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class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin_of_erotic_manga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_erotic_manga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Origin of erotic manga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_erotic_manga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_erotic_anime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_erotic_anime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Origin of erotic anime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_erotic_anime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_erotic_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_erotic_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Origin of erotic games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_erotic_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Censorship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Societal_effects_of_hentai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Societal_effects_of_hentai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Societal effects of hentai </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Societal_effects_of_hentai-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Societal effects of hentai subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Societal_effects_of_hentai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rape_myths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rape_myths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Rape myths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rape_myths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_fetishization_of_Asian_women_in_hentai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_fetishization_of_Asian_women_in_hentai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Racial fetishization of Asian women in hentai </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_fetishization_of_Asian_women_in_hentai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals_of_Japanese_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals_of_Japanese_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Portrayals of Japanese women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals_of_Japanese_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_fetishization_of_Japanese_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_fetishization_of_Japanese_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Racial fetishization of Japanese women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_fetishization_of_Japanese_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Classification </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Classification subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Genres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Hentai</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" > 59 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="هنتاي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنتاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="হেনটাই – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হেনটাই" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="হেনতাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হেনতাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хентай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хентай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хентай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хентай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧེན་ཐའེ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧེན་ཐའེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Χεντάι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χεντάι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentajo" title="Hentajo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hentajo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="هنتای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنتای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A8%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4" title="헨타이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헨타이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="हेंताई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हेंताई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99" title="הנטאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנטאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="ჰენტაი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰენტაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хентай – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хентай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Хентаи – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хентаи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4" title="ヘンタイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘンタイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хентай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хентай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="ھێنتای – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێنتای" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Хентај – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хентај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="เฮ็นไต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฮ็นไต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хентай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хентай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hentai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%85%8B_(%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E)" title="變態 (色情用語) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="變態 (色情用語)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anime and manga pornography</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hentai_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hentai (disambiguation)">Hentai (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akihabara_August_2014_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Akihabara_August_2014_07.JPG/220px-Akihabara_August_2014_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Akihabara_August_2014_07.JPG/330px-Akihabara_August_2014_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Akihabara_August_2014_07.JPG/440px-Akihabara_August_2014_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A wide variety of hentai merchandise is commonly sold in specialized stores in Japan.</figcaption></figure> Hentai (Japanese: ヘンタイ) is a style of <a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Japan" title="Pornography in Japan">Japanese pornographic</a> <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>. 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239945135">.mw-parser-output .anime-and-manga .sidebar-pretitle,.mw-parser-output .anime-and-manga .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,.mw-parser-output .anime-and-manga .sidebar-heading{background:lavender}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist anime-and-manga"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Anime_eye.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Anime_eye.svg/70px-Anime_eye.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Anime_eye.svg/105px-Anime_eye.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Anime_eye.svg/140px-Anime_eye.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Anime</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anime" title="History of anime">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_acting_in_Japan" title="Voice acting in Japan">Voice acting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_companies" title="List of anime companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_animation_studios" title="List of Japanese animation studios">Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_video_animation" title="Original video animation">Original video animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_net_animation" title="Original net animation">Original net animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fansub" title="Fansub">Fansub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandub" title="Fandub">Fandub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_anime" title="Lists of anime">Lists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_series_by_episode_count" title="List of anime series by episode count">Longest series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_franchises_by_episode_count" title="List of anime franchises by episode count">Longest franchises</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Manga</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_manga" title="History of manga">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manga_publishers" title="List of manga publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_outside_Japan" title="Manga outside Japan">International market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_artist" title="Manga artist">Manga artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_manga" title="Alternative manga">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gekiga" title="Gekiga">Gekiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heta-uma" title="Heta-uma">Heta-uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(manga)" title="New Wave (manga)">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonkoma" title="Yonkoma">Yonkoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_iconography" title="Manga iconography">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanlation" title="Scanlation">Scanlation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_cafe" title="Manga cafe">Manga cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_manga" title="Lists of manga">Lists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_manga" title="List of best-selling manga">Best-selling series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manga_series_by_volume_count" title="List of manga series by volume count">Longest series</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Demographic groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anime_and_manga_by_genre" title="Category:Anime and manga by genre">Genres</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bara_(genre)" title="Bara (genre)">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys%27_love" title="Boys' love">Boys' love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_manga" title="Cooking manga">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyashikei" title="Iyashikei">Iyashikei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otomechikku" title="Otomechikku">Otomechikku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryona" title="Ryona">Ryona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_manga" title="Sports manga">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teens%27_love" title="Teens' love">Teens' love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manga_artists" title="List of manga artists">Manga artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_directors" title="List of anime directors">Anime directors</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anime_and_manga_fandom" title="Anime and manga fandom">Fandom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi" title="Doujinshi">Doujinshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_shop" title="Doujin shop">Doujin shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi_printer" title="Doujinshi printer">Doujinshi printer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime convention">Conventions</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anime conventions">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_club" title="Anime club">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">Cosplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_music_video" title="Anime music video">Anime music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">Otaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi_fandom" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi fandom">Yaoi fandom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">General</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_anime_and_manga" title="Glossary of anime and manga">Glossary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hentai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moe_(slang)" title="Moe (slang)">Moe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijikon" title="Nijikon">Nijikon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2.5D_musical" title="2.5D musical">2.5D musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_song" title="Anime song">Anime song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime-influenced_animation" title="Anime-influenced animation">Anime-influenced animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyAnimeList" title="MyAnimeList">MyAnimeList</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/File:Wikipe-tan_face.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipe-tan_face.svg/16px-Wikipe-tan_face.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipe-tan_face.svg/24px-Wikipe-tan_face.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipe-tan_face.svg/32px-Wikipe-tan_face.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="440" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anime_and_manga" title="Portal:Anime and manga">Anime and manga portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anime_and_manga" title="Template:Anime and manga"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anime_and_manga" title="Template talk:Anime and manga"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anime_and_manga" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anime and manga"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The development of hentai has been influenced by Japanese cultural and historical attitudes toward <a href="/wiki/Sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality">sexuality</a>. Hentai works, which are often self-published, form a significant portion of the market for <a href="/wiki/Doujin" title="Doujin">doujin</a> works, including <a href="/wiki/Doujinshi" title="Doujinshi">doujinshi</a>. Numerous subgenres exist depicting a variety of sexual acts and relationships, as well as novel <a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">fetishes</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div> In sexual contexts, hentai carries additional meanings of "<a href="/wiki/Perversion" title="Perversion">perversion</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Abnormality_(behavior)" title="Abnormality (behavior)">abnormality</a>", especially when used as an adjective;<a href="#cite_note-Livia-1">[1]</a>: 99  in these uses, it is the shortened form of the phrase hentai seiyoku (変態性欲) which means "sexual perversion".<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> The character hen is a catch-all for queerness as a peculiarity—it does not carry an explicit sexual reference.<a href="#cite_note-Livia-1">[1]</a>: 99  While the term has expanded in use to cover a range of publications including homosexual publications,<a href="#cite_note-Livia-1">[1]</a>: 107  it remains primarily a heterosexual term, as terms indicating homosexuality entered Japan as <a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">foreign words</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Livia-1">[1]</a>: 100 <a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Japan" title="Pornography in Japan">Japanese pornographic works</a> are often simply tagged as 18-kin (18禁, '18-prohibited'), meaning "prohibited to those not yet 18 years old", and seijin manga (成人漫画, "adult manga").<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> Less official terms also in use include <a href="/wiki/Erotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic">ero</a> anime (エロアニメ), ero manga (エロ漫画), and the English initialism AV (for "adult video"). Usage of the term hentai does not define a genre in Japan. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg/90px-The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg/135px-The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg/180px-The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>The word hentai written in <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a></figcaption></figure> Hentai is defined differently in English. The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford Dictionary Online</a> defines it as "a subgenre of the Japanese genres of manga and anime, characterized by overtly sexualized characters and sexually explicit images and plots."<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The origin of the word in English is unknown, but <a href="/wiki/AnimeNation" title="AnimeNation">AnimeNation</a>'s John Oppliger points to the early 1990s, when a <a href="/wiki/Dirty_Pair" title="Dirty Pair">Dirty Pair</a> erotic <a href="/wiki/Doujinshi" title="Doujinshi">doujinshi</a> (self-published work) titled H-Bomb was released, and when many websites sold access to images culled from Japanese erotic <a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">visual novels</a> and games.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The earliest English use of the term traces back to the rec.arts.anime boards; with a 1990 post concerning <a href="/wiki/Happosai" class="mw-redirect" title="Happosai">Happosai</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ranma_%C2%BD" title="Ranma ½">Ranma ½</a> and the first discussion of the meaning in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> A 1995 glossary on the rec.arts.anime boards contained reference to the Japanese usage and the evolving definition of hentai as "pervert" or "perverted sex".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The Anime Movie Guide, published in 1997, defines "<a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">ecchi</a>" (エッチ, etchi) as the initial sound of hentai (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Ecchi#H" title="Ecchi">the name of the letter H</a>, as pronounced in Japanese); it included that ecchi was "milder than hentai".<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> A year later it was defined as a genre in Good Vibrations Guide to Sex.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> At the beginning of 2000, "hentai" was listed as the 41st most-popular search term of the internet, while "anime" ranked 99th.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The attribution has been applied retroactively to works such as <a href="/wiki/Urotsukid%C5%8Dji" title="Urotsukidōji">Urotsukidōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Blue_Girl" title="La Blue Girl">La Blue Girl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cool_Devices" title="Cool Devices">Cool Devices</a>. Urotsukidōji had previously been described with terms such as "Japornimation",<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Ero_guro" title="Ero guro">erotic grotesque</a>",<a href="#cite_note-wp-12">[12]</a> prior to being identified as hentai.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Development of the term "Hentai"<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji period</a> (1868–1912) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hysteria" title="Hysteria">Hysteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917s </td> <td>Abnormal sexual desire. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920s–1930s </td> <td>Perverted sexuality. Topics related to homosexual relationships. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940s–1950s </td> <td>Hentai seiyoku or "perverted desires". Homosexual relationships are still a major theme. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960s </td> <td>The term becomes increasingly heterosexualised. The word "ecchi/etchi" appears for the first time. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970s and afterwards </td> <td>Development into a loanword in English with its own meaning, referring to a specific pornographic genre. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000s </td> <td>In Japan, refers to male heterosexual perversion rather than a wide range of sexual practices and identities. Also refers to the cartoon genre. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_homosexual_couple_Hentai_shiry%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Male_homosexual_couple_Hentai_shiry%C5%8D.jpg/170px-Male_homosexual_couple_Hentai_shiry%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Male_homosexual_couple_Hentai_shiry%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of a male homosexual couple from the January 1928 edition of Hentai shiryō</figcaption></figure> 変態 (hentai; <a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">shinjitai</a>; (<span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/51\/Ja-Hentai.oga\/Ja-Hentai.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-Hentai.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Ja-Hentai.oga/Ja-Hentai.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">listen</a><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-Hentai.oga" title="File:Ja-Hentai.oga">ⓘ</a>)) derives from 變態 (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">classical Chinese</a>, also <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">kyūjitai</a>), which is attested in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">classical Chinese</a> texts.<a href="#cite_note-hannom-16">[16]</a> It functioned as a verbal phrase, from its two component <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morphemes</a>, 變 meaning "to change" and 態 meaning "state" or "condition," hence "to change from a state to another." Literal one-to-one English translations for this would be <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transform#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:transform">transform</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metamorph#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:metamorph">metamorph</a>, wherein <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trans-#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:trans-">trans-</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meta-#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:meta-">meta-</a> correspond to 變, while <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/form#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:form">form</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/morph#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:morph">morph</a> to 態.This meaning is attested in <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Japanese" title="Early Middle Japanese">early Middle Japanese</a> and later texts.<a href="#cite_note-kotobank-17">[17]</a> In Chinese, 變 is primarily a verb meaning to "change," and secondarily a noun meaning "troublesome event,"<a href="#cite_note-hannom-16">[16]</a> but in Japanese, it was extended to an <a href="/wiki/Adjectival_noun_(Japanese)" title="Adjectival noun (Japanese)">adjectival noun</a> meaning "different," "unusual" or "strange"<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> (compare other compounds such as hentai (變體, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'unusual form') as in <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">hentaigana</a> (變體假名), and henkaku (變格, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'unusual style') as in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_irregular_verbs" title="Japanese irregular verbs">henkaku katsuyō</a> (變格活用)). This led 變態 to become a noun phrase meaning "strange state," thus "abnormality,"<a href="#cite_note-kotobank-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-kenkyusha-19">[19]</a> instead of the original "to change to another state," in modern Japanese<a href="#cite_note-kotobank-17">[17]</a> and Chinese<a href="#cite_note-hannom-16">[16]</a> publications, particularly in psychology and physiology. A psychological application of this meaning is found in the phrase 変態性欲 (hentai seiyoku <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'abnormal sexual desire'<a href="#cite_note-kenkyusha-19">[19]</a>), which has been cited as being shortened back to just 変態.<a href="#cite_note-kotobank-17">[17]</a> Yet another meaning, "<a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis" title="Metamorphosis">metamorphosis</a>," which resemebles the original one, was first adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Entomological_Society_of_Japan" title="Entomological Society of Japan">Entomological Society of Japan</a><a href="#cite_note-kotobank-17">[17]</a> and reintroduced into Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese. This meaning is used in the English translation of the light novel <a href="/wiki/Perfect_Blue" title="Perfect Blue">Perfect Blue: Complete Metamorphosis</a>, although it is not directly entomological, and it may also reference the semi-sexual portions of the work. It is worth noting that 変態 is further shortened to H (etchi), the first letter of its romanization. Both hentai and etchi (or <a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">ecchi</a> in English parlance) are used to refer to sexual perversion/deviance, or people therewith, as well as smut. A person accused of sexual perversion may be derogatorily called hentai, while a sex scene in a film, TV show or <a href="/wiki/Erotic_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic game">erotic game</a> is called Hシーン (etchi shīn <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'H-scene').<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The distinction outside of Japanese contexts between "hardcore" hentai and "softcore" etchi is entirely artificial. The history of the word hentai has its origins in science and psychology.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> By the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a>, the term appeared in publications to describe unusual or abnormal traits, including paranormal abilities and psychological disorders.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> A translation of German sexologist <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing" title="Richard von Krafft-Ebing">Richard von Krafft-Ebing</a>'s text <a href="/wiki/Psychopathia_Sexualis" title="Psychopathia Sexualis">Psychopathia Sexualis</a> originated the concept of hentai seiyoku, as a "perverse or abnormal sexual desire",<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> though it was popularized outside psychology, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Mori_%C5%8Cgai" title="Mori Ōgai">Mori Ōgai</a>'s 1909 novel <a href="/wiki/Vita_Sexualis" title="Vita Sexualis">Vita Sexualis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> Continued interest in hentai seiyoku resulted in numerous journals and publications on sexual advice which circulated in the public, served to establish the sexual connotation of hentai as perverse.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> Any perverse or abnormal act could be hentai, such as committing <a href="/wiki/Shinj%C5%AB" title="Shinjū">shinjū</a> (love suicide).<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> It was Nakamura Kokyo's journal Abnormal Psychology which started the popular <a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">sexology</a> boom in Japan which would see the rise of other popular journals like Sexuality and Human Nature, Sex Research and Sex.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-21">[21]</a> Originally, Tanaka Kogai wrote articles for Abnormal Psychology, but it would be Tanaka's own journal Modern Sexuality which would become one of the most popular sources of information about erotic and neurotic expression.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-21">[21]</a> Modern Sexuality was created to promote <a href="/wiki/Fetishism" title="Fetishism">fetishism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochism" title="Sadomasochism">S&M</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Necrophilia" title="Necrophilia">necrophilia</a> as a facet of modern life.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-21">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ero-guro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ero-guro">ero guro</a> movement and depiction of perverse, abnormal and often erotic undertones were a response to interest in hentai seiyoku.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Japan took a new interest in sexualization and public sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> Mark McLelland puts forth the observation that the term hentai found itself shortened to "H" and that the English pronunciation was "<a href="/wiki/Etchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Etchi">etchi</a>", referring to lewdness and which did not carry the stronger connotation of abnormality or perversion.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> By the 1950s, the "hentai seiyoku" publications became their own genre and included fetish and homosexual topics.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> By the 1960s, the homosexual content was dropped in favor of subjects like sadomasochism and stories of lesbianism targeted to male readers.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> The late 1960s brought a sexual revolution which expanded and solidified the normalizing of the term's identity in Japan that continues to exist today through publications such as Bessatsu Takarajima's Hentai-san ga iku series.<a href="#cite_note-Short_History-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> With the usage of hentai as any erotic depiction, the history of these depictions is split into their media. Japanese artwork and comics serve as the first example of hentai material, coming to represent the iconic style after the publication of <a href="/wiki/Azuma_Hideo" class="mw-redirect" title="Azuma Hideo">Azuma Hideo</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybele_(doujinshi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cybele (doujinshi) (page does not exist)">Cybele</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB_(%E5%90%8C%E4%BA%BA%E8%AA%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:シベール (同人誌)">ja</a>] in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> Hentai first appeared in animation in the 1932 film <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzumi-bune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzumi-bune (page does not exist)">Suzumi-bune</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%99%E3%83%BE%E3%81%BF%E8%88%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:すヾみ舟">ja</a>] by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakusan_Kimura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakusan Kimura (page does not exist)">Hakusan Kimura</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%91%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:木村白山">ja</a>], which was seized by police when it was half complete. The remnants of the film were donated to the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Archive_of_Japan" title="National Film Archive of Japan">National Film Center</a> in the early 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> The film has never been viewed by the public.<a href="#cite_note-:2-24">[24]</a> However, the 1984 release of Wonderkid's <a href="/wiki/Lolita_Anime" title="Lolita Anime">Lolita Anime</a> was the first hentai to get a general release,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> overlooking the erotic and sexual depictions in 1969's <a href="/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Arabian_Nights_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="One Thousand and One Arabian Nights (film)">One Thousand and One Arabian Nights</a> and the bare-breasted Cleopatra in 1970's <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1970_film)" title="Cleopatra (1970 film)">Cleopatra</a> film. Erotic games, another area of contention, has its first case of the art style depicting sexual acts in 1985's <a href="/wiki/Tenshitachi_no_Gogo" title="Tenshitachi no Gogo">Tenshitachi no Gogo</a>. In each of these mediums, the broad definition and usage of the term complicates its historic examination.<a href="#cite_note-:0-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_erotic_manga">Origin of erotic manga</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife,_British_Museum,_version_1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife%2C_British_Museum%2C_version_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife%2C_British_Museum%2C_version_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife%2C_British_Museum%2C_version_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife%2C_British_Museum%2C_version_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife%2C_British_Museum%2C_version_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife%2C_British_Museum%2C_version_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3731" data-file-height="2622" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife" title="The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife">The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife</a> (1814), a well-known example of Japanese erotic art (<a href="/wiki/Shunga" title="Shunga">shunga</a>)</figcaption></figure> Depictions of sex and abnormal sex can be traced back through the ages, predating the term "hentai". <a href="/wiki/Shunga" title="Shunga">Shunga</a>, a Japanese term for erotic art, is thought to have existed in some form since the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, shunga works were suppressed by the <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">shogunate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> A well-known example is <a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s_Wife" title="The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife">The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hokusai" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>, which depicts a woman being stimulated by two octopuses. Shunga production fell with the introduction of pornographic photographs in the late 19th century. To define erotic <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>, a definition for manga is needed. While the <a href="/wiki/Hokusai_Manga" title="Hokusai Manga">Hokusai Manga</a> uses the term "manga" in its title, it does not depict the story-telling aspect common to modern manga, as the images are unrelated. Due to the influence of pornographic photographs in the 19th and 20th centuries, the manga artwork was depicted by realistic characters. <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Tezuka" title="Osamu Tezuka">Osamu Tezuka</a> helped define the modern look and form of manga, and was later proclaimed as the "God of Manga".<a href="#cite_note-history-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> His debut work <a href="/wiki/Shin_Takarajima_(manga)" title="Shin Takarajima (manga)">New Treasure Island</a> was released in 1947 as a comic book through Ikuei Publishing and sold over 400,000 copies,<a href="#cite_note-history-27">[27]</a> though it was the popularity of Tezuka's <a href="/wiki/Astro_Boy" title="Astro Boy">Astro Boy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(manga)" title="Metropolis (manga)">Metropolis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kimba_the_White_Lion" title="Kimba the White Lion">Jungle Emperor</a> manga that would come to define the media. This story-driven manga style is distinctly unique from comic strips like <a href="/wiki/Sazae-san" title="Sazae-san">Sazae-san</a>, and story-driven works came to dominate <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōjo">shōjo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">shōnen</a> magazines.<a href="#cite_note-history-27">[27]</a> Adult themes in manga have existed since the 1940s, but some of these depictions were more realistic than the cartoon-cute characters popularized by Tezuka.<a href="#cite_note-Galbraith-29">[29]</a> In 1973, Manga Bestseller (later known as Manga Erotopia), which is considered to be the first hentai manga magazine published in Japan, would be responsible for creating a new genre known as ero-gekiga, where <a href="/wiki/Gekiga" title="Gekiga">gekiga</a> was taken, and the sexual and violent content was intensified.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> Other well-known "ero-gekiga" magazines were Erogenica (1975), and Alice (1977).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The circulation of ero-gekiga magazines would peak in 1978, and it is believed that somewhere between eighty and one hundred different ero-gekiga magazines were being published annually. The 1980s would see the decline of ero-gekiga in favor of the rising popularity of <a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">lolicon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo" title="Bishōjo">bishōjo</a> magazines, which grew from <a href="/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">otaku</a> fan culture. It has been theorized that the decline of ero-gekiga was due to the baby boomer readership beginning to start their own families, as well as migrating to <a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">seinen</a> magazines such as <a href="/wiki/Weekly_Young_Magazine" title="Weekly Young Magazine">Weekly Young Magazine</a>, and when it came to sexual material, the readership was stolen by <a href="/wiki/Gravure_idol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravure idol">gravure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_magazine" title="Pornographic magazine">pornographic magazines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-30">[30]</a> The distinct shift in the style of Japanese pornographic comics from realistic to cartoon-cute characters is accredited to <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Azuma" title="Hideo Azuma">Hideo Azuma</a>, "The Father of Lolicon".<a href="#cite_note-Galbraith-29">[29]</a> In 1979, he penned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybele_(doujinshi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cybele (doujinshi) (page does not exist)">Cybele</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB_(%E5%90%8C%E4%BA%BA%E8%AA%8C)" class="extiw" title="ja:シベール (同人誌)">ja</a>], which offered the first depictions of sexual acts between cute, unrealistic Tezuka-style characters. This would start a pornographic manga movement.<a href="#cite_note-Galbraith-29">[29]</a> The lolicon boom of the 1980s saw the rise of magazines such as the anthologies <a href="/wiki/Lemon_People" title="Lemon People">Lemon People</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Apple_Pie" title="Petit Apple Pie">Petit Apple Pie</a>. As the lolicon boom waned in the mid-1980s, the dominant form of representation for female characters became "baby faced and big chested" women.<a href="#cite_note-nagayama-32">[32]</a> The shift in popularity from lolicon to bishōjo has been credited to <a href="/wiki/Naoki_Yamamoto_(manga_artist)" title="Naoki Yamamoto (manga artist)">Naoki Yamamoto</a> (who wrote under the pen name of Tō Moriyama). Moriyama's manga had a style that had not been seen before at the time, and was different from the ero-gekiga and lolicon styles, and used bishōjo designs as a base to build upon. Moriyama's books sold well upon publication, creating even more fans for the genre. These new artists would then write for magazines such as Monthly Penguin Club Magazine (1986) and Manga Hot Milk (1986) which would become popular with their readership, drawing in new fans.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The publication of erotic materials in the United States can be traced back to at least 1990, when <a href="/wiki/IANVS_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="IANVS Publications">IANVS Publications</a> printed its first Anime Shower Special.<a href="#cite_note-john2-34">[34]</a> In March 1994, <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Press" title="Antarctic Press">Antarctic Press</a> released <a href="/wiki/Bondage_Fairies" title="Bondage Fairies">Bondage Fairies</a>, an English translation of Insect Hunter, an "insect rape" manga which became popular in the American market, while it apparently had a poor showing in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-john2-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> During this time, the one American publisher translating and publishing hentai was Fantagraphics on their adult comic imprint, Eros Comix, which was established around 1990.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_erotic_anime">Origin of erotic anime</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anime_girl_at_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anime_girl_at_beach.jpg/220px-Anime_girl_at_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anime_girl_at_beach.jpg/330px-Anime_girl_at_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anime_girl_at_beach.jpg/440px-Anime_girl_at_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>A girl drawn in erotic anime style at the beach.</figcaption></figure> Because there are fewer animation productions, most erotic works are retroactively tagged as hentai since the coining of the term in English.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Hentai is typically defined as consisting of excessive nudity, and graphic sexual intercourse whether or not it is perverse. The term "<a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">ecchi</a>" is typically related to <a href="/wiki/Fanservice" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanservice">fanservice</a>, with no sexual intercourse being depicted. The earliest pornographic anime was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzumi-bune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzumi-bune (page does not exist)">Suzumi-bune</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%99%E3%83%BE%E3%81%BF%E8%88%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:すヾみ舟">ja</a>], created in 1932 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakusan_Kimura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakusan Kimura (page does not exist)">Hakusan Kimura</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%91%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:木村白山">ja</a>]. It was the first part of a two-reeler film, which was half complete before it was seized by the police. The remnants of the film were donated to the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Archive_of_Japan" title="National Film Archive of Japan">National Film Center</a> in the early 21st century by the Tokyo police, who were removing all silver nitrate film in their possession, as it is extremely flammable.<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a> The film has never been viewed by the public.<a href="#cite_note-:2-24">[24]</a> Two early works escape being defined as hentai, but contain erotic themes. This is likely due to the obscurity and unfamiliarity of the works, arriving in the United States and fading from public focus a full 20 years before importation and surging interests coined the Americanized term hentai. The first is the 1969 film <a href="/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Arabian_Nights_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="One Thousand and One Arabian Nights (film)">One Thousand and One Arabian Nights</a>, which faithfully includes erotic elements of the original story.<a href="#cite_note-AE-37">[37]</a>: 27  In 1970, <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra:_Queen_of_Sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra: Queen of Sex">Cleopatra: Queen of Sex</a>, was the first animated film to carry an <a href="/wiki/X_rating" title="X rating">X rating</a>, but it was mislabeled as erotica in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-AE-37">[37]</a>: 104  The <a href="/wiki/Lolita_Anime" title="Lolita Anime">Lolita Anime</a> series is typically identified as the first erotic <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Original_video_animation" title="Original video animation">original video animation</a> (OVA); it was released in 1984 by Wonder Kids. Containing six episodes, the series focused on underage sex and rape, and included one episode containing <a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a> bondage.<a href="#cite_note-AE-37">[37]</a>: 376  Several sub-series were released in response, including a second Lolita Anime series released by <a href="/wiki/Nikkatsu" title="Nikkatsu">Nikkatsu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AE-37">[37]</a>: 376  It has not been officially licensed or distributed outside of its original release. The <a href="/wiki/Cream_Lemon" title="Cream Lemon">Cream Lemon</a> franchise of works ran from 1984 to 2005, with a number of them entering the American market in various forms.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The Brothers Grime series released by Excalibur Films contained Cream Lemon works as early as 1986.<a href="#cite_note-Anime_Porn_Market-39">[39]</a> However, they were not billed as anime and were introduced during the same time that the first underground distribution of erotic works began.<a href="#cite_note-john2-34">[34]</a> The American release of licensed erotic anime was first attempted in 1991 by <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Media" title="Central Park Media">Central Park Media</a>, with I Give My All, but it never occurred.<a href="#cite_note-john2-34">[34]</a> In December 1992, <a href="/wiki/Devil_Hunter_Yohko" title="Devil Hunter Yohko">Devil Hunter Yohko</a> was the first risque (ecchi) title that was released by <a href="/wiki/A.D._Vision" title="A.D. Vision">A.D. Vision</a>.<a href="#cite_note-john2-34">[34]</a> While it contains no sexual intercourse, it pushes the limits of the ecchi category with sexual dialogue, nudity and one scene in which the heroine is about to be raped. It was Central Park Media's 1993 release of <a href="/wiki/Urotsukidoji" class="mw-redirect" title="Urotsukidoji">Urotsukidōji</a> which brought the first hentai film to American viewers.<a href="#cite_note-john2-34">[34]</a> Often cited for inventing the <a href="/wiki/Tentacle_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Tentacle rape">tentacle rape</a> subgenre, it contains extreme depictions of violence and monster sex.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> As such, it is acknowledged for being the first to depict tentacle sex on screen.<a href="#cite_note-wp-12">[12]</a> When the film premiered in the United States, it was described as being "drenched in graphic scenes of perverse sex and ultra-violence".<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Following this release, a wealth of pornographic content began to arrive in the United States, with companies such as A.D. Vision, Central Park Media and <a href="/wiki/Media_Blasters" title="Media Blasters">Media Blasters</a> releasing licensed titles under various labels.<a href="#cite_note-Anime_Porn_Market-39">[39]</a> A.D. Vision's label SoftCel Pictures released 19 titles in 1995 alone.<a href="#cite_note-Anime_Porn_Market-39">[39]</a> Another label, <a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuf_International" class="mw-redirect" title="The Right Stuf International">Critical Mass</a>, was created in 1996 to release an unedited edition of <a href="/wiki/Violence_Jack" title="Violence Jack">Violence Jack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Anime_Porn_Market-39">[39]</a> When A.D. Vision's hentai label SoftCel Pictures shut down in 2005, most of its titles were acquired by Critical Mass. Following the bankruptcy of Central Park Media in 2009, the licenses for all Anime 18-related products and movies were transferred to Critical Mass.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_erotic_games">Origin of erotic games</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eroge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Eroge.jpg/220px-Eroge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Eroge.jpg/330px-Eroge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Eroge.jpg/440px-Eroge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Image of an <a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">eroge</a> (Japanese-style adult video game)</figcaption></figure> The term <a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">eroge</a> (erotic game) literally defines any erotic game, but has become synonymous with video games depicting the artistic styles of anime and manga. The origins of eroge began in the early 1980s, while the computer industry in Japan was struggling to define a computer standard with makers like <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> competing against one another.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NEC_PC-9801" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC PC-9801">PC98</a> series, despite lacking in processing power, <a href="/wiki/CD_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="CD drive">CD drives</a> and limited graphics, came to dominate the market, with the popularity of eroge games contributing to its success.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-hcg-44">[44]</a> Because of vague definitions of what constitutes an "erotic game", there are several possible candidates for the first eroge. If the definition applies to adult themes, the first game was <a href="/wiki/Softporn_Adventure" title="Softporn Adventure">Softporn Adventure</a>. Released in America in 1981 for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, this was a text-based comedic game from <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Entertainment" title="Sierra Entertainment">On-Line Systems</a>. If eroge is defined as the first graphical depictions of Japanese adult themes, it would be <a href="/wiki/Koei" title="Koei">Koei</a>'s 1982 release of <a href="/wiki/Night_Life_(video_game)" title="Night Life (video game)">Night Life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hcg-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Sexual intercourse is depicted through simple graphic outlines. Notably, Night Life was not intended to be erotic so much as an instructional guide "to support married life". A series of "undressing" games appeared as early as 1983, such as "Strip Mahjong". The first <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>-styled erotic game was <a href="/wiki/Tenshitachi_no_Gogo" title="Tenshitachi no Gogo">Tenshitachi no Gogo</a>, released in 1985 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=JAST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JAST (page does not exist)">JAST</a>. In 1988, <a href="/wiki/ASCII_Corporation" title="ASCII Corporation">ASCII</a> released the first erotic <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing game</a>, Chaos Angel.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> In 1989, <a href="/wiki/AliceSoft" title="AliceSoft">AliceSoft</a> released the turn-based role-playing game <a href="/wiki/Rance_(series)" title="Rance (series)">Rance</a> and <a href="/wiki/ELF_Corporation" title="ELF Corporation">ELF</a> released <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Knight_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon Knight (series)">Dragon Knight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> In the late 1980s, eroge began to stagnate under high prices and the majority of games containing uninteresting plots and mindless sex.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> ELF's 1992 release of <a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dky%C5%ABsei_(video_game)" title="Dōkyūsei (video game)">Dōkyūsei</a> came as customer frustration with eroge was mounting and spawned a new genre of games called <a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">dating sims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> Dōkyūsei was unique because it had no defined plot and required the player to build a relationship with different girls in order to advance the story.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> Each girl had her own story, but the prospect of consummating a relationship required the girl growing to love the player; there was no easy sex.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> The term "<a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">visual novel</a>" is vague, with Japanese and English definitions classifying the genre as a type of interactive fiction game driven by narration and limited player interaction. While the term is often retroactively applied to many games, it was <a href="/wiki/Leaf_(Japanese_company)" title="Leaf (Japanese company)">Leaf</a> that coined the term with their "Leaf Visual Novel Series" (LVNS) and the 1996 release of <a href="/wiki/Shizuku_(video_game)" title="Shizuku (video game)">Shizuku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kizuato" title="Kizuato">Kizuato</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> The success of these two dark eroge games would be followed by the third and final installment of the LVNS, the 1997 romantic eroge <a href="/wiki/To_Heart" title="To Heart">To Heart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> Eroge visual novels took a new emotional turn with <a href="/wiki/Tactics_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactics (brand)">Tactics</a>' 1998 release <a href="/wiki/One:_Kagayaku_Kisetsu_e" title="One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e">One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eroge1-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Key_(company)" title="Key (company)">Key</a>'s 1999 release of <a href="/wiki/Kanon_(visual_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon (visual novel)">Kanon</a> proved to be a major success and would go on to have numerous console ports, two manga series and two anime series. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Censorship">Censorship</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Japan" title="Censorship in Japan">Censorship in Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pornography_laws_by_region" title="Pornography laws by region">Pornography laws by region</a></div> Japanese laws have impacted depictions of works since the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a>, but these predate the common definition of hentai material. Since becoming law in 1907, Article 175 of the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Code of Japan">Criminal Code of Japan</a> forbids the publication of obscene materials. Specifically, depictions of male–female sexual intercourse and <a href="/wiki/Pubic_hair" title="Pubic hair">pubic hair</a> are considered obscene, but bare genitalia is not.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As censorship is required for published works, the most common representations are the blurring dots on pornographic videos and "bars" or "lights" on still images. In 1986, <a href="/wiki/Toshio_Maeda" title="Toshio Maeda">Toshio Maeda</a> sought to get past censorship on depictions of sexual intercourse, by creating <a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">tentacle sex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> This led to the large number of works containing sexual intercourse with monsters, demons, robots, and aliens, whose genitals look different from men's. While Western views attribute hentai to any explicit work, it was the products of this censorship which became not only the first titles legally imported to America and Europe, but the first successful ones. While uncut for American release, the United Kingdom's release of <a href="/wiki/Urotsukidoji" class="mw-redirect" title="Urotsukidoji">Urotsukidōji</a> removed many scenes of the violence and tentacle rape scenes.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Another technique used to evade regulation was the "sexual intercourse cross-section view", an imaginary view of intercourse resembling an anatomic drawing or an <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">MRI</a>, which would eventually evolve as a prevalent expression in hentai for its erotic appeal. This expression is known in the Western world as the "x-ray view".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> It was also because of this law that the artists began to depict the characters with a minimum of anatomical details and without pubic hair, by law, prior to 1991. Part of the ban was lifted when <a href="/wiki/Nagisa_Oshima" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagisa Oshima">Nagisa Oshima</a> prevailed over the obscenity charges at his trial for his film <a href="/wiki/In_the_Realm_of_the_Senses" title="In the Realm of the Senses">In the Realm of the Senses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Though not enforced, the lifting of this ban did not apply to anime and manga as they were not deemed artistic exceptions.<a href="#cite_note-Galbraith-29">[29]</a> Alterations of material or censorship and banning of works are common. The US release of <a href="/wiki/La_Blue_Girl" title="La Blue Girl">La Blue Girl</a> altered the age of the heroine from 16 to 18, removed sex scenes with a dwarf ninja named Nin-nin, and removed the Japanese blurring dots.<a href="#cite_note-AE-37">[37]</a> La Blue Girl was outright rejected by UK censors who refused to classify it and prohibited its distribution.<a href="#cite_note-AE-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In 2011, members of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Liberal Democratic Party of Japan</a> sought a ban on the subgenre <a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">lolicon</a> but were unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The last law proposed against it was introduced on May 27, 2013 by the Liberal Democratic Party, the <a href="/wiki/New_Komei_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Komei Party">New Komei Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Restoration_Party" title="Japan Restoration Party">Japan Restoration Party</a> that would have made possession of sexual images of individuals under 18 illegal with a fine of 1 million yen (about US$10,437) and less than a year in jail.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The Japanese Democratic Party, along with several industry associations involved in anime and manga protested against the bill saying "while they appreciate that the bill protects children, it will also restrict freedom of expression".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The law was ultimately passed in June 2014 after the regulation of lolicon anime and manga was removed from the bill. This new law went into full effect in 2015 banning real life child pornography.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Societal_effects_of_hentai">Societal effects of hentai</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_pornography" title="Feminist views on pornography">Feminist views on pornography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_East_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States">Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States</a></div> There is existing research on the social implications of pornography, in general, as it pertains to the sexualized and objectified image of women. In regards to how hentai particularly contributes to the conversation of the image of women, recent research identifies evidence in which hentai promotes rape myth acceptance, sexual violence, and racialization of women. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rape_myths">Rape myths</h3></div> Recent studies have illustrated a correlation between the consumption of hentai and the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Rape_myth" title="Rape myth">rape myths</a>. In particular, studies have shown how viewing hentai can lead to an increase in prejudiced and stereotypical perspectives on rape and sexual assault.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Increased consumption can also lead to an increase in the normalization of sexual violence, rape, victim blaming, and further stereotypes associated with sexual violence and sexually aggressive behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-:02-60">[60]</a> The origin and culture of hentai as "abnormal" pornography, as highlighted through research studies, is also described to perpetuate a desensitized view of sexual violence and rape play.<a href="#cite_note-:03-61">[61]</a> The distinction between rape myth acceptance and sexually violent or aggressive behaviors has also been outlined in various research studies.<a href="#cite_note-O’Connor_2021_321–330-62">[62]</a> The distinction between rape myth acceptance and sexually violent or aggressive behaviors has also been outlined in various research studies.<a href="#cite_note-O’Connor_2021_321–330-62">[62]</a> Recent studies highlight how a rise in the acceptance of rape myths is causally linked to rape proclivity and sexually violent behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racial_fetishization_of_Asian_women_in_hentai">Racial fetishization of Asian women in hentai</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_2">History</h4></div> The racial fetishization of Asian women can be traced back to Western colonialism and imperialism where Asian women were portrayed as "exotic" or submissive and such traits were in turn romanticized.<a href="#cite_note-:14-64">[64]</a> Classic media such as Madame Butterfly and Miss Saigon also portray Asian women having intimate relations with white men, ultimately to their demise. Critics say this perpetuates the notion that value of Asian women is tied to their white lovers.<a href="#cite_note-:22-65">[65]</a> A popular trope in hentai places the woman in a more submissive role, playing into the “lotus blossom” stereotype where Asian women are thought to be more docile.<a href="#cite_note-:22-65">[65]</a> The increasing Western audience of hentai exacerbates this portrayal of Asian women. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portrayals_of_Japanese_women">Portrayals of Japanese women</h4></div> Since hentai is a broad genre of erotic media the portrayal of women varies greatly, however, almost always is the girl slim and with large breasts. A paper by Hinako Ishikawa on the racialization of Japanese women in hentai concluded that this portrayal directly plays into the sexual objectification and stereotyping of Japanese women.<a href="#cite_note-:14-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Racial_fetishization_of_Japanese_women">Racial fetishization of Japanese women</h4></div> Although the race of the female protagonists in hentai is not always clear, the film will often highlight the character’s “Japanese-ness”.<a href="#cite_note-:33-66">[66]</a> This is done either through her clothes (wearing traditional dress like kimonos), the setting of the film, or her mannerisms (eating with chopsticks) that imply the character’s race.<a href="#cite_note-:33-66">[66]</a> According to Ishikawa, this portrayal of Japanese women plays into the increasingly popularized Asian fetish in the Western world, specifically citing 2022’s Pornhub statistics world wide trendy terms put “hentai” and “Japanese” as top two most searched words.<a href="#cite_note-:14-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> According to data from <a href="/wiki/Pornhub" title="Pornhub">Pornhub</a> in 2017, the most prolific consumers of hentai are men.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> However, Patrick W. Galbraith and Jessica Bauwens-Sugimoto note that hentai manga attracts "a diverse readership, which of course includes women."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Kathryn Hemmann also writes that "self-identified female otaku [...] readily admit to enjoying [hentai] dōjinshi catering to a male erotic gaze".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> When it comes to mediums of hentai, eroge games in particular combine three favored media—cartoons, pornography and gaming—into an experience. The hentai genre engages a wide audience that expands yearly, and desires better quality and storylines, or works which push the creative envelope.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Nobuhiro Komiya, a manga censor, states that the unusual and extreme depictions in hentai are not about perversion so much as they are an example of the profit-oriented industry.<a href="#cite_note-censor1-71">[71]</a> Anime depicting normal sexual situations enjoy less market success than those that break social norms, such as sex at schools or bondage.<a href="#cite_note-censor1-71">[71]</a> According to clinical psychologist Megha Hazuria Gorem, "Because toons are a kind of final fantasy, you can make the person look the way you want him or her to look. Every fetish can be fulfilled."<a href="#cite_note-india-72">[72]</a> Sexologist Narayan Reddy noted of eroge, "Animators make new games because there is a demand for them, and because they depict things that the gamers do not have the courage to do in real life, or that might just be illegal, these games are an outlet for suppressed desire."<a href="#cite_note-india-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesson_1_Private_Tutor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Lesson_1_Private_Tutor.jpg/220px-Lesson_1_Private_Tutor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Lesson_1_Private_Tutor.jpg/330px-Lesson_1_Private_Tutor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Lesson_1_Private_Tutor.jpg/440px-Lesson_1_Private_Tutor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>An example of <a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">yaoi</a>-inspired artwork</figcaption></figure> The hentai genre can be divided into numerous subgenres, the broadest of which encompasses heterosexual and homosexual acts. Hentai that features mainly heterosexual interactions occur in both male-targeted (ero or dansei-muke) and female-targeted ("ladies' comics") form. Those that feature mainly homosexual interactions are known as <a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">yaoi</a> or Boys' Love (male–male) and <a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">yuri</a> or Girls' Love (female–female). Both yaoi and, to a lesser extent, yuri, are generally aimed at members of the opposite sex from the persons depicted. While yaoi and yuri are not always explicit, their pornographic history and association remain.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Yaoi's pornographic usage has remained strong in textual form through <a href="/wiki/Fanfiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanfiction">fanfiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The definition of yuri has begun to be replaced by the broader definitions of "lesbian-themed animation or comics".<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Hentai is perceived as "dwelling" on <a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">sexual fetishes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> These include dozens of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">fetish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">paraphilia</a> related subgenres, which can be further classified with additional terms, such as heterosexual or homosexual types. Many works are focused on depicting the mundane and the impossible across every conceivable act and situation, no matter how fantastical. One subgenre of hentai is <a href="/wiki/Futanari" title="Futanari">futanari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermaphroditism">hermaphroditism</a>), which features a woman with a <a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">penis</a> or penis-like appendage in addition to a <a href="/wiki/Human_vulva" class="mw-redirect" title="Human vulva">vulva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-john3-77">[77]</a> Futanari characters are often depicted as having sex with other women,<a href="#cite_note-john3-77">[77]</a> but many other works feature sex with men or, as in Anal Justice, with both genders.<a href="#cite_note-nagayama-32">[32]</a> Futanari can be dominant, submissive, or switch between the two roles in a single work.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genres">Genres</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Common English terms</th> <th>Common Japanese terms</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a> / shōnen-ai / Boys' Love</td> <td>やおい / ボーイズラブ / ビーエル</td> <td>Gender</td> <td>Male homosexuality </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a> / shōjo-ai / Girls' Love</td> <td>百合</td> <td>Gender</td> <td>Female homosexuality </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></td> <td>ロリコン</td> <td>Gender and age</td> <td>Centered on prepubescent, pubescent, or post-pubescent underage girls, whether heterosexual (man-girl or boy-girl) or homosexual (woman-girl or two girls) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></td> <td>ショタコン</td> <td>Gender and age</td> <td>Centered on prepubescent, pubescent, or post-pubescent underage boys, whether heterosexual (woman-boy or girl-boy) or homosexual (man-boy or two boys) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bakunyū </td> <td>爆乳 </td> <td> </td> <td>A genre of pornographic media focusing on the depiction of women with large <a href="/wiki/Breasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Breasts">breasts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The word can be literally translated to "exploding breasts".<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Bakunyū is a subgenre within the genre of hentai anime.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catgirl" title="Catgirl">Catgirl</a> / nekomimi </td> <td>猫耳 </td> <td> </td> <td>Human females with cat characteristics, such as cat ears, cat tails and whiskers </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Futanari" title="Futanari">Futanari</a> </td> <td>ふたなり </td> <td> </td> <td>Depictions of women that have both phallic genitalia (penis either with or without scrotum) and a vulva </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a> </td> <td>近親相姦 </td> <td> </td> <td>Sexual activity with family members </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netorare / Netorase / Netori </td> <td>寝取られ / ネトラセーゼ / 寝取り </td> <td> </td> <td>Related to <a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">swinging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infidelity" title="Infidelity">infidelity</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Cuckolding" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuckolding">cuckolding</a>, abbreviated NTR; variations of being masochistically aroused by seeing or knowing that one's spouse or lover is having sexual intercourse with another person, whether they do so voluntarily or not, <abbr title="literally">lit.</abbr> "being snatched away".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In netorare, the protagonist's <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adulterous</a> partner wants to deceive and/or break up with the protagonist to be with the cheater. In netorase, the protagonist enjoys, actively encourages or even causes the partner to have sex with others, often with their informed knowledge and consent. In netori, the protagonist finds a cheater in a marriage or relationship and <a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">manipulates</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blackmail" title="Blackmail">blackmails</a> them away from their partner. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Omorashi" title="Omorashi">Omorashi</a> </td> <td>おもらし / お漏らし </td> <td> </td> <td>A form of <a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">urolagnia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ryona" title="Ryona">Ryona</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyaku-ryona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyaku-ryona (page does not exist)">Gyaku-ryona</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onna_Zako&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onna Zako (page does not exist)">Onna Zako</a> </td> <td>リョナ / 逆リョナ / 女ザコ </td> <td> </td> <td>Depictions of fetish revolves around a victim being physically assaulted or psychologically abused by an offender; </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a> </td> <td>触手責め </td> <td> </td> <td>Depictions of tentacled creatures and sometimes monsters (fictional or otherwise) engaging in sex or rape with women and, less often, men </td></tr> <tr> <td>Josō-seme / cross-dressing attack </td> <td>女装攻め </td> <td> </td> <td>Depictions of a <a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">kathoey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">male-crossdresser</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sissy" title="Sissy">tomgirl</a> taking the lead (i.e. the "<a href="/wiki/Seme_and_uke" class="mw-redirect" title="Seme and uke">seme</a>") or exhibiting <a href="/wiki/Dominance_and_submission" title="Dominance and submission">dominance</a> over a sexual partner </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Pornproject_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Pornproject_logo.svg/32px-Pornproject_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Pornproject_logo.svg/48px-Pornproject_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Pornproject_logo.svg/64px-Pornproject_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="79" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Erotica_and_pornography" title="Portal:Erotica and pornography">Erotica and pornography portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_pornography" title="Cartoon pornography">Cartoon pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Djinshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dōjinshi">Dōjinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Hentai" title="E-Hentai">E-Hentai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hentai_anime" title="List of hentai anime">List of hentai anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hentai_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hentai authors">List of hentai authors</a> (groups, studios, production companies, circles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hentai_manga" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hentai manga">List of hentai manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijikon" title="Nijikon">Nijikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchira" title="Panchira">Panchira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_fetishism" title="Uniform fetishism">Uniform fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:アダルトアニメ">アダルトアニメ</a> ("Adult anime [animation]")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Livia-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Livia_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livia_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livia_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livia_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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Researchgate. p. 175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researchgate&rft.atitle=Fansubbing+Hentai+Anime%3A+Users%2C+Distribution%2C+Censorship+and+Ethics&rft.pages=175&rft.date=2017-01&rft.aulast=Josephy-Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F283860753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hannom-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hannom_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hannom_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hannom_16-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hvdic.thivien.net/whv/%E8%AE%8A%E6%85%8B">"變態"</a>. 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"ja:下駄とダイヤモンド" [Geta and Diamonds]. <a href="/wiki/Short_Program_(manga)" title="Short Program (manga)">Short Program</a>. Vol. 3. Tokyo: Shogakukan. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-09-127873-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-09-127873-9"><bdi>978-4-09-127873-9</bdi></a>. <q>話は面白いけどな。——しかし大事なのはエッチシーン。</q> [Story's good, but it needs some sex scenes.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ja%3A%E4%B8%8B%E9%A7%84%E3%81%A8%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89&rft.btitle=Short+Program&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2007-07-23&rft.isbn=978-4-09-127873-9&rft.aulast=Adachi&rft.aufirst=Mitsuru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Driscoll-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_21-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriscoll2010" class="citation book cs1">Driscoll, Mark (13 July 2010). Absolute Erotic, Absolute Grotesque: The Living, Dead, and Undead in Japan's Imperialism, 1895–1945. Durham/London: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. pp. 140–160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4740-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4740-8"><bdi>978-0-8223-4740-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Absolute+Erotic%2C+Absolute+Grotesque%3A+The+Living%2C+Dead%2C+and+Undead+in+Japan%27s+Imperialism%2C+1895%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Durham%2FLondon&rft.pages=140-160&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-4740-8&rft.aulast=Driscoll&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalbraithKamKamm2015" class="citation book cs1">Galbraith, Patrick W.; Kam, Thiam Huat; Kamm, Björn-Ole (21 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pFQmCAAAQBAJ&q=cybele+hideo+azuma&pg=PT81">Debating Otaku in Contemporary Japan: Historical Perspectives and New Horizons</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472594983" title="Special:BookSources/9781472594983"><bdi>9781472594983</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debating+Otaku+in+Contemporary+Japan%3A+Historical+Perspectives+and+New+Horizons&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.isbn=9781472594983&rft.aulast=Galbraith&rft.aufirst=Patrick+W.&rft.au=Kam%2C+Thiam+Huat&rft.au=Kamm%2C+Bj%C3%B6rn-Ole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpFQmCAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcybele%2Bhideo%2Bazuma%26pg%3DPT81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClementsMcCarthy2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Clements" title="Jonathan Clements">Clements, Jonathan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Helen_McCarthy" title="Helen McCarthy">McCarthy, Helen</a> (2015). "Erotica and pornography". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E03KBgAAQBAJ">The Anime Encyclopedia: A Century of Japanese Animation</a> (3rd Revised ed.). Stone Bridge Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611729092" title="Special:BookSources/9781611729092"><bdi>9781611729092</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Erotica+and+pornography&rft.btitle=The+Anime+Encyclopedia%3A+A+Century+of+Japanese+Animation&rft.edition=3rd+Revised&rft.pub=Stone+Bridge+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781611729092&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE03KBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Clements" title="Jonathan Clements">Clements, Jonathan</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=inWpe4hhc0IC&pg=PA75">Schoolgirl Milky Crisis: Adventures in the Anime and Manga Trade</a>. A-Net Digital LLC. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780984593743" title="Special:BookSources/9780984593743"><bdi>9780984593743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schoolgirl+Milky+Crisis%3A+Adventures+in+the+Anime+and+Manga+Trade&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=A-Net+Digital+LLC&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780984593743&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DinWpe4hhc0IC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunning2014" class="citation book cs1">Lunning, Frenchy (1 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FM9Y5EKSOakC&q=loloita+anime+1984&pg=PA49">Mechademia 3: Limits of the Human</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1298294031.html">the original</a> on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Oooh+Game+Boy&rft.date=2007-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P3-1298294031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcHarry,_Mark2003" class="citation web cs1">McHarry, Mark (November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080417001927/http://www.guidemag.com/temp/yaoi/a/mcharry_yaoi.html">"Yaoi: Redrawing Male Love"</a>. The Guide. 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Boys' Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre (2010): 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yuricon.com/what-is-yuricon/#whatisyuri">"Yuricon What is Yuricon?"</a>. Yuricon. 28 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035708/http://www.yuricon.com/what-is-yuricon/#whatisyuri">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yuricon+What+is+Yuricon%3F&rft.pub=Yuricon&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yuricon.com%2Fwhat-is-yuricon%2F%23whatisyuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrtega-Brena2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ortega-Brena, Mariana (2009). "Peek-a-boo, I See You: Watching Japanese Hard-core Animation". Sexuality. 13: 17–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12119-008-9039-5">10.1007/s12119-008-9039-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143481005">143481005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexuality&rft.atitle=Peek-a-boo%2C+I+See+You%3A+Watching+Japanese+Hard-core+Animation&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=17-31&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12119-008-9039-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143481005%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ortega-Brena&rft.aufirst=Mariana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-john3-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-john3_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-john3_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppliger2008" class="citation web cs1">Oppliger, John (12 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenation.net/ask-john-what-is-futanari-and-why-is-it-popular/">"Ask John: What Is Futanari and Why Is It Popular?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AnimeNation" title="AnimeNation">AnimeNation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215122237/http://www.animenation.net/ask-john-what-is-futanari-and-why-is-it-popular/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ask+John%3A+What+Is+Futanari+and+Why+Is+It+Popular%3F&rft.pub=AnimeNation&rft.date=2008-03-12&rft.aulast=Oppliger&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenation.net%2Fask-john-what-is-futanari-and-why-is-it-popular%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagayama2020" class="citation book cs1">Nagayama, Kaoru (2020). Erotic Comics in Japan: An Introduction to Eromanga. Translated by Galbraith, Patrick W.; Bauwens-Sugimoto, Jessica. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6372-712-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-6372-712-9"><bdi>978-94-6372-712-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1160012499">1160012499</a>. <q>In sexual situations, the "shemale" can appear male, female and something distinctly other as "shemale." Roles as attacker or "top" (seme) and receiver or "bottom" (uke) can shift throughout the work. The same "shemale" character can be in the role of a sadistic female top in one scene, and in another play a masochistic male bottom who enjoys being disgraced by women. Top and bottom roles are not necessarily based on appearance. It is not rare to depict a "shemale" character who is actually the dominant one, but shivers in ecstasy while being whipped by a brawny man and brutally raped. Furthermore, each character has their own "gender identity" (sei jinin), which can impact reader identification and self-projection.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erotic+Comics+in+Japan%3A+An+Introduction+to+Eromanga&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1160012499&rft.isbn=978-94-6372-712-9&rft.aulast=Nagayama&rft.aufirst=Kaoru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2008" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Lucy (29 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100402001527/http://www.studlife.com/scene/2008/08/29/internet-of-hentai/">"Internet of hentai"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Student_Life_(newspaper)" title="Student Life (newspaper)">Student Life</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studlife.com/scene/2008/08/29/internet-of-hentai/">the original</a> on 2 April 2010. Retrieved 10 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Student+Life&rft.atitle=Internet+of+hentai&rft.date=2008-08-29&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studlife.com%2Fscene%2F2008%2F08%2F29%2Finternet-of-hentai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120630231015/http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1MUJ%E7%88%86%E4%B9%B3">"Word Display"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WWWJDIC" title="WWWJDIC">WWWJDIC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1MUJ爆乳">the original</a> on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Word+Display&rft.pub=WWWJDIC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csse.monash.edu.au%2F~jwb%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwwwjdic.cgi%3F1MUJ%E7%88%86%E4%B9%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2007" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Jason (2007). Manga: The Complete Guide. Ballantine Books/Del Rey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-48590-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-48590-8"><bdi>978-0-345-48590-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manga%3A+The+Complete+Guide&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books%2FDel+Rey&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-345-48590-8&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_Gaffney2016" class="citation web cs1">Sean Gaffney (26 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mangabookshelf.com/51846/bookshelf-briefs-92616/">"Bookshelf Briefs 9/26/16"</a>. Manga Bookshelf. Retrieved 12 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bookshelf+Briefs+9%2F26%2F16&rft.pub=Manga+Bookshelf&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.au=Sean+Gaffney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmangabookshelf.com%2F51846%2Fbookshelf-briefs-92616%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAquila2007" class="citation journal cs1">Aquila, Meredith (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071215165131/http://www.upress.umn.edu/Books/L/lunning_mechademia2.html">"Ranma 1/2 Fan Fiction Writers: New Narrative Themes or the Same Old Story?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mechademia" title="Mechademia">Mechademia</a>. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5266-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5266-2"><bdi>978-0-8166-5266-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upress.umn.edu/Books/L/lunning_mechademia2.html">the original</a> on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechademia&rft.atitle=Ranma+1%2F2+Fan+Fiction+Writers%3A+New+Narrative+Themes+or+the+Same+Old+Story%3F&rft.volume=2&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-5266-2&rft.aulast=Aquila&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upress.umn.edu%2FBooks%2FL%2Flunning_mechademia2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Buckley, Sandra (1991). "'Penguin in Bondage': A Graphic Tale of Japanese Comic Books", pp. 163–196, In Technoculture. C. Penley and A. Ross, eds. Minneapolis: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8166-1932-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8166-1932-8">0-8166-1932-8</a>.</li> <li>McCarthy, Helen, and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Clements" title="Jonathan Clements">Jonathan Clements</a> (1998). The Erotic Anime Movie Guide. London: Titan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85286-946-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85286-946-1">1-85286-946-1</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNapier2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_J._Napier" title="Susan J. Napier">Napier, Susan J.</a> (2000). <a href="/wiki/Anime_from_Akira_to_Princess_Mononoke:_Experiencing_Contemporary_Japanese_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime from Akira to Princess Mononoke: Experiencing Contemporary Japanese Animation">Anime: From Akira to Princess Mononoke</a>. New York: Palgrave. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-23863-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-23863-0"><bdi>0-312-23863-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anime%3A+From+Akira+to+Princess+Mononoke&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-312-23863-0&rft.aulast=Napier&rft.aufirst=Susan+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerperCornog2002" class="citation journal cs1">Perper, Timothy; Cornog, Martha (March 2002). "Eroticism for the masses: Japanese manga comics and their assimilation into the U.S.". Sexuality & Culture. 6 (1): 3–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12119-002-1000-4">10.1007/s12119-002-1000-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143692243">143692243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexuality+%26+Culture&rft.atitle=Eroticism+for+the+masses%3A+Japanese+manga+comics+and+their+assimilation+into+the+U.S.&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-126&rft.date=2002-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12119-002-1000-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143692243%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Perper&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.au=Cornog%2C+Martha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHentai" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hentai" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hentai">hentai</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hentai" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hentai">Hentai</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_erotic_cinema" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_erotic_cinema" title="Template:Japanese erotic cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_erotic_cinema" title="Template talk:Japanese erotic cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_erotic_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese erotic cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_erotic_cinema" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Japanese erotic cinema</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_sexploitation_films" title="List of Japanese sexploitation films">List of Japanese sexploitation films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno_films" title="List of Nikkatsu Roman Porno films">List of Nikkatsu Roman Porno films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adult video (AV) studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Japan" title="Alice Japan">Alice Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_Eizou" title="Athena Eizou">Athena Eizou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas21" title="Atlas21">Atlas21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attackers" title="Attackers">Attackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineMagic_Co." title="CineMagic Co.">CineMagic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_(studio)" title="Cross (studio)">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal-Eizou" title="Crystal-Eizou">Crystal-Eizou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_(studio)" title="Das (studio)">DAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_(studio)" title="Dogma (studio)">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_Quest" title="Glory Quest">Glory Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokuto_Corporation" title="Hokuto Corporation">Hokuto Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Entertainment" title="Hot Entertainment">Hot Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IdeaPocket" title="IdeaPocket">IdeaPocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Home_Video" title="Japan Home Video">Japan Home Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KM_Produce" title="KM Produce">KMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_Inc." title="Kuki Inc.">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(studio)" title="Madonna (studio)">Madonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max-A" title="Max-A">Max-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxing" title="Maxing">Maxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Station_(company)" title="Media Station (company)">Media Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Film" title="Million Film">Million Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodyz" title="Moodyz">Moodyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Works" title="Real Works">Real Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S1_No._1_Style" title="S1 No. 1 Style">S1 No. 1 Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Japan" title="Shuttle Japan">Shuttle Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_On_Demand" title="Soft On Demand">Soft On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Media_Agency" title="Total Media Agency">TMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Try-Heart_Corporation" title="Try-Heart Corporation">Try-Heart Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%26R_Planning" title="V&R Planning">V&R Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waap_Entertainment" title="Waap Entertainment">Waap Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanz_Factory" title="Wanz Factory">Wanz Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.m.p._(Japan)" title="H.m.p. (Japan)">h.m.p.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pink film studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikkatsu" title="Nikkatsu">Nikkatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OP_Eiga" title="OP Eiga">OP Eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toei_Company" title="Toei Company">Toei Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Broadcasting_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Broadcasting Awards">Adult Broadcasting Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Adult_Video_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Adult Video Awards">Japanese Adult Video Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Grand_Prix" title="Pink Grand Prix">Pink Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Ribbon_Awards" title="Pinky Ribbon Awards">Pinky Ribbon Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_erotic_computer_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese erotic computer games">List of Japanese erotic computer games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_gravure_idols" title="List of Japanese gravure idols">List of Japanese gravure idols</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AV_Open" title="AV Open">AV Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV_idol" title="AV idol">AV idol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukkake_(sex_act)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukkake (sex act)">Bukkake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_adult_videos_in_Japan" title="Chronology of adult videos in Japan">Chronology of adult videos in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">Cosplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_play" title="Food play">Wakamezake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futanari" title="Futanari">Futanari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganari_Takahashi" title="Ganari Takahashi">Ganari Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokkun" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokkun">Gokkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamedori" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamedori">Hamedori</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hentai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_bondage" title="Japanese bondage">Japanese bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Contents_Review_Center" title="Japan Contents Review Center">Japan Contents Review Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_idol" title="Junior idol">Junior idol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotion_play" title="Lotion play">Lotion play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_celebrity#Net_idol" title="Internet celebrity">Net idol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Ethics_of_Video_Association" title="Nihon Ethics of Video Association">Nihon Ethics of Video Association (NEVA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyotaimori" title="Nyotaimori">Nyotaimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omorashi" title="Omorashi">Omorashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchira" title="Panchira">Panchira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Japan" title="Pornography in Japan">Pornography in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunga (art)">Shunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shungo_Kaji" title="Shungo Kaji">Shungo Kaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamakeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamakeri">Tamakeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarento" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarento">Tarento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushiro_Takatekote" class="mw-redirect" title="Ushiro Takatekote">Ushiro Takatekote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Animation_industry_in_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animation_industry_in_Japan" title="Template:Animation industry in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animation_industry_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Animation industry in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animation_industry_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animation industry in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animation_industry_in_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Animation industry in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anime" title="History of anime">History of anime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Association_of_Japanese_Animations" title="The Association of Japanese Animations">The Association of Japanese Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Animation_Creators_Association" title="Japanese Animation Creators Association">Japanese Animation Creators Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animation_Kobe" title="Animation Kobe">Animation Kobe Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animax_Anison_Grand_Prix" title="Animax Anison Grand Prix">Animax Anison Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animage" title="Animage">Anime Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Prize_for_Animation_of_the_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year">Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Media_Arts_Festival" title="Japan Media Arts Festival">Japan Media Arts Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Film_Award_for_Best_Animation_Film" title="Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film">Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtype" title="Newtype">Newtype Anime Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cfuji_Nobur%C5%8D_Award" title="Ōfuji Noburō Award">Ōfuji Noburō Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiyu_Awards" title="Seiyu Awards">Seiyu Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugoi_Japan_Award" title="Sugoi Japan Award">Sugoi Japan Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Anime_Award" title="Tokyo Anime Award">Tokyo Anime Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_net_animation" title="Original net animation">Original net animation (ONA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_video_animation" title="Original video animation">Original video animation (OVA)</a></li> <li>Television <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_night_anime" class="mw-redirect" title="Late night anime">Late night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UHF_anime" title="UHF anime">UHF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bara_(genre)" title="Bara (genre)">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_manga" title="Cooking manga">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futanari" title="Futanari">Futanari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyashikei" title="Iyashikei">Iyashikei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otomechikku" title="Otomechikku">Otomechikku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryona" title="Ryona">Ryona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_manga" title="Sports manga">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teens%27_love" title="Teens' love">Teens' love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anime programming blocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animeism" title="Animeism">Animeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_(TV_programming_block)" title="Noise (TV programming block)">Noise</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noitamina" title="Noitamina">Noitamina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%2BUltra" title="+Ultra">+Ultra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animage" title="Animage">Animage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_director" title="Animation director">Animation director</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_directors" title="List of anime directors">List of anime directors</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animedia" title="Animedia">Animedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsud%C5%8D_Shashin" title="Katsudō Shashin">Katsudō Shashin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinema_Junpo" title="Kinema Junpo">Kinema Junpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtype" title="Newtype">Newtype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_song" title="Anime song">Anime song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anime" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Anime">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pornography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FBAED2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pornography" title="Template:Pornography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pornography" title="Template talk:Pornography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pornography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pornography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pornography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Pornography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_pornography" title="Amateur pornography">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_pornography" title="Cartoon pornography">Cartoon</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hentai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_bible" title="Tijuana bible">Tijuana bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_erotica" title="Child erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_child_pornography" title="Simulated child pornography">Simulated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepfake_pornography" title="Deepfake pornography">Deepfake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pornography" title="Feminist pornography">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_pornography" title="Internet pornography">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_porn" title="Mobile porn">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_porn" title="Revenge porn">Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexting" title="Sexting">Sexting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_porn" title="Alt porn">Alt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pornography" title="Bondage pornography">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clop_(erotic_fan_art)" title="Clop (erotic fan art)">Clopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent_pornography" title="Convent pornography">Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_pornography" title="Ethnic pornography">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Gang bang pornography">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_pornography" title="Gonzo pornography">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest_pornography" title="Incest pornography">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MILF_pornography" title="MILF pornography">MILF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_pornography" title="Mormon pornography">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_pornography" title="Rape pornography">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_pornography" title="Reality pornography">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_hypno" title="Sissy hypno">Sissy hypno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle</a></li> <li>LGBTQ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erotica" title="Lesbian erotica">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_pornography" title="Gay pornography">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_pornography" title="Bisexual pornography">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pornography" title="Transgender pornography">Transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_pornography" title="Queer pornography">Queer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porn_for_women" title="Porn for women">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiff" title="Yiff">Yiffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoophilic_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoophilic pornography">Zoophilic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:right;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Film_Association_of_America" title="Adult Film Association of America">Adult Film Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critics_Adult_Film_Association" title="Critics Adult Film Association">Critics Adult Film Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fans_of_X-Rated_Entertainment" title="Fans of X-Rated Entertainment">Fans of X-Rated Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_Coalition" title="Free Speech Coalition">Free Speech Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Rated_Critics_Organization" title="X-Rated Critics Organization">X-Rated Critics Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornography_companies" title="List of pornography companies">List of pornography companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_film_studios" title="List of pornographic film studios">List of pornographic film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuck_for_Forest" title="Fuck for Forest">Fuck for Forest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_pornography" title="Opposition to pornography">Opposition to pornography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-pornography movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-pornography movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-pornography movement in the United States">Anti-pornography movement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipornography_Civil_Rights_Ordinance" title="Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance">Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchmen%27s_Committee_for_Decent_Publications" title="Churchmen's Committee for Decent Publications">Churchmen's Committee for Decent Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminists_Fighting_Pornography" title="Feminists Fighting Pornography">Feminists Fighting Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_the_New_Drug" title="Fight the New Drug">Fight the New Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_Vow" title="The Marriage Vow">The Marriage Vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_More_Page_3" title="No More Page 3">No More Page 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bild_Sexism" title="Stop Bild Sexism">Stop Bild Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Child_Trafficking_Now" title="Stop Child Trafficking Now">Stop Child Trafficking Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Porn_Culture" title="Stop Porn Culture">Stop Porn Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Against_Pornography" title="Women Against Pornography">Women Against Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Against_Violence_in_Pornography_and_Media" title="Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media">Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXXchurch.com" title="XXXchurch.com">XXXchurch.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Overuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accountability_software" title="Accountability software">Accountability software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_monitoring_software" title="Employee monitoring software">Employee monitoring software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_filter" title="Internet filter">Internet filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NoFap" title="NoFap">NoFap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_controls" title="Parental controls">Parental controls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_pornography" title="Feminist views on pornography">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_pornography" title="Religious views on pornography">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_porn" title="Audio porn">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_pornography" title="Cartoon pornography">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_parody_film" title="Pornographic parody film">Parody</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_AI_pornography" title="Generative AI pornography">Generative AI pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_magazine" title="Pornographic magazine">Magazines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_magazines" title="List of pornographic magazines">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_3" title="Page 3">Page 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_content_in_video_games" title="Sexual content in video games">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_pornography" title="Effects of pornography">Possible effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_addiction" title="Pornography addiction">Pornography addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infections_in_the_pornography_industry" title="Sexually transmitted infections in the pornography industry">STDs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_performers_by_decade" title="List of pornographic performers by decade">Performers by decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_pornographic_actors" title="List of British pornographic actors">British performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_in_gay_pornographic_films" title="List of actors in gay pornographic films">Gay male performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_actors_who_appeared_in_mainstream_films" title="List of pornographic actors who appeared in mainstream films">Pornographic actors who appeared in mainstream films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mainstream_actors_who_have_appeared_in_pornographic_films" title="List of mainstream actors who have appeared in pornographic films">Mainstream actors who have appeared in pornographic films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pornographic_film_directors" title="List of pornographic film directors">Film directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hentai_creators" title="List of hentai creators">List of hentai creators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adultcon" title="Adultcon">Adultcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVN_Adult_Entertainment_Expo" title="AVN Adult Entertainment Expo">AVN Adult Entertainment Expo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_International_Erotic_Film_Festival" title="Barcelona International Erotic Film Festival">Barcelona International Erotic Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_International_Festival_of_Eroticism" title="Brussels International Festival of Eroticism">Brussels International Festival of Eroticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_Erotic_Ball" title="Exotic Erotic Ball">Exotic Erotic Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exxxotica_Expo" title="Exxxotica Expo">Exxxotica Expo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HUMP!" title="HUMP!">HUMP!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porn_Sunday" title="Porn Sunday">Porn Sunday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_movie_theater" title="Adult movie theater">Adult movie theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_safe_for_work" title="Not safe for work">Not safe for work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornification" title="Pornification">Pornification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornotopia" title="Pornotopia">Pornotopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R18_(British_Board_of_Film_Classification)" title="R18 (British Board of Film Classification)">R18 certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_34" title="Rule 34">Rule 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexualization" title="Sexualization">Sexualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_rating" title="X rating">X rating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_art" title="Erotic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_comics" title="Erotic comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_literature" title="Erotic literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_erotica" title="Women's erotica">Women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">Nudity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwatch_and_pornography" title="Overwatch and pornography">Overwatch and pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_and_pornography" title="Pokémon and pornography">Pokémon and pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribaldry" title="Ribaldry">Ribaldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights" title="Sexual and reproductive health and rights">Sexual and reproductive health and rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_v._Georgia" title="Stanley v. Georgia">Stanley v. Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagery_of_nude_celebrities" title="Imagery of nude celebrities">Imagery of nude celebrities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_sex_tape" title="Celebrity sex tape">sex tape</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FBAED2;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pornography" title="Category:Pornography">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Erotica_and_pornography" title="Portal:Erotica and pornography">Erotica and pornography portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_genres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see Exploitation film template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format, technique, approach, or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hentai&oldid=1255805424">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hentai&oldid=1255805424</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hentai" title="Category:Hentai">Hentai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hentai_anime_and_manga" title="Category:Hentai anime and manga">Hentai anime and manga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anime_and_manga_genres" title="Category:Anime and manga genres">Anime and manga genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anime_and_manga_terminology" title="Category:Anime and manga terminology">Anime and manga terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pornography_in_Japan" title="Category:Pornography in Japan">Pornography in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_sex_terms" title="Category:Japanese sex 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