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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Simple, inexpensive film camera</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diana_camera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Diana_camera.jpg/220px-Diana_camera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Diana_camera.jpg/330px-Diana_camera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Diana_camera.jpg/440px-Diana_camera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>The original <a href="/wiki/Diana_(camera)" title="Diana (camera)">Diana</a> camera was made in Hong Kong in the 1960s and 1970s. The Diana+ and Diana F+ copies are currently produced by <a href="/wiki/Lomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Lomography">Lomography</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holga1551.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Holga1551.jpg/220px-Holga1551.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Holga1551.jpg/330px-Holga1551.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Holga1551.jpg/440px-Holga1551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Hong Kong's <a href="/wiki/Holga" title="Holga">Holga</a> camera takes <a href="/wiki/Medium_format_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium format (film)">medium format</a> photographs on <a href="/wiki/120_film" title="120 film">120 film</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swanson_tennis_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Swanson_tennis_center.jpg/220px-Swanson_tennis_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Swanson_tennis_center.jpg/330px-Swanson_tennis_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Swanson_tennis_center.jpg/440px-Swanson_tennis_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>A photograph taken with a Holga.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Da_Ci%27en_Temple,_Xi%27an,_China,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Da_Ci%27en_Temple%2C_Xi%27an%2C_China%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Da_Ci%27en_Temple%2C_Xi%27an%2C_China%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Da_Ci%27en_Temple%2C_Xi%27an%2C_China%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Da_Ci%27en_Temple%2C_Xi%27an%2C_China%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Da_Ci%27en_Temple%2C_Xi%27an%2C_China%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Da_Ci%27en_Temple%2C_Xi%27an%2C_China%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2065" /></a><figcaption> A photograph (Da Ci'en Temple, <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, China) taken with an original Diana camera. Evident is the typical <a href="/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">vignetting</a> and blurring inherent in a Diana image.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>toy camera</b> is a simple, inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">film</a> camera. </p><p>Despite the name, toy cameras are fully functional and capable of taking photographs, though with <a href="/wiki/Optical_aberration" title="Optical aberration">optical aberrations</a> due to the limitations of their simple <a href="/wiki/Lens" title="Lens">lenses</a>. From the 1990s onward, there has been interest in the artistic use of such cameras or recreation of this style, both with cameras originally designed for children, and others originally intended as mass-market consumer cameras. </p><p>Many professional photographers have used toy cameras and exploited the <a href="/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">vignetting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Focus_(optics)" title="Focus (optics)">blur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_leak" title="Light leak">light leaks</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Distortion_(optics)" title="Distortion (optics)">distortions</a> of their inexpensive lenses for artistic effect to take award-winning pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toy camera photography has been widely exhibited at many popular art shows, such as the annual "Krappy Kamera" show at the Soho Photo Gallery in the <a href="/wiki/Tribeca" title="Tribeca">Tribeca</a> neighborhood of New York City. Various publications such as <i>Popular Photography</i> magazine have extolled the virtues of the <a href="/wiki/Diana_(camera)" title="Diana (camera)">Diana</a> camera in its own right as an "art" producing image maker. Several books have also featured the work of toy cameras such as The Friends of Photography's <i>The Diana Show,</i> <i>Iowa</i> by <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Rexroth" title="Nancy Rexroth">Nancy Rexroth</a>, and <i>Angels at the Arno</i> by Eric Lindbloom. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lomography">Lomography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Lomography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lomography is a photographic style which involves taking spontaneous photographs with minimal attention to technical details. Lomographic images often exploit the unpredictable, non-standard optical traits of toy cameras (such as light leaks and irregular lens alignment), and non-standard film processing techniques for aesthetic effect.<sup id="cite_ref-thedarkroom_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thedarkroom-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blenford_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar-looking techniques with digital photography, often involving "lomo" image filters in post-processing, may also be considered Lomographic.<sup id="cite_ref-Watterson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watterson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While cheap plastic toy cameras using film were and are produced by multiple manufacturers, Lomography is named after the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia#Soviet_Union_(1922–1991)" title="History of Russia">Soviet-era</a> cameras produced by the <a href="/wiki/Leningradskoye_Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye_Obyedinenie" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningradskoye Optiko-Mekhanicheskoye Obyedinenie"><b>L</b>eningradskoye <b>O</b>ptiko-<b>M</b>ekhanicheskoye <b>O</b>byedinenie</a> (LOMO). </p><p>Lomography has been a highly social pursuit since 1992, with local and international events organised by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lomography.com/">The Lomographic Society International</a> (Lomography, a commercial company selling analogue cameras, films and accessories).<sup id="cite_ref-Blenford_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company continues to promote the Lomographic style; however, it is not necessary to use the company's products to take Lomographic photos.<sup id="cite_ref-Watterson_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watterson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Lomography" is claimed as a commercial trademark by The Lomographic Society International, associated with a photographic image style and a <a href="/wiki/Film_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Film camera">film camera</a> movement and international Lomography Community. However, it has become a <a href="/wiki/Genericised_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericised trademark">genericised trademark</a>; most <a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">camera phone</a> photo editor <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">apps</a> include a "lomo" <a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">filter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Watterson_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watterson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lomography name is inspired by the formerly <a href="/wiki/State_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="State enterprise">state-run</a> optics manufacturer, <a href="/wiki/LOMO" title="LOMO">LOMO</a> PLC of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> that created and produced the 35 mm <a href="/wiki/LOMO_LC-A" class="mw-redirect" title="LOMO LC-A">LOMO LC-A</a> Compact Automat camera, now central to Lomography. This camera was loosely based upon the <a href="/wiki/Cosina" title="Cosina">Cosina</a> CX-1 introduced in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LOMO LC-A produces "unique, colorful, and sometimes blurry" images.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lomo-lca_sample.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lomo-lca_sample.png/220px-Lomo-lca_sample.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lomo-lca_sample.png/330px-Lomo-lca_sample.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lomo-lca_sample.png/440px-Lomo-lca_sample.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Sample shot from a LOMO LC-A</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lomographic Society International was founded in 1992 by a group of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Viennese</a> students interested in the LC-A, a camera created by LOMO PLC of Saint Petersburg, Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastcompany-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lomography started as an art movement through which the students put on exhibitions of photos; the art movement then developed into the Lomographische AG, a commercial enterprise.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lomography_2">Lomography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lomography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lomography is a commercial company headquartered in Vienna, Austria, which sells cameras, accessories, and film.<sup id="cite_ref-Blenford_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lomography signed an exclusive distribution agreement with LOMO PLC in 1995 — becoming the sole distributor of all LOMO LC-A cameras outside of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new company reached an agreement with the deputy mayor of St Petersburg, the future Russian Prime Minister and President, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, to receive a <a href="/wiki/Tax_break" title="Tax break">tax break</a> in order to keep the LOMO factory in the city open.<sup id="cite_ref-Blenford_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the introduction of the original LOMO LC-A, Lomography has produced a line of their own film cameras. In 2005, production of the original LOMO LC-A was discontinued. Its replacement, the LOMO LC-A+, was introduced in 2006. The new camera, made in China rather than Russia, featured the original Russian lens manufactured by LOMO PLC.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This changed as of mid-2007 with the lens now made in China as well. In 2012 the LC-A+ camera was re-released as a special edition.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It costs ten times the original secondhand value of the old LOMO LC-A.<sup id="cite_ref-Blenford_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lomographic Society International (Lomography) has moved on to produce their own range of analogue cameras, films and accessories. Lomography has also released products catered to digital devices, such as the Smartphone Film Scanner;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several lenses such as the Daguerreotype Achromat lens collection<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for analogue and digital SLR cameras with <a href="/wiki/Canon_EF_lens_mount" title="Canon EF lens mount">Canon EF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikon_F-mount" title="Nikon F-mount">Nikon F</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pentax_K-mount" title="Pentax K-mount">Pentax K</a> mounts, inspired by 19th century <a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a> photography. In 2013, together with Zenit, Lomography produced a new version of the Petzval Lens designed to work with Canon EF and Nikon F mount SLR cameras. </p><p>Some have questioned the pricing of Lomography's plastic "toy" cameras,<sup id="cite_ref-petapixel_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petapixel-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which run from $100<sup id="cite_ref-petapixel_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petapixel-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to $400 US.<sup id="cite_ref-Blenford_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Models">Models</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diana_Mini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Diana_Mini.jpg/220px-Diana_Mini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Diana_Mini.jpg/330px-Diana_Mini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Diana_Mini.jpg/440px-Diana_Mini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A Diana Mini</figcaption></figure> <p>Cameras that have been marketed by Lomography: </p> <ul><li>LOMO LC-A+<sup id="cite_ref-Blenford_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>LC-A 120<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lomo LC-Wide</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Diana camera">Diana</a> F+<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastcompany-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diana Mini – a 35 mm version of the Diana F+</li> <li>Diana Baby - a 110 format version of the Diana F+</li> <li>Diana Multi Pinhole Operator</li> <li>Diana Instant Square</li> <li>Spinner 360° - a 360° panoramic camera</li> <li>Sprocket Rocket</li> <li>ActionSampler - a four-lensed miniature 35 mm camera</li> <li>Pop-9</li> <li>Oktomat</li> <li>Fisheye One</li> <li>Fisheye No.2</li> <li>Fisheye Baby - a 110 format version of the Fisheye No.2</li> <li>Colorsplash</li> <li>Colorsplash Flash</li> <li>SuperSampler</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lomography_%22La_Sardina%22_toy_camera_with_flash_unit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lomography_%22La_Sardina%22_toy_camera_with_flash_unit.jpg/220px-Lomography_%22La_Sardina%22_toy_camera_with_flash_unit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lomography_%22La_Sardina%22_toy_camera_with_flash_unit.jpg/330px-Lomography_%22La_Sardina%22_toy_camera_with_flash_unit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lomography_%22La_Sardina%22_toy_camera_with_flash_unit.jpg/440px-Lomography_%22La_Sardina%22_toy_camera_with_flash_unit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2581" data-file-height="1856" /></a><figcaption>A white La Sardina camera with compatible Fritz the Blitz flash that screws in to the side of the camera</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>La Sardina</li></ul> <ul><li>Fritz the Blitz Flash</li> <li>LomoKino – a 35 mm analog movie camera</li> <li>Konstruktor – a build-it-yourself 35 mm SLR camera</li> <li>HydroChrome Sutton's Panoramic Belair Camera</li> <li>LomoMod No.1 – a flat-packed DIY cardboard medium format camera</li> <li>LomoApparat</li> <li>Lomo'Instant</li> <li>Lomo'Instant Automat</li> <li>Lomo'Instant Automat Glass</li> <li>Lomo'Instant Wide</li> <li>Lomomatic 110<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – a new 110 format camera with a glass lens</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Film">Film</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company produces <a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">35 mm</a>, <a href="/wiki/120_film" title="120 film">120</a> and <a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">110 film</a> in color negative, <a href="/wiki/Black_and_White_Photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Black and White Photography">black and white</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">redscale</a>. Lomography also produces its own range of experimental color-shifting film called LomoChrome.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photo_gallery">Photo gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Photo gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fisheye2_0709.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Fisheye 2 with a fisheye viewfinder"><img alt="A Fisheye 2 with a fisheye viewfinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fisheye2_0709.jpg/120px-Fisheye2_0709.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fisheye2_0709.jpg/180px-Fisheye2_0709.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fisheye2_0709.jpg/240px-Fisheye2_0709.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1878" data-file-height="1405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Fisheye 2 with a fisheye viewfinder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_Aparat_%C5%81omo_%C5%81K-A_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1988 LOMO LC-A camera"><img alt="A 1988 LOMO LC-A camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2023_Aparat_%C5%81omo_%C5%81K-A_%283%29.jpg/120px-2023_Aparat_%C5%81omo_%C5%81K-A_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2023_Aparat_%C5%81omo_%C5%81K-A_%283%29.jpg/180px-2023_Aparat_%C5%81omo_%C5%81K-A_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2023_Aparat_%C5%81omo_%C5%81K-A_%283%29.jpg/240px-2023_Aparat_%C5%81omo_%C5%81K-A_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4620" data-file-height="3382" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1988 LOMO LC-A camera</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wakayama-jo-Lomo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisheye-lens photo of Wakayama Castle"><img alt="Fisheye-lens photo of Wakayama Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wakayama-jo-Lomo.jpg/120px-Wakayama-jo-Lomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wakayama-jo-Lomo.jpg/180px-Wakayama-jo-Lomo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wakayama-jo-Lomo.jpg/240px-Wakayama-jo-Lomo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1487" data-file-height="1041" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fisheye-lens photo of <a href="/wiki/Wakayama,_Wakayama" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakayama, Wakayama">Wakayama Castle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lomography_Supersampler_(5237253103).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lomography Supersampler"><img alt="Lomography Supersampler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lomography_Supersampler_%285237253103%29.jpg/120px-Lomography_Supersampler_%285237253103%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lomography_Supersampler_%285237253103%29.jpg/180px-Lomography_Supersampler_%285237253103%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lomography_Supersampler_%285237253103%29.jpg/240px-Lomography_Supersampler_%285237253103%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lomography Supersampler</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_Lomography_ActionSampler_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lomography Action Sampler"><img alt="Lomography Action Sampler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2023_Lomography_ActionSampler_%281%29.jpg/120px-2023_Lomography_ActionSampler_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2023_Lomography_ActionSampler_%281%29.jpg/180px-2023_Lomography_ActionSampler_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2023_Lomography_ActionSampler_%281%29.jpg/240px-2023_Lomography_ActionSampler_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4404" data-file-height="3324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lomography Action Sampler</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lomography_Oktomat_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Photo taken with a Lomography Oktomat with 8 sequentially-firing shutters"><img alt="Photo taken with a Lomography Oktomat with 8 sequentially-firing shutters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lomography_Oktomat_photo.jpg/120px-Lomography_Oktomat_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lomography_Oktomat_photo.jpg/180px-Lomography_Oktomat_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lomography_Oktomat_photo.jpg/240px-Lomography_Oktomat_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="1629" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Photo taken with a Lomography Oktomat with 8 sequentially-firing shutters</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VistaQuest_VQ1005_1.3_MegaPixel_digital_keychain_camera.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A VistaQuest VQ1005 1.3 MegaPixel digital keychain camera"><img alt="A VistaQuest VQ1005 1.3 MegaPixel digital keychain camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/VistaQuest_VQ1005_1.3_MegaPixel_digital_keychain_camera.jpg/90px-VistaQuest_VQ1005_1.3_MegaPixel_digital_keychain_camera.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/VistaQuest_VQ1005_1.3_MegaPixel_digital_keychain_camera.jpg/135px-VistaQuest_VQ1005_1.3_MegaPixel_digital_keychain_camera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/VistaQuest_VQ1005_1.3_MegaPixel_digital_keychain_camera.jpg/180px-VistaQuest_VQ1005_1.3_MegaPixel_digital_keychain_camera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="2144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A VistaQuest VQ1005 1.3 MegaPixel digital keychain camera</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toy_cameras" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Toy cameras">Toy cameras</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holga" title="Holga">Holga</a>, Chinese mass-market 120 film camera</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubitel" title="Lubitel">Lubitel</a>, mass-market Russian, 120 film, <a href="/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">twin-lens reflex cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lensbaby" title="Lensbaby">Lensbaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PXL2000" title="PXL2000">PXL2000</a>, a toy video camera that has been rediscovered by filmmakers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchiesel2005" class="citation news cs1">Schiesel, Seth (8 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/08/technology/circuits/08schiesel.html">"Which Camera Does This Pro Use? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechRadar&rft.atitle=Film+is+not+dead%21+The+Lomo+LC-A+120+helps+fuel+the+retro+revival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Fphotography-video-capture%2Fcameras%2Ffilm-isn-t-dead-the-lomo-lc-a-120-helps-fuel-the-retro-revival-1264614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToy+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.pcmag.com/lomography-lc-a-120/41746/review/lomography-lc-a-120">"Lomography LC-A 120"</a>. <i>PCMag UK</i>. 7 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DIY+Photography&rft.atitle=Lomography+adds+to+its+110+film+lineup+with+the+Lomomatic+110&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft.aulast=Aldred&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diyphotography.net%2Flomography-adds-to-its-110-film-lineup-with-the-lomomatic-110%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToy+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://analoguewonderland.co.uk/blogs/film-photography-blog/the-history-of-lomochrome-short-read">"The History Of LomoChrome - Short Read"</a>. <i>Analogue Wonderland</i>. 27 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Analogue+Wonderland&rft.atitle=The+History+Of+LomoChrome+-+Short+Read&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanaloguewonderland.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Ffilm-photography-blog%2Fthe-history-of-lomochrome-short-read&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToy+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toy_camera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3788437/lomography/">Lomography and the ‘Analogue Future’</a>, Time, 2012</li></ul> <div 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_field_camera" title="Light field camera">light-field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_camera" title="Press camera">press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">still</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">TLR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">Darkroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlarger" title="Enlarger">enlarger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safelight" title="Safelight">safelight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_holder" title="Film holder">holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_films" title="List of photographic films">available films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_photographic_films" title="List of discontinued photographic films">discontinued films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_dish" title="Beauty dish">beauty dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucoloris" title="Cucoloris">cucoloris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)" title="Gobo (lighting)">gobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_hood" title="Lens hood">lens hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolight" title="Monolight">monolight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflector_(photography)" title="Reflector (photography)">reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoot" title="Snoot">snoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softbox" title="Softbox">softbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">Lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-focus_lens" title="Long-focus lens">long-focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_lens" title="Zoom lens">zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">wide-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheye_lens" title="Fisheye lens">fisheye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_lens" title="Swivel lens">swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephoto_lens" title="Telephoto lens">telephoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_equipment_makers" title="List of photographic equipment makers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopod" title="Monopod">Monopod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">Tripod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_head" title="Tripod head">head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_plate" title="Zone plate">Zone plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35 mm equivalent focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_view_(photography)" title="Angle of view (photography)">Angle of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backscatter_(photography)" title="Backscatter (photography)">Backscatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_confusion" title="Circle of confusion">Circle of confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">Clipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_focus" title="Depth of focus">Depth of focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">Exposure value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_patterning" title="Zebra patterning">Zebra patterning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_format" title="Large format">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_format" title="Medium format">medium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">Film speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_number" title="Guide number">Guide number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance" title="Hyperfocal distance">Hyperfocal distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metering_mode" title="Metering mode">Metering mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspective_distortion" title="Perspective distortion">Perspective distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_printing" title="Photographic printing">Photographic printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">Albumen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes" title="List of photographic processes">Photographic processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)" title="Reciprocity (photography)">Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">Red-eye effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_photography" title="Science of photography">Science of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_synchronization" title="Flash synchronization">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_System" title="Zone System">Zone System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_photography" title="Abstract photography">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_spotting" title="Aircraft spotting">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophotography" title="Astrophotography">Astrophotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquet_photography" title="Banquet photography">Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candid_photography" title="Candid photography">Candid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_photography" title="Conceptual photography">Conceptual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudscape_photography" title="Cloudscape photography">Cloudscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_photography" title="Eclipse photography">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_photography" title="Landscape photography">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochrome_photography" title="Monochrome photography">Monochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">Pictorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins_photography" title="Ruins photography">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_selfie" title="Space selfie">space selfie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">Social documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_photography" title="Straight photography">Straight photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">Street</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toy camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Vernacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_photography" title="Wildlife photography">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afocal_photography" title="Afocal photography">Afocal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">Bokeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenizer_method" title="Brenizer method">Brenizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(photography)" title="Burst mode (photography)">Burst mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contre-jour" title="Contre-jour">Contre-jour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_to_the_right" title="Exposing to the right">ETTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fill_flash" title="Fill flash">Fill flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_photography" title="Fireworks photography">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-colouring_of_photographs" title="Hand-colouring of photographs">Hand-colouring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_shutter" title="Harris shutter">Harris shutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_camera_movement" title="Intentional camera movement">Intentional camera movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_photography" title="Lo-fi photography">Lo-fi photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminogram" title="Luminogram">Luminogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro_photography" title="Macro photography">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordan%C3%A7age" title="Mordançage">Mordançage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-exposure_HDR_capture" title="Multi-exposure HDR capture">Multi-exposure HDR capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">Panoramic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photogram" title="Photogram">Photogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">Print toning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_photography" title="Pigeon photography">Pigeon photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">Redscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollout_photography" title="Rollout photography">Rollout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanography" title="Scanography">Scanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlieren_photography" title="Schlieren photography">Schlieren photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabattier_effect" title="Sabattier effect">Sabattier effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_down" title="Stopping down">Stopping down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_photography" title="Strip photography">Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">Slit-scan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_printing" title="Sun printing">Sun printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt%E2%80%93shift_photography" title="Tilt–shift photography">Tilt–shift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_faking" title="Miniature faking">Miniature faking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">Time-lapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography" title="Ultraviolet photography">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">Vignetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_burst" title="Zoom burst">Zoom burst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagonal_method" title="Diagonal method">Diagonal method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)" title="Framing (visual arts)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headroom_(photographic_framing)" title="Headroom (photographic framing)">Headroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_room" title="Lead room">Lead room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_thirds" title="Rule of thirds">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicity_(photography)" title="Simplicity (photography)">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_triangle_(composition)" title="Golden triangle (composition)">Golden triangle (composition)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology" title="Timeline of photography technology">Timeline of photography technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrotype" title="Ambrotype">Ambrotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_photography" title="Analog photography">Analog photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_camera" title="Box camera">Box camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufaycolor" title="Dufaycolor">Dufaycolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliography" title="Heliography">Heliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippmann_plate" title="Lippmann plate">Lippmann plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_photography_backdrops" title="Painted photography backdrops">Painted photography backdrops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">Glass plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintype" title="Tintype">Tintype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Bangladesh" title="Photography in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Canada" title="Photography in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_China" title="Photography in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Greece" title="Photography in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_India" title="Photography in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Japan" title="Photography in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Korea" title="Photography in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Luxembourg" title="Photography in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Norway" title="Photography in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_Philippines" title="Photography in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Serbia" title="Photography in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Photography in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Sudan" title="Photography in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Taiwan" title="Photography in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Turkey" title="Photography in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Ukraine" title="Photography in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_United_States" title="Photography in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Uzbekistan" title="Photography in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Vietnam" title="Photography in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">D-SLR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_SLRs" title="Comparison of digital SLRs">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">MILC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera_back" title="Digital camera back">camera back</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digiscoping" title="Digiscoping">Digiscoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_and_film_photography" title="Comparison of digital and film photography">Comparison of digital and film photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_scanner" title="Film scanner">Film scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">Image sensor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active-pixel_sensor" title="Active-pixel sensor">CMOS APS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-CCD_camera" title="Three-CCD camera">Three-CCD camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor" title="Foveon X3 sensor">Foveon X3 sensor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_print_film" title="Color print film">Print film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromogenic_print" title="Chromogenic print">Chromogenic print</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Reversal film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">Photographic<br />processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleach_bypass" title="Bleach bypass">Bleach bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collodion_process" title="Collodion process">Collodion process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_processing" title="Cross processing">Cross processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">Developer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dye_coupler" title="Dye coupler">Dye coupler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatin silver process">Gelatin silver process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_printing" title="Gum printing">Gum printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_film" title="Instant film">Instant film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_permanence" title="Print permanence">Print permanence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_processing" title="Push processing">Push processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">Stop bath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_photographs" title="List of largest photographs">Largest photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_photographs" title="List of most expensive photographs">Most expensive photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_devoted_to_one_photographer" title="List of museums devoted to one photographer">Museums devoted to one photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">Photographs considered the most important</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_photographers" title="List of Norwegian photographers">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_photographers" title="List of Polish photographers">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_photographers" title="List of street photographers">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_photographers" title="List of women photographers">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photography_periodicals" title="List of photography periodicals">Photography periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Conservation and restoration of photographs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">photographic plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Lomography">Lomography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_art" title="Polaroid art">Polaroid art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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