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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Device for indicating a slip or skid in an aircraft in flight</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Slip string" redirects here. For the toy usage, see <a href="/wiki/Yo-yo" title="Yo-yo">Yo-yo</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:332px;max-width:332px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:267px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glider_Instrument_Panel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Glider_Instrument_Panel.png/200px-Glider_Instrument_Panel.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Glider_Instrument_Panel.png/300px-Glider_Instrument_Panel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Glider_Instrument_Panel.png/400px-Glider_Instrument_Panel.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:267px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaw_String_operation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yaw_String_operation.jpg/124px-Yaw_String_operation.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yaw_String_operation.jpg/186px-Yaw_String_operation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yaw_String_operation.jpg/248px-Yaw_String_operation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">LEFT: A red yarn yaw string on the canopy of a <a href="/wiki/Schempp-Hirth_Janus" title="Schempp-Hirth Janus">Schempp-Hirth Janus</a>-C <a href="/wiki/Glider_(sailplane)" title="Glider (sailplane)">glider</a> as seen by the pilot in flight. The yaw string and <a href="/wiki/Slip-skid_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Slip-skid indicator">slip-skid indicator</a> ball show a slight <a href="/wiki/Slip_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slip (aircraft)">slip</a> with a positive <a href="/wiki/Sideslip_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sideslip angle">sideslip angle</a>. The pilot should apply right rudder pressure to correct. RIGHT TOP: Left turn slip should be corrected with left rudder pressure. RIGHT BOTTOM: Left turn skid should be corrected with right rudder pressure.</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FAA-8083-3A_Fig_12-16.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/FAA-8083-3A_Fig_12-16.PNG/220px-FAA-8083-3A_Fig_12-16.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="481" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/FAA-8083-3A_Fig_12-16.PNG/330px-FAA-8083-3A_Fig_12-16.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/FAA-8083-3A_Fig_12-16.PNG 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption>Diagram showing yaw string deflection on a multi-engine airplane flown incorrectly with wings level after an engine failure.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>yaw string</b>, also known as a <b>slip string</b>, is a simple device for indicating a <a href="/wiki/Slip_(aerodynamic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slip (aerodynamic)">slip</a> or <a href="/wiki/Skid_(aerodynamic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skid (aerodynamic)">skid</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> in flight. It performs the same function as the <a href="/wiki/Slip-skid_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Slip-skid indicator">slip-skid indicator</a> ball, but is more sensitive, and does not require the pilot to look down at the instrument panel.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Technically, it measures sideslip angle, not <a href="/wiki/Yaw_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaw angle">yaw angle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this indicates how the aircraft must be yawed to return the sideslip angle to zero. </p><p>It is typically constructed from a short piece or <a href="/wiki/Tuft_(aeronautics)" title="Tuft (aeronautics)">tuft</a> of yarn placed in the free air stream where it is visible to the pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In closed-cockpit aircraft, it is usually taped to the aircraft <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canopy (aircraft)">canopy</a>. It may also be mounted on the aircraft's nose, either directly on the skin, or elevated on a mast, in which case it may also be fitted with a small paper cone at the trailing end.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are commonly used on gliders, but may also be found on <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighters</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ultralight_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultralight aircraft">ultralight aircraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light-sport_aircraft" title="Light-sport aircraft">light-sport aircraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">autogyros</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Airplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Airplanes">airplanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helicopters" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicopters">helicopters</a>. Its usefulness on airplanes with a <a href="/wiki/Tractor_configuration" title="Tractor configuration">tractor configuration</a> (single <a href="/wiki/Propeller_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propeller (aircraft)">propeller</a> at the nose) is limited because the propeller creates turbulence and the <a href="/wiki/Spiral_slipstream" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiral slipstream">spiral slipstream</a> displaces the string to one side.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The yaw string is considered a primary flight reference instrument on <a href="/wiki/Glider_(sailplane)" title="Glider (sailplane)">gliders</a>, which must be flown with near zero sideslip angle to reduce <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a> as much as possible. It is valued for its high sensitivity, and the fact that it is presented in a <a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">head-up display</a>. Even the most sophisticated modern racing sailplanes are fitted with yaw strings by their pilots, who reference them constantly throughout the flight. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaw_string&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The yaw string dates from the earliest days of aviation, and actually was the first <a href="/wiki/Flight_instruments" title="Flight instruments">flight instrument</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wright_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright Brothers">Wright Brothers</a> used a yaw string on their <a href="/wiki/Wright_Glider" title="Wright Glider">1902 glider</a> tied on their front mounted elevator.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilbur Wright is credited with its invention, having applied it concurrently with the movable rudder invented by his brother Orville in October 1902,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although others may have used it before. <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Curtiss" title="Glenn Curtiss">Glenn Curtiss</a> also used it on his early airplanes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaw_string&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_030421-N-0295M-002_A_pilot_looks_through_his_Heads-Up_Display_(HUD)_as_he_checks_the_systems_of_his_F-14D_Tomcat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/US_Navy_030421-N-0295M-002_A_pilot_looks_through_his_Heads-Up_Display_%28HUD%29_as_he_checks_the_systems_of_his_F-14D_Tomcat.jpg/220px-US_Navy_030421-N-0295M-002_A_pilot_looks_through_his_Heads-Up_Display_%28HUD%29_as_he_checks_the_systems_of_his_F-14D_Tomcat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/US_Navy_030421-N-0295M-002_A_pilot_looks_through_his_Heads-Up_Display_%28HUD%29_as_he_checks_the_systems_of_his_F-14D_Tomcat.jpg/330px-US_Navy_030421-N-0295M-002_A_pilot_looks_through_his_Heads-Up_Display_%28HUD%29_as_he_checks_the_systems_of_his_F-14D_Tomcat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/US_Navy_030421-N-0295M-002_A_pilot_looks_through_his_Heads-Up_Display_%28HUD%29_as_he_checks_the_systems_of_his_F-14D_Tomcat.jpg/440px-US_Navy_030421-N-0295M-002_A_pilot_looks_through_his_Heads-Up_Display_%28HUD%29_as_he_checks_the_systems_of_his_F-14D_Tomcat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Yaw string used in front of the cockpit of an F-14D Tomcat</figcaption></figure> <p>In flight, the rule to remember is simple: step on the head of the yaw string, the head is the front of the string, where the string is taped to the canopy. If the head of the yaw string is to the right of the yaw string tail, then the pilot needs to apply right rudder pressure. If the head of the yaw string is to the left of the yaw string tail, then the pilot should apply left rudder pressure. Or think of the attached point of the yaw string as an arrow head pointing to the rudder pedal needing the application of pressure. According to <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Reichmann" title="Helmut Reichmann">Helmut Reichmann</a>, "...rudder against the string and/or aileron toward the string. In a <a href="/wiki/Spin_(aerodynamics)" title="Spin (aerodynamics)">spin</a> the string always points to the inside." To center the ball on an inclinometer, apply rudder pressure on the side to which the ball is deflected. Use the simple rule, “step on the ball,” to remember which rudder pedal to press.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hr_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_on_powered_aircraft">Use on powered aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaw_string&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use on powered aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yaw strings are also fitted to the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed U-2</a> high-altitude <a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">surveillance aircraft</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and variants of the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">Grumman F-14 Tomcat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Flat_spin_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat spin (aviation)">flat spin</a>, caused by excessive sideslip even in level flight, happens much more easily at high altitudes. Some light twin-engine airplane pilots place yaw strings on their aircraft to help maintain control in the event of an engine failure, because the <a href="/wiki/Slip-skid_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Slip-skid indicator">slip-skid indicator</a> ball is not accurate in this case.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a multiengine airplane with an inoperative engine, the centered ball is no longer the indicator of zero sideslip due to <a href="/wiki/Asymmetrical_thrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Asymmetrical thrust">asymmetrical thrust</a>. The yaw string is the only flight instrument that will directly tell the pilot the flight conditions for zero sideslip.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yaw strings are also used on some (especially smaller) helicopters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_string">Side string</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaw_string&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Side string"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seitenfaden.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Seitenfaden.PNG/220px-Seitenfaden.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Seitenfaden.PNG/330px-Seitenfaden.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Seitenfaden.PNG/440px-Seitenfaden.PNG 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>Side string</figcaption></figure> <p>A variation of the yaw string is the side string, used in gliders for a determination of the angle of attack. In this way the speed for best glide angle, the best thermalling speed and the stall speed can be observed independently of other parameters like air speed, aircraft weight, acceleration due to turning, stick movements, and gusts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Investigations of the side string and on its use in glider flight were performed by the <a href="/wiki/Akaflieg_K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Akaflieg Köln">Akaflieg Köln</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaw_string&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glider_(sailplane)" title="Glider (sailplane)">Glider (sailplane)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliding" title="Gliding">Gliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideslip_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sideslip angle">Sideslip angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(aerodynamic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slip (aerodynamic)">Slip (aerodynamic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuft_(aeronautics)" title="Tuft (aeronautics)">Tuft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell-tale_(sailing)" title="Tell-tale (sailing)">Tell-tale (sailing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_engine" title="Critical engine">Critical engine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaw_string&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReichmann1988" class="citation book cs1">Reichmann, Helmut (1988) [1975]. Lert, Peter (ed.). <i>Cross Country Soaring (Streckensegelflug)</i> (English ed.). Soaring Society of America. p. 77. LCCCN 77-86598.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross+Country+Soaring+%28Streckensegelflug%29&rft.pages=77&rft.edition=English&rft.pub=Soaring+Society+of+America&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Reichmann&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenker,_John_S.2002" class="citation web cs1">Denker, John S. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.av8n.com/how/htm/multi.html#@default1498">"See How It Flies"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-21</span></span>. <q>The slip string is commonly referred to as a "yaw string", even though it measures the slip angle, not the yaw angle (i.e. heading)....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+How+It+Flies&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Denker%2C+John+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.av8n.com%2Fhow%2Fhtm%2Fmulti.html%23%40default1498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aircraft/glider_handbook/"><i>Glider Flying Handbook</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.: U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. 2003. pp. 4–14. FAA-8083-13_GFH.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glider+Flying+Handbook&rft.place=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office%2C+Washington+D.C.&rft.pages=4-14&rft.pub=U.S.+Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Flibrary%2Fmanuals%2Faircraft%2Fglider_handbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelvidge1976" class="citation book cs1">Selvidge, Harner, S.D. (1976) [1963]. "Ch. 7 : Equipment I". In Licher, Rose Marie (ed.). <i>American Soaring Handbook</i> (2nd ed.). Soaring Society of America. pp. 30–31. LCCCN 59-15668.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+7+%3A+Equipment+I&rft.btitle=American+Soaring+Handbook&rft.pages=30-31&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Soaring+Society+of+America&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Selvidge&rft.aufirst=Harner%2C+S.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aircraft/media/faa-h-8083-21.pdf"><i>Rotorcraft Flying Handbook</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.: U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. 2000. pp. 18–4. FAA-8083-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rotorcraft+Flying+Handbook&rft.place=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office%2C+Washington+D.C.&rft.pages=18-4&rft.pub=U.S.+Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Flibrary%2Fmanuals%2Faircraft%2Fmedia%2Ffaa-h-8083-21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurt,_George" class="citation web cs1">Hurt, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.challengers101.com/YawString.html">"The Yaw String"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Yaw+String&rft.au=Hurt%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.challengers101.com%2FYawString.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright_Brothers_Aeroplane_Company_and_Museum_of_Pioneer_Aviation" class="citation web cs1">Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company and Museum of Pioneer Aviation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.first-to-fly.com/Adventure/Hangar/gliderrep.htm">"1902 Glider Replica"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-21</span></span>. <q>For all the progress that has been made in a century of aviation, the Ventur 2 still has a "yaw string" attached where the pilot can see it. As does the Wright glider. This was the first flight instrument....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1902+Glider+Replica&rft.au=Wright+Brothers+Aeroplane+Company+and+Museum+of+Pioneer+Aviation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.first-to-fly.com%2FAdventure%2FHangar%2Fgliderrep.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnauff1995" class="citation journal cs1">Knauff, Tom (Feb–Mar 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051031193648/http://www.wgc.mb.ca/sac/freeflight/95_01.pdf">"Inventing the Rudder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Free Flight</i>. <b>1995</b> (1): 26. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0827-2557">0827-2557</a>. – 2557. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wgc.mb.ca/sac/freeflight/95_01.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2005-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-01-21</span></span>. <q>[Wilbur Wright] responded, "Yes...we will install a short piece of string out front where we can see it. This string will tell us all we need to know!" (paraphrased) Wilbur had just invented the yaw string — the first aircraft instrument.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Flight&rft.atitle=Inventing+the+Rudder&rft.volume=1995&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1995-02%2F1995-03&rft.issn=0827-2557&rft.aulast=Knauff&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wgc.mb.ca%2Fsac%2Ffreeflight%2F95_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/glider_handbook/media/faa-h-8083-13a.pdf">"Glider Flying Handbook, FAA-H-8083-13A"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of Transportation, FAA. 2013. pp. 4–16, 4–17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glider+Flying+Handbook%2C+FAA-H-8083-13A&rft.pages=4-16%2C+4-17&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Transportation%2C+FAA&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fregulations_policies%2Fhandbooks_manuals%2Faircraft%2Fglider_handbook%2Fmedia%2Ffaa-h-8083-13a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/phak/media/10_phak_ch8.pdf">"Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of Transportation. 2016. pp. 8–18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pilot%27s+Handbook+of+Aeronautical+Knowledge%2C+FAA-H-8083-25B&rft.pages=8-18&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fregulations_policies%2Fhandbooks_manuals%2Faviation%2Fphak%2Fmedia%2F10_phak_ch8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenenson2000" class="citation web cs1">Benenson, Tom (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=50Hb0-4e5qUC&dq=yaw+string+tail+head+arrow&pg=PA103">"Thermals, Towlines & Tangents"</a>. Flying Magazine. p. 103<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thermals%2C+Towlines+%26+Tangents&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Flying+Magazine&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Benenson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D50Hb0-4e5qUC%26dq%3Dyaw%2Bstring%2Btail%2Bhead%2Barrow%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/helicopter_flying_handbook/media/hfh_ch09.pdf">"Helicopter Flying Handbook, FAA-H-8083-21B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of Transportation, FAA. 2019. pp. 9–3, 9–4, 9–5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helicopter+Flying+Handbook%2C+FAA-H-8083-21B&rft.pages=9-3%2C+9-4%2C+9-5&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Transportation%2C+FAA&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fregulations_policies%2Fhandbooks_manuals%2Faviation%2Fhelicopter_flying_handbook%2Fmedia%2Fhfh_ch09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hr-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hr_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichmann1993" class="citation book cs1">Reichmann, Helmut (1993). <i>Cross-Country Soaring, A Handbook for Performance and Competition Soaring</i>. Iceland: Soaring Society of America, Inc. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1883813018" title="Special:BookSources/1883813018"><bdi>1883813018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross-Country+Soaring%2C+A+Handbook+for+Performance+and+Competition+Soaring&rft.place=Iceland&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Soaring+Society+of+America%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1883813018&rft.aulast=Reichmann&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiff,_Barry2006" class="citation web cs1">Schiff, Barry (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barryschiff.com/high_flight.htm">"High Flight"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-21</span></span>. <q>A yaw string (like those used on sailplanes) above each canopy silently admonishes those who allow the aircraft to slip or skid when maneuvering.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+Flight&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Schiff%2C+Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barryschiff.com%2Fhigh_flight.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anft.net/f-14/f14-detail-sensorprobe.htm">"HOME OF M.A.T.S. - the most comprehensive Grumman F-14 Reference Work - by Torsten Anft!"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HOME+OF+M.A.T.S.+-+the+most+comprehensive+Grumman+F-14+Reference+Work+-+by+Torsten+Anft%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anft.net%2Ff-14%2Ff14-detail-sensorprobe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_A._Craig2004" class="citation book cs1">Paul A. Craig (2004). <i>Multiengine flying</i>. New York: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-142139-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-142139-4"><bdi>0-07-142139-4</bdi></a>. <q>You will see that with the wings level the yaw string does not lay along the centerline, yet the ball is in the center...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multiengine+flying&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-07-142139-4&rft.au=Paul+A.+Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aircraft/airplane_handbook/"><i>Airplane Flying Handbook</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.: U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. 2004. pp. 12–23. FAA-8083-3A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Airplane+Flying+Handbook&rft.place=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office%2C+Washington+D.C.&rft.pages=12-23&rft.pub=U.S.+Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Flibrary%2Fmanuals%2Faircraft%2Fairplane_handbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dg-flugzeugbau.de/index.php?id=seitenfaden-e">Use of the side string, DG Flugzeugbau</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akaflieg-koeln.de/news/newsdetails/alles-haengt-am-seit-den-enfaden-neue-version/">Use of the side string (German), Akaflieg Köln</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/"><i>Instrument Flying Handbook</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Instrument+Flying+Handbook&rft.pub=United+States+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Flibrary%2Fmanuals%2Faviation%2Finstrument_flying_handbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYaw+string" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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<li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_indicator" title="Airspeed indicator">Airspeed indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machmeter" title="Machmeter">Machmeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variometer" title="Variometer">Variometer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">Gyroscopic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attitude_indicator" title="Attitude indicator">Attitude indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heading_indicator" title="Heading indicator">Heading indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_situation_indicator" title="Horizontal situation indicator">Horizontal situation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_and_slip_indicator" title="Turn and slip indicator">Turn and slip indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_coordinator" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn coordinator">Turn coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn indicator">Turn indicator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navigational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_periscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft periscope">Aircraft periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Course_deviation_indicator" title="Course deviation indicator">Course deviation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_situation_indicator" title="Horizontal situation indicator">Horizontal situation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system" title="Inertial navigation system">Inertial navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Magnetic compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">Satellite navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Integrated_GPS/INS" title="Space Integrated GPS/INS">SIGI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_data_inertial_reference_unit" title="Air data inertial reference unit">Air data inertial reference unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_centralised_aircraft_monitor" title="Electronic centralised aircraft monitor">ECAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_flight_instrument_system" title="Electronic flight instrument system">EFIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">Glass cockpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_standby_instrument_system" title="Integrated standby instrument system">Integrated standby instrument system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_flight_display" title="Primary flight display">Primary flight display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_speeds" title="V speeds">V speeds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaw string</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaw_string&oldid=1240308139">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaw_string&oldid=1240308139</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_instruments" title="Category:Aircraft 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