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Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium - Walter E. Kaegi - Google Books

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium - Walter E. Kaegi - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_about_this_book_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/atb_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Heraclius_Emperor_of_Byzantium.html?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/Heraclius_Emperor_of_Byzantium.html?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC"/><meta name="title" content="Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium"/><meta name="description" content="This book evaluates the life and empire of the pivotal yet controversial and poorly understood Buzantine emperor Heraclius (AD 610 641), a contemporary of the Prophet Muhammad. His stormy and war-torn reign is critical for understanding the background to fundamental changes in the Balkans and the Middle East, including the emergence of Islam, at the end of antiquity. He respectievely captured and recaptured important swathes of territory, including Jerusalem and Syria and Egypt. 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Kaegi</span></a></div><div><span dir=ltr>Cambridge University Press</span>, <span dir=ltr>27 Mar 2003</span> - <a class="secondary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22Biography+%26+Autobiography%22&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0"><span dir=ltr>Biography &amp; Autobiography</span></a> - <span dir=ltr>359 pages</span></div></div><div id=synopsis><div id=synopsis-window><div id=synopsistext dir=ltr class="sa">This book evaluates the life and empire of the pivotal yet controversial and poorly understood Buzantine emperor Heraclius (AD 610 641), a contemporary of the Prophet Muhammad. His stormy and war-torn reign is critical for understanding the background to fundamental changes in the Balkans and the Middle East, including the emergence of Islam, at the end of antiquity. He respectievely captured and recaptured important swathes of territory, including Jerusalem and Syria and Egypt. This is the first English-language synthesis of diverse primary sources in the light of recent historical scholarship.</div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="redir_esc" value="y"><input type=hidden name="id" value="tlNlFZ_7UhoC"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Search inside" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div>&nbsp;</div></td><td><input type=submit value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form><div id="preview-link"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;printsec=frontcover" class="primary"><span dir=ltr>Preview this book</span> &raquo;</a></div></div></td> </tr></table><div id="summary-second-column"></div></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="selected_pages_anchor"></a>Selected pages</h3><div id=selected_pages class=about_content><div id=selected_pages_v><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PR3&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PR3&amp;img=1&amp;zoom=1&amp;sig=ACfU3U2gpW1wS4uhbiDL6MkbMuog8BFRbg" alt="Title Page" title="Title Page" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PR3&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1" >Title Page</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PA346&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PA346&amp;img=1&amp;zoom=1&amp;sig=ACfU3U1X6ceV2jf2Oe_9XOEUMhpcO5BHaA" alt="Index" title="Index" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PA346&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1" >Index</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PA328&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PA328&amp;img=1&amp;zoom=1&amp;sig=ACfU3U0wFWo_5DvcshvHgWtF6LKoS4oeFA" alt="References" title="References" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PA328&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1" >References</a></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Introduction</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>3</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Armenia and Africa the formative years</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>21</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Internal and external challenges in the first decade of the reign</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>60</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Taking the offensive</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>102</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Peril and hope</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>124</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The invasion of Mesopotamia</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>158</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Five crucial years a narrow window of opportunity</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>194</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Tested again</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>231</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Losing control</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>267</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Conclusions</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>302</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Chronological table</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>326</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PA330&amp;source=gbs_toc_r&amp;cad=2" ><span title="Bibliography" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bibliography</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>330</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;pg=PA348&amp;source=gbs_toc_r&amp;cad=2" ><span title="Index" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Index</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>348</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;printsec=copyright" ><span title="Copyright" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><div style="clear:left; height:1em"></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="book_other_versions_anchor"></a>Other editions - <a href='https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=editions:ISBN0521814596&id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC'>View all</a></h3><div id=book_other_versions class=about_content><div id=book_other_versions_v><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=RSyGPwAACAAJ&amp;source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&amp;cad=3" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=RSyGPwAACAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;img=1&amp;zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=RSyGPwAACAAJ&amp;source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&amp;cad=3"><span dir=ltr>Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=inauthor:%22Walter+E.+Kaegi%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Walter E. Kaegi</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2007</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><script>(function () {var fn = window['_OC_WSBookList'] || window['_OC_BookList'];fn && fn('book_other_versions', [{"title":"Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium","authors":"Walter E. Kaegi","bib_key":"ISBN:0521036984","pub_date":"21 May 2007","snippet":"This book evaluates the life and empire of the pivotal yet controversial Byzantine emperor Heraclius (ad. 610-641), a contemporary of the Prophet Muhammad. His stormy war-torn ...","subject":"History","info_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=RSyGPwAACAAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","preview_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=RSyGPwAACAAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","thumbnail_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=RSyGPwAACAAJ\u0026printsec=frontcover\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=1","num_pages":0,"viewability":4,"preview":"noview","embeddable":false,"my_ebooks_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fas_coll%3D7\u0026hl=en","can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false}]);})();</script></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id=word_cloud class=about_content><div id=word_cloud_v><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class=cloud><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Africa&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Africa</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Agapios&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Agapios</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Alexandria&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Alexandria</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Analecta+Avarica&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Analecta Avarica</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Anastase+le+Perse&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Anastase le Perse</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Anastasios&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Anastasios</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Anatolia&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Anatolia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Antioch&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Antioch</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Arabs&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Arabs</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Armenian&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Armenian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Avars&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Avars</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Balkans&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Balkans</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=battle&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>battle</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Boor&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Boor</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Byzantine+armies&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Byzantine armies</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Byzantine+military&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Byzantine military</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Byzantine+territory&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Byzantine territory</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Byzantium&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Byzantium</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=campaign&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>campaign</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Carthage&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Carthage</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Christian&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Christian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Chron&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Chron</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Chronicle&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Chronicle</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Chronicon+Paschale&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Chronicon Paschale</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=church&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>church</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=commanders&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>commanders</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Constantine+VII&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Constantine VII</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Constantinople&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Constantinople</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=contemporary&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>contemporary</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Cross&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Cross</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=defeat&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>defeat</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=defense&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>defense</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Doctrina+Jacobi&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Doctrina Jacobi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=east&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>east</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=ecclesiastical&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>ecclesiastical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Edessa&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Edessa</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Egypt&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Egypt</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Emperor+Heraclius&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Emperor Heraclius</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Emperor+Maurice&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Emperor Maurice</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=empire&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>empire</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Festugi%C3%A8re&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Festugi猫re</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Flusin&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Flusin</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=forces&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>forces</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=George+of+Pisidia&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>George of Pisidia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Gugerotti&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Gugerotti</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Heraclian&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Heraclian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Heraclius+Constantine&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Heraclius Constantine</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Heraclius+probably&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Heraclius probably</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Heraclius+the+Elder&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Heraclius the Elder</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Heraclius+the+Younger&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Heraclius the Younger</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Hist&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Hist</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=historian&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>historian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=holy&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>holy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=imperial&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>imperial</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=invasion&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>invasion</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Islam&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Islam</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Jerusalem&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Jerusalem</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Jews&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Jews</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=John+of+Nikiu&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>John of Nikiu</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Kaegi&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Kaegi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Khusrau&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Khusrau</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=K%C3%B6k+Turks&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>K枚k Turks</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Komentiolos&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Komentiolos</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Kyros&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Kyros</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=late&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>late</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Mango&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Mango</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Mango-Scott&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Mango-Scott</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Martina&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Martina</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Mesopotamia&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Mesopotamia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Michael+the+Syrian&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Michael the Syrian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Nikephoros&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Nikephoros</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Nineveh&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Nineveh</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=northern+Syria&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>northern Syria</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Palestine&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Palestine</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Patriarch+Sergios&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Patriarch Sergios</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Persians&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Persians</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Pertusi&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Pertusi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Philagrios&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Philagrios</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Philippikos&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Philippikos</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Phokas&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Phokas</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=PLRE&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>PLRE</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Priskos&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Priskos</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=region&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>region</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=relics&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>relics</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=religious&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>religious</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=reportedly&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>reportedly</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Roman&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Roman</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Saint+Anastase&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Saint Anastase</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Sasanian&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Sasanian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Sebeos&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Sebeos</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=seventh+century&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>seventh century</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Shahrbaraz&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Shahrbaraz</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Short+History&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Short History</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=siege&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>siege</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=soldiers&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>soldiers</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Sophronios&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Sophronios</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=sources&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>sources</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Strategikon&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Strategikon</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Syria&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Syria</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Theodore+Synkellos&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Theodore Synkellos</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Theoph&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Theoph</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Theophanes&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Theophanes</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Theophylact&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Theophylact</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Thomson&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Thomson</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=traditions&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>traditions</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=trans&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>trans</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=troops&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>troops</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=upper+Mesopotamia&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>upper Mesopotamia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=victory&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>victory</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=warfare&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>warfare</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Whitby&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Whitby</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;q=Yarmuk&amp;source=gbs_word_cloud_r&amp;cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Yarmuk</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="citations_module_anchor"></a>References to this book</h3><div id=citations_module class=about_content><div id=citations_module_v><div class="left-column-outer"><div class="left-column-inner"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-FDJi3tiUjUC&amp;source=gbs_citations_module_r&amp;cad=5" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=-FDJi3tiUjUC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;img=1&amp;zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-FDJi3tiUjUC&amp;printsec=references&amp;vq=%22Heraclius,+Emperor+of+Byzantium%22&amp;source=gbs_citations_module_r&amp;cad=5"><span dir=ltr>A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641: The Transformation of the ...</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=inauthor:%22Stephen+Mitchell%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Stephen Mitchell</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2006</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=CKAvZ0U7d7sC&amp;source=gbs_citations_module_r&amp;cad=5" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=CKAvZ0U7d7sC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;img=1&amp;zoom=5&amp;edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=CKAvZ0U7d7sC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;vq=%22Heraclius,+Emperor+of+Byzantium%22&amp;source=gbs_citations_module_r&amp;cad=5"><span dir=ltr>Belief and Bloodshed: Religion and Violence Across Time and Tradition</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>James K. Wellman</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2007</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><a class="secondary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=cites:ISBN0521814596&amp;id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;source=gbs_citations_module_r&amp;cad=5"><span dir=ltr>All Book Search results &amp;raquo;</span></a></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div> </div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="about_author_anchor"></a>About the author&nbsp;<span style="color:#666; font-weight:normal">(2003)</span></h3><div id=about_author class=about_content><div id=about_author_v><div class=textmodulecontent>Walter E. Kaegi is Professor of History, The University of Chicago. He is the author of many books, including Byzantium and the Decline of Rome (1968), Byzantine Military Unrest 471-843 (1981), Army, Society and Religion in Byzantium (1982), Some Thoughts on Byzantine Military Strategy (1983), and Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (1992, paperback 1995). </div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Author</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=inauthor:%22Walter+E.+Kaegi%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Walter E. Kaegi</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Edition</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>illustrated, reprint</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Cambridge University Press, 2003</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>0521814596, 9780521814591</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>359 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22History%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">History</span></a></div>&nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;<div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22History+Asia%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Asia</span></a></div>&nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;<div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22History+Asia+General%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">General</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22Biography+%26+Autobiography+/+General%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Biography &amp; Autobiography / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22Biography+%26+Autobiography+/+Historical%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Biography &amp; Autobiography / Historical</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22History+/+Asia+/+General%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Asia / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22History+/+Byzantine+Empire%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Byzantine Empire</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22History+/+Europe+/+General%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Europe / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22History+/+Europe+/+Medieval%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Europe / Medieval</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>History / Middle East / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22Political+Science+/+Political+Process+/+General%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Political Science / Political Process / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22Political+Science+/+Political+Process+/+Leadership%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Political Science / Political Process / Leadership</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22Social+Science+/+Islamic+Studies%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Social Science / Islamic Studies</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=subject:%22Social+Science+/+Regional+Studies%22&amp;source=gbs_metadata_r&amp;cad=7"><span dir=ltr>Social Science / Regional Studies</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td>&nbsp</td><td>&nbsp</td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Heraclius_Emperor_of_Byzantium.bibtex?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a>&nbsp;<a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Heraclius_Emperor_of_Byzantium.enw?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&amp;output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a>&nbsp;<a class="gb-button " 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