Hood, Susan (2002). <i>Royal Roots, Republican Inheritance: The Survival of the Office of Arms</i>. Dublin: Woodfield Press in association with <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">National Library of Ireland</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780953429332" title="Special:BookSources/9780953429332"><bdi>9780953429332</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Roots%2C+Republican+Inheritance%3A+The+Survival+of+the+Office+of+Arms&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Woodfield+Press+in+association+with+National+Library+of+Ireland&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780953429332&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9rFXAAAAcAAJ"><i>Statutes and Ordinances of the Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick</i></a>. Dublin: George & John Grierson for <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Stationery_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Stationery Office">Her Majesty's Stationery Office</a>. 1852<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statutes+and+Ordinances+of+the+Most+Illustrious+Order+of+St.+Patrick&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=George+%26+John+Grierson+for+Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1852&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9rFXAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegge1913" class="citation book cs1">Legge, Edward (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moreaboutkingedw00leggrich"><i>More about King Edward</i></a>. Boston: Small, Maynard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+about+King+Edward&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Small%2C+Maynard&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Legge&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoreaboutkingedw00leggrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViceregal_Commission_to_investigate_the_circumstances_of_the_loss_of_the_regalia_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Patrick1908" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Viceregal Commission to investigate the circumstances of the loss of the regalia of the Order of Saint Patrick (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/op1255337-1001"><i>Report</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Command_paper" title="Command paper">Command papers</a>. Vol. Cd.3906. HMSO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report&rft.series=Command+papers&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Viceregal+Commission+to+investigate+the+circumstances+of+the+loss+of+the+regalia+of+the+Order+of+Saint+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fop1255337-1001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViceregal_Commission_to_investigate_the_circumstances_of_the_loss_of_the_regalia_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Patrick1908" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Viceregal Commission to investigate the circumstances of the loss of the regalia of the Order of Saint Patrick (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/op1255338-1001"><i>Appendix</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Command_paper" title="Command paper">Command papers</a>. Vol. Cd.3936. HMSO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appendix&rft.series=Command+papers&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Viceregal+Commission+to+investigate+the+circumstances+of+the+loss+of+the+regalia+of+the+Order+of+Saint+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fop1255338-1001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankesBamford1965" class="citation book cs1">Bankes, Viola; Bamford, Francis (1965). <i>Vicious Circle: The Case Of The Missing Irish Crown Jewels</i>. London: Max Parrish and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vicious+Circle%3A+The+Case+Of+The+Missing+Irish+Crown+Jewels&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Max+Parrish+and+Co.&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Bankes&rft.aufirst=Viola&rft.au=Bamford%2C+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCafferkyHannafin2002" class="citation book cs1">Cafferky, John; Hannafin, Kevin (2002). <i>Scandal & Betrayal: Shackleton And The Irish Crown Jewels</i>. Cork: The Collins Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903464250" title="Special:BookSources/9781903464250"><bdi>9781903464250</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scandal+%26+Betrayal%3A+Shackleton+And+The+Irish+Crown+Jewels&rft.place=Cork&rft.pub=The+Collins+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781903464250&rft.aulast=Cafferky&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Hannafin%2C+Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDungan2003" class="citation book cs1">Dungan, Myes (2003). <i>The Stealing Of The Irish Crown Jewels - an unsolved crime</i>. Dublin: Town House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860591822" title="Special:BookSources/9781860591822"><bdi>9781860591822</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stealing+Of+The+Irish+Crown+Jewels+-+an+unsolved+crime&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Town+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781860591822&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=Myes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordaan2023" class="citation book cs1">Jordaan, Peter (2023). <i>A Secret Between Gentlemen (vol 1): Lord Battersea's Hidden Scandal And The Lives It Changed Forever</i>. Sydney: Alchemie Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780645617870" title="Special:BookSources/9780645617870"><bdi>9780645617870</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Secret+Between+Gentlemen+%28vol+1%29%3A+Lord+Battersea%27s+Hidden+Scandal+And+The+Lives+It+Changed+Forever&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Alchemie+Books&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780645617870&rft.aulast=Jordaan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>A Secret Between Gentlemen (vol 2): Suspects, Strays and Guests</i>. Sydney: Alchemie Books. 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780645852745" title="Special:BookSources/9780645852745"><bdi>9780645852745</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Secret+Between+Gentlemen+%28vol+2%29%3A+Suspects%2C+Strays+and+Guests&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Alchemie+Books&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780645852745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalloway1999" class="citation book cs1">Galloway, Peter (1999). <i>The Most Illustrious Order: The Order of Saint Patrick and its Knights</i>. London: Unicorn Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906290-23-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-906290-23-6"><bdi>0-906290-23-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Most+Illustrious+Order%3A+The+Order+of+Saint+Patrick+and+its+Knights&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Unicorn+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-906290-23-6&rft.aulast=Galloway&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Irish_Crown_Jewels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Irish Crown Jewels">Irish Crown Jewels</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2008" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Sean J (29 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.eircom.net/~seanjmurphy/irhismys/jewels.htm">"A Centenary Report on the Theft of the Irish Crown Jewels in 1907"</a>. <i>Irish Historical Mysteries</i>. Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland: Centre for Irish Genealogical and Historical Studies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Historical+Mysteries&rft.atitle=A+Centenary+Report+on+the+Theft+of+the+Irish+Crown+Jewels+in+1907&rft.date=2008-04-29&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Sean+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.eircom.net%2F~seanjmurphy%2Firhismys%2Fjewels.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/crown_jewels/">"The Theft of the Irish 'Crown Jewels'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Online exhibitions</i>. Dublin: <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Ireland" title="National Archives of Ireland">National Archives of Ireland</a>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+exhibitions&rft.atitle=The+Theft+of+the+Irish+%27Crown+Jewels%27&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.ie%2Ftopics%2Fcrown_jewels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Crown+Jewels" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Dublin121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Dublin" title="Template:History of Dublin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Dublin" title="Template talk:History of Dublin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Dublin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Dublin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Dublin121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dublin" title="History of Dublin">History of Dublin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline and general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Dublin" title="Timeline of Dublin">Timeline of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Troubles_in_Dublin" title="Timeline of the Troubles in Dublin">Timeline of the Troubles in Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_and_preservation_in_Dublin" title="Development and preservation in Dublin">Development and preservation in Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Corporation" title="Dublin Corporation">Dublin Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Social_Season" title="Irish Social Season">Irish Social Season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Dublin" title="Local government in Dublin">Local government in Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Dublin" title="Lord Mayor of Dublin">Lord Mayor of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Dublin_City" title="Sheriff of Dublin City">Sheriff of Dublin City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streets_and_squares_in_Dublin" title="Streets and squares in Dublin">Streets and squares in Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Dublin" title="Cartography of Dublin">Historical maps of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Dublin" title="List of songs about Dublin">List of songs about Dublin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_of_the_Coat_of_Arms_of_Dublin_by_Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="the Coat of Arms of Dublin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Outline_of_the_Coat_of_Arms_of_Dublin_by_Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies.png/60px-Outline_of_the_Coat_of_Arms_of_Dublin_by_Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Outline_of_the_Coat_of_Arms_of_Dublin_by_Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies.png/90px-Outline_of_the_Coat_of_Arms_of_Dublin_by_Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Outline_of_the_Coat_of_Arms_of_Dublin_by_Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies.png/120px-Outline_of_the_Coat_of_Arms_of_Dublin_by_Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies.png 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1348" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Dublin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steine_of_Dublin" title="Steine of Dublin">Steine of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoggen_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoggen Green">Hoggen Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_slave_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin slave market">Dublin slave market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Mathew_Bridge" title="Father Mathew Bridge">Bridge of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Scandinavian_Dublin" title="Early Scandinavian Dublin">Early Scandinavian Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dublin_to_795" title="History of Dublin to 795">History of Dublin to 795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dublin" title="Kingdom of Dublin">Kingdom of Dublin</a> (c. 853-1170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Islandbridge" title="Battle of Islandbridge">Battle of Islandbridge</a> (919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Battle of Clontarf</a> (1014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Monday" title="Black Monday">Black Monday</a> (1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pale" title="The Pale">The Pale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnybrook_Fair" title="Donnybrook Fair">Donnybrook Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gates_of_Dublin" title="List of gates of Dublin">Gates of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin">St Patrick's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathbornes_Candles" title="Rathbornes Candles">Rathborne Candles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Audoen%27s_Church,_Dublin_(Church_of_Ireland)" title="St. Audoen's Church, Dublin (Church of Ireland)">St. Audoen's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Abbey,_Dublin" title="St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin">St. Mary's Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michan%27s_Church,_Dublin" title="St. Michan's Church, Dublin">St. Michan's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tholsel,_Dublin" title="The Tholsel, Dublin">The Tholsel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_O%27Neill_Challenge" title="Art O'Neill Challenge">Escape of Hugh Roe O'Donnell et al.</a> from Dublin Castle (1592)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> (est. 1592)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_gunpowder_explosion" title="Dublin gunpowder explosion">Dublin gunpowder explosion</a> (1597)</li> <li>Massacre of <a href="/wiki/Baldongan_Church" title="Baldongan Church">Baldongan Church</a> (1642)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rathmines" title="Battle of Rathmines">Battle of Rathmines</a> (1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dublin_(1649)" title="Siege of Dublin (1649)">Siege of Dublin</a> (1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_Dublin" title="Smithfield, Dublin">Smithfield Market</a> (mid-1600s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brazen_Head" title="The Brazen Head">The Brazen Head</a> (est. 1661)</li> <li>Disappearance of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ouzel_Galley" title="Ouzel Galley">Ouzel Galley</a></i> (1695)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick%27s_Coffee_House" title="Dick's Coffee House">Dick's Coffee House</a> (1698-1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dublin" title="Georgian Dublin">Georgian Architecture in Dublin</a> (1700s)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Wall" title="Great South Wall">Great South Wall</a> (1700s) and <a href="/wiki/Bull_Wall" title="Bull Wall">Bull Wall</a> (1820s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_election_riot" title="Dublin election riot">Dublin election riot</a> (1713)</li> <li>Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Luttrell_(Jacobite_commander)" title="Henry Luttrell (Jacobite commander)">Henry Luttrell</a> (1717)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drapier%27s_Letters" title="Drapier's Letters">Drapier's Letters</a> (1724-5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linenhall,_Dublin" title="Linenhall, Dublin">Linenhall</a> (1728-1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier_Hill" title="Montpelier Hill">Hell Fire Club</a> (1735-1741)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)#Dublin,_1742" title="Messiah (Handel)">Premiere of Handel's Messiah</a> (1742)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daly%27s_Club" title="Daly's Club">Daly's Club</a> (1750-1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Streets_Commission" title="Wide Streets Commission">Wide Streets Commission</a> (1758-1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness_Brewery" title="Guinness Brewery">Guinness Brewery</a> (est. 1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Dublin" title="City Hall, Dublin">Royal Exchange</a> (1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildare_Street_Club" title="Kildare Street Club">Kildare Street Club</a> (est. 1782)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crosbie" title="Richard Crosbie">Richard Crosbie's</a> balloon ascent (1785)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a> (Early 1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_quays" title="Dublin quays">Dublin quays</a> (1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">Irish Rebellion of 1803</a> (1803)</li> <li>Execution of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a> (1803)</li> <li>Construction of <a href="/wiki/Martello_towers_in_the_Greater_Dublin_Area" title="Martello towers in the Greater Dublin Area">Martello Towers</a> (1803-08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_Rochdale_and_Prince_of_Wales" title="Sinking of Rochdale and Prince of Wales">Sinking of Rochdale and Prince of Wales</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R115_road_(Ireland)" title="R115 road (Ireland)">Military Road</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Kingstown_Railway" title="Dublin and Kingstown Railway">Dublin and Kingstown Railway</a> (1834-56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a> (1836-1925)</li> <li>Sinking of the PS <i><a href="/wiki/PS_Queen_Victoria_(1838)" title="PS Queen Victoria (1838)">Queen Victoria</a></i> (1838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire_Harbour" title="Dún Laoghaire Harbour">Dún Laoghaire Harbour</a> (1842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">Hamilton's</a> eureka moment at <a href="/wiki/Broom_Bridge" title="Broom Bridge">Broom Bridge</a> (1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1845_Royal_Canal_disaster" title="1845 Royal Canal disaster">Sinking of the <i>Longford</i></a> on the Royal Canal (1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Industrial_Exhibition_(1853)" title="Great Industrial Exhibition (1853)">Great Industrial Exhibition</a> (1853)</li> <li>Sinking of the RMS <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Tayleur" title="RMS Tayleur">Tayleur</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monto" title="Monto">Monto (red light district)</a> (1860s-1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Monument,_Dublin" title="Wellington Monument, Dublin">Wellington Monument</a> (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Fire_Brigade" title="Dublin Fire Brigade">Dublin Fire Brigade</a> (est. 1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Arts_and_Manufactures" title="International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures">International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_tramways" title="Dublin tramways">Dublin tramways</a> (1872-1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_whiskey_fire" title="Dublin whiskey fire">Dublin whiskey fire</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Artisans%27_Dwellings_Company" title="Dublin Artisans' Dwellings Company">Dublin Artisans' Dwellings Company</a> (1876-1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park_Murders" title="Phoenix Park Murders">Phoenix Park Murders</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle_scandal" title="Dublin Castle scandal">Dublin Castle scandal</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingstown_lifeboat_disaster" title="Kingstown lifeboat disaster">Kingstown lifeboat disaster</a> (1895)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Howth_Tramway" title="Hill of Howth Tramway">Hill of Howth Tramway</a> (1901-59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_International_Exhibition" title="Irish International Exhibition">Irish International Exhibition</a> (1907)</li> <li>Theft of the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Theft">Irish Crown Jewels</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Lock-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Lock-out">Dublin Lock-out</a> (1913-14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_Walk_massacre" title="Bachelor's Walk massacre">Bachelor's Walk massacre</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howth_gun-running" title="Howth gun-running">Howth gun-running</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li>Introduction of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dublin_postal_districts" title="List of Dublin postal districts">Dublin Postal Districts</a> (1917)</li> <li>Sinking of the <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Leinster" title="RMS Leinster">RMS Leinster</a></i> (1918)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/First_D%C3%A1il" title="First Dáil">First Dáil</a> (1919-21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1920)" title="Bloody Sunday (1920)">Bloody Sunday</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Gang" title="Cairo Gang">Cairo Gang</a> (1920s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Custom_House" title="Burning of the Custom House">Burning of the Custom House</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumcondra_ambush" title="Drumcondra ambush">Drumcondra ambush</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dublin" title="Battle of Dublin">Battle of Dublin</a> (1922)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/Tailteann_Games_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)">Tailteann Games</a> (1924, 1928, 1932)</li> <li>Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins#Assassination" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a> (1927)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fields_(photographer)" title="Arthur Fields (photographer)">O'Connell Bridge photographer</a> (1930s-1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day#Modern_era" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day parade</a> (est. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Eucharistic_Congress" title="1932 Eucharistic Congress">1932 Eucharistic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Dublin_riot" title="1933 Dublin riot">1933 Dublin riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_Street_fire" title="Pearse Street fire">Pearse Street fire</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dublin_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Dublin in World War II">Bombing of Dublin in World War II</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggotonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Baggotonia">Baggotonia</a> (1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsday" title="Bloomsday">Bloomsday</a> commemorations (est. 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Housing_Action_Committee" title="Dublin Housing Action Committee">Dublin Housing Action Committee</a> (1960s-1970s)</li> <li>Destruction of <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Pillar#Destruction" title="Nelson's Pillar">Nelson's Pillar</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Studio_bombing" title="RTÉ Studio bombing">RTÉ Studio bombing</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Dublin_fires" title="1970 Dublin fires">Dublin fires</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraceptive_Train" title="Contraceptive Train">Contraceptive Train</a> (1971)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1981" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1981">1981</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1995" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1995">1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poolbeg_Generating_Station#Poolbeg_Chimneys" title="Poolbeg Generating Station">Poolbeg Chimneys</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_British_Embassy_in_Dublin" title="Burning of the British Embassy in Dublin">Burning of the British Embassy in Dublin</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_and_1973_Dublin_bombings" title="1972 and 1973 Dublin bombings">Dublin bombings</a> (1972-73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountjoy_Prison_helicopter_escape" title="Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape">Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Monaghan_Bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin and Monaghan Bombings">Dublin and Monaghan Bombings</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport_bombing" title="Dublin Airport bombing">Dublin Airport bombing</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Quay" title="Wood Quay">"Save Wood Quay"</a> (1978-79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_fire" title="Stardust fire">Stardust fire</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUBU" title="GUBU">"GUBU" (Malcolm MacArthur)</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Dublin Area Rapid Transit">Dublin Area Rapid Transit</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley_(1986)" title="Hurricane Charley (1986)">Hurricane Charley</a> flooding (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Aid" title="Self Aid">Self Aid</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_Against_the_Destruction_of_Dublin" title="Students Against the Destruction of Dublin">Students Against the Destruction of Dublin</a> (1987-91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Millennium">Dublin Millennium</a> celebrations (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Dublin)_Act_1993" title="Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993">Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_Road_football_riot" title="Lansdowne Road football riot">Lansdowne Road football riot</a> (1995)</li> <li>Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Veronica_Guerin#Assassination_and_funeral" title="Veronica Guerin">Veronica Guerin</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crumlin-Drimnagh_feud" title="Crumlin-Drimnagh feud">Crumlin-Drimnagh feud</a> (2000-2016)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/2003_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games" title="2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games">Special Olympics</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Dublin" title="Spire of Dublin">Spire of Dublin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luas" title="Luas">Luas</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Dublin_May_Day_protests" title="2004 Dublin May Day protests">May Day protests</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Dublin_riots" title="2006 Dublin riots">Dublin riots</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Port_Tunnel" title="Dublin Port Tunnel">Dublin Port Tunnel</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Ireland" title="Anti-austerity movement in Ireland">Anti-austerity</a> demonstrations (2008-15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ireland_floods" title="2008 Ireland floods">2008 floods</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublinbikes" title="Dublinbikes">Dublinbikes</a> (est. 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Bank_of_Ireland_robbery" title="2009 Bank of Ireland robbery">Bank of Ireland robbery</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M50_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M50 motorway (Ireland)">M50 motorway</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Police_training_explosives_incident" title="Slovak Police training explosives incident">Slovak Police training explosives incident</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Docks" title="Silicon Docks">Silicon Docks</a> (est. 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Dame_Street" title="Occupy Dame Street">Occupy Dame Street</a> (2011-12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutch%E2%80%93Kinahan_feud" title="Hutch–Kinahan feud">Hutch–Kinahan feud</a> (2015-to date)</li> <li>Occupation of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_House_(Dublin)" title="Apollo House (Dublin)">Apollo House</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Tech_Summit" title="Dublin Tech Summit">Dublin Tech Summit</a> (est. 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_British_Isles_cold_wave" title="2018 British Isles cold wave">The Beast from the East</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolock_feud" title="Coolock feud">Coolock feud</a> (2019-20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">COVID-19 pandemic</a> (2020-2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dublin_riots" title="2021 Dublin riots">Dublin riots</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_anti-immigration_protests_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish anti-immigration protests (2022–present)">Irish anti-immigration protests</a> (2022-to date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dublin_riot" title="2023 Dublin riot">Dublin mass stabbing & riot</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annual sporting events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Horse_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Horse Show">Dublin Horse Show</a> (est. 1864)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Football_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Football Championship">All-Ireland Football Final</a> (est. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardstown_Racecourse" title="Leopardstown Racecourse">Leopardstown Racecourse</a> (est. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park_Racecourse" title="Phoenix Park Racecourse">Phoenix Park Racecourse</a> (1902-1990)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Hurling_Final" title="All-Ireland Hurling Final">All-Ireland Hurling Final</a> (est. 1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Liffey_Swim" title="The Liffey Swim">Liffey Swim</a> (est. 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin%E2%80%93Limerick_hurling_rivalry" title="Dublin–Limerick hurling rivalry">Dublin–Limerick hurling rivalry</a> (1923 - to date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liffey_Descent_Canoe_Race" title="Liffey Descent Canoe Race">Liffey Descent canoe race</a> (est. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Marathon" title="Dublin Marathon">Dublin Marathon</a> (est. 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Mini_Marathon,_Dublin" title="Women's Mini Marathon, Dublin">Women's Mini Marathon</a> (est. 1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ireland_Run" title="Great Ireland Run">Great Ireland Run</a> (est. 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_O%27Neill_Challenge" title="Art O'Neill Challenge">Art O'Neill Challenge</a> (est. 2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crowns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Principal crowns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">St Edward's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_State_Crown" title="Imperial State Crown">Imperial State Crown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Consort crowns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Crown_of_Mary_of_Modena" title="State Crown of Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena's State Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Adelaide" title="Crown of Queen Adelaide">Queen Adelaide's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Alexandra" title="Crown of Queen Alexandra">Queen Alexandra's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Queen_Camilla" title="Crown of Queen Camilla">Queen Camilla's Crown (formerly Queen Mary's Crown)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Coronets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales">Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_George,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronet of George, Prince of Wales">Coronet of George, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales">Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_India" title="Imperial Crown of India">Imperial Crown of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Diamond_Crown_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria's Small Diamond Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Crown_of_George_IV" title="Coronation Crown of George IV">George IV's Coronation Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Crown_of_George_I" title="State Crown of George I">George I's State Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Crown_of_Charles_II" title="State Crown of Charles II">Charles II's State Crown</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_James_I" title="Crown of James I">James I's Crown</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown" title="Tudor Crown">Tudor Crown</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coronations robes<br />and ornaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Robes" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Robes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Spurs" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Spurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Armills" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Armills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Orbs" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Orbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Rings" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Sceptres" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Sceptres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precious stones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cullinan_Diamond" title="Cullinan Diamond">Cullinan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullinan_Diamond" title="Cullinan Diamond">Cullinan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koh-i-Noor" title="Koh-i-Noor">Koh-i-Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Prince%27s_Ruby" title="Black Prince's Ruby">Black Prince's Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Sapphire" title="St Edward's Sapphire">St Edward's Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Sapphire" title="Stuart Sapphire">Stuart Sapphire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anointing objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Anointing_objects" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Ampulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Spoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation Spoon">Coronation Spoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processional objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Swords" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Swords</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Curtana" title="Curtana">Curtana</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="St Edward's Staff">St Edward's Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Trumpets" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Trumpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_maces_in_the_British_Isles#Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial maces in the British Isles">Maces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plate and fonts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Altar_plate" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Altar plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Banqueting_plate" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Banqueting plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom#Christening_fonts" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Christening fonts</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lily_Font" title="Lily Font">Lily Font</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_Scotland" title="Honours of Scotland">Honours of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_the_Principality_of_Wales" title="Honours of the Principality of Wales">Honours of the Principality of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II%27s_jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II's jewels">Elizabeth II's jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Diadem" title="Diamond Diadem">Diamond Diadem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_H_of_Scotland" title="Great H of Scotland">Great H of Scotland</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_of_Great_Britain" title="Mirror of Great Britain">Mirror of Great Britain</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Brothers_(jewel)" title="Three Brothers (jewel)">The Three Brothers</a>†</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish Crown Jewels</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jeweller" title="Crown Jeweller">Crown Jeweller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left"><div>†Lost/destroyed</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regalia_and_crown_jewels_by_country153" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regalia_and_crown_jewels_by_country" title="Template:Regalia and crown jewels by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regalia_and_crown_jewels_by_country" title="Template talk:Regalia and crown jewels by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regalia_and_crown_jewels_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regalia and crown jewels by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regalia_and_crown_jewels_by_country153" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">Regalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_jewels" title="Crown jewels">crown jewels</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_Skanderbeg" title="Arms of Skanderbeg">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Crown_Jewels" title="Austrian Crown Jewels">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Regalia_of_Brazil" title="Imperial Regalia of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Bulgarian_monarch" title="Regalia of the Bulgarian monarch">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_crown_jewels" title="Bohemian crown jewels">Czechia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Danish_Crown_Regalia" title="Danish Crown Regalia">Denmark</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Crown_Jewels" title="French Crown Jewels">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Crown_Jewels" title="Georgian Crown Jewels">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Crown_Jewels" title="German Crown Jewels">Germany</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Crown_Jewels" title="Bavarian Crown Jewels">Bavaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Crown_Jewels" title="Prussian Crown Jewels">Prussia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Crown Jewels of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_crown_jewels" title="Greek crown jewels">Greece</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Regalia" title="Imperial Regalia">Holy Roman Empire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary" title="Holy Crown of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_National_Jewels" title="Iranian National Jewels">Iran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesoro_della_Corona_d%27Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Tesoro della Corona d'Italia">Italy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Crown of Lombardy">Lombardy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Naples">Naples</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sicily">Sicily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Crown_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corno_ducale" class="extiw" title="it:Corno ducale">Venice</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Regalia_of_Japan" title="Imperial Regalia of Japan">Japan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Malaysia" title="Regalia of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regalia_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regalia of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Netherlands" title="Regalia of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_Netherlands" title="Crown Jewels of the Netherlands">Jewellery</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Royal_Regalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Royal Regalia">Nigeria</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Norway" title="Regalia of Norway">Norway</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Crown Jewels">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Crown Jewels">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Romania" title="Regalia of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Russian_tsars" title="Regalia of the Russian tsars">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Serbia" title="Regalia of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Spain" title="Regalia of Spain">Spain</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_Sweden" title="Regalia of Sweden">Sweden</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Thai_monarch#Regalia" title="Coronation of the Thai monarch">Thailand</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_Scotland" title="Honours of Scotland">Scotland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_the_Principality_of_Wales" title="Honours of the Principality of Wales">Wales</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Extant monarchies in <b>bold</b></li> <li>Former or historical <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign states</a> shown in <i>italics</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&oldid=1268838160">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&oldid=1268838160</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1783_in_Ireland" title="Category:1783 in Ireland">1783 in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1907_in_Ireland" title="Category:1907 in Ireland">1907 in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchy of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Category:Monarchy of Ireland">Monarchy of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Ireland" title="Category:National symbols of Ireland">National symbols of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unsolved_crimes_in_Ireland" title="Category:Unsolved crimes in Ireland">Unsolved crimes in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Individual_thefts" title="Category:Individual thefts">Individual thefts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Robberies_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Robberies in the United Kingdom">Robberies in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_October_2013" title="Category:Use British English from October 2013">Use British English from October 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2023">Use dmy dates from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 January 2025, at 20:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_Crown_Jewels&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish Crown Jewels</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>7 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-fcdbc7f56-lq7t4","wgBackendResponseTime":133,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.649","walltime":"0.773","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11224,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":131054,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4376,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":151031,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 609.330 1 -total"," 24.23% 147.666 3 Template:Blockquote"," 22.16% 135.020 14 Template:Cite_web"," 18.25% 111.179 4 Template:Navbox"," 16.86% 102.721 4 Template:Inflation-fn"," 16.74% 102.025 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.50% 94.425 1 Template:History_of_Dublin"," 11.44% 69.710 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.69% 65.142 16 Template:Cite_book"," 9.51% 57.933 4 Template:Inflation"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.336","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5426499,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-dfbb5888d-pc95f","timestamp":"20250212133100","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Irish Crown Jewels","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Crown_Jewels","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1232202","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1232202","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-30T07:56:11Z","dateModified":"2025-01-11T20:21:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3a\/Irishcrownjewels.jpg","headline":"heavily jewelled star and badge regalia of the Sovereign and Grand Master of the Order of St. Patrick; stolen from Dublin Castle in 1907, and never recovered since"}</script> </body> </html>