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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Eye Movements</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">4,734 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Eye Movements</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Eye_Movements">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25004169" data-work_id="25004169" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25004169/Expanding_repertoire_in_the_oculomotor_periphery_selective_compartmental_function_in_rectus_extraocular_muscles">Expanding repertoire in the oculomotor periphery: selective compartmental function in rectus extraocular muscles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since connective tissue pulleys implement Listing's law by systematically changing rectus extraocular muscle (EOM) pulling directions, non-Listing's law gaze-dependence of the vestibuloocular reflex is currently inexplicable. Differential... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25004169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since connective tissue pulleys implement Listing's law by systematically changing rectus extraocular muscle (EOM) pulling directions, non-Listing's law gaze-dependence of the vestibuloocular reflex is currently inexplicable. Differential activation of compartments within rectus EOMs may endow the ocular motor system with more behavioral diversity than previously supposed. Innervation to horizontal, but not vertical, rectus EOMs of mammals is segregated into superior and inferior compartments. Magnetic resonance imaging in normal subjects demonstrates contractile changes in the lateral rectus (LR) inferior, but not superior, compartment during ocular counter-rolling (OCR) induced by head tilt. In human orbits ipsilesional to unilateral superior oblique palsy, neither LR compartment exhibits contractile change during head tilt, although the inferior compartment contracts normally in contralesional orbits. This suggests that differential compartmental LR contraction assists normal OCR. Computational simulation suggests that differential compartmental action in horizontal rectus EOMs could achieve more force than required by vertical fusional vergence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25004169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d82b71acaf829687b36a093252fa80ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45329215,"asset_id":25004169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45329215/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48196064" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosephDemer">Joseph Demer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48196064" type="text/json">{"id":48196064,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Demer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosephDemer","display_name":"Joseph Demer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosephDemer?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25004169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25004169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25004169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25004169", }); 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Differential activation of compartments within rectus EOMs may endow the ocular motor system with more behavioral diversity than previously supposed. Innervation to horizontal, but not vertical, rectus EOMs of mammals is segregated into superior and inferior compartments. Magnetic resonance imaging in normal subjects demonstrates contractile changes in the lateral rectus (LR) inferior, but not superior, compartment during ocular counter-rolling (OCR) induced by head tilt. In human orbits ipsilesional to unilateral superior oblique palsy, neither LR compartment exhibits contractile change during head tilt, although the inferior compartment contracts normally in contralesional orbits. This suggests that differential compartmental LR contraction assists normal OCR. Computational simulation suggests that differential compartmental action in horizontal rectus EOMs could achieve more force than required by vertical fusional vergence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45329215,"asset_id":25004169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48196064,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Demer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosephDemer","display_name":"Joseph Demer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosephDemer?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":129474,"name":"Connective 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18827422/Eye_Movement_Desensitization_and_Reprocessing_Some_Comments">Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Some Comments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Running head: EMDR 2 Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment methodology that can facilitate the adaptive integration of traumatic information.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18827422" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="summarized">This 18-month follow-up study builds on the findings of a randomized experimental evaluation that found qualified support for He has authored or coauthored over 100 publications, most of which deal with research methods or with empirical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19527214" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This 18-month follow-up study builds on the findings of a randomized experimental evaluation that found qualified support for He has authored or coauthored over 100 publications, most of which deal with research methods or with empirical evaluations of practice in such areas as domestic violence, severe and persistent mental illness, the assessment and treatment of traumatized children, engagement and retention in substance abuse treatment programs, and the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19527214" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8643925bea7bd0a8f9ecc85a9fe65074" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40673594,"asset_id":19527214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40673594/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45164868" data-work_id="45164868" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45164868/S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f_%C3%96%C4%9Fretmenlerinin_G%C3%B6z_Temas%C4%B1_Kurma_Davran%C4%B1%C5%9Flar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Baz%C4%B1_De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fkenlere_G%C3%B6re_%C4%B0ncelenmesi">Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Göz Teması Kurma Davranışlarının Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Araştırmanın temel amacı; sınıf öğretmenlerinin derste öğrencileriyle göz teması kurma davranışlarını ve bu davranışları hakkındaki görüşlerini, meslekî kıdemlerine, cinsiyetlerine, algısal öğrenme stillerine ve öğrencilerinin akademik... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45164868" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Araştırmanın temel amacı; sınıf öğretmenlerinin derste öğrencileriyle göz teması kurma davranışlarını ve bu davranışları hakkındaki görüşlerini, meslekî kıdemlerine, cinsiyetlerine, algısal öğrenme stillerine ve öğrencilerinin akademik başarı düzeyleri ile cinsiyetlerine göre incelemektir. Bu temel amaç doğrultusunda araştırmanın ilk iki bölümünde eğitim ve iletişim literatürü çerçevesinde araştırmanın problem durumu ve kuramsal çerçevesi tanımlanmış, sözsüz iletişim becerileri ile algısal öğrenme stilleri kapsamında araştırmanın temel kavramları teorik düzeyde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamında, veri toplama yöntemi olarak kullanılan göz izleme sistemi ve teknolojileri hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra, farklı bilim alanlarında yapılan göz izleme çalışmalarının sonuçlarına göre; öğretmenlerle öğrenciler arasında gerçekleşen göz teması kurma davranışlarının bu yöntemle ölçümlenip ölçümlenemeyeceği tartışılmıştır. Araştırmanın yönteminin anlatıldığı üçüncü bölümde, öncelikle araştırmanın modeli, değişkenleri, çalışma grubu, veri toplama yöntemleri ve araçları, sınırlılıkları, veri analiz süreçleri anlatılmıştır. Araştırmanın dördüncü bölümünde ise, araştırma kapsamında yapılan göz izleme testi ve diğer veri toplama yöntemleriyle ulaşılan bulgular, öncelikle öğretmenlerin göz teması kurma davranışları, daha sonra ise bu davranışları hakkındaki görüşleri kapsamında iki başlık altında anlatılarak yorumlanmıştır. Kıdem değişkenine göre odaklanma süresi anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır (p=0,039). Ancak, odaklanma sayısı kıdeme göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir (p=0,336). Başka bir anlatımla, sınıf öğretmenlerinin kıdemi, odaklanma süresini anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktörken, odaklanma sayısını anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktör olmadığı söylenebilir. Öğretmenlerin öğrenme stilleri değişkenine göre odaklanma süresi anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır (p=0,004). Ancak, odaklanma sayısı öğretmenlerin öğrenme stillerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir (p=0,199). Başka bir anlatımla, sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğrenme stilleri, odaklanma süresini anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktörken, odaklanma sayısını anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktör olmadığı söylenebilir. Öğrenci not ortalması değişkenine göre odaklanma süresi (p=0,031) ve odaklanma sayısı (p=0,022) öğrenci not ortalamasına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir Başka bir anlatımla, öğrencilerin not ortalamasının, odaklanma süresini ve odaklanma sayısını anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktör olduğu söylenebilir. Araştırmanın beşinci ve son bölümünde, öğretmenlerin meslekî kıdemlerinin, algısal öğrenme stillerinin ve öğrencilerin akademik başarılarının göz teması kurma davranışları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak öğretmenlerin cinsiyet değişkeninin ve öğrencilerin cinsiyet değişkeninin öğretmenlerin göz teması kurma davranışları üzerinde açıklayıcı etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin göz teması kurma davranışlarını geliştirmeye yararlı olabilecek ve gelecekte aynı konuda yapılacak araştırmalara ışık tutacak önerilerde bulunulmuştur. ANALYSING EYE CONTACT BEHAVIOURS OF CLASSROOM TEACHERS BASED ON SOME VARIABLES The main objective of the present study is to analyze eye contact behaviors of classroom teachers during the class and their opinions about such behaviors of them based on their professional seniority, gender, perceptional learning styles and level of academic achievement of their students. In line with this primary objective, the problem situation and the theoretical framework of the study is defined under the educational and communication literature in the first two chapters of the study, and then the main concepts of the study are analyzed in a theoretical level under the non-verbal communication skills and perceptional learning styles. In addition, upon giving information on the eye tracking system and technologies used as a data collection method, whether the eye contact behaviors between teachers and students can be measured through this method is discussed based on the results of the eye tracking studies conducted in different scientific disciplines. In the third chapter of the study where the method used is discussed, primarily the model, variables, work group, data collection methods, data collection tools, restrictions, data analysis of the study are described. In the forth chapter of the study, the findings obtained through the eye tracking test performed under the study and other data collection methods are interpreted in two headings: firstly, eye contact behaviors of teachers, and secondly, their opinions about such behaviours of them. There is a statistically signifant difference in focusing time based on the seniority variable (p=0,039). However, there is no statistically significant difference in the number of focusing based on the seniority variable. (p=0,336). In other words, while the seniority of the classroom teachers affects the focusing time significantly, it is possible to say that it does not affect the number of focusing significantly. There is a statistically significant difference in focusing time based on the teachers' learning styles variable (p=0,004). However, there is no statististically significant difference in the number of focusing based on the teachers' learning styles (p=0,199). In other words, while the classroom teacher's learning styles variable is a factor that affects the focusing time significantly, it is possible to say that it is a factor that does not affect the number of focusing significantly. There is a statistically significant difference in focusing time (p=0,031) and number of focusing (p=0,022) based on the students' grade point average variable. In other words, students' grade-point average is a factor that significantly affects the focusing time and number of focusing of the students. In the fifth and final chapter of the study, it reveals that there is a statistically significant relation between the eye contact behaviours, professional seniority and percentional learning styles of teachers, and academic achievement of students. However, it is found that teachers' gender variable and students' gender variable do not have a descriptive influence on the eye contact behaviours of the teachers. Consequently, according to the findings obtained at the end of the study, recommendations are made that would help improve the eye contact behaviors of the teachers and shed light on the future studies on the same issue.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45164868" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67fda77cd2e7b4d47106d42a6b51403d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65743555,"asset_id":45164868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65743555/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30161638" href="https://gazi.academia.edu/SerkanD%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn">Serkan Düzgün</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30161638" type="text/json">{"id":30161638,"first_name":"Serkan","last_name":"Düzgün","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"SerkanDüzgün","display_name":"Serkan Düzgün","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/SerkanD%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30161638/8721546/140594156/s65_serkan.d_zg_n.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45164868 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45164868"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45164868, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45164868", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45164868]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45164868").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45164868").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45164868"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1755" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking">Eye tracking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1755" type="text/json">{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Styles">Learning Styles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7255" type="text/json">{"id":7255,"name":"Learning Styles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Styles?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11832" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonverbal_Communication">Nonverbal Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11832" type="text/json">{"id":11832,"name":"Nonverbal Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonverbal_Communication?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40502" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher">Teacher</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40502" type="text/json">{"id":40502,"name":"Teacher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45164868]'), work: {"id":45164868,"title":"Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Göz Teması Kurma Davranışlarının Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi","created_at":"2021-02-21T12:56:00.838-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45164868/S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f_%C3%96%C4%9Fretmenlerinin_G%C3%B6z_Temas%C4%B1_Kurma_Davran%C4%B1%C5%9Flar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Baz%C4%B1_De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fkenlere_G%C3%B6re_%C4%B0ncelenmesi?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_45164868","summary":"Araştırmanın temel amacı; sınıf öğretmenlerinin derste öğrencileriyle göz teması kurma davranışlarını ve bu davranışları hakkındaki görüşlerini, meslekî kıdemlerine, cinsiyetlerine, algısal öğrenme stillerine ve öğrencilerinin akademik başarı düzeyleri ile cinsiyetlerine göre incelemektir. Bu temel amaç doğrultusunda araştırmanın ilk iki bölümünde eğitim ve iletişim literatürü çerçevesinde araştırmanın problem durumu ve kuramsal çerçevesi tanımlanmış, sözsüz iletişim becerileri ile algısal öğrenme stilleri kapsamında araştırmanın temel kavramları teorik düzeyde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamında, veri toplama yöntemi olarak kullanılan göz izleme sistemi ve teknolojileri hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra, farklı bilim alanlarında yapılan göz izleme çalışmalarının sonuçlarına göre; öğretmenlerle öğrenciler arasında gerçekleşen göz teması kurma davranışlarının bu yöntemle ölçümlenip ölçümlenemeyeceği tartışılmıştır. Araştırmanın yönteminin anlatıldığı üçüncü bölümde, öncelikle araştırmanın modeli, değişkenleri, çalışma grubu, veri toplama yöntemleri ve araçları, sınırlılıkları, veri analiz süreçleri anlatılmıştır. Araştırmanın dördüncü bölümünde ise, araştırma kapsamında yapılan göz izleme testi ve diğer veri toplama yöntemleriyle ulaşılan bulgular, öncelikle öğretmenlerin göz teması kurma davranışları, daha sonra ise bu davranışları hakkındaki görüşleri kapsamında iki başlık altında anlatılarak yorumlanmıştır. Kıdem değişkenine göre odaklanma süresi anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır (p=0,039). Ancak, odaklanma sayısı kıdeme göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir (p=0,336). Başka bir anlatımla, sınıf öğretmenlerinin kıdemi, odaklanma süresini anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktörken, odaklanma sayısını anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktör olmadığı söylenebilir. Öğretmenlerin öğrenme stilleri değişkenine göre odaklanma süresi anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır (p=0,004). Ancak, odaklanma sayısı öğretmenlerin öğrenme stillerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir (p=0,199). Başka bir anlatımla, sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğrenme stilleri, odaklanma süresini anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktörken, odaklanma sayısını anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktör olmadığı söylenebilir. Öğrenci not ortalması değişkenine göre odaklanma süresi (p=0,031) ve odaklanma sayısı (p=0,022) öğrenci not ortalamasına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir Başka bir anlatımla, öğrencilerin not ortalamasının, odaklanma süresini ve odaklanma sayısını anlamlı düzeyde etkileyen bir faktör olduğu söylenebilir. Araştırmanın beşinci ve son bölümünde, öğretmenlerin meslekî kıdemlerinin, algısal öğrenme stillerinin ve öğrencilerin akademik başarılarının göz teması kurma davranışları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak öğretmenlerin cinsiyet değişkeninin ve öğrencilerin cinsiyet değişkeninin öğretmenlerin göz teması kurma davranışları üzerinde açıklayıcı etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin göz teması kurma davranışlarını geliştirmeye yararlı olabilecek ve gelecekte aynı konuda yapılacak araştırmalara ışık tutacak önerilerde bulunulmuştur. ANALYSING EYE CONTACT BEHAVIOURS OF CLASSROOM TEACHERS BASED ON SOME VARIABLES The main objective of the present study is to analyze eye contact behaviors of classroom teachers during the class and their opinions about such behaviors of them based on their professional seniority, gender, perceptional learning styles and level of academic achievement of their students. In line with this primary objective, the problem situation and the theoretical framework of the study is defined under the educational and communication literature in the first two chapters of the study, and then the main concepts of the study are analyzed in a theoretical level under the non-verbal communication skills and perceptional learning styles. In addition, upon giving information on the eye tracking system and technologies used as a data collection method, whether the eye contact behaviors between teachers and students can be measured through this method is discussed based on the results of the eye tracking studies conducted in different scientific disciplines. In the third chapter of the study where the method used is discussed, primarily the model, variables, work group, data collection methods, data collection tools, restrictions, data analysis of the study are described. In the forth chapter of the study, the findings obtained through the eye tracking test performed under the study and other data collection methods are interpreted in two headings: firstly, eye contact behaviors of teachers, and secondly, their opinions about such behaviours of them. There is a statistically signifant difference in focusing time based on the seniority variable (p=0,039). However, there is no statistically significant difference in the number of focusing based on the seniority variable. (p=0,336). In other words, while the seniority of the classroom teachers affects the focusing time significantly, it is possible to say that it does not affect the number of focusing significantly. There is a statistically significant difference in focusing time based on the teachers' learning styles variable (p=0,004). However, there is no statististically significant difference in the number of focusing based on the teachers' learning styles (p=0,199). In other words, while the classroom teacher's learning styles variable is a factor that affects the focusing time significantly, it is possible to say that it is a factor that does not affect the number of focusing significantly. There is a statistically significant difference in focusing time (p=0,031) and number of focusing (p=0,022) based on the students' grade point average variable. In other words, students' grade-point average is a factor that significantly affects the focusing time and number of focusing of the students. In the fifth and final chapter of the study, it reveals that there is a statistically significant relation between the eye contact behaviours, professional seniority and percentional learning styles of teachers, and academic achievement of students. However, it is found that teachers' gender variable and students' gender variable do not have a descriptive influence on the eye contact behaviours of the teachers. Consequently, according to the findings obtained at the end of the study, recommendations are made that would help improve the eye contact behaviors of the teachers and shed light on the future studies on the same issue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65743555,"asset_id":45164868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30161638,"first_name":"Serkan","last_name":"Düzgün","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"SerkanDüzgün","display_name":"Serkan Düzgün","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/SerkanD%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30161638/8721546/140594156/s65_serkan.d_zg_n.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7255,"name":"Learning Styles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Styles?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":11832,"name":"Nonverbal 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Turano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TuranoKathleen?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/213603211/72451667/60916599/s65_kathleen.turano.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=143507"},{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision?f_ri=143507"},{"id":86869,"name":"Low vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_vision?f_ri=143507"},{"id":107148,"name":"Saccades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades?f_ri=143507"},{"id":123472,"name":"Exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploration?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":152087,"name":"Word","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Word?f_ri=143507"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=143507"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=143507"},{"id":450117,"name":"Scotoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotoma?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53465059" data-work_id="53465059" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53465059/Vestibular_adaptation_to_long_term_stimuli">Vestibular adaptation to long-term stimuli</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53465059" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44135917" href="https://independent.academia.edu/profwolfgangzangemeister">prof wolfgang zangemeister</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44135917" type="text/json">{"id":44135917,"first_name":"prof wolfgang","last_name":"zangemeister","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"profwolfgangzangemeister","display_name":"prof wolfgang zangemeister","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/profwolfgangzangemeister?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53465059 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53465059"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53465059, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53465059", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53465059 InlineList-item 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements">Eye Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143507" type="text/json">{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="234860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steady_state">Steady state</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="234860" type="text/json">{"id":234860,"name":"Steady state","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steady_state?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="291387" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model">Mathematical Model</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="291387" type="text/json">{"id":291387,"name":"Mathematical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53465059]'), work: {"id":53465059,"title":"Vestibular adaptation to long-term stimuli","created_at":"2021-09-27T00:06:23.334-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53465059/Vestibular_adaptation_to_long_term_stimuli?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_53465059","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70296625,"asset_id":53465059,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44135917,"first_name":"prof wolfgang","last_name":"zangemeister","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"profwolfgangzangemeister","display_name":"prof wolfgang zangemeister","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/profwolfgangzangemeister?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31448401" data-work_id="31448401" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31448401/Marihuana_and_driving_">Marihuana and driving†</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31448401" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b389e99a7d9826eb6ff47a7f42834871" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51807505,"asset_id":31448401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51807505/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60031419" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HerbertMoskowitz">Herbert Moskowitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60031419" type="text/json">{"id":60031419,"first_name":"Herbert","last_name":"Moskowitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HerbertMoskowitz","display_name":"Herbert Moskowitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HerbertMoskowitz?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31448401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31448401"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31448401, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31448401", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31448401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31448401; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31448401"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31448401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31448401"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31448401; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31448401]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31448401").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31448401").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31448401"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="867" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception">Perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="867" type="text/json">{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11558" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions">Drug interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11558" type="text/json">{"id":11558,"name":"Drug interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking">Risk Taking</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13590" type="text/json">{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31448401]'), work: {"id":31448401,"title":"Marihuana and driving†","created_at":"2017-02-15T07:58:11.298-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31448401/Marihuana_and_driving_?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_31448401","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51807505,"asset_id":31448401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60031419,"first_name":"Herbert","last_name":"Moskowitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HerbertMoskowitz","display_name":"Herbert Moskowitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HerbertMoskowitz?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":11558,"name":"Drug interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=143507"},{"id":399641,"name":"Accident analysis and prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accident_analysis_and_prevention?f_ri=143507"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=143507"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=143507"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=143507"},{"id":461750,"name":"Aircraft","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aircraft?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2248971,"name":"Automobile driving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobile_driving?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67937724" data-work_id="67937724" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67937724/Holistic_face_processing_can_be_independent_of_gaze_behaviour_Evidence_from_the_composite_face_illusion">Holistic face processing can be independent of gaze behaviour: Evidence from the composite face illusion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">People tend to perceive identical top halves (i.e. above the nose) of two face stimuli as being different when they are aligned with distinct bottom halves. This composite face illusion is generally considered as the most compelling... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67937724" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">People tend to perceive identical top halves (i.e. above the nose) of two face stimuli as being different when they are aligned with distinct bottom halves. This composite face illusion is generally considered as the most compelling evidence that facial features are integrated into a holistic representation. Here, we recorded eye-movements during the composite face illusion in a delayed matching task of top halves of faces. Behavioural results showed a strong composite face effect, participants making more mistakes and taking longer time to match two identical top halves of faces when they were aligned (vs. misaligned) with different bottom halves. Importantly, fixation sites and eyemovements were virtually identical when the top and bottom parts were aligned (composite illusion) or misaligned (no illusion), indicating that holistic face processing can be independent of gaze behaviour. These findings reinforce the view that holistic representations of individual faces can be extracted early on from information at a relatively coarse scale, independently of overt attention.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67937724" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="719c33a8fd4069ed613eb94ee34272c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78597790,"asset_id":67937724,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78597790/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13010803" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrancescaSimion">Francesca Simion</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13010803" type="text/json">{"id":13010803,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Simion","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancescaSimion","display_name":"Francesca Simion","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancescaSimion?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67937724 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67937724"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67937724, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67937724", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67937724 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67937724; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67937724"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67937724 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67937724"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67937724; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67937724]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67937724").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67937724").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67937724"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="251" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="251" type="text/json">{"id":251,"name":"Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1755" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking">Eye tracking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1755" type="text/json">{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67937724]'), work: {"id":67937724,"title":"Holistic face processing can be independent of gaze behaviour: Evidence from the composite face illusion","created_at":"2022-01-13T03:22:36.044-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67937724/Holistic_face_processing_can_be_independent_of_gaze_behaviour_Evidence_from_the_composite_face_illusion?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_67937724","summary":"People tend to perceive identical top halves (i.e. above the nose) of two face stimuli as being different when they are aligned with distinct bottom halves. This composite face illusion is generally considered as the most compelling evidence that facial features are integrated into a holistic representation. Here, we recorded eye-movements during the composite face illusion in a delayed matching task of top halves of faces. Behavioural results showed a strong composite face effect, participants making more mistakes and taking longer time to match two identical top halves of faces when they were aligned (vs. misaligned) with different bottom halves. Importantly, fixation sites and eyemovements were virtually identical when the top and bottom parts were aligned (composite illusion) or misaligned (no illusion), indicating that holistic face processing can be independent of gaze behaviour. These findings reinforce the view that holistic representations of individual faces can be extracted early on from information at a relatively coarse scale, independently of overt attention.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78597790,"asset_id":67937724,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13010803,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Simion","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancescaSimion","display_name":"Francesca Simion","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancescaSimion?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":251,"name":"Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507"},{"id":11636,"name":"Face","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face?f_ri=143507"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=143507"},{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision?f_ri=143507"},{"id":84743,"name":"Faces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faces?f_ri=143507"},{"id":100928,"name":"Face processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_processing?f_ri=143507"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":147919,"name":"Optical Illusions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Illusions?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2849038,"name":"photic stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/photic_stimulation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66756822" data-work_id="66756822" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66756822/Fear_specific_amygdala_function_in_children_and_adolescents_on_the_fragile_X_spectrum_a_dosage_response_of_the_FMR1_gene">Fear-specific amygdala function in children and adolescents on the fragile X spectrum: a dosage response of the FMR1 gene</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene are the genetic cause of fragile X syndrome (FXS). The presence of significant socioemotional problems has been well documented in FXS although the brain basis of those deficits... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66756822" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene are the genetic cause of fragile X syndrome (FXS). The presence of significant socioemotional problems has been well documented in FXS although the brain basis of those deficits remains unspecified. Here, we investigated amygdala dysfunction and its relation to socioemotional deficits and FMR1 gene expression in children and adolescents on the FX spectrum (ie, individuals whose trinucleotide CGG repeat expansion from 55 to over 200 places them somewhere ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66756822" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="41e000d9c221b03e4a8e3c4332e89f3d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77825621,"asset_id":66756822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77825621/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="185791954" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SoyeonKim118">Soyeon Kim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="185791954" type="text/json">{"id":185791954,"first_name":"Soyeon","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SoyeonKim118","display_name":"Soyeon Kim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SoyeonKim118?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/185791954/70823874/59253653/s65_soyeon.kim.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66756822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66756822"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66756822, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66756822", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66756822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66756822; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66756822"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66756822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66756822"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66756822; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66756822]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66756822").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66756822").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66756822"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3931" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear">Fear</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3931" type="text/json">{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66756822]'), work: {"id":66756822,"title":"Fear-specific amygdala function in children and adolescents on the fragile X spectrum: a dosage response of the FMR1 gene","created_at":"2021-12-31T22:12:20.309-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66756822/Fear_specific_amygdala_function_in_children_and_adolescents_on_the_fragile_X_spectrum_a_dosage_response_of_the_FMR1_gene?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_66756822","summary":"Mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene are the genetic cause of fragile X syndrome (FXS). The presence of significant socioemotional problems has been well documented in FXS although the brain basis of those deficits remains unspecified. Here, we investigated amygdala dysfunction and its relation to socioemotional deficits and FMR1 gene expression in children and adolescents on the FX spectrum (ie, individuals whose trinucleotide CGG repeat expansion from 55 to over 200 places them somewhere ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77825621,"asset_id":66756822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":185791954,"first_name":"Soyeon","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SoyeonKim118","display_name":"Soyeon Kim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SoyeonKim118?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/185791954/70823874/59253653/s65_soyeon.kim.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507"},{"id":78467,"name":"Cerebral Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Cortex?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":159962,"name":"Amygdala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amygdala?f_ri=143507"},{"id":172097,"name":"Fragile X Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fragile_X_Syndrome?f_ri=143507"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48939588" data-work_id="48939588" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48939588/Eye_movements_in_patients_with_Whiplash_Associated_Disorders_a_systematic_review">Eye movements in patients with Whiplash Associated Disorders: a systematic review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many people with Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) report problems with vision, some of which may be due to impaired eye movements. Better understanding of such impaired eye movements could improve diagnostics and treatment strategies.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48939588" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many people with Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) report problems with vision, some of which may be due to impaired eye movements. Better understanding of such impaired eye movements could improve diagnostics and treatment strategies. This systematic review surveys the current evidence on changes in eye movements of patients with WAD and explains how the oculomotor system is tested. Nine electronic data bases were searched for relevant articles from inception until September 2015. All studies which investigated eye movements in patients with WAD and included a healthy control group were screened for inclusion. Qualifying studies were retrieved and independently assessed for methodological quality using the Methodology Checklists provided by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Fourteen studies out of 833 unique hits were included. Ten studies reported impaired eye movements in patients with WAD and in four studies no differences compared to healthy controls were found...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48939588" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7034d101a3f55174fcd085af6e719267" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67339234,"asset_id":48939588,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67339234/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="191069079" href="https://eur.academia.edu/GertJanKleinrensink">Gert-Jan Kleinrensink</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="191069079" type="text/json">{"id":191069079,"first_name":"Gert-Jan","last_name":"Kleinrensink","domain_name":"eur","page_name":"GertJanKleinrensink","display_name":"Gert-Jan Kleinrensink","profile_url":"https://eur.academia.edu/GertJanKleinrensink?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48939588 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48939588"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48939588, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48939588", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48939588 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48939588; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48939588"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48939588 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48939588"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48939588; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48939588]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48939588").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48939588").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48939588"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements">Eye Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143507" type="text/json">{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="329042" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements">Head Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="329042" type="text/json">{"id":329042,"name":"Head Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="469022" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision_Disorders">Vision Disorders</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="469022" type="text/json">{"id":469022,"name":"Vision Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision_Disorders?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48939588]'), work: {"id":48939588,"title":"Eye movements in patients with Whiplash Associated Disorders: a systematic review","created_at":"2021-05-16T11:37:18.543-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48939588/Eye_movements_in_patients_with_Whiplash_Associated_Disorders_a_systematic_review?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_48939588","summary":"Many people with Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) report problems with vision, some of which may be due to impaired eye movements. Better understanding of such impaired eye movements could improve diagnostics and treatment strategies. This systematic review surveys the current evidence on changes in eye movements of patients with WAD and explains how the oculomotor system is tested. Nine electronic data bases were searched for relevant articles from inception until September 2015. All studies which investigated eye movements in patients with WAD and included a healthy control group were screened for inclusion. Qualifying studies were retrieved and independently assessed for methodological quality using the Methodology Checklists provided by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Fourteen studies out of 833 unique hits were included. Ten studies reported impaired eye movements in patients with WAD and in four studies no differences compared to healthy controls were found...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67339234,"asset_id":48939588,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":191069079,"first_name":"Gert-Jan","last_name":"Kleinrensink","domain_name":"eur","page_name":"GertJanKleinrensink","display_name":"Gert-Jan Kleinrensink","profile_url":"https://eur.academia.edu/GertJanKleinrensink?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":329042,"name":"Head Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":469022,"name":"Vision Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision_Disorders?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":3637175,"name":"Whiplash Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whiplash_Injuries?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48419190" data-work_id="48419190" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48419190/Functional_imaging_of_human_right_hemispheric_activation_for_exploratory_movements">Functional imaging of human right hemispheric activation for exploratory movements</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We employed positron emission tomography to examine the functional anatomy of the exploratory-motor aspect of spatial attention. Subjects moved their right hand under nonexploratory (control) versus exploratory (active) conditions.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48419190" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We employed positron emission tomography to examine the functional anatomy of the exploratory-motor aspect of spatial attention. Subjects moved their right hand under nonexploratory (control) versus exploratory (active) conditions. Movement architecture and eye movements were matched across conditions. Statistical parametric maps of the exploratory (active) minus nonexploratory (control) tasks in subjects using their right hand in the right hemispace demonstrated activation in right cingulate, premotor and posterior parietal areas. The net activation of multiple right hemisphere cortical areas ipsilateral to the active limb and hemispace strongly supports the predicted, distributed network anatomy and is consistent with possible right hemispheric dominance for exploratory attentional movements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48419190" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="645d7bc64af18d4dcff018913804e8d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67041546,"asset_id":48419190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67041546/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49146300" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/LeonardScinto">Leonard F M Scinto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49146300" type="text/json">{"id":49146300,"first_name":"Leonard","last_name":"Scinto","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"LeonardScinto","display_name":"Leonard F M Scinto","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/LeonardScinto?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48419190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48419190"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48419190, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48419190", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48419190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48419190; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48419190"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48419190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48419190"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48419190; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48419190]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48419190").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48419190").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48419190"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention">Attention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7736" type="text/json">{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45349" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_perception">Space perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45349" type="text/json">{"id":45349,"name":"Space perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52176" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping">Brain Mapping</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52176" type="text/json">{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48419190]'), work: {"id":48419190,"title":"Functional imaging of human right hemispheric activation for exploratory movements","created_at":"2021-05-04T18:01:11.648-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48419190/Functional_imaging_of_human_right_hemispheric_activation_for_exploratory_movements?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_48419190","summary":"We employed positron emission tomography to examine the functional anatomy of the exploratory-motor aspect of spatial attention. Subjects moved their right hand under nonexploratory (control) versus exploratory (active) conditions. Movement architecture and eye movements were matched across conditions. Statistical parametric maps of the exploratory (active) minus nonexploratory (control) tasks in subjects using their right hand in the right hemispace demonstrated activation in right cingulate, premotor and posterior parietal areas. The net activation of multiple right hemisphere cortical areas ipsilateral to the active limb and hemispace strongly supports the predicted, distributed network anatomy and is consistent with possible right hemispheric dominance for exploratory attentional movements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67041546,"asset_id":48419190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49146300,"first_name":"Leonard","last_name":"Scinto","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"LeonardScinto","display_name":"Leonard F M Scinto","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/LeonardScinto?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":45349,"name":"Space perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":65835,"name":"Human right","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_right?f_ri=143507"},{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":100946,"name":"Functional Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Imaging?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":153836,"name":"Motor Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Cortex?f_ri=143507"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":277717,"name":"Somatosensory Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somatosensory_Cortex?f_ri=143507"},{"id":375439,"name":"Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=143507"},{"id":500368,"name":"Hand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hand?f_ri=143507"},{"id":710565,"name":"Annals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Annals?f_ri=143507"},{"id":768867,"name":"Exploratory Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploratory_Behavior?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2234200,"name":"Functional Laterality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Laterality?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19075759" data-work_id="19075759" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19075759/Looking_for_the_answer_The_minds_eye_in_number_space">Looking for the answer: The mind's eye in number space</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Human subjects' answer to questions like "what number is halfway between 2 and 8" provides insights into spatial attention mechanisms involved in numerical processing. Here we show that mental numerical bisections are accompanied by a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19075759" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Human subjects' answer to questions like "what number is halfway between 2 and 8" provides insights into spatial attention mechanisms involved in numerical processing. Here we show that mental numerical bisections are accompanied by a systematic pattern of horizontal eye movements: processing of a large number followed by a small number is accompanied with leftward eye movements, a tendency less pronounced or even reversed for the processing of a small number followed by a large number. The eyes thus appear to move along a left-to-right-oriented number line, indicating that shifts of attention in representational space are accompanied by an ocular motor orienting response. These results add to the growing evidence for a convergence of numerical processing, spatial attention, and movement planning in the parietal and frontal lobes. They also demonstrate the homologous relationship between our internal representations of numbers and space, and show that the concept of "number space" is more than a mere metaphor.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19075759" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="448865d77ee697ecae89eba827613ea8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40417027,"asset_id":19075759,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40417027/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24113339" href="https://usz.academia.edu/peterbrugger">peter brugger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24113339" type="text/json">{"id":24113339,"first_name":"peter","last_name":"brugger","domain_name":"usz","page_name":"peterbrugger","display_name":"peter brugger","profile_url":"https://usz.academia.edu/peterbrugger?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19075759 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19075759"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19075759, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19075759", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19075759 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19075759; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19075759"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19075759 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19075759"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19075759; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19075759]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19075759").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19075759").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19075759"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="300" type="text/json">{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention">Attention</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7736" type="text/json">{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19075759]'), work: {"id":19075759,"title":"Looking for the answer: The mind's eye in number space","created_at":"2015-11-26T22:40:09.077-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19075759/Looking_for_the_answer_The_minds_eye_in_number_space?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_19075759","summary":"Human subjects' answer to questions like \"what number is halfway between 2 and 8\" provides insights into spatial attention mechanisms involved in numerical processing. Here we show that mental numerical bisections are accompanied by a systematic pattern of horizontal eye movements: processing of a large number followed by a small number is accompanied with leftward eye movements, a tendency less pronounced or even reversed for the processing of a small number followed by a large number. The eyes thus appear to move along a left-to-right-oriented number line, indicating that shifts of attention in representational space are accompanied by an ocular motor orienting response. These results add to the growing evidence for a convergence of numerical processing, spatial attention, and movement planning in the parietal and frontal lobes. They also demonstrate the homologous relationship between our internal representations of numbers and space, and show that the concept of \"number space\" is more than a mere metaphor.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40417027,"asset_id":19075759,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24113339,"first_name":"peter","last_name":"brugger","domain_name":"usz","page_name":"peterbrugger","display_name":"peter brugger","profile_url":"https://usz.academia.edu/peterbrugger?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":56633,"name":"Spatial Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Attention?f_ri=143507"},{"id":142889,"name":"Mental processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_processes?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1257483,"name":"Frontal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontal_Lobe?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17714902" data-work_id="17714902" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17714902/The_Thatcher_illusion_in_humans_and_monkeys">The Thatcher illusion in humans and monkeys</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Primates possess the remarkable ability to differentiate faces of group members and to extract relevant information about the individual directly from the face. Recognition of conspecific faces is achieved by means of holistic processing,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17714902" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Primates possess the remarkable ability to differentiate faces of group members and to extract relevant information about the individual directly from the face. Recognition of conspecific faces is achieved by means of holistic processing, i.e. the processing of the face as an unparsed, perceptual whole, rather than as the collection of independent features (part-based processing). The most striking example of holistic processing is the Thatcher illusion. Local changes in facial features are hardly noticeable when the whole face is inverted (rotated 1808), but strikingly grotesque when the face is upright. This effect can be explained by a lack of processing capabilities for locally rotated facial features when the face is turned upside down. Recently, a Thatcher illusion was described in the macaque monkey analogous to that known from human investigations. Using a habituation paradigm combined with eye tracking, we address the critical follow-up questions raised in the aforementioned study to show the Thatcher illusion as a function of the observer's species (humans and macaques), the stimulus' species (humans and macaques) and the level of perceptual expertise (novice, expert).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17714902" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="181a7f7efa215d97944efd05a91bb904" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39670623,"asset_id":17714902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39670623/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37436063" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HeinrichB%C3%BClthoff">Heinrich Bülthoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37436063" type="text/json">{"id":37436063,"first_name":"Heinrich","last_name":"Bülthoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeinrichBülthoff","display_name":"Heinrich Bülthoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeinrichB%C3%BClthoff?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17714902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17714902"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17714902, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17714902", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17714902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17714902; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17714902"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17714902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17714902"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17714902; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17714902]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17714902").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17714902").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17714902"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face">Face</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11636" type="text/json">{"id":11636,"name":"Face","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements">Eye Movements</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="143507" type="text/json">{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17714902]'), work: {"id":17714902,"title":"The Thatcher illusion in humans and monkeys","created_at":"2015-11-04T01:13:34.509-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17714902/The_Thatcher_illusion_in_humans_and_monkeys?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_17714902","summary":"Primates possess the remarkable ability to differentiate faces of group members and to extract relevant information about the individual directly from the face. Recognition of conspecific faces is achieved by means of holistic processing, i.e. the processing of the face as an unparsed, perceptual whole, rather than as the collection of independent features (part-based processing). The most striking example of holistic processing is the Thatcher illusion. Local changes in facial features are hardly noticeable when the whole face is inverted (rotated 1808), but strikingly grotesque when the face is upright. This effect can be explained by a lack of processing capabilities for locally rotated facial features when the face is turned upside down. Recently, a Thatcher illusion was described in the macaque monkey analogous to that known from human investigations. Using a habituation paradigm combined with eye tracking, we address the critical follow-up questions raised in the aforementioned study to show the Thatcher illusion as a function of the observer's species (humans and macaques), the stimulus' species (humans and macaques) and the level of perceptual expertise (novice, expert).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39670623,"asset_id":17714902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37436063,"first_name":"Heinrich","last_name":"Bülthoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeinrichBülthoff","display_name":"Heinrich Bülthoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeinrichB%C3%BClthoff?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11636,"name":"Face","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":147919,"name":"Optical Illusions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Illusions?f_ri=143507"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=143507"},{"id":573267,"name":"Macaca Mulatta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaca_Mulatta?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17526771" data-work_id="17526771" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17526771/Zebrafish_retinal_mutants">Zebrafish retinal mutants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have initiated a genetic analysis of the zebrafish visual system to identify novel molecules involved in vertebrate retinal function. Zebrafish are highly visual; they have four types of cones as well as rod photoreceptors, making it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17526771" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have initiated a genetic analysis of the zebrafish visual system to identify novel molecules involved in vertebrate retinal function. Zebrafish are highly visual; they have four types of cones as well as rod photoreceptors, making it possible to study both rod and cone-mediated visual responses. To identify visual mutants, optokinetic responses of mutagenized larvae are measured in a three-generation screen for recessive mutations. By measuring visual behavior our genetic screen has been targeted towards identifying mutants that do not have gross morphological abnormalities. The electroretinogram (ERG) of optokinetic-defective mutants is recorded and their retinas are examined histologically to localize defects to the retina. In this report, we summarize our screening results and ERG and histological analyses of the five morphologically normal mutants we have analyzed to date. Additionally, the more detailed characterization of a red-blind mutant that we have isolated is summariz...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17526771" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="330cfba16ad7fc99a0f1300525c4c1ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42251458,"asset_id":17526771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42251458/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37298557" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanBrockerhoff">Susan Brockerhoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37298557" type="text/json">{"id":37298557,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Brockerhoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanBrockerhoff","display_name":"Susan Brockerhoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanBrockerhoff?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17526771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17526771"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17526771, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17526771", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17526771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17526771; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17526771"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17526771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17526771"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17526771; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17526771]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17526771").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17526771").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17526771"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59692" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision">Vision</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59692" type="text/json">{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation">Mutation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74780" type="text/json">{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84745" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement">Movement</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84745" type="text/json">{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="117200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retina">Retina</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="117200" type="text/json">{"id":117200,"name":"Retina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retina?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17526771]'), work: {"id":17526771,"title":"Zebrafish retinal mutants","created_at":"2015-10-30T12:08:00.077-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17526771/Zebrafish_retinal_mutants?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_17526771","summary":"We have initiated a genetic analysis of the zebrafish visual system to identify novel molecules involved in vertebrate retinal function. Zebrafish are highly visual; they have four types of cones as well as rod photoreceptors, making it possible to study both rod and cone-mediated visual responses. To identify visual mutants, optokinetic responses of mutagenized larvae are measured in a three-generation screen for recessive mutations. By measuring visual behavior our genetic screen has been targeted towards identifying mutants that do not have gross morphological abnormalities. The electroretinogram (ERG) of optokinetic-defective mutants is recorded and their retinas are examined histologically to localize defects to the retina. In this report, we summarize our screening results and ERG and histological analyses of the five morphologically normal mutants we have analyzed to date. Additionally, the more detailed characterization of a red-blind mutant that we have isolated is summariz...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42251458,"asset_id":17526771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37298557,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Brockerhoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanBrockerhoff","display_name":"Susan Brockerhoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanBrockerhoff?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":117200,"name":"Retina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retina?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":117270,"name":"Fishes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes?f_ri=143507"},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16810815" data-work_id="16810815" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16810815/Children_and_Older_Adults_Exhibit_Distinct_Sub_Optimal_Cost_Benefit_Functions_when_Preparing_to_Move_Their_Eyes_and_Hands">Children and Older Adults Exhibit Distinct Sub-Optimal Cost-Benefit Functions when Preparing to Move Their Eyes and Hands</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Numerous activities require an individual to respond quickly to the correct stimulus. The provision of advance information allows response priming but heightened responses can cause errors (responding too early or reacting to the wrong... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16810815" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Numerous activities require an individual to respond quickly to the correct stimulus. The provision of advance information allows response priming but heightened responses can cause errors (responding too early or reacting to the wrong stimulus). Thus, a balance is required between the online cognitive mechanisms (inhibitory and anticipatory) used to prepare and execute a motor response at the appropriate time. We investigated the use of advance information in 71 participants across four different age groups: (i) children, (ii) young adults, (iii) middle-aged adults, and (iv) older adults. We implemented 'cued' and 'non-cued' conditions to assess age-related changes in saccadic and touch responses to targets in three movement conditions: (a) Eyes only; (b) Hands only; (c) Eyes and Hand. Children made less saccade errors compared to young adults, but they also exhibited longer response times in cued versus non-cued conditions. In contrast, older adults showed faster responses in cued conditions but exhibited more errors. The results indicate that young adults (18-25 years) achieve an optimal balance between anticipation and execution. In contrast, children show benefits (few errors) and costs (slow responses) of good inhibition when preparing a motor response based on advance information; whilst older adults show the benefits and costs associated with a prospective response strategy (i.e., good anticipation). Fig 5. Mean Non-Cued and Cued touch times (± SD) during HO (A) and EH (B) across the age groups.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16810815" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11e65803de66fb6f717ffe5d8d5c51da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39195776,"asset_id":16810815,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39195776/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6056" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/MelanieBurke">Melanie Burke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6056" type="text/json">{"id":6056,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Burke","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"MelanieBurke","display_name":"Melanie Burke","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/MelanieBurke?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6056/2349/2367/s65_melanie.burke.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16810815 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16810815"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16810815, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16810815", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16810815 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16810815; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16810815"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16810815 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16810815"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16810815; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16810815]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16810815").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16810815").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16810815"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16810815]'), work: {"id":16810815,"title":"Children and Older Adults Exhibit Distinct Sub-Optimal Cost-Benefit Functions when Preparing to Move Their Eyes and Hands","created_at":"2015-10-14T22:49:31.786-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16810815/Children_and_Older_Adults_Exhibit_Distinct_Sub_Optimal_Cost_Benefit_Functions_when_Preparing_to_Move_Their_Eyes_and_Hands?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_16810815","summary":"Numerous activities require an individual to respond quickly to the correct stimulus. The provision of advance information allows response priming but heightened responses can cause errors (responding too early or reacting to the wrong stimulus). Thus, a balance is required between the online cognitive mechanisms (inhibitory and anticipatory) used to prepare and execute a motor response at the appropriate time. We investigated the use of advance information in 71 participants across four different age groups: (i) children, (ii) young adults, (iii) middle-aged adults, and (iv) older adults. We implemented 'cued' and 'non-cued' conditions to assess age-related changes in saccadic and touch responses to targets in three movement conditions: (a) Eyes only; (b) Hands only; (c) Eyes and Hand. Children made less saccade errors compared to young adults, but they also exhibited longer response times in cued versus non-cued conditions. In contrast, older adults showed faster responses in cued conditions but exhibited more errors. The results indicate that young adults (18-25 years) achieve an optimal balance between anticipation and execution. In contrast, children show benefits (few errors) and costs (slow responses) of good inhibition when preparing a motor response based on advance information; whilst older adults show the benefits and costs associated with a prospective response strategy (i.e., good anticipation). Fig 5. Mean Non-Cued and Cued touch times (± SD) during HO (A) and EH (B) across the age groups.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39195776,"asset_id":16810815,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6056,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Burke","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"MelanieBurke","display_name":"Melanie Burke","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/MelanieBurke?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6056/2349/2367/s65_melanie.burke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=143507"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69596159" data-work_id="69596159" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69596159/A_randomized_controlled_trial_of_a_group_based_gaze_training_intervention_for_children_with_Developmental_Coordination_Disorder">A randomized controlled trial of a group-based gaze training intervention for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this study was to integrate a gaze training intervention (i.e., quiet eye training; QET) that has been shown to improve the throwing and catching skill of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), within an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69596159" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this study was to integrate a gaze training intervention (i.e., quiet eye training; QET) that has been shown to improve the throwing and catching skill of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), within an approach (i.e., group therapy) that might alleviate the negative psychosocial impact of these motor skill deficits. Twenty-one children with DCD were split into either QET (8 male 3 female, mean age of 8.6 years (SD = 1.04) or technical training (TT) groups (7 male 3 female, mean age of 8.6 years (SD = 1.84). The TT group were given movement-related instructions via video, relating to the throw and catch phases, while the QET group were also taught to fixate a target location on the wall prior to the throw (QE1) and to track the ball prior to the catch (QE2). Each group partook in a 4-week, group therapy intervention and measurements of QE duration and catching performance were taken before and after training, and at a 6-week delayed retention test. Pare...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69596159" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4224dec26df9551ace8ac38aba624deb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79630645,"asset_id":69596159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79630645/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32039466" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/SamuelVine">Samuel Vine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32039466" type="text/json">{"id":32039466,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Vine","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"SamuelVine","display_name":"Samuel Vine","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/SamuelVine?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32039466/10126287/11298766/s65_samuel.vine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69596159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69596159"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69596159, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69596159", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69596159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69596159; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69596159"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69596159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69596159"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69596159; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69596159]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69596159").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69596159").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69596159"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport_Psychology">Sport Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="249" type="text/json">{"id":249,"name":"Sport Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport_Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Psychotherapy">Group Psychotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25187" type="text/json">{"id":25187,"name":"Group Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Psychotherapy?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy">Exercise therapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25443" type="text/json">{"id":25443,"name":"Exercise therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69596159]'), work: {"id":69596159,"title":"A randomized controlled trial of a group-based gaze training intervention for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder","created_at":"2022-01-27T01:43:41.148-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69596159/A_randomized_controlled_trial_of_a_group_based_gaze_training_intervention_for_children_with_Developmental_Coordination_Disorder?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_69596159","summary":"The aim of this study was to integrate a gaze training intervention (i.e., quiet eye training; QET) that has been shown to improve the throwing and catching skill of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), within an approach (i.e., group therapy) that might alleviate the negative psychosocial impact of these motor skill deficits. Twenty-one children with DCD were split into either QET (8 male 3 female, mean age of 8.6 years (SD = 1.04) or technical training (TT) groups (7 male 3 female, mean age of 8.6 years (SD = 1.84). The TT group were given movement-related instructions via video, relating to the throw and catch phases, while the QET group were also taught to fixate a target location on the wall prior to the throw (QE1) and to track the ball prior to the catch (QE2). Each group partook in a 4-week, group therapy intervention and measurements of QE duration and catching performance were taken before and after training, and at a 6-week delayed retention test. Pare...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79630645,"asset_id":69596159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32039466,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Vine","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"SamuelVine","display_name":"Samuel Vine","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/SamuelVine?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32039466/10126287/11298766/s65_samuel.vine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":249,"name":"Sport Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport_Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":25187,"name":"Group Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Psychotherapy?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":25443,"name":"Exercise therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=143507"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=143507"},{"id":57794,"name":"Dyspraxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyspraxia?f_ri=143507"},{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision?f_ri=143507"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507"},{"id":66174,"name":"DCD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DCD?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":181184,"name":"Quiet Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quiet_Eye?f_ri=143507"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=143507"},{"id":621400,"name":"Quiet Eye Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quiet_Eye_Training?f_ri=143507"},{"id":976383,"name":"Eye and Gaze Tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_and_Gaze_Tracking?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3094248" data-work_id="3094248" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3094248/Anticipation_and_visual_search_behaviour_in_expert_soccer_goalkeepers">Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3094248" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f4cbb279e4187b036b65ae52b277882" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50469445,"asset_id":3094248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50469445/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3557963" href="https://gre.academia.edu/PaulWard">Paul Ward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3557963" type="text/json">{"id":3557963,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Ward","domain_name":"gre","page_name":"PaulWard","display_name":"Paul Ward","profile_url":"https://gre.academia.edu/PaulWard?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3557963/1229600/1536556/s65_paul.ward.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3094248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3094248"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3094248, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3094248", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3094248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3094248; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3094248"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3094248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3094248"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3094248; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3094248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3094248").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3094248").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3094248"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1649" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1649" type="text/json">{"id":1649,"name":"Ergonomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ergonomics?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention">Attention</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7736" type="text/json">{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3094248]'), work: {"id":3094248,"title":"Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers","created_at":"2013-03-24T04:38:27.320-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3094248/Anticipation_and_visual_search_behaviour_in_expert_soccer_goalkeepers?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_3094248","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50469445,"asset_id":3094248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3557963,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Ward","domain_name":"gre","page_name":"PaulWard","display_name":"Paul Ward","profile_url":"https://gre.academia.edu/PaulWard?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3557963/1229600/1536556/s65_paul.ward.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":1649,"name":"Ergonomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ergonomics?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":11382,"name":"Soccer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soccer?f_ri=143507"},{"id":13493,"name":"Motion perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motion_perception?f_ri=143507"},{"id":45349,"name":"Space perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_perception?f_ri=143507"},{"id":51533,"name":"Visual Search","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Search?f_ri=143507"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58240481" data-work_id="58240481" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58240481/Processing_of_Ironic_Language_in_Children_with_High_Functioning_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder">Processing of Ironic Language in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We examined processing of verbal irony in three groups of children: (1) 18 children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFASD), (2) 18 typically-developing children, matched to the first group for verbal ability, and (3) 18... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58240481" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We examined processing of verbal irony in three groups of children: (1) 18 children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFASD), (2) 18 typically-developing children, matched to the first group for verbal ability, and (3) 18 typically-developing children matched to the first group for chronological age. We utilized an irony comprehension task that minimized verbal and pragmatic demands for participants. Results showed that children with HFASD were as accurate as typicallydeveloping children in judging speaker intent for ironic criticisms, but group differences in judgment latencies, eye gaze, and humor evaluations suggested that children with HFASD applied a different processing strategy for irony comprehension; one that resulted in less accurate appreciation of the social functions of irony.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58240481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53fefb8a3b41419b836356b91ffb3ac4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72749408,"asset_id":58240481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72749408/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="704160" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/MelanieGlenwright">Melanie Glenwright</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="704160" type="text/json">{"id":704160,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Glenwright","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"MelanieGlenwright","display_name":"Melanie Glenwright","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/MelanieGlenwright?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58240481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58240481"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58240481, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58240481", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58240481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58240481; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58240481"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58240481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58240481"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58240481; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58240481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58240481").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58240481").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58240481"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism">Autism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2249" type="text/json">{"id":2249,"name":"Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11712" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphor">Metaphor</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11712" type="text/json">{"id":11712,"name":"Metaphor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphor?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58240481]'), work: {"id":58240481,"title":"Processing of Ironic Language in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder","created_at":"2021-10-15T16:43:35.606-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58240481/Processing_of_Ironic_Language_in_Children_with_High_Functioning_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_58240481","summary":"We examined processing of verbal irony in three groups of children: (1) 18 children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFASD), (2) 18 typically-developing children, matched to the first group for verbal ability, and (3) 18 typically-developing children matched to the first group for chronological age. We utilized an irony comprehension task that minimized verbal and pragmatic demands for participants. Results showed that children with HFASD were as accurate as typicallydeveloping children in judging speaker intent for ironic criticisms, but group differences in judgment latencies, eye gaze, and humor evaluations suggested that children with HFASD applied a different processing strategy for irony comprehension; one that resulted in less accurate appreciation of the social functions of irony.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72749408,"asset_id":58240481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":704160,"first_name":"Melanie","last_name":"Glenwright","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"MelanieGlenwright","display_name":"Melanie Glenwright","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/MelanieGlenwright?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2249,"name":"Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":11712,"name":"Metaphor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphor?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language?f_ri=143507"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507"},{"id":33890,"name":"Language Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Processing?f_ri=143507"},{"id":38083,"name":"Figurative language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Figurative_language?f_ri=143507"},{"id":48293,"name":"High Functioning Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Functioning_Autism?f_ri=143507"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507"},{"id":66080,"name":"Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age?f_ri=143507"},{"id":97252,"name":"Comprehension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comprehension?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=143507"},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=143507"},{"id":318779,"name":"Eye Gaze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Gaze?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2667736,"name":"chronological age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/chronological_age?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50851567" data-work_id="50851567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50851567/_Inverted_Brown_pattern_A_tight_inferior_oblique_muscle_masquerading_as_a_superior_oblique_muscle_underaction_clinical_characteristics_and_surgical_management">“Inverted Brown pattern”: A tight inferior oblique muscle masquerading as a superior oblique muscle underaction—clinical characteristics and surgical management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">PURPOSE To characterize, and evaluate the surgical management of, patients with unilateral deficiency of depression in adduction, suggesting superior oblique muscle underaction, without significant ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50851567" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PURPOSE To characterize, and evaluate the surgical management of, patients with unilateral deficiency of depression in adduction, suggesting superior oblique muscle underaction, without significant ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle overaction. METHODS Such patients were identified who also had received either ipsilateral inferior oblique (IO) muscle weakening or contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession. Their histories, motility patterns, intraoperative findings, types of strabismus surgery, and postoperative results were analyzed. RESULTS Twelve patients were identified with unilateral deficiency of depression in adduction, with no or minimal ipsilateral IO muscle overaction. Three of these patients (25%) had previously had surgery for Brown syndrome. Four (33%) had prior orbital floor trauma. On exaggerated forced duction testing recorded for nine patients, a tight IO muscle was recorded in 78%, with no laxity of the superior oblique tendon. Four patients (33%) underwent contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession, but in all four the deficiency of depression in adduction recurred. The other eight (67%) had an IO muscle weakening procedure and achieved overall improvement of ocular alignment. Nine subsequent patients with a similar pattern of misalignment were each managed with an IO weakening procedure, with good results. CONCLUSIONS This motility pattern, which we are calling an "inverted Brown pattern," is caused by a tight or inelastic IO muscle. In such cases, IO muscle weakening yields better results than contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession, even though there is no significant IO muscle overaction preoperatively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50851567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b33d30df177bb6d07d9f2a709b2c921" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68724149,"asset_id":50851567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68724149/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="137495093" href="https://kasralainy.academia.edu/AhmedAwadein">Ahmed Awadein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="137495093" type="text/json">{"id":137495093,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"Awadein","domain_name":"kasralainy","page_name":"AhmedAwadein","display_name":"Ahmed Awadein","profile_url":"https://kasralainy.academia.edu/AhmedAwadein?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50851567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50851567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50851567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50851567", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50851567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50851567; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50851567"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50851567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50851567"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50851567; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50851567]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50851567").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50851567").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50851567"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies">Follow-up studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="137516" type="text/json">{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50851567]'), work: {"id":50851567,"title":"“Inverted Brown pattern”: A tight inferior oblique muscle masquerading as a superior oblique muscle underaction—clinical characteristics and surgical management","created_at":"2021-08-13T03:59:59.323-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50851567/_Inverted_Brown_pattern_A_tight_inferior_oblique_muscle_masquerading_as_a_superior_oblique_muscle_underaction_clinical_characteristics_and_surgical_management?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_50851567","summary":"PURPOSE To characterize, and evaluate the surgical management of, patients with unilateral deficiency of depression in adduction, suggesting superior oblique muscle underaction, without significant ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle overaction. METHODS Such patients were identified who also had received either ipsilateral inferior oblique (IO) muscle weakening or contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession. Their histories, motility patterns, intraoperative findings, types of strabismus surgery, and postoperative results were analyzed. RESULTS Twelve patients were identified with unilateral deficiency of depression in adduction, with no or minimal ipsilateral IO muscle overaction. Three of these patients (25%) had previously had surgery for Brown syndrome. Four (33%) had prior orbital floor trauma. On exaggerated forced duction testing recorded for nine patients, a tight IO muscle was recorded in 78%, with no laxity of the superior oblique tendon. Four patients (33%) underwent contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession, but in all four the deficiency of depression in adduction recurred. The other eight (67%) had an IO muscle weakening procedure and achieved overall improvement of ocular alignment. Nine subsequent patients with a similar pattern of misalignment were each managed with an IO weakening procedure, with good results. CONCLUSIONS This motility pattern, which we are calling an \"inverted Brown pattern,\" is caused by a tight or inelastic IO muscle. In such cases, IO muscle weakening yields better results than contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession, even though there is no significant IO muscle overaction preoperatively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68724149,"asset_id":50851567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":137495093,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"Awadein","domain_name":"kasralainy","page_name":"AhmedAwadein","display_name":"Ahmed Awadein","profile_url":"https://kasralainy.academia.edu/AhmedAwadein?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":173428,"name":"Diplopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplopia?f_ri=143507"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49828173" data-work_id="49828173" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49828173/Avatar_Assistant_Improving_Social_Skills_in_Students_with_an_ASD_Through_a_Computer_Based_Intervention">Avatar Assistant: Improving Social Skills in Students with an ASD Through a Computer-Based Intervention</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study assessed the efficacy of FaceSay, a computer-based social skills training program for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This randomized controlled study (N = 49) indicates that providing children with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49828173" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study assessed the efficacy of FaceSay, a computer-based social skills training program for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This randomized controlled study (N = 49) indicates that providing children with low-functioning autism (LFA) and high functioning autism (HFA) opportunities to practice attending to eye gaze, discriminating facial expressions and recognizing faces and emotions in FaceSay's structured environment with interactive, realistic avatar assistants improved their social skills abilities. The children with LFA demonstrated improvements in two areas of the intervention: emotion recognition and social interactions. The children with HFA demonstrated improvements in all three areas: facial recognition, emotion recognition, and social interactions. These findings, particularly the measured improvements to social interactions in a natural environment, are encouraging.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49828173" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06436d6bfe7bd00db9ab852ee44aed5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68042381,"asset_id":49828173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68042381/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2176711" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CaseyWimsatt">Casey Wimsatt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2176711" type="text/json">{"id":2176711,"first_name":"Casey","last_name":"Wimsatt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CaseyWimsatt","display_name":"Casey Wimsatt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CaseyWimsatt?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49828173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49828173"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49828173, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49828173", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49828173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49828173; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49828173"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49828173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49828173"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49828173; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49828173]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49828173").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49828173").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49828173"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology">Educational Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1003" type="text/json">{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism">Autism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2249" type="text/json">{"id":2249,"name":"Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4270" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism_Spectrum_Disorders">Autism Spectrum Disorders</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4270" type="text/json">{"id":4270,"name":"Autism Spectrum Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism_Spectrum_Disorders?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49828173]'), work: {"id":49828173,"title":"Avatar Assistant: Improving Social Skills in Students with an ASD Through a Computer-Based Intervention","created_at":"2021-07-12T15:45:38.304-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49828173/Avatar_Assistant_Improving_Social_Skills_in_Students_with_an_ASD_Through_a_Computer_Based_Intervention?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_49828173","summary":"This study assessed the efficacy of FaceSay, a computer-based social skills training program for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This randomized controlled study (N = 49) indicates that providing children with low-functioning autism (LFA) and high functioning autism (HFA) opportunities to practice attending to eye gaze, discriminating facial expressions and recognizing faces and emotions in FaceSay's structured environment with interactive, realistic avatar assistants improved their social skills abilities. The children with LFA demonstrated improvements in two areas of the intervention: emotion recognition and social interactions. The children with HFA demonstrated improvements in all three areas: facial recognition, emotion recognition, and social interactions. These findings, particularly the measured improvements to social interactions in a natural environment, are encouraging.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68042381,"asset_id":49828173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2176711,"first_name":"Casey","last_name":"Wimsatt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CaseyWimsatt","display_name":"Casey Wimsatt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CaseyWimsatt?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2249,"name":"Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":4270,"name":"Autism Spectrum Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism_Spectrum_Disorders?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":9032,"name":"Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interaction?f_ri=143507"},{"id":21269,"name":"Facial expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facial_expression?f_ri=143507"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=143507"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507"},{"id":23997,"name":"HCI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HCI?f_ri=143507"},{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=143507"},{"id":48293,"name":"High Functioning Autism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Functioning_Autism?f_ri=143507"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507"},{"id":95322,"name":"Behavior Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_Therapy?f_ri=143507"},{"id":98327,"name":"Emotion Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion_Recognition?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":234882,"name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autism_Spectrum_Disorder?f_ri=143507"},{"id":318779,"name":"Eye Gaze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Gaze?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1033202,"name":"Emotional Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotional_Response?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1023749" data-work_id="1023749" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1023749/A_Validation_of_Eye_Movements_as_a_Measure_of_Elementary_School_Children">A Validation of Eye Movements as a Measure of Elementary School Children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The number line estimation task captures central aspects of children's developing number sense, that is, their intuitions for numbers and their interrelations. Previous research used children's answer patterns and verbal reports as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1023749" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The number line estimation task captures central aspects of children's developing number sense, that is, their intuitions for numbers and their interrelations. Previous research used children's answer patterns and verbal reports as evidence of how they solve this task. In the present study we investigated to what extent eye movements recorded during task solution reflect children's use of the number line. By means of a cross-sectional design with 66 children from Grades 1, 2, and 3, we show that eye-tracking data (a) reflect grade-related increase in estimation competence, (b) are correlated with the accuracy of manual answers, (c) relate, in Grade 2, to children's addition competence, (d) are systematically distributed over the number line, and (e) replicate previous findings concerning children's use of counting strategies and orientationpoint strategies. These findings demonstrate the validity and utility of eye-tracking data for investigating children's developing number sense and estimation competence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1023749" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bdc58eb46c98b4260a2c6e20634b055f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51130353,"asset_id":1023749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51130353/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="853670" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/AngelaHeine">Angela Heine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="853670" type="text/json">{"id":853670,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Heine","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"AngelaHeine","display_name":"Angela Heine","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/AngelaHeine?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/853670/303669/359461/s65_angela.heine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1023749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1023749"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1023749, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1023749", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1023749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1023749; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1023749"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1023749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1023749"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1023749; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1023749]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1023749").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1023749").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1023749"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1755" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking">Eye tracking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1755" type="text/json">{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2971" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development">Cognitive development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2971" type="text/json">{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1023749]'), work: {"id":1023749,"title":"A Validation of Eye Movements as a Measure of Elementary School Children","created_at":"2011-10-18T01:01:08.123-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1023749/A_Validation_of_Eye_Movements_as_a_Measure_of_Elementary_School_Children?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_1023749","summary":"The number line estimation task captures central aspects of children's developing number sense, that is, their intuitions for numbers and their interrelations. Previous research used children's answer patterns and verbal reports as evidence of how they solve this task. In the present study we investigated to what extent eye movements recorded during task solution reflect children's use of the number line. By means of a cross-sectional design with 66 children from Grades 1, 2, and 3, we show that eye-tracking data (a) reflect grade-related increase in estimation competence, (b) are correlated with the accuracy of manual answers, (c) relate, in Grade 2, to children's addition competence, (d) are systematically distributed over the number line, and (e) replicate previous findings concerning children's use of counting strategies and orientationpoint strategies. These findings demonstrate the validity and utility of eye-tracking data for investigating children's developing number sense and estimation competence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51130353,"asset_id":1023749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":853670,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Heine","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"AngelaHeine","display_name":"Angela Heine","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/AngelaHeine?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/853670/303669/359461/s65_angela.heine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":35888,"name":"Cognitive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive?f_ri=143507"},{"id":88140,"name":"Human Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Body?f_ri=143507"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":283369,"name":"Number sense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Number_sense?f_ri=143507"},{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14441845" data-work_id="14441845" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14441845/Ocular_kinematics_and_eye_hand_coordination">Ocular kinematics and eye-hand coordination</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eye-hand coordination is complicated by the fact that the eyes are constantly in motion relative to the head. This poses problems in interpreting the spatial information gathered from the retinas and using this to guide hand motion. In... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14441845" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eye-hand coordination is complicated by the fact that the eyes are constantly in motion relative to the head. This poses problems in interpreting the spatial information gathered from the retinas and using this to guide hand motion. In particular, eye-centered visual information must somehow be spatially updated across eye movements to be useful for future actions, and these representations must then be transformed into commands appropriate for arm motion. In this review, we present evidence that early visuomotor representations for arm movement are remapped relative to the gaze direction during each saccade. We find that this mechanism holds for targets in both far and near visual space. We then show how the brain incorporates the threedimensional, rotary geometry of the eyes when interpreting retinal images and transforming these into commands for arm movement. Next, we explore the possibility that hand-eye alignment is optimized for the eye with the best field of view. Finally, we describe how head orientation influences the linkage between oculocentric visual frames and bodycentric motor frames. These findings are framed in terms of our 'conversion-on-demand' model, in which only those representations selected for action are put through the complex visuomotor transformations required for interaction with objects in personal space, thus providing a virtual on-line map of visuomotor space.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14441845" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a512f26e3760051c51d4c22f4bb66bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44145130,"asset_id":14441845,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44145130/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33379819" href="https://yorku.academia.edu/DeniseHenriques">Denise Henriques</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33379819" type="text/json">{"id":33379819,"first_name":"Denise","last_name":"Henriques","domain_name":"yorku","page_name":"DeniseHenriques","display_name":"Denise Henriques","profile_url":"https://yorku.academia.edu/DeniseHenriques?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14441845 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14441845"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14441845, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14441845", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14441845 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14441845; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14441845"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14441845 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14441845"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14441845; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14441845]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14441845").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14441845").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14441845"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28864" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strabismus">Strabismus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28864" type="text/json">{"id":28864,"name":"Strabismus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strabismus?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements">Eye Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143507" type="text/json">{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="245634" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye">Eye</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="245634" type="text/json">{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="329042" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements">Head Movements</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="329042" type="text/json">{"id":329042,"name":"Head Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14441845]'), work: {"id":14441845,"title":"Ocular kinematics and eye-hand coordination","created_at":"2015-07-27T11:23:13.764-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14441845/Ocular_kinematics_and_eye_hand_coordination?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_14441845","summary":"Eye-hand coordination is complicated by the fact that the eyes are constantly in motion relative to the head. This poses problems in interpreting the spatial information gathered from the retinas and using this to guide hand motion. In particular, eye-centered visual information must somehow be spatially updated across eye movements to be useful for future actions, and these representations must then be transformed into commands appropriate for arm motion. In this review, we present evidence that early visuomotor representations for arm movement are remapped relative to the gaze direction during each saccade. We find that this mechanism holds for targets in both far and near visual space. We then show how the brain incorporates the threedimensional, rotary geometry of the eyes when interpreting retinal images and transforming these into commands for arm movement. Next, we explore the possibility that hand-eye alignment is optimized for the eye with the best field of view. Finally, we describe how head orientation influences the linkage between oculocentric visual frames and bodycentric motor frames. These findings are framed in terms of our 'conversion-on-demand' model, in which only those representations selected for action are put through the complex visuomotor transformations required for interaction with objects in personal space, thus providing a virtual on-line map of visuomotor space.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44145130,"asset_id":14441845,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33379819,"first_name":"Denise","last_name":"Henriques","domain_name":"yorku","page_name":"DeniseHenriques","display_name":"Denise Henriques","profile_url":"https://yorku.academia.edu/DeniseHenriques?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28864,"name":"Strabismus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strabismus?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":329042,"name":"Head Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=143507"},{"id":500368,"name":"Hand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hand?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17605970" data-work_id="17605970" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17605970/Saccadic_lateropulsion_or_ipsipulsion">Saccadic lateropulsion or ipsipulsion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17605970" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29c6d717d7801a27abb300e56baa197b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42244004,"asset_id":17605970,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42244004/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37448037" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IslamNiaz">Niaz Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37448037" type="text/json">{"id":37448037,"first_name":"Niaz","last_name":"Islam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IslamNiaz","display_name":"Niaz Islam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IslamNiaz?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17605970 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17605970"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17605970, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17605970", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17605970 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17605970; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17605970"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17605970 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17605970"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17605970; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17605970]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17605970").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17605970").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17605970"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107148" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades">Saccades</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107148" type="text/json">{"id":107148,"name":"Saccades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements">Eye Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143507" type="text/json">{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155204" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horner_syndrome">Horner syndrome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155204" type="text/json">{"id":155204,"name":"Horner syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horner_syndrome?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="166289" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallucinogens">Hallucinogens</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="166289" type="text/json">{"id":166289,"name":"Hallucinogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallucinogens?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17605970]'), work: {"id":17605970,"title":"Saccadic lateropulsion or ipsipulsion","created_at":"2015-11-02T04:30:53.125-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17605970/Saccadic_lateropulsion_or_ipsipulsion?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_17605970","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42244004,"asset_id":17605970,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37448037,"first_name":"Niaz","last_name":"Islam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IslamNiaz","display_name":"Niaz Islam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IslamNiaz?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":107148,"name":"Saccades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":155204,"name":"Horner syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horner_syndrome?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":166289,"name":"Hallucinogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallucinogens?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=143507"},{"id":688176,"name":"Amphetamines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphetamines?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1685089,"name":"Cerebral Infarction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Infarction?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1944553,"name":"Magnetic resonance angiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_angiography?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54088675" data-work_id="54088675" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54088675/Childrens_Visual_Responses_to_Sesame_Street">Children's Visual Responses to "Sesame Street</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54088675" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdc4448dedc08cf204ea43c29e29e7e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70621855,"asset_id":54088675,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70621855/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52255347" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FlaggB">Barbara Flagg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52255347" type="text/json">{"id":52255347,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Flagg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlaggB","display_name":"Barbara Flagg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlaggB?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54088675 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54088675"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54088675, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54088675", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54088675 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification">Classification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106145" type="text/json">{"id":106145,"name":"Classification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements">Eye Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143507" type="text/json">{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="608531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formative_evaluation">Formative evaluation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="608531" type="text/json">{"id":608531,"name":"Formative evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formative_evaluation?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54088675]'), work: {"id":54088675,"title":"Children's Visual Responses to \"Sesame Street","created_at":"2021-09-29T18:41:24.179-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54088675/Childrens_Visual_Responses_to_Sesame_Street?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_54088675","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70621855,"asset_id":54088675,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52255347,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Flagg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlaggB","display_name":"Barbara Flagg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlaggB?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38125,"name":"Numbers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numbers?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":106145,"name":"Classification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":608531,"name":"Formative evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formative_evaluation?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65146150" data-work_id="65146150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65146150/Peer_review_re_viewed_Investigating_the_juxtaposition_of_composition_students_eye_movements_and_peer_review_processes">Peer review re-viewed: Investigating the juxtaposition of composition students’ eye movements and peer-review processes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While peer review is a common practice in college composition courses, there is little consistency in approach and effectiveness within the field, owing in part to the dearth of empirical research that investigates peer-review processes.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65146150" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While peer review is a common practice in college composition courses, there is little consistency in approach and effectiveness within the field, owing in part to the dearth of empirical research that investigates peer-review processes. This study is designed to shed light on what a peer reviewer actually reads and attends to while providing peer-review feedback. Fifteen participants peer reviewed a student’s essay that had both holistic and surface-level errors. Using eye-tracking technology, we collected detailed and informative data about which parts of the text the peer reviewer looked at, how long the peer reviewer looked there, and where the peer reviewer looked next. These data were analyzed according to eye-movement research methodologies and juxtaposed with each peer reviewer’s comments and suggestions about the essay being reviewed during a typical peer-review exercise. Findings include an unexpected mismatch between what peer reviewers focus on, spend time on, and examin...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65146150" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="27b30d5d7d1702452bb9e9fd44d1678c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76866892,"asset_id":65146150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76866892/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="103493347" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanAlexander80">Jonathan Alexander</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="103493347" type="text/json">{"id":103493347,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Alexander","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JonathanAlexander80","display_name":"Jonathan Alexander","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanAlexander80?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65146150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65146150"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65146150, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65146150", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65146150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65146150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65146150"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65146150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65146150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65146150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65146150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65146150").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65146150").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65146150"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4205" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis">Data Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4205" type="text/json">{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65146150]'), work: {"id":65146150,"title":"Peer review re-viewed: Investigating the juxtaposition of composition students’ eye movements and peer-review processes","created_at":"2021-12-19T19:28:33.779-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65146150/Peer_review_re_viewed_Investigating_the_juxtaposition_of_composition_students_eye_movements_and_peer_review_processes?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_65146150","summary":"While peer review is a common practice in college composition courses, there is little consistency in approach and effectiveness within the field, owing in part to the dearth of empirical research that investigates peer-review processes. This study is designed to shed light on what a peer reviewer actually reads and attends to while providing peer-review feedback. Fifteen participants peer reviewed a student’s essay that had both holistic and surface-level errors. Using eye-tracking technology, we collected detailed and informative data about which parts of the text the peer reviewer looked at, how long the peer reviewer looked there, and where the peer reviewer looked next. These data were analyzed according to eye-movement research methodologies and juxtaposed with each peer reviewer’s comments and suggestions about the essay being reviewed during a typical peer-review exercise. Findings include an unexpected mismatch between what peer reviewers focus on, spend time on, and examin...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76866892,"asset_id":65146150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":103493347,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Alexander","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JonathanAlexander80","display_name":"Jonathan Alexander","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanAlexander80?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":24837,"name":"Peer Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peer_Review?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58854559" data-work_id="58854559" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58854559/Normative_data_for_modified_Thorington_phorias_and_prism_bar_vergences_from_the_Benton_IU_study">Normative data for modified Thorington phorias and prism bar vergences from the Benton-IU study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: The use of a phoropter for measuring phorias and vergences in children is common in the optometric profession. For young children, the use of the phoropter can be confusing, making it difficult to obtain accurate measurements.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58854559" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: The use of a phoropter for measuring phorias and vergences in children is common in the optometric profession. For young children, the use of the phoropter can be confusing, making it difficult to obtain accurate measurements. Free space testing allows for direct observation of the eyes in a natural environment and is easier for children to understand the directions. The normal values for phorias and vergences used with children are derived from testing with a phoropter or free space measurements with mostly adult patients. Methods: The Benton-IU Project was a large multidisciplinary study of factors affecting school performance conducted by the</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58854559" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b76f96dae82f057baa025e708f90067f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73064431,"asset_id":58854559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73064431/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42337798" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BillRainey">Bill Rainey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42337798" type="text/json">{"id":42337798,"first_name":"Bill","last_name":"Rainey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BillRainey","display_name":"Bill Rainey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BillRainey?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/e0146bef8a23a08ac85a0151bac948e6?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58854559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58854559"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58854559, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58854559", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58854559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58854559; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58854559"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58854559 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58854559"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58854559; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58854559]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58854559").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58854559").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58854559"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading">Reading</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9471" type="text/json">{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Writing">Writing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10249" type="text/json">{"id":10249,"name":"Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Writing?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25052" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia">Dyslexia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25052" type="text/json">{"id":25052,"name":"Dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58854559]'), work: {"id":58854559,"title":"Normative data for modified Thorington phorias and prism bar vergences from the Benton-IU study","created_at":"2021-10-18T09:07:03.086-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58854559/Normative_data_for_modified_Thorington_phorias_and_prism_bar_vergences_from_the_Benton_IU_study?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_58854559","summary":"Background: The use of a phoropter for measuring phorias and vergences in children is common in the optometric profession. For young children, the use of the phoropter can be confusing, making it difficult to obtain accurate measurements. Free space testing allows for direct observation of the eyes in a natural environment and is easier for children to understand the directions. The normal values for phorias and vergences used with children are derived from testing with a phoropter or free space measurements with mostly adult patients. Methods: The Benton-IU Project was a large multidisciplinary study of factors affecting school performance conducted by the","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73064431,"asset_id":58854559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42337798,"first_name":"Bill","last_name":"Rainey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BillRainey","display_name":"Bill Rainey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BillRainey?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/e0146bef8a23a08ac85a0151bac948e6?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":10249,"name":"Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Writing?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":25052,"name":"Dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":28864,"name":"Strabismus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strabismus?f_ri=143507"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49643275" data-work_id="49643275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49643275/The_knowledge_base_of_the_oculomotor_system">The knowledge base of the oculomotor system</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In everyday life, eye movements enable the eyes to gather the information required for motor actions. They are thus proactive, anticipating actions rather than just responding to stimuli. This means that the oculomotor system needs to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49643275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In everyday life, eye movements enable the eyes to gather the information required for motor actions. They are thus proactive, anticipating actions rather than just responding to stimuli. This means that the oculomotor system needs to know where to look and what to look for. Using examples from table tennis, driving and music reading we show that the information the eye movement system requires is very varied in origin and highly task speci¢c, and it is suggested that the control program or schema for a particular action must include directions for the oculomotor and visual processing systems. In many activities (reading text and music, typing, steering) processed information is held in a memory bu¡er for a period of about a second. This permits a match between the discontinuous input from the eyes and continuous motor output, and in particular allows the eyes to be involved in more than one task.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49643275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="305caf87355acca522297a5dbf6cee83" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67942819,"asset_id":49643275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67942819/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="148942182" href="https://brighton.academia.edu/SOPHIEFURNEAUX">SOPHIE FURNEAUX</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="148942182" type="text/json">{"id":148942182,"first_name":"SOPHIE","last_name":"FURNEAUX","domain_name":"brighton","page_name":"SOPHIEFURNEAUX","display_name":"SOPHIE FURNEAUX","profile_url":"https://brighton.academia.edu/SOPHIEFURNEAUX?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148942182/158442079/148088982/s65_sophie.furneaux.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49643275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49643275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49643275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49643275", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49643275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49643275; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49643275"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49643275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49643275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49643275; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49643275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49643275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49643275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49643275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41286" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Everyday_Life">Everyday Life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41286" type="text/json">{"id":41286,"name":"Everyday Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Everyday_Life?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51864" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Processing">Visual Processing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51864" type="text/json">{"id":51864,"name":"Visual Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Processing?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49643275]'), work: {"id":49643275,"title":"The knowledge base of the oculomotor system","created_at":"2021-07-09T05:45:54.684-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49643275/The_knowledge_base_of_the_oculomotor_system?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_49643275","summary":"In everyday life, eye movements enable the eyes to gather the information required for motor actions. They are thus proactive, anticipating actions rather than just responding to stimuli. This means that the oculomotor system needs to know where to look and what to look for. Using examples from table tennis, driving and music reading we show that the information the eye movement system requires is very varied in origin and highly task speci¢c, and it is suggested that the control program or schema for a particular action must include directions for the oculomotor and visual processing systems. In many activities (reading text and music, typing, steering) processed information is held in a memory bu¡er for a period of about a second. This permits a match between the discontinuous input from the eyes and continuous motor output, and in particular allows the eyes to be involved in more than one task.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67942819,"asset_id":49643275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":148942182,"first_name":"SOPHIE","last_name":"FURNEAUX","domain_name":"brighton","page_name":"SOPHIEFURNEAUX","display_name":"SOPHIE FURNEAUX","profile_url":"https://brighton.academia.edu/SOPHIEFURNEAUX?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148942182/158442079/148088982/s65_sophie.furneaux.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":41286,"name":"Everyday Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Everyday_Life?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":51864,"name":"Visual Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Processing?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":246163,"name":"Knowledge base","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_base?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1396126,"name":"Oculomotor Nerve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oculomotor_Nerve?f_ri=143507"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47787110" data-work_id="47787110" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47787110/Eye_Head_Tracking_Technology_to_Improve_HCI_with_iPad_Applications">Eye/Head Tracking Technology to Improve HCI with iPad Applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to improve human computer interaction (HCI) for people with special needs, this paper presents an alternative form of interaction, which uses the iPad's front camera and eye/head tracking technology. With this functional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47787110" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to improve human computer interaction (HCI) for people with special needs, this paper presents an alternative form of interaction, which uses the iPad's front camera and eye/head tracking technology. With this functional nature/capability operating in the background, the user can control already developed or new applications for the iPad by moving their eyes and/or head. There are many techniques, which are currently used to detect facial features, such as eyes or even the face itself. Open source bookstores exist for such purpose, such as OpenCV, which enable very reliable and accurate detection algorithms to be applied, such as Haar Cascade using very high-level programming. All processing is undertaken in real time, and it is therefore important to pay close attention to the use of limited resources (processing capacity) of devices, such as the iPad. The system was validated in tests involving 22 users of different ages and characteristics (people with dark and light-colored eyes and with/without glasses). These tests are performed to assess user/device interaction and to ascertain whether it works properly. The system obtained an accuracy of between 60% and 100% in the three test exercises taken into consideration. The results showed that the Haar Cascade had a significant effect by detecting faces in 100% of cases, unlike eyes and the pupil where interference (light and shade) evidenced less effectiveness. In addition to ascertaining the effectiveness of the system via these exercises, the demo application has also helped to show that user constraints need not affect the enjoyment and use of a particular type of technology. In</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47787110" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3e0df21c74c929aca8c7171e260f639" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66728854,"asset_id":47787110,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66728854/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22157827" href="https://deusto.academia.edu/Begogarcia">Bego garcia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22157827" type="text/json">{"id":22157827,"first_name":"Bego","last_name":"garcia","domain_name":"deusto","page_name":"Begogarcia","display_name":"Bego garcia","profile_url":"https://deusto.academia.edu/Begogarcia?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47787110 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47787110"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47787110, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47787110", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47787110 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47787110; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47787110"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47787110 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47787110"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47787110; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47787110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47787110").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47787110").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47787110"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23997" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HCI">HCI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23997" type="text/json">{"id":23997,"name":"HCI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HCI?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55405" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensors">Sensors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55405" type="text/json">{"id":55405,"name":"Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensors?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47787110]'), work: {"id":47787110,"title":"Eye/Head Tracking Technology to Improve HCI with iPad Applications","created_at":"2021-04-30T11:11:06.759-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47787110/Eye_Head_Tracking_Technology_to_Improve_HCI_with_iPad_Applications?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_47787110","summary":"In order to improve human computer interaction (HCI) for people with special needs, this paper presents an alternative form of interaction, which uses the iPad's front camera and eye/head tracking technology. With this functional nature/capability operating in the background, the user can control already developed or new applications for the iPad by moving their eyes and/or head. There are many techniques, which are currently used to detect facial features, such as eyes or even the face itself. Open source bookstores exist for such purpose, such as OpenCV, which enable very reliable and accurate detection algorithms to be applied, such as Haar Cascade using very high-level programming. All processing is undertaken in real time, and it is therefore important to pay close attention to the use of limited resources (processing capacity) of devices, such as the iPad. The system was validated in tests involving 22 users of different ages and characteristics (people with dark and light-colored eyes and with/without glasses). These tests are performed to assess user/device interaction and to ascertain whether it works properly. The system obtained an accuracy of between 60% and 100% in the three test exercises taken into consideration. The results showed that the Haar Cascade had a significant effect by detecting faces in 100% of cases, unlike eyes and the pupil where interference (light and shade) evidenced less effectiveness. In addition to ascertaining the effectiveness of the system via these exercises, the demo application has also helped to show that user constraints need not affect the enjoyment and use of a particular type of technology. In","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66728854,"asset_id":47787110,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22157827,"first_name":"Bego","last_name":"garcia","domain_name":"deusto","page_name":"Begogarcia","display_name":"Bego garcia","profile_url":"https://deusto.academia.edu/Begogarcia?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":23997,"name":"HCI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HCI?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":55405,"name":"Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensors?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":255094,"name":"Computer User Interface Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_User_Interface_Design?f_ri=143507"},{"id":277066,"name":"Head","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1759198,"name":"Blinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blinking?f_ri=143507"},{"id":3854712,"name":"Haar cascade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haar_cascade?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28341128" data-work_id="28341128" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28341128/Reading_Phylogenetic_Trees_The_Effects_of_Tree_Orientation_and_Text_Processing_on_Comprehension">Reading Phylogenetic Trees: The Effects of Tree Orientation and Text Processing on Comprehension</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although differently formatted cladograms (hierarchical diagrams depicting evolutionary relationships among taxa) depict the same information, they may not be equally easy to comprehend. Undergraduate biology students attempted to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28341128" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although differently formatted cladograms (hierarchical diagrams depicting evolutionary relationships among taxa) depict the same information, they may not be equally easy to comprehend. Undergraduate biology students attempted to translate cladograms from the diagonal to the rectangular format. The "backbone" line of each diagonal cladogram was slanted either up or down to the right. Eye movement analyses indicated that the students had a general bias to scan from left to right. Their scanning direction also depended on the orientation of the "backbone" line, resulting in upward or downward scanning, following the directional slant of the line. Because scanning down facilitates correct interpretation of the nested relationships, translation accuracy was higher for the down than for the up cladograms. Unfortunately, most diagonal cladograms in textbooks are in the upward orientation. This probably impairs students' success at tree thinking (i.e., interpreting and reasoning about evolutionary relationships depicted in cladograms), an important twenty-first century skill.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28341128" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eefd9cab23570b3cca9b44650de8ab0e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48673886,"asset_id":28341128,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48673886/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="910873" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/AndrewStull">Andrew Stull</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="910873" type="text/json">{"id":910873,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Stull","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"AndrewStull","display_name":"Andrew Stull","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/AndrewStull?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28341128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28341128"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28341128, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28341128", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28341128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28341128; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28341128"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28341128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28341128"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28341128; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28341128]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28341128").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28341128").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28341128"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education">Science Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1736" type="text/json">{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagrammatic_Reasoning">Diagrammatic Reasoning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10850" type="text/json">{"id":10850,"name":"Diagrammatic Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagrammatic_Reasoning?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28341128]'), work: {"id":28341128,"title":"Reading Phylogenetic Trees: The Effects of Tree Orientation and Text Processing on Comprehension","created_at":"2016-09-08T07:41:44.988-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28341128/Reading_Phylogenetic_Trees_The_Effects_of_Tree_Orientation_and_Text_Processing_on_Comprehension?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_28341128","summary":"Although differently formatted cladograms (hierarchical diagrams depicting evolutionary relationships among taxa) depict the same information, they may not be equally easy to comprehend. Undergraduate biology students attempted to translate cladograms from the diagonal to the rectangular format. The \"backbone\" line of each diagonal cladogram was slanted either up or down to the right. Eye movement analyses indicated that the students had a general bias to scan from left to right. Their scanning direction also depended on the orientation of the \"backbone\" line, resulting in upward or downward scanning, following the directional slant of the line. Because scanning down facilitates correct interpretation of the nested relationships, translation accuracy was higher for the down than for the up cladograms. Unfortunately, most diagonal cladograms in textbooks are in the upward orientation. This probably impairs students' success at tree thinking (i.e., interpreting and reasoning about evolutionary relationships depicted in cladograms), an important twenty-first century skill.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48673886,"asset_id":28341128,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":910873,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Stull","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"AndrewStull","display_name":"Andrew Stull","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/AndrewStull?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":10850,"name":"Diagrammatic Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagrammatic_Reasoning?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=143507"},{"id":40511,"name":"Bioscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioscience?f_ri=143507"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7836034" data-work_id="7836034" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7836034/Driver_behaviour_at_rail_level_crossings_Responses_to_flashing_lights_traffic_signals_and_stop_signs_in_simulated_rural_driving">Driver behaviour at rail level crossings: Responses to flashing lights, traffic signals and stop signs in simulated rural driving</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Australian road and railway authorities have made a concerted effort to reduce the number of rail level crossings, particularly the higher risk passive crossings that are protected by devices such as 'give way' or 'stop' signs. To improve... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7836034" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Australian road and railway authorities have made a concerted effort to reduce the number of rail level crossings, particularly the higher risk passive crossings that are protected by devices such as 'give way' or 'stop' signs. To improve this situation, passive level crossings are often upgraded with active controls such as flashing red lights. Traffic signals may provide good safety outcomes at level crossings but remain untested. The primary purpose of this research was to compare driver behaviour at two railway level crossings with active controls, flashing red lights and traffic signals, to behaviour at the current standard passive level crossing control, a stop sign. Participants drove the MUARC advanced driving simulator for 30 min. During the simulated drive, participants were exposed to three level crossing scenarios. Each scenario consisted of one of three level crossing control types, and was associated with an oncoming train. Mean vehicle speed on approach to the level crossings decreased more rapidly in response to flashing lights than to traffic signals. While speed on approach was lowest for the stop-sign condition, the number of non-compliant drivers (i.e., those who did not stop) at the crossing was highest for this condition. While results indicate that traffic signals at rail level crossings do not appear to offer any safety benefits over and above flashing red lights, further avenues of research are proposed to reach more definitive conclusions. Compliance was lowest for the passive crossing control which provides further support for the ongoing passive crossing upgrades in Australia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7836034" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b477912b1cd257c842a35f973d827b81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48321556,"asset_id":7836034,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48321556/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14565093" href="https://universite-lyon.academia.edu/JordanNavarro">Jordan Navarro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14565093" type="text/json">{"id":14565093,"first_name":"Jordan","last_name":"Navarro","domain_name":"universite-lyon","page_name":"JordanNavarro","display_name":"Jordan Navarro","profile_url":"https://universite-lyon.academia.edu/JordanNavarro?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14565093/11691305/13035072/s65_jordan.navarro.jpg_oh_97f2fcb90a127f68eed743b7d8ff190c_oe_575f4144"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7836034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7836034"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7836034, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7836034", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7836034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7836034; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7836034"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7836034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7836034"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7836034; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7836034]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7836034").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7836034").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7836034"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobiles">Automobiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45666" type="text/json">{"id":45666,"name":"Automobiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobiles?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety">Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49161" type="text/json">{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51866" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Light">Red Light</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51866" type="text/json">{"id":51866,"name":"Red Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Light?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7836034]'), work: {"id":7836034,"title":"Driver behaviour at rail level crossings: Responses to flashing lights, traffic signals and stop signs in simulated rural driving","created_at":"2014-07-31T18:17:08.002-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7836034/Driver_behaviour_at_rail_level_crossings_Responses_to_flashing_lights_traffic_signals_and_stop_signs_in_simulated_rural_driving?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_7836034","summary":"Australian road and railway authorities have made a concerted effort to reduce the number of rail level crossings, particularly the higher risk passive crossings that are protected by devices such as 'give way' or 'stop' signs. To improve this situation, passive level crossings are often upgraded with active controls such as flashing red lights. Traffic signals may provide good safety outcomes at level crossings but remain untested. The primary purpose of this research was to compare driver behaviour at two railway level crossings with active controls, flashing red lights and traffic signals, to behaviour at the current standard passive level crossing control, a stop sign. Participants drove the MUARC advanced driving simulator for 30 min. During the simulated drive, participants were exposed to three level crossing scenarios. Each scenario consisted of one of three level crossing control types, and was associated with an oncoming train. Mean vehicle speed on approach to the level crossings decreased more rapidly in response to flashing lights than to traffic signals. While speed on approach was lowest for the stop-sign condition, the number of non-compliant drivers (i.e., those who did not stop) at the crossing was highest for this condition. While results indicate that traffic signals at rail level crossings do not appear to offer any safety benefits over and above flashing red lights, further avenues of research are proposed to reach more definitive conclusions. Compliance was lowest for the passive crossing control which provides further support for the ongoing passive crossing upgrades in Australia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48321556,"asset_id":7836034,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14565093,"first_name":"Jordan","last_name":"Navarro","domain_name":"universite-lyon","page_name":"JordanNavarro","display_name":"Jordan Navarro","profile_url":"https://universite-lyon.academia.edu/JordanNavarro?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14565093/11691305/13035072/s65_jordan.navarro.jpg_oh_97f2fcb90a127f68eed743b7d8ff190c_oe_575f4144"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":45666,"name":"Automobiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobiles?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":51866,"name":"Red Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_Light?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":86785,"name":"Applied Ergonomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ergonomics?f_ri=143507"},{"id":137633,"name":"Feedback","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feedback?f_ri=143507"},{"id":137847,"name":"Active Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_Control?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":186234,"name":"Medical Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physiology?f_ri=143507"},{"id":218815,"name":"Victoria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victoria?f_ri=143507"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=143507"},{"id":434017,"name":"Railroads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railroads?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2217019,"name":"Sound Localization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sound_Localization?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2248971,"name":"Automobile driving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobile_driving?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8285693" data-work_id="8285693" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8285693/Viewing_behaviour_of_spider_phobics_and_non_phobics_in_the_presence_of_threat_and_safety_stimuli">Viewing behaviour of spider phobics and non-phobics in the presence of threat and safety stimuli</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Objectives. To determine whether spider phobics and spider non-phobics differ in attending to threat and safety stimuli in close proximity, or spatially separated.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8285693" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3fe0fa03730de0e5f014c95380d03fde" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48154312,"asset_id":8285693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48154312/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16446397" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/PirashanthieVivekanandaSchmidt">Pirashanthie Vivekananda-Schmidt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16446397" type="text/json">{"id":16446397,"first_name":"Pirashanthie","last_name":"Vivekananda-Schmidt","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"PirashanthieVivekanandaSchmidt","display_name":"Pirashanthie Vivekananda-Schmidt","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/PirashanthieVivekanandaSchmidt?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16446397/10865251/12125800/s65_pirashanthie.vivekananda-schmidt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8285693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8285693"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8285693, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8285693", }); 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To determine whether spider phobics and spider non-phobics differ in attending to threat and safety stimuli in close proximity, or spatially separated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48154312,"asset_id":8285693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16446397,"first_name":"Pirashanthie","last_name":"Vivekananda-Schmidt","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"PirashanthieVivekanandaSchmidt","display_name":"Pirashanthie Vivekananda-Schmidt","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/PirashanthieVivekanandaSchmidt?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16446397/10865251/12125800/s65_pirashanthie.vivekananda-schmidt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=143507"},{"id":67862,"name":"Spiders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spiders?f_ri=143507"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13818253" data-work_id="13818253" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13818253/Risk_sensitive_neurons_in_macaque_posterior_cingulate_cortex">Risk-sensitive neurons in macaque posterior cingulate cortex</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">People and animals often demonstrate strong attraction or aversion to options with uncertain or risky rewards, yet the neural substrate of subjective risk preferences has rarely been investigated. Here we show that monkeys systematically... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13818253" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">People and animals often demonstrate strong attraction or aversion to options with uncertain or risky rewards, yet the neural substrate of subjective risk preferences has rarely been investigated. Here we show that monkeys systematically preferred the risky target in a visual gambling task in which they chose between two targets offering the same mean reward but differing in reward uncertainty. Neuronal activity in posterior cingulate cortex (CGp), a brain area linked to visual orienting and reward processing, increased when monkeys made risky choices and scaled with the degree of risk. CGp activation was better predicted by the subjective salience of a chosen target than by its actual value. These data suggest that CGp signals the subjective preferences that guide visual orienting.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13818253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33fe460558b879516c45dc52ab8489e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44915115,"asset_id":13818253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44915115/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32914699" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AllisonMcCoy">Allison McCoy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32914699" type="text/json">{"id":32914699,"first_name":"Allison","last_name":"McCoy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AllisonMcCoy","display_name":"Allison McCoy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AllisonMcCoy?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13818253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13818253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13818253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13818253", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13818253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13818253").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13818253").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13818253"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking">Risk Taking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13590" type="text/json">{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models">Linear models</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28850" type="text/json">{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13818253]'), work: {"id":13818253,"title":"Risk-sensitive neurons in macaque posterior cingulate cortex","created_at":"2015-07-08T16:50:04.023-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13818253/Risk_sensitive_neurons_in_macaque_posterior_cingulate_cortex?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_13818253","summary":"People and animals often demonstrate strong attraction or aversion to options with uncertain or risky rewards, yet the neural substrate of subjective risk preferences has rarely been investigated. Here we show that monkeys systematically preferred the risky target in a visual gambling task in which they chose between two targets offering the same mean reward but differing in reward uncertainty. Neuronal activity in posterior cingulate cortex (CGp), a brain area linked to visual orienting and reward processing, increased when monkeys made risky choices and scaled with the degree of risk. CGp activation was better predicted by the subjective salience of a chosen target than by its actual value. These data suggest that CGp signals the subjective preferences that guide visual orienting.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44915115,"asset_id":13818253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32914699,"first_name":"Allison","last_name":"McCoy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AllisonMcCoy","display_name":"Allison McCoy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AllisonMcCoy?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":33069,"name":"Probability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability?f_ri=143507"},{"id":49021,"name":"Reward","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reward?f_ri=143507"},{"id":93037,"name":"Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":115437,"name":"Nature Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_Neuroscience?f_ri=143507"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507"},{"id":140418,"name":"Risky Choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risky_Choice?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=143507"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=143507"},{"id":459190,"name":"Risk Preference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Preference?f_ri=143507"},{"id":473567,"name":"Neuronal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuronal_Activity?f_ri=143507"},{"id":573267,"name":"Macaca Mulatta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaca_Mulatta?f_ri=143507"},{"id":955727,"name":"Action Potentials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Potentials?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70437614" data-work_id="70437614" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/70437614/Lucid_dreaming_Correspondence_between_dreamed_and_actual_events_in_one_subject_during_rem_sleep">Lucid dreaming: Correspondence between dreamed and actual events in one subject during rem sleep</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During lucid dreaming, a subject willed movements of his fingers, toes and feet, remembered tasks, and counted sensory stimuli. Dreamed speech was related to respiration. EMG activity corresponding to dreamed actions was greater in flexor... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70437614" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During lucid dreaming, a subject willed movements of his fingers, toes and feet, remembered tasks, and counted sensory stimuli. Dreamed speech was related to respiration. EMG activity corresponding to dreamed actions was greater in flexor than in extensor limb muscles and was never present in axial muscles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70437614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44644919" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterFenwick">Peter Fenwick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44644919" type="text/json">{"id":44644919,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Fenwick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterFenwick","display_name":"Peter Fenwick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterFenwick?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70437614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70437614"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70437614, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70437614", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70437614]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70437614").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70437614").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70437614"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology">Biological Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="225" type="text/json">{"id":225,"name":"Biological Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams">Dreams</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25422" type="text/json">{"id":25422,"name":"Dreams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70437614]'), work: {"id":70437614,"title":"Lucid dreaming: Correspondence between dreamed and actual events in one subject during rem sleep","created_at":"2022-02-04T09:00:54.953-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70437614/Lucid_dreaming_Correspondence_between_dreamed_and_actual_events_in_one_subject_during_rem_sleep?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_70437614","summary":"During lucid dreaming, a subject willed movements of his fingers, toes and feet, remembered tasks, and counted sensory stimuli. Dreamed speech was related to respiration. EMG activity corresponding to dreamed actions was greater in flexor than in extensor limb muscles and was never present in axial muscles.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44644919,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Fenwick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterFenwick","display_name":"Peter Fenwick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterFenwick?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":225,"name":"Biological Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":25422,"name":"Dreams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=143507"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=143507"},{"id":134095,"name":"Muscles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscles?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":170918,"name":"Electromyography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyography?f_ri=143507"},{"id":592786,"name":"Rem Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rem_Sleep?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5493582" data-work_id="5493582" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5493582/The_coordination_of_eye_head_and_arm_movements_during_reaching_at_a_single_visual_target">The coordination of eye, head, and arm movements during reaching at a single visual target</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The time of occurrence of eye, head, and arm movements directed at the same visual target was measured in five human subjects. The latency of activation of the corresponding neck and arm muscles was also measured. It appears that although... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5493582" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The time of occurrence of eye, head, and arm movements directed at the same visual target was measured in five human subjects. The latency of activation of the corresponding neck and arm muscles was also measured. It appears that although the overt movements are sequentially ordered (starting with the eye movement, then the head and finally the arm) the EMG discharges are synchronous with respect to the eye movement onset. In addition, eye movement latency appears definitely (though weakly) correlated with either neck or arm EMG latencies. Neck and arm EMG latencies are also mutually correlated. These results indicate a clustering of segmental motor programs for target oriented actions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5493582" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="16e0d7e97da6d764441fa416584824a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49271462,"asset_id":5493582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49271462/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7738800" href="https://univ-lyon1.academia.edu/ClaudePrablanc">Claude Prablanc</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7738800" type="text/json">{"id":7738800,"first_name":"Claude","last_name":"Prablanc","domain_name":"univ-lyon1","page_name":"ClaudePrablanc","display_name":"Claude Prablanc","profile_url":"https://univ-lyon1.academia.edu/ClaudePrablanc?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5493582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5493582"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5493582, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5493582", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5493582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5493582; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5493582"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5493582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5493582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5493582; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5493582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5493582").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5493582").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5493582"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107148" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades">Saccades</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107148" type="text/json">{"id":107148,"name":"Saccades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119665" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time">Reaction Time</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119665" type="text/json">{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134095" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscles">Muscles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="134095" type="text/json">{"id":134095,"name":"Muscles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscles?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5493582]'), work: {"id":5493582,"title":"The coordination of eye, head, and arm movements during reaching at a single visual target","created_at":"2013-12-20T23:33:11.240-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5493582/The_coordination_of_eye_head_and_arm_movements_during_reaching_at_a_single_visual_target?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_5493582","summary":"The time of occurrence of eye, head, and arm movements directed at the same visual target was measured in five human subjects. The latency of activation of the corresponding neck and arm muscles was also measured. It appears that although the overt movements are sequentially ordered (starting with the eye movement, then the head and finally the arm) the EMG discharges are synchronous with respect to the eye movement onset. In addition, eye movement latency appears definitely (though weakly) correlated with either neck or arm EMG latencies. Neck and arm EMG latencies are also mutually correlated. These results indicate a clustering of segmental motor programs for target oriented actions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49271462,"asset_id":5493582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7738800,"first_name":"Claude","last_name":"Prablanc","domain_name":"univ-lyon1","page_name":"ClaudePrablanc","display_name":"Claude Prablanc","profile_url":"https://univ-lyon1.academia.edu/ClaudePrablanc?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":107148,"name":"Saccades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":134095,"name":"Muscles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscles?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":170918,"name":"Electromyography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyography?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":847989,"name":"Neck Muscles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neck_Muscles?f_ri=143507"},{"id":979686,"name":"Human Subjects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Subjects?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1756573,"name":"Motor Skills","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Skills?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60853544" data-work_id="60853544" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60853544/Computation_of_gaze_orientation_under_unrestrained_head_movements">Computation of gaze orientation under unrestrained head movements</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Given the high relevance of visual input to human behavior, it is often important to precisely monitor the spatial orientation of the visual axis. One popular and accurate technique for measuring gaze orientation is based on the dual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60853544" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Given the high relevance of visual input to human behavior, it is often important to precisely monitor the spatial orientation of the visual axis. One popular and accurate technique for measuring gaze orientation is based on the dual search coil. This technique does not allow for very large displacements of the subject, however, and is not robust with respect to translations of the head. More recently, less invasive procedures have been developed that record eye movements with camera-based systems attached to a helmet worn by the subject. Computational algorithms have also been developed that can calibrate eye orientation when the head's position is fixed. Given that camera-based systems measure the eye's position in its orbit, however, the reconstruction of gaze orientation is not as straightforward when the head is allowed to move. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm and calibration method to compute gaze orientation under unrestrained head conditions. Our method requires only the accurate measurement of orbital eye position (for instance, with a camera-based system), and the position of three points on the head. The calculations are expressed in terms of linear algebra, so can easily be interpreted and related to the geometry of the human body. Our calibration method has been tested experimentally and validated against independent data, proving that is it robust even under large translations, rotations, and torsions of the head.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60853544" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cccdb82ec071d8e50419937ced22c3fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74117276,"asset_id":60853544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74117276/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32539440" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RenaudRonsse">Renaud Ronsse</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32539440" type="text/json">{"id":32539440,"first_name":"Renaud","last_name":"Ronsse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RenaudRonsse","display_name":"Renaud Ronsse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RenaudRonsse?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60853544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60853544"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60853544, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60853544", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60853544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60853544; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60853544"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60853544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60853544"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60853544; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60853544]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60853544").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60853544").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60853544"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Algebra">Linear Algebra</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29972" type="text/json">{"id":29972,"name":"Linear Algebra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Algebra?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87818" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_behavior">Human behavior</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="87818" type="text/json">{"id":87818,"name":"Human behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_behavior?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60853544]'), work: {"id":60853544,"title":"Computation of gaze orientation under unrestrained head movements","created_at":"2021-11-03T00:42:59.825-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60853544/Computation_of_gaze_orientation_under_unrestrained_head_movements?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_60853544","summary":"Given the high relevance of visual input to human behavior, it is often important to precisely monitor the spatial orientation of the visual axis. One popular and accurate technique for measuring gaze orientation is based on the dual search coil. This technique does not allow for very large displacements of the subject, however, and is not robust with respect to translations of the head. More recently, less invasive procedures have been developed that record eye movements with camera-based systems attached to a helmet worn by the subject. Computational algorithms have also been developed that can calibrate eye orientation when the head's position is fixed. Given that camera-based systems measure the eye's position in its orbit, however, the reconstruction of gaze orientation is not as straightforward when the head is allowed to move. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm and calibration method to compute gaze orientation under unrestrained head conditions. Our method requires only the accurate measurement of orbital eye position (for instance, with a camera-based system), and the position of three points on the head. The calculations are expressed in terms of linear algebra, so can easily be interpreted and related to the geometry of the human body. Our calibration method has been tested experimentally and validated against independent data, proving that is it robust even under large translations, rotations, and torsions of the head.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74117276,"asset_id":60853544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32539440,"first_name":"Renaud","last_name":"Ronsse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RenaudRonsse","display_name":"Renaud Ronsse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RenaudRonsse?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":29972,"name":"Linear Algebra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Algebra?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":87818,"name":"Human behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_behavior?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":88140,"name":"Human Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Body?f_ri=143507"},{"id":93037,"name":"Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":96893,"name":"Calibration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calibration?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":329042,"name":"Head Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":369895,"name":"Spatial Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Orientation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":3046853,"name":"Neuroscience Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience_Methods?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49186833" data-work_id="49186833" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49186833/Intentional_maps_in_posterior_parietal_cortex">Intentional maps in posterior parietal cortex</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The posterior parietal cortex (PPC), historically believed to be a sensory structure, is now viewed as an area important for sensory-motor integration. Among its functions is the forming of intentions, that is, high-level cognitive plans... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49186833" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The posterior parietal cortex (PPC), historically believed to be a sensory structure, is now viewed as an area important for sensory-motor integration. Among its functions is the forming of intentions, that is, high-level cognitive plans for movement. There is a map of intentions within the PPC, with different subregions dedicated to the planning of eye movements, reaching movements, and grasping movements. These areas appear to be specialized for the multisensory integration and coordinate transformations required to convert sensory input to motor output. In several subregions of the PPC, these operations are facilitated by the use of a common distributed space representation that is independent of both sensory input and motor output. Attention and learning effects are also evident in the PPC. However, these effects may be general to cortex and operate in the PPC in the context of sensory-motor transformations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49186833" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f62728562390b9876da23ec63dc32e6c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67570320,"asset_id":49186833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67570320/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14024385" href="https://asu.academia.edu/ChristopherBuneo">Christopher Buneo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14024385" type="text/json">{"id":14024385,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Buneo","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"ChristopherBuneo","display_name":"Christopher Buneo","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/ChristopherBuneo?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49186833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49186833"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49186833, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49186833", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49186833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49186833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49186833"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49186833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49186833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49186833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49186833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49186833").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49186833").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49186833"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34982" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Representation">Spatial Representation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34982" type="text/json">{"id":34982,"name":"Spatial Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Representation?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45349" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_perception">Space perception</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45349" type="text/json">{"id":45349,"name":"Space perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49186833]'), work: {"id":49186833,"title":"Intentional maps in posterior parietal cortex","created_at":"2021-06-09T08:14:14.018-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49186833/Intentional_maps_in_posterior_parietal_cortex?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_49186833","summary":"The posterior parietal cortex (PPC), historically believed to be a sensory structure, is now viewed as an area important for sensory-motor integration. Among its functions is the forming of intentions, that is, high-level cognitive plans for movement. There is a map of intentions within the PPC, with different subregions dedicated to the planning of eye movements, reaching movements, and grasping movements. These areas appear to be specialized for the multisensory integration and coordinate transformations required to convert sensory input to motor output. In several subregions of the PPC, these operations are facilitated by the use of a common distributed space representation that is independent of both sensory input and motor output. Attention and learning effects are also evident in the PPC. However, these effects may be general to cortex and operate in the PPC in the context of sensory-motor transformations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67570320,"asset_id":49186833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14024385,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Buneo","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"ChristopherBuneo","display_name":"Christopher Buneo","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/ChristopherBuneo?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":34982,"name":"Spatial Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Representation?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":45349,"name":"Space perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=143507"},{"id":59378,"name":"Optical Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Flow?f_ri=143507"},{"id":80523,"name":"Multisensory Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multisensory_Integration?f_ri=143507"},{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":93037,"name":"Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":123277,"name":"Posterior Parietal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posterior_Parietal_Cortex?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=143507"},{"id":195640,"name":"Learning Effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Effectiveness?f_ri=143507"},{"id":406036,"name":"Parietal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parietal_Lobe?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":704401,"name":"Neural pathways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_pathways?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11591175" data-work_id="11591175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11591175/Effects_of_chronic_pain_and_pain_related_fear_on_orienting_and_maintenance_of_attention_an_eye_movement_study">Effects of chronic pain and pain-related fear on orienting and maintenance of attention: an eye movement study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, effects of chronic pain and pain-related fear on orienting and maintenance of attention toward pain stimuli were evaluated by tracking eye movements within a dot-probe paradigm. The sample comprised matched chronic pain (n... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11591175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, effects of chronic pain and pain-related fear on orienting and maintenance of attention toward pain stimuli were evaluated by tracking eye movements within a dot-probe paradigm. The sample comprised matched chronic pain (n = 24) and pain-free (n = 24) groups, each of which included lower and higher fear of pain subgroups. Participants completed a dot-probe task wherein eye movements were assessed during the presentation of sensory pain-neutral, health catastrophe-neutral, and neutral-neutral word pairs. Higher fear of pain levels were associated with biases in 1) directing initial gaze toward health catastrophe words and, among participants with chronic pain, 2) subsequent avoidance of threat as reflected by shorter first fixation durations on health catastrophe words compared to pain-free cohorts. As stimulus word pairs persisted for 2,000 ms, no group differences were observed for overall gaze durations or reaction times to probes that followed. In sum, this research identified specific biases in visual attention related to fear of pain and chronic pain during early stages of information processing that were not evident on the basis of later behavior responses to probes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11591175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7455dc6dba161acd86391314a1843d1e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46616766,"asset_id":11591175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46616766/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28302269" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZhouYang8">Zhou Yang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28302269" type="text/json">{"id":28302269,"first_name":"Zhou","last_name":"Yang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZhouYang8","display_name":"Zhou Yang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZhouYang8?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11591175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11591175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11591175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11591175", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11591175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11591175; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11591175"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11591175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11591175"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11591175; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11591175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11591175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11591175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11591175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3931" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear">Fear</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3931" type="text/json">{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention">Attention</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7736" type="text/json">{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11591175]'), work: {"id":11591175,"title":"Effects of chronic pain and pain-related fear on orienting and maintenance of attention: an eye movement study","created_at":"2015-03-22T14:21:18.979-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11591175/Effects_of_chronic_pain_and_pain_related_fear_on_orienting_and_maintenance_of_attention_an_eye_movement_study?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_11591175","summary":"In this study, effects of chronic pain and pain-related fear on orienting and maintenance of attention toward pain stimuli were evaluated by tracking eye movements within a dot-probe paradigm. The sample comprised matched chronic pain (n = 24) and pain-free (n = 24) groups, each of which included lower and higher fear of pain subgroups. Participants completed a dot-probe task wherein eye movements were assessed during the presentation of sensory pain-neutral, health catastrophe-neutral, and neutral-neutral word pairs. Higher fear of pain levels were associated with biases in 1) directing initial gaze toward health catastrophe words and, among participants with chronic pain, 2) subsequent avoidance of threat as reflected by shorter first fixation durations on health catastrophe words compared to pain-free cohorts. As stimulus word pairs persisted for 2,000 ms, no group differences were observed for overall gaze durations or reaction times to probes that followed. In sum, this research identified specific biases in visual attention related to fear of pain and chronic pain during early stages of information processing that were not evident on the basis of later behavior responses to probes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46616766,"asset_id":11591175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28302269,"first_name":"Zhou","last_name":"Yang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZhouYang8","display_name":"Zhou Yang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZhouYang8?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=143507"},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=143507"},{"id":93037,"name":"Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=143507"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1262481,"name":"Pain Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Measurement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13461311" data-work_id="13461311" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13461311/Perception_of_self_motion_from_visual_flow">Perception of self-motion from visual flow</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Accurate and efficient control of self-motion is an important requirement for our daily behavior. Visual feedback about self-motion is provided by optic flow. Optic flow can be used to estimate the direction of self-motion ('heading')... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13461311" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Accurate and efficient control of self-motion is an important requirement for our daily behavior. Visual feedback about self-motion is provided by optic flow. Optic flow can be used to estimate the direction of self-motion ('heading') rapidly and efficiently. Analysis of oculomotor behavior reveals that eye movements usually accompany selfmotion. Such eye movements introduce additional retinal image motion so that the flow pattern on the retina usually consists of a combination of self-movement and eye movement components. The question of whether this 'retinal flow' alone allows the brain to estimate heading, or whether an additional 'extraretinal' eye movement signal is needed, has been controversial. This article reviews recent studies that suggest that heading can be estimated visually but extraretinal signals are used to disambiguate problematic situations. The dorsal stream of primate cortex contains motion processing areas that are selective for optic flow and self-motion. Models that link the properties of neurons in these areas to the properties of heading perception suggest possible underlying mechanisms of the visual perception of self-motion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13461311" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f462e36b48d26759c978903516e1fa6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45322363,"asset_id":13461311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45322363/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32689383" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrankBremmer">Frank Bremmer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32689383" type="text/json">{"id":32689383,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Bremmer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrankBremmer","display_name":"Frank Bremmer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrankBremmer?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13461311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13461311"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13461311, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13461311", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13461311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13461311; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13461311"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13461311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13461311"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13461311; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13461311]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13461311").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13461311").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13461311"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="867" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception">Perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="867" type="text/json">{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59378" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Flow">Optical Flow</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="59378" type="text/json">{"id":59378,"name":"Optical Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Flow?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13461311]'), work: {"id":13461311,"title":"Perception of self-motion from visual flow","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:30:53.660-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13461311/Perception_of_self_motion_from_visual_flow?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_13461311","summary":"Accurate and efficient control of self-motion is an important requirement for our daily behavior. Visual feedback about self-motion is provided by optic flow. Optic flow can be used to estimate the direction of self-motion ('heading') rapidly and efficiently. Analysis of oculomotor behavior reveals that eye movements usually accompany selfmotion. Such eye movements introduce additional retinal image motion so that the flow pattern on the retina usually consists of a combination of self-movement and eye movement components. The question of whether this 'retinal flow' alone allows the brain to estimate heading, or whether an additional 'extraretinal' eye movement signal is needed, has been controversial. This article reviews recent studies that suggest that heading can be estimated visually but extraretinal signals are used to disambiguate problematic situations. The dorsal stream of primate cortex contains motion processing areas that are selective for optic flow and self-motion. Models that link the properties of neurons in these areas to the properties of heading perception suggest possible underlying mechanisms of the visual perception of self-motion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45322363,"asset_id":13461311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32689383,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Bremmer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrankBremmer","display_name":"Frank Bremmer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrankBremmer?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":59378,"name":"Optical Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Flow?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":93035,"name":"Optic Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optic_Flow?f_ri=143507"},{"id":124863,"name":"Motion processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motion_processing?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":212759,"name":"Efficiency Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficiency_Analysis?f_ri=143507"},{"id":337493,"name":"Visual Feedback","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Feedback?f_ri=143507"},{"id":434762,"name":"Dorsal Stream","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dorsal_Stream?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":891612,"name":"Flow Pattern","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Pattern?f_ri=143507"},{"id":995270,"name":"Visual Motion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Motion?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1612732,"name":"Retinal imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_imaging?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22170802" data-work_id="22170802" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22170802/Effects_of_light_intensity_and_pattern_contrast_on_the_ability_of_the_land_crab_Cardisoma_guanhumi_to_separate_optic_flow_field_components">Effects of light intensity and pattern contrast on the ability of the land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, to separate optic flow-field components</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Using a novel suite of computer-generated visual stimuli that mimicked components of optic flow, the visual responses of the tropical land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, were investigated. We show that crabs are normally successful in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22170802" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Using a novel suite of computer-generated visual stimuli that mimicked components of optic flow, the visual responses of the tropical land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, were investigated. We show that crabs are normally successful in distinguishing the rotational and translational components of the optic flow field, showing strong optokinetic responses to the former but not the latter. This ability was not dependant on the orientation of the crab, occurring both in "forwards-walking" and "sideways-walking" configurations. However, under conditions of low overall light intensity and0or low object0background contrast, the separation mechanism shows partial failure causing the crab to generate compensatory eye movements to translation, particularly in response to low-frequency (low-velocity) stimuli. Using this discovery, we then tested the ability of crabs to separate rotational and translational components in a combined rotation0translation flow field under different conditions. We demonstrate that, while crabs can successfully separate such a combined flow field under normal circumstances, showing compensatory eye movements only to the rotational component, they are unable to make this separation under conditions of low overall light intensity and low object0background contrast. Here, the responses to both flow-field components show summation when they are in phase, but, surprisingly, there is little reduction in the amplitude of responses to rotation when the translational component is in antiphase. Our results demonstrate that the crab's visual system finds separation of flow-field components a harder task than detection of movement, since the former shows partial failure at light intensities and0or object0background contrasts at which movement of the world around the crab is still generating high-gain optokinetic responses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22170802" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2dce3a538be2d7c1818a96bc2fd738b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42832080,"asset_id":22170802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42832080/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43522161" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinMacauley">Martin Macauley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43522161" type="text/json">{"id":43522161,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Macauley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinMacauley","display_name":"Martin Macauley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinMacauley?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22170802 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22170802"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22170802, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22170802", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22170802 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22170802; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22170802"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22170802 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22170802"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22170802; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22170802]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22170802").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22170802").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22170802"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5692" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Neuroscience">Visual Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5692" type="text/json">{"id":5692,"name":"Visual Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Neuroscience?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light">Light</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128057" type="text/json">{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135373" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_sensitivity">Contrast sensitivity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135373" type="text/json">{"id":135373,"name":"Contrast sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_sensitivity?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements">Eye Movements</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="143507" type="text/json">{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22170802]'), work: {"id":22170802,"title":"Effects of light intensity and pattern contrast on the ability of the land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, to separate optic flow-field components","created_at":"2016-02-19T03:15:25.902-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22170802/Effects_of_light_intensity_and_pattern_contrast_on_the_ability_of_the_land_crab_Cardisoma_guanhumi_to_separate_optic_flow_field_components?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_22170802","summary":"Using a novel suite of computer-generated visual stimuli that mimicked components of optic flow, the visual responses of the tropical land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, were investigated. We show that crabs are normally successful in distinguishing the rotational and translational components of the optic flow field, showing strong optokinetic responses to the former but not the latter. This ability was not dependant on the orientation of the crab, occurring both in \"forwards-walking\" and \"sideways-walking\" configurations. However, under conditions of low overall light intensity and0or low object0background contrast, the separation mechanism shows partial failure causing the crab to generate compensatory eye movements to translation, particularly in response to low-frequency (low-velocity) stimuli. Using this discovery, we then tested the ability of crabs to separate rotational and translational components in a combined rotation0translation flow field under different conditions. We demonstrate that, while crabs can successfully separate such a combined flow field under normal circumstances, showing compensatory eye movements only to the rotational component, they are unable to make this separation under conditions of low overall light intensity and low object0background contrast. Here, the responses to both flow-field components show summation when they are in phase, but, surprisingly, there is little reduction in the amplitude of responses to rotation when the translational component is in antiphase. Our results demonstrate that the crab's visual system finds separation of flow-field components a harder task than detection of movement, since the former shows partial failure at light intensities and0or object0background contrasts at which movement of the world around the crab is still generating high-gain optokinetic responses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42832080,"asset_id":22170802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43522161,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Macauley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinMacauley","display_name":"Martin Macauley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinMacauley?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5692,"name":"Visual Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Neuroscience?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":135373,"name":"Contrast sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_sensitivity?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":252687,"name":"Brachyura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachyura?f_ri=143507"},{"id":818658,"name":"Rotation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2246318,"name":"Motor activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_activity?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22151622" data-work_id="22151622" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22151622/Alcohol_impairment_of_saccadic_and_smooth_pursuit_eye_movements_impact_of_risk_factors_for_alcohol_dependence">Alcohol impairment of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements: impact of risk factors for alcohol dependence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rationale While persons at risk for alcohol dependence by virtue of heavy drinking patterns or family history (FH) of alcohol use disorders have exhibited differential alcohol responses on a variety of measures, few studies have examined... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22151622" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rationale While persons at risk for alcohol dependence by virtue of heavy drinking patterns or family history (FH) of alcohol use disorders have exhibited differential alcohol responses on a variety of measures, few studies have examined alcohol's effects on eye movements in these subgroups.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22151622" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e33215610a3107033803627ee54f80c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42814489,"asset_id":22151622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42814489/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43489014" href="https://umaryland-med.academia.edu/DanielRoche">Daniel Roche</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43489014" type="text/json">{"id":43489014,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Roche","domain_name":"umaryland-med","page_name":"DanielRoche","display_name":"Daniel Roche","profile_url":"https://umaryland-med.academia.edu/DanielRoche?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43489014/63383403/51688670/s65_daniel.roche.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22151622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22151622"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22151622, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22151622", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22151622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22151622; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22151622"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22151622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22151622"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22151622; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22151622]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22151622").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22151622").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22151622"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2047" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology">Psychopharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2047" type="text/json">{"id":2047,"name":"Psychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_history">Family history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32159" type="text/json">{"id":32159,"name":"Family history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_history?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107148" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades">Saccades</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107148" type="text/json">{"id":107148,"name":"Saccades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking">Alcohol Drinking</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="110254" type="text/json">{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22151622]'), work: {"id":22151622,"title":"Alcohol impairment of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements: impact of risk factors for alcohol dependence","created_at":"2016-02-18T13:00:20.110-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22151622/Alcohol_impairment_of_saccadic_and_smooth_pursuit_eye_movements_impact_of_risk_factors_for_alcohol_dependence?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_22151622","summary":"Rationale While persons at risk for alcohol dependence by virtue of heavy drinking patterns or family history (FH) of alcohol use disorders have exhibited differential alcohol responses on a variety of measures, few studies have examined alcohol's effects on eye movements in these subgroups.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42814489,"asset_id":22151622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43489014,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Roche","domain_name":"umaryland-med","page_name":"DanielRoche","display_name":"Daniel Roche","profile_url":"https://umaryland-med.academia.edu/DanielRoche?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43489014/63383403/51688670/s65_daniel.roche.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2047,"name":"Psychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":32159,"name":"Family history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_history?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":107148,"name":"Saccades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccades?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=143507"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=143507"},{"id":201381,"name":"Smooth Pursuit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smooth_Pursuit?f_ri=143507"},{"id":227342,"name":"Alcohol Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Consumption?f_ri=143507"},{"id":318781,"name":"Alcohol dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_dependence?f_ri=143507"},{"id":402006,"name":"Binge drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Binge_drinking?f_ri=143507"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=143507"},{"id":860345,"name":"Low Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Risk?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71769839" data-work_id="71769839" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71769839/Imagery_rescripting_and_eye_movement_desensitisation_and_reprocessing_for_treatment_of_adults_with_childhood_trauma_related_post_traumatic_stress_disorder_IREM_study_design">Imagery rescripting and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing for treatment of adults with childhood trauma-related post-traumatic stress disorder: IREM study design</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that originates from childhood trauma experiences can develop into a chronic condition that has lasting effects on an individual&#39;s functioning and quality of life. While there are evidence-based... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71769839" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that originates from childhood trauma experiences can develop into a chronic condition that has lasting effects on an individual&#39;s functioning and quality of life. While there are evidence-based guidelines for treating adult onset PTSD, treatments for adults with childhood trauma-related PTSD (Ch-PTSD) are varied and subject to ongoing debate. This study will test the effectiveness of two trauma-focused treatments, imagery rescripting (ImRs) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) in participants with Ch-PTSD. Both have been found effective in treatment of adult PTSD or mixed onset PTSD and previous research indicates they are well-tolerated treatments. However, we know less about their effectiveness for treating Ch-PTSD or their underlying working mechanisms. IREM is an international multicentre randomised controlled trial involving seven sites across Australia, Germany and the Netherlands. We aim to recruit 142 participant...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71769839" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1f15afcd5cf3462e7d59c49e96e35fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80976332,"asset_id":71769839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80976332/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68570101" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/SaskiavanEs">Saskia van Es</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68570101" type="text/json">{"id":68570101,"first_name":"Saskia","last_name":"van Es","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"SaskiavanEs","display_name":"Saskia van Es","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/SaskiavanEs?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68570101/17986487/17995879/s65_saskia.van_es.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71769839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71769839"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71769839, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71769839", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71769839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71769839; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71769839"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71769839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71769839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71769839; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71769839]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71769839").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71769839").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71769839"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design">Research Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2066" type="text/json">{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement_Desensitization_and_Reprocessing_EMDR_">Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3714" type="text/json">{"id":3714,"name":"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement_Desensitization_and_Reprocessing_EMDR_?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia">Australia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6697" type="text/json">{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71769839]'), work: {"id":71769839,"title":"Imagery rescripting and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing for treatment of adults with childhood trauma-related post-traumatic stress disorder: IREM study design","created_at":"2022-02-17T09:32:46.242-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71769839/Imagery_rescripting_and_eye_movement_desensitisation_and_reprocessing_for_treatment_of_adults_with_childhood_trauma_related_post_traumatic_stress_disorder_IREM_study_design?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_71769839","summary":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that originates from childhood trauma experiences can develop into a chronic condition that has lasting effects on an individual\u0026#39;s functioning and quality of life. While there are evidence-based guidelines for treating adult onset PTSD, treatments for adults with childhood trauma-related PTSD (Ch-PTSD) are varied and subject to ongoing debate. This study will test the effectiveness of two trauma-focused treatments, imagery rescripting (ImRs) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) in participants with Ch-PTSD. Both have been found effective in treatment of adult PTSD or mixed onset PTSD and previous research indicates they are well-tolerated treatments. However, we know less about their effectiveness for treating Ch-PTSD or their underlying working mechanisms. IREM is an international multicentre randomised controlled trial involving seven sites across Australia, Germany and the Netherlands. We aim to recruit 142 participant...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80976332,"asset_id":71769839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68570101,"first_name":"Saskia","last_name":"van Es","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"SaskiavanEs","display_name":"Saskia van Es","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/SaskiavanEs?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68570101/17986487/17995879/s65_saskia.van_es.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":3714,"name":"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement_Desensitization_and_Reprocessing_EMDR_?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=143507"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=143507"},{"id":50576,"name":"Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germany?f_ri=143507"},{"id":53626,"name":"Exposure to Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exposure_to_Violence?f_ri=143507"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":157892,"name":"Netherlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netherlands?f_ri=143507"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66804236" data-work_id="66804236" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66804236/Investigating_Image_Based_Perception_and_Reasoning_in_Geometry">Investigating Image-Based Perception and Reasoning in Geometry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study we seek to identify brain and body activities that correlate in valid and reliable manners, and with a high degree of statistical significance, with different aspects of geometrical image-based perception and reasoning. In... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66804236" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study we seek to identify brain and body activities that correlate in valid and reliable manners, and with a high degree of statistical significance, with different aspects of geometrical image-based perception and reasoning. In so doing, we seek a better understanding of cognitive processes associated with geometrical image-based learning, instruction, and assessment in mathematics education, and to contribute to extending multidisciplinary boundaries of educational research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66804236" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e68731061f5cd79d98aedde72e8119d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77855653,"asset_id":66804236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77855653/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31939274" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KHandscomb">Kerry Handscomb</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31939274" type="text/json">{"id":31939274,"first_name":"Kerry","last_name":"Handscomb","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KHandscomb","display_name":"Kerry Handscomb","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KHandscomb?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66804236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66804236"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66804236, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66804236", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66804236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66804236; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66804236"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66804236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66804236"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66804236; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66804236]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66804236").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66804236").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66804236"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="867" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception">Perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="867" type="text/json">{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education">Mathematics Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2731" type="text/json">{"id":2731,"name":"Mathematics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66804236]'), work: {"id":66804236,"title":"Investigating Image-Based Perception and Reasoning in Geometry","created_at":"2022-01-01T10:24:19.535-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66804236/Investigating_Image_Based_Perception_and_Reasoning_in_Geometry?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_66804236","summary":"In this study we seek to identify brain and body activities that correlate in valid and reliable manners, and with a high degree of statistical significance, with different aspects of geometrical image-based perception and reasoning. In so doing, we seek a better understanding of cognitive processes associated with geometrical image-based learning, instruction, and assessment in mathematics education, and to contribute to extending multidisciplinary boundaries of educational research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77855653,"asset_id":66804236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31939274,"first_name":"Kerry","last_name":"Handscomb","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KHandscomb","display_name":"Kerry Handscomb","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KHandscomb?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2731,"name":"Mathematics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7099,"name":"Case Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies?f_ri=143507"},{"id":42071,"name":"Online","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online?f_ri=143507"},{"id":54418,"name":"Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry?f_ri=143507"},{"id":81504,"name":"Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":208996,"name":"Cognitive processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_processes?f_ri=143507"},{"id":287095,"name":"Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Representation_and_Reasoning?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1532010,"name":"Online Submission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Submission?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40814458" data-work_id="40814458" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40814458/Emotional_arousal_and_activation_of_the_visual_cortex_An_fMRI_analysis">Emotional arousal and activation of the visual cortex: An fMRI analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Functional activity in the visual cortex was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology while participants viewed a series of pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant pictures. Coronal images at four different locations in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40814458" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Functional activity in the visual cortex was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology while participants viewed a series of pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant pictures. Coronal images at four different locations in the occipital cortex were acquired during each of eight 12-s picture presentation periods~on! and 12-s interpicture interval off !. The extent of functional activation was larger in the right than the left hemisphere and larger in the occipital than in the occipitoparietal regions during processing of all picture contents compared with the interpicture intervals. More importantly, functional activity was significantly greater in all sampled brain regions when processing emotional pleasant or unpleasant! pictures than when processing neutral stimuli. In Experiment 2, a hypothesis that these differences were an artifact of differential eye movements was ruled out. Whereas both emotional and neutral pictures produced activity centered on the calcarine fissure~Area 17!, only emotional pictures also produced sizable clusters bilaterally in the occipital gyrus, in the right fusiform gyrus, and in the right inferior and superior parietal lobules.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40814458" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b6251fb60e4d24b255b49ae059aed82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61097169,"asset_id":40814458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61097169/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51581219" href="https://findlay.academia.edu/JamesScott">James Scott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51581219" type="text/json">{"id":51581219,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Scott","domain_name":"findlay","page_name":"JamesScott","display_name":"James Scott","profile_url":"https://findlay.academia.edu/JamesScott?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40814458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40814458"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40814458, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40814458", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40814458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40814458; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40814458"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40814458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40814458"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40814458; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40814458]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40814458").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40814458").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40814458"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1026" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1026" type="text/json">{"id":1026,"name":"Psychophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions">Emotions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42162" type="text/json">{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40814458]'), work: {"id":40814458,"title":"Emotional arousal and activation of the visual cortex: An fMRI analysis","created_at":"2019-11-01T20:26:21.242-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40814458/Emotional_arousal_and_activation_of_the_visual_cortex_An_fMRI_analysis?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_40814458","summary":"Functional activity in the visual cortex was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology while participants viewed a series of pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant pictures. Coronal images at four different locations in the occipital cortex were acquired during each of eight 12-s picture presentation periods~on! and 12-s interpicture interval off !. The extent of functional activation was larger in the right than the left hemisphere and larger in the occipital than in the occipitoparietal regions during processing of all picture contents compared with the interpicture intervals. More importantly, functional activity was significantly greater in all sampled brain regions when processing emotional pleasant or unpleasant! pictures than when processing neutral stimuli. In Experiment 2, a hypothesis that these differences were an artifact of differential eye movements was ruled out. Whereas both emotional and neutral pictures produced activity centered on the calcarine fissure~Area 17!, only emotional pictures also produced sizable clusters bilaterally in the occipital gyrus, in the right fusiform gyrus, and in the right inferior and superior parietal lobules.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61097169,"asset_id":40814458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51581219,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Scott","domain_name":"findlay","page_name":"JamesScott","display_name":"James Scott","profile_url":"https://findlay.academia.edu/JamesScott?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1026,"name":"Psychophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":49962,"name":"Visual Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Cortex?f_ri=143507"},{"id":93704,"name":"Galvanic Skin Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galvanic_Skin_Response?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":306766,"name":"Arousal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arousal?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2677637,"name":"Sex Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Characteristics?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_308485" data-work_id="308485" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/308485/Fixation_Stability_and_Reading_Speed_In_Patients_With_Newly_Developed_Macular_Disease_">Fixation Stability and Reading Speed In Patients With Newly Developed Macular Disease*</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/308485" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="238436" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/MichaelCrossland">Michael Crossland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="238436" type="text/json">{"id":238436,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Crossland","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"MichaelCrossland","display_name":"Michael Crossland","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/MichaelCrossland?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_308485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="308485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 308485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_308485", }); });</script></li><li 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description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=308485]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_308485").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_308485").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="308485"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="627" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="627" type="text/json">{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="988" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design">Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="988" type="text/json">{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiological_Optics">Physiological Optics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2228" type="text/json">{"id":2228,"name":"Physiological Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiological_Optics?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading">Reading</a><script 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Crossland","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/MichaelCrossland?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2228,"name":"Physiological Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiological_Optics?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":25600,"name":"Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stability?f_ri=143507"},{"id":40271,"name":"Visual acuity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_acuity?f_ri=143507"},{"id":40272,"name":"Macular Degeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macular_Degeneration?f_ri=143507"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507"},{"id":80221,"name":"Lasers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers?f_ri=143507"},{"id":86869,"name":"Low vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_vision?f_ri=143507"},{"id":135373,"name":"Contrast sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_sensitivity?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=143507"},{"id":300145,"name":"Fixation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fixation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=143507"},{"id":524072,"name":"Location","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Location?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2204428,"name":"Infra red","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infra_red?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_833487 coauthored" data-work_id="833487" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/833487/Visual_search_in_typically_developing_toddlers_and_toddlers_with_Fragile_X_or_Williams_syndrome">Visual search in typically developing toddlers and toddlers with Fragile X or Williams syndrome</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">with FXS perseverated on previously found targets. These findings provide information on how visual search typically develops in toddlers, and reveal distinct search deficits for atypically developing toddlers.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/833487" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95fee8e06af950822208fcd96802a078" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":5009756,"asset_id":833487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5009756/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="667051" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/GaiaScerif">Gaia Scerif</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="667051" type="text/json">{"id":667051,"first_name":"Gaia","last_name":"Scerif","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"GaiaScerif","display_name":"Gaia Scerif","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/GaiaScerif?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/667051/408579/500877/s65_gaia.scerif.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-833487">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-833487"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnetteKarmiloffSmith">Annette Karmiloff-Smith</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-833487'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-833487').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_833487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="833487"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 833487; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=833487]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_833487").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_833487").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="833487"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development">Child Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4583" type="text/json">{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=833487]'), work: {"id":833487,"title":"Visual search in typically developing toddlers and toddlers with Fragile X or Williams syndrome","created_at":"2011-08-15T06:30:13.749-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/833487/Visual_search_in_typically_developing_toddlers_and_toddlers_with_Fragile_X_or_Williams_syndrome?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_833487","summary":"with FXS perseverated on previously found targets. These findings provide information on how visual search typically develops in toddlers, and reveal distinct search deficits for atypically developing toddlers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5009756,"asset_id":833487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":667051,"first_name":"Gaia","last_name":"Scerif","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"GaiaScerif","display_name":"Gaia Scerif","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/GaiaScerif?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/667051/408579/500877/s65_gaia.scerif.jpg"},{"id":970411,"first_name":"Annette","last_name":"Karmiloff-Smith","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnetteKarmiloffSmith","display_name":"Annette Karmiloff-Smith","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnetteKarmiloffSmith?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=143507"},{"id":22530,"name":"Williams Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Williams_Syndrome?f_ri=143507"},{"id":51533,"name":"Visual Search","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Search?f_ri=143507"},{"id":59249,"name":"Computers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computers?f_ri=143507"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":145223,"name":"Developmental Stages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Stages?f_ri=143507"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=143507"},{"id":172097,"name":"Fragile X Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fragile_X_Syndrome?f_ri=143507"},{"id":208996,"name":"Cognitive processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_processes?f_ri=143507"},{"id":229238,"name":"Developmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental?f_ri=143507"},{"id":442068,"name":"Developmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Science?f_ri=143507"},{"id":978643,"name":"Typical Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Typical_Development?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1125862,"name":"Visual stimuli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_stimuli?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1394263" data-work_id="1394263" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1394263/Visual_rehabilitation_of_patients_with_advanced_stages_of_glaucoma_optic_atrophy_myopia_or_retinitis_pigmentosa">Visual rehabilitation of patients with advanced stages of glaucoma, optic atrophy, myopia or retinitis pigmentosa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Seventy-nine patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy were subjected to a full range of low vision rehabilitation measures and followed for an average of 3.6 years at the Low Vision Clinic. They were provided with high power optical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1394263" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Seventy-nine patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy were subjected to a full range of low vision rehabilitation measures and followed for an average of 3.6 years at the Low Vision Clinic. They were provided with high power optical aids, followed by educational training in the use of such aids and of residual vision, including the utilization of peripheral retina by means of eccentric viewing technique in many cases (23%). Mean age was 52.7 years. Type I diabetes was diagnosed in 69 subjects and type II in 10 subjects. Proliferative retinopathy was present in 73 cases and background retinopathy in 6 eases. All subjects showed macular changes in varying degrees. (Another 36 patients participated in the first series of visits but could not be followed up, the main reason being that 31 of them died before follow-up. There were no major differences between the two groups regarding rehabilitation results.)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1394263" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="877392d3cb678feba25c39749994ab78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50990584,"asset_id":1394263,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50990584/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1210284" href="https://maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku.academia.edu/WiniDahat">Wini Dahat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1210284" type="text/json">{"id":1210284,"first_name":"Wini","last_name":"Dahat","domain_name":"maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku","page_name":"WiniDahat","display_name":"Wini Dahat","profile_url":"https://maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku.academia.edu/WiniDahat?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1210284/436017/540630/s65_wini.dahat.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1394263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1394263"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1394263, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1394263", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1394263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1394263; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1394263"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1394263 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1394263"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1394263; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1394263]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1394263").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1394263").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1394263"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading">Reading</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9471" type="text/json">{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myopia">Myopia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11284" type="text/json">{"id":11284,"name":"Myopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myopia?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34074" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Television">Television</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34074" type="text/json">{"id":34074,"name":"Television","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Television?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1394263]'), work: {"id":1394263,"title":"Visual rehabilitation of patients with advanced stages of glaucoma, optic atrophy, myopia or retinitis pigmentosa","created_at":"2012-02-15T00:16:54.218-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1394263/Visual_rehabilitation_of_patients_with_advanced_stages_of_glaucoma_optic_atrophy_myopia_or_retinitis_pigmentosa?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_1394263","summary":"Seventy-nine patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy were subjected to a full range of low vision rehabilitation measures and followed for an average of 3.6 years at the Low Vision Clinic. They were provided with high power optical aids, followed by educational training in the use of such aids and of residual vision, including the utilization of peripheral retina by means of eccentric viewing technique in many cases (23%). Mean age was 52.7 years. Type I diabetes was diagnosed in 69 subjects and type II in 10 subjects. Proliferative retinopathy was present in 73 cases and background retinopathy in 6 eases. All subjects showed macular changes in varying degrees. (Another 36 patients participated in the first series of visits but could not be followed up, the main reason being that 31 of them died before follow-up. There were no major differences between the two groups regarding rehabilitation results.)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50990584,"asset_id":1394263,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1210284,"first_name":"Wini","last_name":"Dahat","domain_name":"maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku","page_name":"WiniDahat","display_name":"Wini Dahat","profile_url":"https://maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku.academia.edu/WiniDahat?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1210284/436017/540630/s65_wini.dahat.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":11284,"name":"Myopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myopia?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":34074,"name":"Television","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Television?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":40271,"name":"Visual acuity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_acuity?f_ri=143507"},{"id":54489,"name":"Newspapers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newspapers?f_ri=143507"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=143507"},{"id":84960,"name":"Retinitis pigmentosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinitis_pigmentosa?f_ri=143507"},{"id":86869,"name":"Low vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_vision?f_ri=143507"},{"id":96572,"name":"Glaucoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glaucoma?f_ri=143507"},{"id":96573,"name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetic_Retinopathy?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=143507"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=143507"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1165849,"name":"Sensory Aids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensory_Aids?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2183181,"name":"Work Capacity Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_Capacity_Evaluation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2442320,"name":"Optic Atrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optic_Atrophy?f_ri=143507"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1991607" data-work_id="1991607" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1991607/Reliance_on_head_versus_eyes_in_the_gaze_following_of_great_apes_and_human_infants_the_cooperative_eye_hypothesis">Reliance on head versus eyes in the gaze following of great apes and human infants: the cooperative eye hypothesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As compared with other primates, humans have especially visible eyes (e.g., white sclera). One hypothesis is that this feature of human eyes evolved to make it easier for conspecifics to follow an individual's gaze direction in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1991607" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As compared with other primates, humans have especially visible eyes (e.g., white sclera). One hypothesis is that this feature of human eyes evolved to make it easier for conspecifics to follow an individual's gaze direction in close-range joint attentional and communicative interactions, which would seem to imply especially cooperative (mututalistic) conspecifics. In the current study, we tested one aspect of this cooperative eye hypothesis by comparing the gaze following behavior of great apes to that of human infants. A human experimenter ''looked'' to the ceiling either with his eyes only, head only (eyes closed), both head and eyes, or neither. Great apes followed gaze to the ceiling based mainly on the human's head direction (although eye direction played some role as well). In contrast, human infants relied almost exclusively on eye direction in these same situations. These results demonstrate that humans are especially reliant on eyes in gaze following situations, and thus, suggest that eyes evolved a new social function in human evolution, most likely to support cooperative (mututalistic) social interactions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1991607" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c58deb16dd114bb79264528aea9e10b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":28862406,"asset_id":1991607,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28862406/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2110918" href="https://iit-it.academia.edu/HagenLehmann">Hagen Lehmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2110918" type="text/json">{"id":2110918,"first_name":"Hagen","last_name":"Lehmann","domain_name":"iit-it","page_name":"HagenLehmann","display_name":"Hagen Lehmann","profile_url":"https://iit-it.academia.edu/HagenLehmann?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2110918/817221/14253170/s65_hagen.lehmann.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1991607 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1991607"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1991607, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1991607", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1991607]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1991607").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1991607").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1991607"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1991607]'), work: {"id":1991607,"title":"Reliance on head versus eyes in the gaze following of great apes and human infants: the cooperative eye hypothesis","created_at":"2012-10-03T01:34:29.463-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1991607/Reliance_on_head_versus_eyes_in_the_gaze_following_of_great_apes_and_human_infants_the_cooperative_eye_hypothesis?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_1991607","summary":"As compared with other primates, humans have especially visible eyes (e.g., white sclera). One hypothesis is that this feature of human eyes evolved to make it easier for conspecifics to follow an individual's gaze direction in close-range joint attentional and communicative interactions, which would seem to imply especially cooperative (mututalistic) conspecifics. In the current study, we tested one aspect of this cooperative eye hypothesis by comparing the gaze following behavior of great apes to that of human infants. A human experimenter ''looked'' to the ceiling either with his eyes only, head only (eyes closed), both head and eyes, or neither. Great apes followed gaze to the ceiling based mainly on the human's head direction (although eye direction played some role as well). In contrast, human infants relied almost exclusively on eye direction in these same situations. These results demonstrate that humans are especially reliant on eyes in gaze following situations, and thus, suggest that eyes evolved a new social function in human evolution, most likely to support cooperative (mututalistic) social interactions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":28862406,"asset_id":1991607,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2110918,"first_name":"Hagen","last_name":"Lehmann","domain_name":"iit-it","page_name":"HagenLehmann","display_name":"Hagen Lehmann","profile_url":"https://iit-it.academia.edu/HagenLehmann?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2110918/817221/14253170/s65_hagen.lehmann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=143507"},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=143507"},{"id":4626,"name":"Social Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognition?f_ri=143507"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction?f_ri=143507"},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=143507"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=143507"},{"id":23859,"name":"Joint attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Joint_attention?f_ri=143507"},{"id":57048,"name":"Gorilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gorilla?f_ri=143507"},{"id":72667,"name":"Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behaviour?f_ri=143507"},{"id":96347,"name":"Role","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Role?f_ri=143507"},{"id":108586,"name":"Gaze Direction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaze_Direction?f_ri=143507"},{"id":114829,"name":"New","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New?f_ri=143507"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":166609,"name":"Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Function?f_ri=143507"},{"id":172809,"name":"Interpersonal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Relations?f_ri=143507"},{"id":187761,"name":"Human Experimentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Experimentation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=143507"},{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye?f_ri=143507"},{"id":270767,"name":"Well","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Well?f_ri=143507"},{"id":311472,"name":"Pan troglodytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_troglodytes?f_ri=143507"},{"id":329042,"name":"Head Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":329135,"name":"Social Functioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Functioning?f_ri=143507"},{"id":346416,"name":"Ceiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceiling?f_ri=143507"},{"id":366742,"name":"Eyes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eyes?f_ri=143507"},{"id":978057,"name":"Apes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apes?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1153482,"name":"Cooperative Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperative_Behavior?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1624062,"name":"Pan Paniscus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Paniscus?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24415733" data-work_id="24415733" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24415733/Effects_of_Constraint_Induced_Therapy_Combined_With_Eye_Patching_on_Functional_Outcomes_and_Movement_Kinematics_in_Poststroke_Neglect">Effects of Constraint-Induced Therapy Combined With Eye Patching on Functional Outcomes and Movement Kinematics in Poststroke Neglect</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effect of constraint-induced therapy (CIT) plus eye patching (EP), CIT alone, and conventional treatment on functional performance, eye movement, and trunk-arm kinematics in stroke patients with neglect... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24415733" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effect of constraint-induced therapy (CIT) plus eye patching (EP), CIT alone, and conventional treatment on functional performance, eye movement, and trunk-arm kinematics in stroke patients with neglect syndrome.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24415733" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9a42f853a80562247c3914dbb005760" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44746654,"asset_id":24415733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44746654/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46871404" href="https://taiwan.academia.edu/KehChungLin">Keh-Chung Lin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46871404" type="text/json">{"id":46871404,"first_name":"Keh-Chung","last_name":"Lin","domain_name":"taiwan","page_name":"KehChungLin","display_name":"Keh-Chung Lin","profile_url":"https://taiwan.academia.edu/KehChungLin?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46871404/12432388/13836879/s65_keh-chung.lin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24415733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24415733"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24415733, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24415733", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24415733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24415733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24415733"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24415733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24415733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24415733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24415733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24415733").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24415733").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24415733"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44529" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activities_of_Daily_Living">Activities of Daily Living</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44529" type="text/json">{"id":44529,"name":"Activities of Daily Living","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activities_of_Daily_Living?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke">Stroke</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61234" type="text/json">{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84745" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement">Movement</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84745" type="text/json">{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24415733]'), work: {"id":24415733,"title":"Effects of Constraint-Induced Therapy Combined With Eye Patching on Functional Outcomes and Movement Kinematics in Poststroke Neglect","created_at":"2016-04-14T19:40:37.704-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24415733/Effects_of_Constraint_Induced_Therapy_Combined_With_Eye_Patching_on_Functional_Outcomes_and_Movement_Kinematics_in_Poststroke_Neglect?f_ri=143507","dom_id":"work_24415733","summary":"OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effect of constraint-induced therapy (CIT) plus eye patching (EP), CIT alone, and conventional treatment on functional performance, eye movement, and trunk-arm kinematics in stroke patients with neglect syndrome.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44746654,"asset_id":24415733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46871404,"first_name":"Keh-Chung","last_name":"Lin","domain_name":"taiwan","page_name":"KehChungLin","display_name":"Keh-Chung Lin","profile_url":"https://taiwan.academia.edu/KehChungLin?f_ri=143507","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46871404/12432388/13836879/s65_keh-chung.lin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":44529,"name":"Activities of Daily Living","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activities_of_Daily_Living?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=143507","nofollow":true},{"id":90162,"name":"Kinematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinematics?f_ri=143507"},{"id":118523,"name":"Checklist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Checklist?f_ri=143507"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=143507"},{"id":128538,"name":"Arm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arm?f_ri=143507"},{"id":143507,"name":"Eye Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movements?f_ri=143507"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=143507"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=143507"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=143507"},{"id":428577,"name":"Sensory Deprivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensory_Deprivation?f_ri=143507"},{"id":453610,"name":"Eye Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Movement?f_ri=143507"},{"id":976220,"name":"Physical Restraint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Restraint?f_ri=143507"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=143507"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18277158 coauthored" data-work_id="18277158" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18277158/Evidence_of_an_eye_movement_based_memory_effect_in_congenital_prosopagnosia">Evidence of an eye movement-based memory effect in congenital prosopagnosia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While extensive work has examined the role of covert recognition in acquired prosopagnosia, little attention has been directed to this process in the congenital form of the disorder. Indeed, evidence of covert recognition has only been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18277158" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While extensive work has examined the role of covert recognition in acquired prosopagnosia, little attention has been directed to this process in the congenital form of the disorder. Indeed, evidence of covert recognition has only been demonstrated in one congenital case in which autonomic measures provided evidence of recognition [Jones RD and Tranel D. Severe developmental prosopagnosia in a child with superior intellect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18277158" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7dcf60cf3eabf1c678bf8429c2160f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39969080,"asset_id":18277158,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39969080/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2NTgyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8473287" href="https://welshcomposites.academia.edu/jeremytree">jeremy tree</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8473287" type="text/json">{"id":8473287,"first_name":"jeremy","last_name":"tree","domain_name":"welshcomposites","page_name":"jeremytree","display_name":"jeremy tree","profile_url":"https://welshcomposites.academia.edu/jeremytree?f_ri=143507","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18277158">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18277158"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://bournemouth.academia.edu/SarahBate">Sarah Bate</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatherineHaslam">Catherine Haslam</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18277158'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18277158').html(); 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