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Stapni i klipni strojevi – Wikipedija

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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Stap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Stap</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stap-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Stap</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Klip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stapni i klipni strojevi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 34 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubkolbenmotor" title="Hubkolbenmotor – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hubkolbenmotor" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AF" title="محرك متردد – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محرك متردد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Коляно-мотовилков механизъм – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коляно-мотовилков механизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_moviment_alternatiu" title="Motor de moviment alternatiu – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Motor de moviment alternatiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADstov%C3%BD_motor" title="Pístový motor – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pístový motor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stempelmaskine" title="Stempelmaskine – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stempelmaskine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubkolbenmotor" title="Hubkolbenmotor – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hubkolbenmotor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reciprocating engine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%9Dta_motoro" title="Piŝta motoro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piŝta motoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_combusti%C3%B3n_interna_alternativo" title="Motor de combustión interna alternativo – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motor de combustión interna alternativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolbmootor" title="Kolbmootor – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolbmootor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="موتور رفت و برگشتی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور رفت و برگشتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4nt%C3%A4moottori" title="Mäntämoottori – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mäntämoottori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_%C3%A0_combustion_et_explosion" title="Moteur à combustion et explosion – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moteur à combustion et explosion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="प्रत्यागामी इंजन – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रत्यागामी इंजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_bakar_torak" title="Motor bakar torak – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Motor bakar torak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_a_movimento_alternativo" title="Motore a movimento alternativo – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Motore a movimento alternativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="レシプロエンジン – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レシプロエンジン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%EB%B3%B5_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="왕복 기관 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕복 기관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Эзэлхүүний бүлүүрт хөдөлгүүр – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эзэлхүүний бүлүүрт хөдөлгүүр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuigermotor" title="Zuigermotor – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuigermotor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stempelmotor" title="Stempelmotor – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stempelmotor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silnik_t%C5%82okowy" title="Silnik tłokowy – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Silnik tłokowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Поршневой двигатель внутреннего сгорания – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поршневой двигатель внутреннего сгорания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi" title="Stapni i klipni strojevi – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stapni i klipni strojevi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piestov%C3%BD_motor" title="Piestový motor – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Piestový motor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batni_motor" title="Batni motor – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Batni motor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolvmotor" title="Kolvmotor – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolvmotor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonlu_motor" title="Pistonlu motor – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pistonlu motor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Поршневий двигун внутрішнього згоряння – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поршневий двигун внутрішнього згоряння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86" title="متبادل انجن – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="متبادل انجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%80%E5%A4%8D%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="往复式发动机 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="往复式发动机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%80%E5%A4%8D%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="往复式发动机 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="往复式发动机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%80%E5%BE%A9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="往復式引擎 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="往復式引擎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q630010#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg/375px-Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg/500px-Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Motor_s_unutarnjim_izgaranjem" title="Motor s unutarnjim izgaranjem">Motor s unutarnjim izgaranjem</a> <br /> Dijelovi tipičnog <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cetverotaktni_motor" title="Četverotaktni motor">četverotaktnog motora</a>: <br /> <b>E</b> - Bregasto vratilo za otvaranje ispušnog ventila; <br /> <b>I</b> - Bregasto vratilo za otvaranje usisnog ventila; <br /> <b>S</b> - <a href="/wiki/Svje%C4%87ica" title="Svjećica">Svjećica</a>;<br /> <b>V</b> - <a href="/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil">Ventili</a> za usis i ispuh; <br /> <b>P</b> - <a href="/wiki/Klip_stroja" title="Klip stroja">Klip</a><br /> <b>R</b> - Klipnjača; <br /> <b>C</b> - <a href="/wiki/Koljenasto_vratilo" title="Koljenasto vratilo">Koljenasto vratilo</a>;<br /> <b>W</b> - <a href="/wiki/Hla%C4%91enje" title="Hlađenje">Hlađenje</a> vodom.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Steam_engine_nomenclature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Steam_engine_nomenclature.png/300px-Steam_engine_nomenclature.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Steam_engine_nomenclature.png/450px-Steam_engine_nomenclature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Steam_engine_nomenclature.png/600px-Steam_engine_nomenclature.png 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Shema stapnoga mehanizma kod <a href="/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Parni stroj">parnog stroja</a>: <br /> <b>1</b> – <a href="/wiki/Stap" title="Stap">Stap</a> <br /> <b>2</b> – Stapajica <br /> <b>3</b> – Križna glava <br /> <b>4</b> – Ojnica <br /> <b>5</b> – <a href="/wiki/Koljenasto_vratilo" title="Koljenasto vratilo">Koljenasto vratilo</a> <br /> <b>6</b> – Bregasto vratilo za usis ili ispuh ventila <br /> <b>7</b> – <a href="/wiki/Zama%C5%A1njak" title="Zamašnjak">Zamašnjak</a> <br /> <b>8</b> – Klizni <a href="/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil">ventil</a> <br /> <b>9</b> – <a href="/wiki/Centrifugalna_sila" title="Centrifugalna sila">Centrifugalni</a> regulator.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Stapni i klipni strojevi</b> su <a href="/wiki/Strojevi" title="Strojevi">strojevi</a> kod kojih se <a href="/wiki/Ekspanzija" class="mw-disambig" title="Ekspanzija">ekspanzijom</a> radnoga medija unutar <a href="/wiki/Cilindar" class="mw-disambig" title="Cilindar">cilindra</a> potiskuje <a href="/wiki/Stap" title="Stap">stap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Parni stroj">parni stroj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motor_s_unutarnjim_izgaranjem" title="Motor s unutarnjim izgaranjem">motor s unutarnjim izgaranjem</a>), a djelovanje <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a> potiskivanja pretvara se preko <a href="/wiki/Mehanizam" title="Mehanizam">mehanizma</a> u <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_rad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehanički rad">mehanički rad</a> <a href="/wiki/Vrtnja" title="Vrtnja">vrtnje</a> <a href="/wiki/Vratilo" title="Vratilo">vratila</a>, ili se, obrnuto, radni medij potiskuje stapom ili <a href="/wiki/Klip_stroja" title="Klip stroja">klipom</a> (stapna <a href="/wiki/Pumpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumpa">pumpa</a>, stapni <a href="/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor">kompresor</a>) koristeći se <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energijom</a> iz drugih izvora dovedenom preko mehanizma. Ovisno o tome giba li se u cilindru&#160;stap ili&#160;klip, razlikuju se stapni i klipni strojevi, a prijenos sile i <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">gibanja</a> odvija se stapnim ili klipnim mehanizmom. Tako su na primjer <a href="/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Parni stroj">parni strojevi</a> stapni, a <a href="/wiki/Benzinski_motor" title="Benzinski motor">Ottovi</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Dieselov_motor" title="Dieselov motor">Dieselovi motori s unutarnjim izgaranjem</a> klipni, premda ih se u nazivlju ponegdje ne razlikuje. Kod takvih je strojeva gibanje stapa (klipa) u cilindru <a href="/wiki/Oscilacije" title="Oscilacije">oscilatorna</a> ravnocrtna <a href="/wiki/Translacija" title="Translacija">translacija</a> (pravocrtno gibanje), koja se preko mehanizma pretvara u vrtnju vratila. Postoje i vrste strojeva koje imaju rotirajući stap (rotor), a gibanje se na vratilo ili s njega prenosi izravno ili preko <a href="/wiki/Zup%C4%8Danik" title="Zupčanik">zupčanika</a>. Među takve se ubrajaju na primjer pumpe s rotirajućim stapom ili <a href="/wiki/Wankelov_motor" title="Wankelov motor">Wankelov motor</a> s unutarnjim izgaranjem. Mehanizmi za pretvorbu translacijskoga gibanja klipa u rotaciju vratila izvode se dvojako: s križnom glavom i bez nje. Kod stapnoga mehanizma stap je povezan preko poluge (stapajica) s križnom glavom. Križna glava dio je koji kliže po vodilicama, pa se giba translacijski, jednako kao i stap, a s pomoću ravninskoga gibanja ojnice, to jest <a href="/wiki/Poluga" title="Poluga">poluge</a> koja povezuje križnu glavu i rukavce koljena&#160;<a href="/wiki/Koljenasto_vratilo" title="Koljenasto vratilo">koljenastoga vratila</a>, omogućuje se <a href="/wiki/Rotacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotacija">rotacija</a> vratila. Na taj se način prenosi <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sila</a> sa stapa na rukavce koljena, bez opterećenja stapa i cilindra radijalnim silama, već njih, kao dijelove uzdužne sile u ojnici, preuzima križna glava. Klipni mehanizam nema križne glave, već je klip zglobno vezan za polugu (klipnjača), koja se giba ravninski te prenosi i radijalne sile na klip. Kako bi se ravnomjerno prenijele sile s klipa na cilindar, klip je, za razliku od stapa, veće <a href="/wiki/Visina" title="Visina">visine</a> od <a href="/wiki/Promjer" title="Promjer">promjera</a>. Stapni i klipni mehanizmi imaju jednaku <a href="/wiki/Kinematika" title="Kinematika">kinematičku strukturu</a>, koja odgovara takozvanom zglobnomu četverokutu. Jednaki su im zakoni promjene <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanja</a>, kao i sila u članovima mehanizma, pa se ponegdje skupno nazivaju motornim mehanizmima s križnom glavom, ili bez nje.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stap">Stap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Stap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Stap"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Stap" title="Stap">Stap</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Stap</b> je dio stapnih i klipnih strojeva koji se ravnocrtno ili rotacijski giba unutar cilindra. U užem smislu, stapom se najčešće naziva dio stroja plosnata oblika koji se amo-tamo giba unutar cilindra <a href="/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Parni stroj">parnoga stroja</a>, stapnih <a href="/wiki/Crpka" class="mw-redirect" title="Crpka">pumpi</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor">kompresora</a>, dok se takav dio <a href="/wiki/Valjak" title="Valjak">valjkasta</a> oblika u većini <a href="/wiki/Motor_s_unutarnjim_izgaranjem" title="Motor s unutarnjim izgaranjem">motora s unutarnjim izgaranjem</a> naziva&#160;klipom, a rotacijski se element na primjer u <a href="/wiki/Wankelov_motor" title="Wankelov motor">Wankelovu motoru</a> naziva&#160;<a href="/wiki/Rotor" class="mw-disambig" title="Rotor">rotorom</a>. Kao dio stapnoga mehanizma spojen je s križnom glavom s pomoću stapajice, tako da u radijalnom smjeru ne prenosi sile na cilindar unutar kojega se giba.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klip">Klip</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Klip" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Klip"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Klip_stroja" title="Klip stroja">Klip stroja</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Klip</b>&#160;je&#160;stap duguljasta oblika, valjkasti dio <a href="/wiki/Stroj" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroj">stroja</a> koji klizi u cilindrima klipnih strojeva, bilo da ga potiskuje <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlak</a> radnoga medija u <a href="/wiki/Ekspanzija" class="mw-disambig" title="Ekspanzija">ekspanziji</a> (na primjer u klipnome motoru s unutarnjim izgaranjem), ili pak on sam potiskuje taj medij koristeći se <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energijom</a> iz drugih izvora (u klipnoj pumpi ili kompresoru). Klip je dio klipnoga mehanizma, kojim se ravnocrtno gibanje klipa pretvara u rotacijsko gibanje <a href="/wiki/Vratilo" title="Vratilo">vratila</a> klipnoga stroja.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>stapni i klipni strojevi</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=57817">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>stap</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=57813">[2]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>klip</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=31920">[3]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐6fdd9f9b88‐k7vzx Cached time: 20241130214301 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.066 seconds Real time usage: 0.092 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 164/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 963/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3305/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.019/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 644259/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 55.978 1 -total 77.49% 43.376 2 Predložak:Glavni 19.00% 10.635 1 Predložak:Izvori --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key hrwiki:pcache:557361:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241130214301 and revision id 6613687. 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