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Histoire </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="FANTASY, La fantasy dans le système des genres littéraires" href="/encyclopedie/fantasy/2-la-fantasy-dans-le-systeme-des-genres-litteraires/"> 2. La fantasy dans le système des genres littéraires </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="FANTASY, Des expressions médiatiques variées" href="/encyclopedie/fantasy/3-des-expressions-mediatiques-variees/"> 3. Des expressions médiatiques variées </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="FANTASY, Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/fantasy/4-bibliographie/"> 4. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>FANTASY</strong> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content paged type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC120030_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC120030_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH130164" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Conan le Barbare</it>, de John Milius (1982)" href="/media/conan-le-barbare-de-john-milius-1982-ph130164/"><img id="PH130164" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/4/csm_ph130164_61410e08b4.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Conan le Barbare</it>, de John Milius (1982) - crédits : Dino De Laurentiis/ Universal Pictures/ Sunset Boulevard/ Corbis/ Getty Images" data-description="Le film Conan le Barbare, de John Milius, avec Arnold Schwarzenegger dans le rôle-titre, est inspiré des récits de Robert E. Howard. Il a contribué à populariser le genre de la fantasy." data-copyright="Dino De Laurentiis/ Universal Pictures/ Sunset Boulevard/ Corbis/ Getty Images" width="680" height="1024" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"><it>Conan le Barbare</it>, de John Milius (1982) </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Dino De Laurentiis/ Universal Pictures/ Sunset Boulevard/ Corbis/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div><p>La <em>fantasy</em> est un genre fictionnel aux expressions plurimédiatiques et très diversifiées : prenant le contre-pied de la modernité industrielle, elle fait régner le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Étymologiquement, le merveilleux est un effet littéraire provoquant chez le lecteur (ou le spectateur) une impression mêlée de surprise et d'admiration. Dans la pratique, on ne peut pas en rester là. La rhétorique classique limitait le merveilleux à l'intervention du surnaturel dans le récit et le décrivait comme un ensemble de procédés, ce qui a contribué à le rejeter hors ..." title="Article : MERVEILLEUX" href="/encyclopedie/merveilleux/">merveilleux</a> dans des cadres imaginaires, passés ou actuels, à destination d'un large public. Le genre s'est imposé dans notre pays, au tournant des années 2000, sous son nom anglais d'origine. L'énorme succès qu'a connu le cycle des <em>Harry Potter </em>de J. K. Rowling et celui des films adaptés du <em>Seigneur des anneaux</em> de J. R. R. Tolkien par Peter Jackson ont imposé le vocable. Auparavant appelée <em>heroic fantasy</em>, du nom d'un de ses sous-ensembles, ce genre était connu à travers des prismes fortement déformants : Conan le Barbare incarné par Arnold Schwarzenegger ou encore le jeu de rôle <em>Donjons et Dragons</em>. La fantasy est pourtant un genre noble et puissant à plus d'un titre ; héritière d'une filiation millénaire qui la rattache aux plus anciennes traditions du merveilleux, porteuse de valeurs morales et habitée par le sens du sacré, elle a inspiré des œuvres importantes dès la fin du <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC120030_1"><i class="anchor" id="yC120030_1"></i><h2>Histoire</h2><div class="block_2" data-ucode="yC120030_1_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC120030_1_0"></i><h3>Enfants et adultes</h3><p>Dès ses origines, dans l' Angleterre victorienne de la seconde moitié du <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, la fantasy se développe parallèlement en direction d'un double public, enfants et adultes. Le genre poursuit ainsi la tradition d'un rapport privilégié entre la littérature du merveilleux et le jeune public, en lui ouvrant l'accès à d'autres mondes, où la magie multiplie les possibles : « Wonderland » de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de LEWIS CARROLL (1832-1898). L'œuvre de Lewis Carroll fait problème : écrite d'abord pour des enfants, c'est chez les adultes qu'elle connaît à l'heure actuelle le plus grand succès ; insérée dans le courant qui, à l' époque victorienne , a transformé la littérature enfantine, c'est au milieu du xx e siècle qu'on a pris la mesure de son caractère d' avant-garde d..." title="Article : LEWIS CARROLL (1832-1898)" href="/encyclopedie/lewis-carroll/">Lewis Carroll</a> (<em>Alice au pays des merveilles</em>, 1865), « Marvelous Land of Oz » de Franck L. Baum (titre du second volume de la série, commencée en 1900 avec <em>Le Magicien d'Oz</em>), « Neverland » du <em>Peter Pan</em> de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de JAMES BARRIE (1860-1937). Auteur de pièces de théâtre et de romans, James Barrie, né le 9 mai 1860 en Écosse à Kirriemuir, est surtout connu pour avoir créé le personnage de Peter Pan, le garçon qui ne voulait pas grandir.. Fils d'un tisserand, il ne s'était jamais remis de la mort d'un de ses frères, survenue alors qu'il avait six ans, et de l'effet catastrophique que ce..." title="Article : JAMES BARRIE (1860-1937)" href="/encyclopedie/james-barrie/">James Barrie</a> (1904 pour la première version théâtrale). On a ici autant de lieux rêvés, restés célèbres par les nombreuses adaptations, notamment au cinéma, qui les ont fait connaître. Plus familières aux jeunes anglophones, l'œuvre d'Edith Nesbit, <em>The Story of the Amulet</em> (1905), mérite également d'être mentionnée ainsi que le tendre bestiaire du <em>Vent dans les saules </em>de Kenneth Grahame (1908).</p><p>Des écrivains ont également cherché à utiliser les séductions de l'imaginaire pour transmettre un message spirituel. C'est le cas de Charles Kingsley (<em>Waterbabies</em>, 1863) ou de George McDonald (<em>At the Back of the North Wind</em>, 1871), qui écrit aussi pour les adultes (<em>Lilith</em>, 1895). Cette tradition se retrouve dans les œuvres majeures du genre en Angleterre, celles de J. R. R. Tolkien et de C. S. Lewis, qui furent collègues à Oxford et un temps proches amis : l'un catholique, l'autre protestant, tous deux voient dans le mythe une expression éternelle de la croyance et le moyen de la faire éprouver, plus ou moins directement, aux enfants (<em>Bilbo le Hobbit</em> de Tolkien, 1937 ; <em>Narnia </em>de Lewis, 1950-1956) comme aux plus grands (<em>Le Seigneur des anneaux</em>, 1954-1955 ; <em>Till We Have Faces</em>, 1956).</p><p>La fantasy se développe donc aussi à destination d'un public adulte. Elle emprunte alors davantage aux réécritures mythiques et aux motifs de la littérature médiévale, romanesque arthurien ou genre épique. Les auteurs en reprennent à leur compte la grandeur des héros et des enjeux, la dimension de sacré immanent et souvent le cadre pré-technologique, où la magie remplace la science. Il s'agit de construire là encore des « mondes secondaires », reliés ou non au nôtre, en proposant des alternatives plus ou moins reculées dans le passé. <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de WILLIAM MORRIS (1834-1896). Tout à tour dessinateur, poète, romancier, traducteur, peintre, théoricien, et finalement acteur notable du mouvement socialiste anglais, William Morris fonda le mouvement Arts and Crafts en Angleterre grâce à ses créations dans divers arts décoratifs (mobilier, textile, vitrail, papier peint), bouleversant l'esthétique de l' époque victori..." title="Article : WILLIAM MORRIS (1834-1896)" href="/encyclopedie/william-morris/">William Morris</a>, talentueux artiste à l'impressionnante polyvalence, grand représentant du <em>revival </em>médiéval à la fin du <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle anglais, fut également un romancier influent pour la fantasy. Il est l'auteur, à partir de <em>The Story of the Glittering Plains</em> en 1890, d'une série de courts parcours initiatiques et poétiques<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="C120030_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="BESSON, Anne"><a title="Auteur : Anne BESSON" rel="author" href="/auteurs/anne-besson/"><strong>Anne BESSON</strong></a> : docteure en littérature générale et comparée, maître de conférences à l'université d'Artois, UFR Lettres et arts </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : FANTASY" href="/carte-mentale/fantasy/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yC120030_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Littératures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Littératures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Genres littéraires" href="/classification/litteratures/genres-litteraires/"> Genres littéraires </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Fantasy, littérature"> <a title="Classification : Fantasy, littérature" href="/classification/litteratures/genres-litteraires/fantasy-litterature/"> Fantasy, littérature </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yC120030_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Médias</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH130164" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Conan le Barbare</it>, de John Milius (1982)" href="/media/conan-le-barbare-de-john-milius-1982-ph130164/"> <img id="PH130164" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/4/csm_ph130164_61410e08b4.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Conan le Barbare</it>, de John Milius (1982) - crédits : Dino De Laurentiis/ Universal Pictures/ Sunset Boulevard/ Corbis/ Getty Images" data-description="Le film Conan le Barbare, de John Milius, avec Arnold Schwarzenegger dans le rôle-titre, est inspiré des récits de Robert E. Howard. Il a contribué à populariser le genre de la fantasy." data-copyright="Dino De Laurentiis/ Universal Pictures/ Sunset Boulevard/ Corbis/ Getty Images" width="680" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>Conan le Barbare</it>, de John Milius (1982) </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Dino De Laurentiis/ Universal Pictures/ Sunset Boulevard/ Corbis/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH130175" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Fantasy et jeux de rôle: Donjons et Dragons" href="/media/fantasy-et-jeux-de-role-donjons-et-dragons-ph130175/"> <img id="PH130175" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/b/csm_ph130175_06973ee7c5.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Fantasy et jeux de rôle: Donjons et Dragons - crédits : Wizards of the Coast Inc.2008" data-description="La première édition de Donjons et Dragons, jeu de rôle créé par Gary Gygax et Dave Arneson, date de 1974. Ce jeu a largement contribué à donner une réalité plus forte à l'univers de la fantasy. Ici, la couverture de la quatrième édition (2008). " data-copyright="Wizards of the Coast Inc.2008" width="582" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Fantasy et jeux de rôle: Donjons et Dragons </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Wizards of the Coast Inc.2008 </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH130176" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Fantasy et bande dessinée: Chroniques de la Lune noire" href="/media/fantasy-et-bande-dessinee-chroniques-de-la-lune-noire-ph130176/"> <img id="PH130176" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/1/csm_ph130176_37be746097.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Fantasy et bande dessinée: Chroniques de la Lune noire - crédits : Pontet, Froideval/ Editions Dargaud, 2012" data-description="Sur un scénario de Froideval, les Chroniques de la Lune noire relatent les aventures de Wismerhill, héros aux origines incertaines. Ici la couverture du volume 12, La Porte des Enfers (2005, dessins de Cyril Pontet)." data-copyright="Pontet, Froideval/ Editions Dargaud, 2012" width="600" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Fantasy et bande dessinée: Chroniques de la Lune noire </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Pontet, Froideval/ Editions Dargaud, 2012 </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yC120030_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/cycle-arthurien-dans-la-fantasy/"> <span class="rg">CYCLE ARTHURIEN DANS LA FANTASY</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Anne BESSON</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 463 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Les aventures du roi Arthur et de ses chevaliers constituent un important champ d'expression du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Étymologiquement, le merveilleux est un effet littéraire provoquant chez le lecteur (ou le spectateur) une impression mêlée de surprise et d'admiration. Dans la pratique, on ne peut pas en rester là. La rhétorique classique limitait le merveilleux à l'intervention du surnaturel dans le récit et le décrivait comme un ensemble de procédés, ce qui a contribué à le rejeter hors ..." title="Article : MERVEILLEUX" href="/encyclopedie/merveilleux/">merveilleux</a> littéraire et iconographique. Elles forment, à côté des mythes et des <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Les Contes d'Andersen (1805-1875) sont le type même de l'œuvre universelle : il s'agit de l'un des ouvrages les plus lus au monde, et il faut gager que l'on n'est pas près d'en percer le secret. Andersen, écrivain danois sorti du plus bas peuple mais bénéficiaire d'un destin exceptionnel, se voulait avant tout romancier et dramaturge. C'est presque par hasard qu'il se risquera, en 1835, �..." title="Article : CONTES" href="/encyclopedie/contes-hans-christian-andersen/">contes</a>, une des sources principales de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La fantasy est un genre fictionnel aux expressions plurimédiatiques et très diversifiées : prenant le contre-pied de la modernité industrielle, elle fait régner le merveilleux dans des cadres imaginaires, passés ou actuels, à destination d'un large public. Le genre s'est imposé dans notre pays, au tournant des années 2000, sous son nom anglais d'origine. L'énorme succès qu'a c..." title="Article : FANTASY" href="/encyclopedie/fantasy/">fantasy</a>, ce genre né à la fin du <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle d'un besoin de réenchantement...</p> </div> </li> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/lloyd-alexander/"> <span class="rg">ALEXANDER </span><span class="pc">LLOYD </span><span class="rm">(1924-2007)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">507 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Nourri aux sources de la mythologie et des romans arthuriens, l'écrivain américain Lloyd Alexander transporta ses lecteurs dans un univers de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La fantasy est un genre fictionnel aux expressions plurimédiatiques et très diversifiées : prenant le contre-pied de la modernité industrielle, elle fait régner le merveilleux dans des cadres imaginaires, passés ou actuels, à destination d'un large public. Le genre s'est imposé dans notre pays, au tournant des années 2000, sous son nom anglais d'origine. L'énorme succès qu'a c..." title="Article : FANTASY" href="/encyclopedie/fantasy/">fantasy</a> avec cinq romans regroupés sous le titre de <em>Prydain Chronicles</em> (<em>Chroniques de Prydain</em>). La série débute avec <em>The Book of Three</em> (1964, <em>Le Livre...</em></p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/poul-anderson/"> <span class="rg">ANDERSON </span><span class="pc">POUL </span><span class="rm">(1926-2001)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">356 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Écrivain américain de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'« effet science-fiction » commence au niveau de la phrase. Ainsi Michel Jeury , dans Les Enfants de Mord (1979), fait dire à l'un de ses personnages : « Vous devez savoir que Louis Catalina n'est pas mort. Enfin, il n'est plus mort. » Un autre ajoute un peu plus loin : « J'espère qu'il restera mort un bon bout de temps ! ». Puis, c'est Catalina qui prend la parole : « Je ..." title="Article : SCIENCE-FICTION" href="/encyclopedie/science-fiction/">science-fiction</a> et de <em>fantasy</em> né le 25 novembre 1926 à Bristol (Pennsylvanie), mort le 31 juillet <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Dans les années 1960, marquées par la guerre froide, deux grands thèmes hantent le monde occidental : le risque d'une apocalypse nucléaire, objet d'innombrables films, et la conquête spatiale, sous la forme d'une compétition entre Russes et Américains – compétition à laquelle met fin l'alunissage, en 1969, de la capsule Apollo-11. Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999) avait traité le premier..." title="Article : 2001, L'ODYSSÉE DE L'ESPACE" href="/encyclopedie/2001-l-odyssee-de-l-espace/">2001</a> à Orinda (Californie).</p><p>Poul William Anderson publie son premier récit de science-fiction alors qu'il est étudiant à l'université du Minnesota. Après avoir obtenu d'un...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/bande-dessinee/#c36533"> <span class="rg">BANDE DESSINÉE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Dominique PETITFAUX</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">22 929 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">16 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Le genre de l’heroic <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La fantasy est un genre fictionnel aux expressions plurimédiatiques et très diversifiées : prenant le contre-pied de la modernité industrielle, elle fait régner le merveilleux dans des cadres imaginaires, passés ou actuels, à destination d'un large public. Le genre s'est imposé dans notre pays, au tournant des années 2000, sous son nom anglais d'origine. L'énorme succès qu'a c..." title="Article : FANTASY" href="/encyclopedie/fantasy/">fantasy</a> se développe à partir du succès en 1982 de <em>La Quête de l’oiseau du temps</em>, du dessinateur Régis Loisel et du scénariste Serge Le Tendre. </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/frank-frazetta/"> <span class="rg">FRAZETTA </span><span class="pc">FRANK </span><span class="rm">(1928-2010)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">340 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Le dessinateur américain Frank Frazetta a peuplé de guerriers sinistres, de jeunes filles court-vêtues et de paysages d'un autre monde les couvertures d'innombrables romans de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'« effet science-fiction » commence au niveau de la phrase. Ainsi Michel Jeury , dans Les Enfants de Mord (1979), fait dire à l'un de ses personnages : « Vous devez savoir que Louis Catalina n'est pas mort. Enfin, il n'est plus mort. » Un autre ajoute un peu plus loin : « J'espère qu'il restera mort un bon bout de temps ! ». Puis, c'est Catalina qui prend la parole : « Je ..." title="Article : SCIENCE-FICTION" href="/encyclopedie/science-fiction/">science-fiction</a> et de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La fantasy est un genre fictionnel aux expressions plurimédiatiques et très diversifiées : prenant le contre-pied de la modernité industrielle, elle fait régner le merveilleux dans des cadres imaginaires, passés ou actuels, à destination d'un large public. Le genre s'est imposé dans notre pays, au tournant des années 2000, sous son nom anglais d'origine. L'énorme succès qu'a c..." title="Article : FANTASY" href="/encyclopedie/fantasy/">fantasy</a>.</p><p>Né en 1928 dans le quartier new-yorkais de Brooklyn, après des études à l'école...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-unstyled text-center mt-3"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" title="Afficher la liste complète des références" rel="related" href="/index/fantasy/"> Afficher les 19 références <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yC120030_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CINÉMA D'ANIMATION" href="/index/cinema-d-animation/"> <span class="rg">CINÉMA D'ANIMATION</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AMÉRICAINE LITTÉRATURE" href="/index/litterature-americaine/"> <span class="rg">AMÉRICAINE </span><span class="pc">LITTÉRATURE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : FANTASTIQUE LITTÉRATURE" href="/index/litterature-fantastique/"> <span class="rg">FANTASTIQUE </span><span class="pc">LITTÉRATURE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : MYTHE, littérature" href="/index/mythe-litterature/"> <span class="rg">MYTHE, </span><em class="it">littérature</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ANGLAISE LITTÉRATURE, époque victorienne" href="/index/litterature-anglaise-epoque-victorienne/"> <span class="rg">ANGLAISE </span><span class="pc">LITTÉRATURE, </span><em class="it">époque victorienne</em> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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