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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parni stroj</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 109 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoomenjin" title="Stoomenjin – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stoomenjin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampfmaschine" title="Dampfmaschine – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dampfmaschine" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquina_de_vapor" title="Maquina de vapor – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Maquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="भाप इंजन – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भाप इंजन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="محرك بخاري – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محرك بخاري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ভাপ ইঞ্জিন – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাপ ইঞ্জিন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_de_vapor" title="Máquina de vapor – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Máquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxar_ma%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1" title="Buxar maşını – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buxar maşını" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بوخار ماشینی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوخار ماشینی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Пар машинаһы – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пар машинаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Парасілавая ўстаноўка – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парасілавая ўстаноўка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Парасілавая ўстаноўка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парасілавая ўстаноўка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парна машина – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парна машина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="বাষ্পীয় ইঞ্জিন – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাষ্পীয় ইঞ্জিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanik_dre_vurezh" title="Mekanik dre vurezh – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mekanik dre vurezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parna_ma%C5%A1ina" title="Parna mašina – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Parna mašina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0quina_de_vapor" title="Màquina de vapor – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Màquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ӏаьнаран машен – čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьнаран машен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%DB%8C" title="بزوێنەری ھەڵمی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بزوێنەری ھەڵمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parn%C3%AD_stroj" title="Parní stroj – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parní stroj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiriant_ager" title="Peiriant ager – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peiriant ager" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampmaskine" title="Dampmaskine – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dampmaskine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampfmaschine" title="Dampfmaschine – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dampfmaschine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE" title="Ατμομηχανή – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατμομηχανή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Steam engine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporma%C5%9Dino" title="Vapormaŝino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vapormaŝino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_de_vapor" title="Máquina de vapor – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Máquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurumasin" title="Aurumasin – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aurumasin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrun-makina" title="Lurrun-makina – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrun-makina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="موتور بخار – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور بخار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6yrykone" title="Höyrykone – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Höyrykone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurumoodor" title="Aurumoodor – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aurumoodor" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_%C3%A0_vapeur" title="Machine à vapeur – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Machine à vapeur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoommasine" title="Stoommasine – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stoommasine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inneall_gaile" title="Inneall gaile – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Inneall gaile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machin_a_vap%C3%B2" title="Machin a vapò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Machin a vapò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inneal-sm%C3%B9ide" title="Inneal-smùide – škotski gaelski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Inneal-smùide" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski gaelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_de_vapor" title="Máquina de vapor – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Máquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="מנוע קיטור – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנוע קיטור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="भाप का इंजन – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भाप का इंजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaap_ingin" title="Bhaap ingin – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhaap ingin" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%91zg%C3%A9p" title="Gőzgép – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gőzgép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Շոգեմեքենա – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շոգեմեքենա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machina_de_vapor" title="Machina de vapor – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Machina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_uap" title="Mesin uap – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesin uap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporomashino" title="Vaporomashino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vaporomashino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gufuv%C3%A9l" title="Gufuvél – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gufuvél" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_a_vapore" title="Motore a vapore – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Motore a vapore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%97%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="蒸気機関 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蒸気機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiim_injin" title="Stiim injin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Stiim injin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_uwab" title="Mesin uwab – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mesin uwab" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feveku_%C3%B1%C9%A9%C9%A3y%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Feveku ñɩɣyʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Feveku ñɩɣyʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бу машинасы – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бу машинасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಉಗಿಯಂತ್ರ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಗಿಯಂತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EA%B8%B0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="증기기관 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="증기기관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Буу машинасы – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Буу машинасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machina_vaporaria" title="Machina vaporaria – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Machina vaporaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_a_vapor" title="Motor a vapor – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Motor a vapor" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garo_ma%C5%A1ina" title="Garo mašina – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Garo mašina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvaika_dzin%C4%93js" title="Tvaika dzinējs – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tvaika dzinējs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парна машина – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парна машина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ആവിയന്ത്രം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവിയന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Уурын машин – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уурын машин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वाफेचे इंजिन – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वाफेचे इंजिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjin_wap" title="Enjin wap – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Enjin wap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရေနွေးငွေ့ အင်ဂျင် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေနွေးငွေ့ အင်ဂျင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वाष्प इन्जिन – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वाष्प इन्जिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="स्टिम इन्जिन – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्टिम इन्जिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoommachine" title="Stoommachine – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stoommachine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampmaskin" title="Dampmaskin – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dampmaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampmaskin" title="Dampmaskin – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dampmaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquina_de_vapor" title="Maquina de vapor – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A3" title="ਭਾਫ਼ ਦਾ ਇੰਜਣ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਫ਼ ਦਾ ਇੰਜਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silnik_parowy" title="Silnik parowy – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Silnik parowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86" title="بھاف آلا انجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھاف آلا انجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DA%93%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86" title="د بړاس ماشين – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د بړاس ماشين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_a_vapor" title="Motor a vapor – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motor a vapor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapsi_kuyuchina" title="Wapsi kuyuchina – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wapsi kuyuchina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_cu_abur" title="Motor cu abur – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Motor cu abur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Паровая машина – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паровая машина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парова машына – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Парова машына" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D8%A7%DA%A6_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DA%BB" title="ٻاڦ وارو انجڻ – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻاڦ وارو انجڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parna_ma%C5%A1ina" title="Parna mašina – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Parna mašina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Steam engine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parn%C3%BD_stroj" title="Parný stroj – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parný stroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Parni stroj – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Parni stroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makina_me_avull" title="Makina me avull – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Makina me avull" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парна машина – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парна машина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngmaskin" title="Ångmaskin – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ångmaskin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injini_ya_mvuke" title="Injini ya mvuke – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Injini ya mvuke" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="நீராவிப் பொறி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீராவிப் பொறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఆవిరి యంత్రం – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆవిరి యంత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="เครื่องจักรไอน้ำ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องจักรไอน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makinang_pinasisingawan" title="Makinang pinasisingawan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Makinang pinasisingawan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhar_makinesi" title="Buhar makinesi – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buhar makinesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu_y%C3%B6rtke%C3%A7e_(ma%C5%9Fina)" title="Bu yörtkeçe (maşina) – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Bu yörtkeçe (maşina)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ھور ماشىنىسى – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھور ماشىنىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парова машина – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парова машина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86" title="دخانی انجن – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دخانی انجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%CA%BB_mashinasi" title="Bugʻ mashinasi – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bugʻ mashinasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puruma%C5%A1in" title="Purumašin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Purumašin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_h%C6%A1i_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Động cơ hơi nước – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động cơ hơi nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makina_nga_ginpapaalisngawan" title="Makina nga ginpapaalisngawan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Makina nga ginpapaalisngawan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%9C%BA" title="蒸汽机 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒸汽机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8" title="דאמפמאטאר – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאמפמאטאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%9C%BA" title="蒸汽机 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒸汽机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng-kh%C3%AC_ki-koan" title="Cheng-khì ki-koan – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cheng-khì ki-koan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%A9%9F" title="蒸汽機 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蒸汽機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilumbamdiki_somusi" title="Isilumbamdiki somusi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isilumbamdiki somusi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Parni_stroj&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parni_stroj"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parni_stroj"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Parni_stroj" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Parni_stroj" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&oldid=6599383" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Parni_stroj&id=6599383&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Steam_engine_nomenclature.png/450px-Steam_engine_nomenclature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Steam_engine_nomenclature.png/600px-Steam_engine_nomenclature.png 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Shema <a href="/wiki/Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi" title="Stapni i klipni strojevi">stapnoga mehanizma</a> kod parnog stroja: <br /> <b>1</b> – <a href="/wiki/Stap" title="Stap">Stap</a> <br /> <b>2</b> – Stapajica <br /> <b>3</b> – Križna glava <br /> <b>4</b> – Ojnica <br /> <b>5</b> – <a href="/wiki/Koljenasto_vratilo" title="Koljenasto vratilo">Koljenasto vratilo</a> <br /> <b>6</b> – Bregasto vratilo za usis ili ispuh ventila <br /> <b>7</b> – <a href="/wiki/Zama%C5%A1njak" title="Zamašnjak">Zamašnjak</a> <br /> <b>8</b> – Klizni <a href="/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil">ventil</a> <br /> <b>9</b> – <a href="/wiki/Centrifugalni_regulator" title="Centrifugalni regulator">Centrifugalni regulator</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Steam_engine_in_action.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Steam_engine_in_action.gif/300px-Steam_engine_in_action.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Steam_engine_in_action.gif/450px-Steam_engine_in_action.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Steam_engine_in_action.gif/600px-Steam_engine_in_action.gif 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Parni stroj u radu.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:20070616_Dampfmaschine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/20070616_Dampfmaschine.jpg/300px-20070616_Dampfmaschine.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/20070616_Dampfmaschine.jpg/450px-20070616_Dampfmaschine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/20070616_Dampfmaschine.jpg/600px-20070616_Dampfmaschine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Wattov</a> parni stroj iz 1848.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Aeolipile_illustration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Aeolipile_illustration.png/300px-Aeolipile_illustration.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Aeolipile_illustration.png/450px-Aeolipile_illustration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Aeolipile_illustration.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz <a href="/wiki/Heronova_kugla" title="Heronova kugla">Heronove kugle</a> ili eolipile.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Parni stroj</b> je <a href="/wiki/Toplinski_stroj" title="Toplinski stroj">toplinski stroj</a> koji <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiju</a> <a href="/wiki/Vodena_para" title="Vodena para">vodene pare</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekspanzija" class="mw-disambig" title="Ekspanzija">ekspanzijom</a> pretvara u <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_rad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehanički rad">mehanički rad</a>. Po konstrukcijskoj izvedbi pripada među <a href="/wiki/Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi" title="Stapni i klipni strojevi">stapne strojeve</a>. Para se proizvodi u <a href="/wiki/Kotao" title="Kotao">kotlu</a> te dovodi u <a href="/wiki/Cilindar" class="mw-disambig" title="Cilindar">cilindar</a>, gdje obavlja rad djelovanjem <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a> na jednu stranu <a href="/wiki/Stap" title="Stap">stapa</a> (jednoradni parni stroj), ili naizmjence na jednu pa na drugu stranu stapa (dvoradni parni stroj), potiskujući stap amo-tamo. Radni ciklus jednoradnoga parnog stroja započinje kada se stap nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Gornja_mrtva_to%C4%8Dka_(mehanika)" title="Gornja mrtva točka (mehanika)">gornjem, takozvanom mrtvom položaju</a>, uz otvoren dovod, a zatvoren odvod pare. Djelovanjem pare stap se pomiče do <a href="/wiki/Donja_mrtva_to%C4%8Dka_(mehanika)" title="Donja mrtva točka (mehanika)">donjega mrtvog položaja</a>, kada se zatvara dovod, a otvara odvod pare iz cilindra. Energiju potrebnu za vraćanje stapa natrag te za istiskivanje većega dijela preostale pare iz cilindra svojom inercijom (<a href="/wiki/Tromost" title="Tromost">tromost</a>) daje teški željezni kotač <a href="/wiki/Zama%C5%A1njak" title="Zamašnjak">zamašnjak</a>. Kod dvoradnoga stroja <a href="/wiki/Konstrukcija" title="Konstrukcija">konstrukcija</a> cilindra omogućuje izmjenično uvođenje pare, s jedne pa s druge strane stapa. Zbog toga, za istiskivanje pare nije potrebno preuzimati energiju od zamašnjaka, ali se ovaj ipak rabi za postizanje jednakomjerna rada stroja. Pravocrtno gibanje stapa između krajnjih položaja u cilindru, najčešće se pretvara u rotacijsko gibanje pogonskoga <a href="/wiki/Vratilo" title="Vratilo">vratila</a>. Za to služi mehanizam koji se sastoji od motke vezane za stap (stapajica), križne glave s kliznom papučom, te ojnice, koja je na jednoj strani zglobno povezana s križnom glavom, a na drugoj s <a href="/wiki/Koljenasto_vratilo" title="Koljenasto vratilo">koljenastim vratilom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stapni_i_klipni_strojevi" title="Stapni i klipni strojevi">stapni i klipni strojevi</a>). Radom razvodnika, to jest dovođenjem i odvođenjem pare iz cilindra, upravlja ekscentar pričvršćen na koljenasto vratilo. Takav jednocilindričan stroj sa stapom u mrtvom položaju ne može se sam pokrenuti, pa se često izvode strojevi kod kojih na istom koljenastom vratilu rade dva ili više cilindara (višecilindrični stroj), kojima su ojnice međusobno prostorno zakrenute. Parni strojevi koji paru iz cilindra izbacuju u <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosferu</a> su ispušni strojevi, za razliku od kondenzacijskih strojeva, kod kojih se ona, pošto obavi rad u cilindru, kondenzira u <a href="/wiki/Parni_kondenzator" title="Parni kondenzator">parnom kondenzatoru</a>. S obzirom na položaj središnje osi stapa i cilindra, parni stroj može biti vertikalan (stojeći parni stroj) ili horizontalan (ležeći parni stroj).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parni stroj je <a href="/wiki/Toplinski_stroj" title="Toplinski stroj">toplinski stroj</a> s vanjskim izgaranjem koji <a href="/wiki/Entalpija" title="Entalpija">entalpiju</a> <a href="/wiki/Vodena_para" title="Vodena para">vodene pare</a> pretvara u <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_rad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehanički rad">mehanički rad</a>. Jednostavnije rečeno, parni stroj je <a href="/wiki/Stroj" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroj">stroj</a> koji energiju <a href="/wiki/Vodena_para" title="Vodena para">vodene pare</a> koja se proizvodi u <a href="/wiki/Parni_kotao" class="mw-redirect" title="Parni kotao">parnim kotlovima</a> pretvara u <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_rad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehanički rad">mehanički rad</a>. Bitno je napomenuti da je <a href="/wiki/Obujam" title="Obujam">obujam</a> (volumen) <a href="/wiki/Vodena_para" title="Vodena para">vodene pare</a> već na 100 <a href="/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij">°C</a> oko 1 700 puta veći od obujma tekuće <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svojstva i djelovanje vodene pare bili su poznati već u starom vijeku; <a href="/wiki/Heron" title="Heron">Heron</a> Aleksandrijski već je u 1. stoljeću pr. Kr. konstruirao različite uređaje koje je pokretala vruća para (<a href="/wiki/Heronova_kugla" title="Heronova kugla">Heronova kugla</a> ili eolipile). No tek potkraj 17. stoljeća <a href="/wiki/Denis_Papin" title="Denis Papin">Denis Papin</a> konstruirao je prvi stroj donekle nalik parnomu stroju; prve uporabljive parne strojeve konstruirali su engleski inženjeri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Savery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Savery (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Savery</a> (1650. – 1715.) i <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newcomen" title="Thomas Newcomen">Thomas Newcomen</a> (1663. – 1729.), a prvi parni stroj nalik suvremenima izradio je <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> u drugoj polovici 18. stoljeća. Prvi parni industrijski stroj koji je radio u praksi konstruirao je njegov izumitelj <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newcomen" title="Thomas Newcomen">Thomas Newcomen</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tipton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tipton (stranica ne postoji)">Tiptonu</a> u Staffordshireu <a href="/wiki/1712." title="1712.">1712.</a> u Engleskoj. Taj je <a href="/wiki/Stroj" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroj">stroj</a> crpio <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodu</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Rudnik" title="Rudnik">rudnika</a> Conevgre Colliery vlasništvo grofa Dudleyja više od 30 godina. Thomas Newcomen je bio trgovac željeznom robom u Dartmouthu. Dobro je poznavao rudnike <a href="/wiki/Kositar" title="Kositar">kositra</a> u <a href="/wiki/Devon" class="mw-disambig" title="Devon">Devonu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornwall">Cornwallu</a> i njihov najteži problem - kako ukloniti vodu iz rudničkih rovova koja ih je neprekidno plavila. Odlučio je pronaći rješenje, ali mu je trebalo 10 godina vršenja <a href="/wiki/Pokus" title="Pokus">pokusa</a> prije no što je naišao na odgovor koji ga je zadovoljio. Međutim, čak ni taj <a href="/wiki/Stroj" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroj">stroj</a> nisu htjeli prihvatiti kornvalski rudari, jer je trošio vrlo mnogo <a href="/wiki/Ugljen" title="Ugljen">ugljena</a>, a ovaj se morao uvoziti preko mora pa je bio veoma skup. Prvi korisnici Newcomenovog parnog stroja bili su vlasnici <a href="/wiki/Rudnik" title="Rudnik">rudnika</a> na području Midlanda, koji su također bili suočeni s problemom uklanjanja vode iz rudničkih rovova. Newcomen je prvi čovjek koji je s uspjehom koristio pokrete klipa u stublini, a njegov stroj izgrađen godine <a href="/wiki/1712." title="1712.">1712.</a> bio je neosporno predak svih strojeva toga tipa. Igrao je veliku ulogu u britanskoj industrijskoj revoluciji. <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> nije izumio parni stroj, kako se to općenito smatra. On je zaslužan za znatno usavršavanje u radnom učinku stroja time što je kondenzirao <a href="/wiki/Para" title="Para">paru</a> u posebnoj zatvorenoj posudi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">R. Fulton</a> je 1807. upotrijebio parni stroj za pogon prvoga komercijalnog <a href="/wiki/Parobrod" title="Parobrod">parobroda</a>, a nešto poslije, <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">G. Stephenson</a> za pogon prve <a href="/wiki/Parna_lokomotiva" title="Parna lokomotiva">parne lokomotive</a>. Isprva su za pogon parnoga stroja bili korišteni <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlakovi</a> pare neznatno viši od <a href="/wiki/Atmosferski_tlak" title="Atmosferski tlak">atmosferskoga</a> (oko 10<sup>3</sup> k<a href="/wiki/Pa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa">Pa</a> ili 1,02 <a href="/wiki/Standardna_atmosfera" title="Standardna atmosfera">atm</a>). Na prijelazu iz 18. u 19. stoljeće, kada su <a href="/wiki/Kotao" title="Kotao">parni kotlovi</a> bili toliko usavršeni da su mogli proizvoditi paru znatno viših tlakova, britanski izumitelj <a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick">Richard Trevithick</a> (1771. – 1833.) izgradio je prve visokotlačne parne strojeve s tlakom od 207 kPa (2 atm), a 1815. američki izumitelj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliver_Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliver Evans (stranica ne postoji)">Oliver Evans</a> (1755. – 1819.) počeo je graditi parne strojeve s tlakom od približno 1 400 kPa (14 atm); današnji parni strojevi najčešće koriste tlakove više od 7 000 kPa (69 atm). Primjena parnoga stroja pokrenula je snažan napredak tehnike te donijela korjenite promjene u načinu <a href="/wiki/Proizvodnja" title="Proizvodnja">proizvodnje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Prijevoz" class="mw-redirect" title="Prijevoz">prijevoza</a> pa ga se općenito smatra pokretačem <a href="/wiki/Industrijska_revolucija" title="Industrijska revolucija">industrijske revolucije</a>. Danas su <a href="/wiki/Parna_turbina" title="Parna turbina">parne turbine</a> i <a href="/wiki/Motori_s_unutarnjim_izgaranjem" class="mw-redirect" title="Motori s unutarnjim izgaranjem">motori s unutarnjim izgaranjem</a> zamijenili parne strojeve zbog većih izlaznih <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snaga</a>, većega <a href="/wiki/Stupanj_iskori%C5%A1tenja" title="Stupanj iskorištenja">stupnja djelovanja</a> i razmjerno manje <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">mase</a>, ali se parni strojevi još uvijek koriste u nekim zemljama, posebice za pogon <a href="/wiki/Lokomotiva" title="Lokomotiva">lokomotiva</a>. Danas se razvija uporaba parnoga stroja za iskorištavanje <a href="/wiki/Obnovljiva_energija" title="Obnovljiva energija">alternativnih energetskih izvora</a> (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Biomasa" title="Biomasa">biomase</a>) u području malih strojeva većih izlaznih snaga, kao i za pokretna postrojenja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>parni stroj</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=46756">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parni_stroj&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tehnika.lzmk.hr/parni-stroj/">Parni stroj</a> Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija, portal hrvatske tehničke baštine. <a href="/wiki/LZMK" class="mw-redirect" title="LZMK">LZMK</a></li></ul> <table border="0" class="noprint" style="clear: right; 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