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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Transcript_splicing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transcript_splicing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Transcript splicing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transcript_splicing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_and_function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_and_function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure and function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_and_function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role in development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_stem_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_stem_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Role in stem cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_stem_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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hreflang="bs" data-title="TBX3" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBX3" title="TBX3 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="TBX3" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBX3" title="TBX3 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="TBX3" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBX3" title="TBX3 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="TBX3" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBX3" title="TBX3 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="TBX3" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18031866#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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under a dual publication model. The corresponding peer-reviewed article was published in the journal Gene. Click to view." rel="nofollow"><img alt="This article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding peer-reviewed article was published in the journal Gene. Click to view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/20px-Journal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/30px-Journal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/40px-Journal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens</div> <p> <b>T-box transcription factor TBX3</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the <i>TBX3</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8988164_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8988164-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-entrez_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> T-box 3 (TBX3) is a member of the T-box gene family of <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factors</a> which all share a highly conserved DNA binding domain known as the <a href="/wiki/T-box" title="T-box">T-box</a>. The T-box gene family consists of 17 members in mouse and humans that are grouped into five subfamilies, namely Brachyury (T), T-brain (Tbr1), TBX1, TBX2, and TBX6. Tbx3 is a member of the Tbx2 subfamily which includes <a href="/wiki/TBX2" title="TBX2">Tbx2</a>, Tbx4 and <a href="/wiki/TBX5_(gene)" title="TBX5 (gene)">Tbx5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The human TBX3 gene maps to <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> 12 at position 12q23-24.1 and consists of 7 <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">exons</a> which encodes a 723 amino acid protein (ENSEMBL assembly release GRCh38.p12).</p><table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">TBX3</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protein_TBX3_PDB_1h6f.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Protein_TBX3_PDB_1h6f.png/250px-Protein_TBX3_PDB_1h6f.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Protein_TBX3_PDB_1h6f.png/375px-Protein_TBX3_PDB_1h6f.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Protein_TBX3_PDB_1h6f.png/500px-Protein_TBX3_PDB_1h6f.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="633" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P70324%20or%20O15119">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P70324,O15119">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1H6F">1H6F</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/11602">TBX3</a></span>, TBX3-ISO, UMS, XHL, T-box 3, T-box transcription factor 3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/601621">601621</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:98495">98495</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=4371">4371</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TBX3">TBX3</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000135111">TBX3 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_12.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 12 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 12 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ideogram_human_chromosome_12.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_12.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ideogram_human_chromosome_12.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_12.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ideogram_human_chromosome_12.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_12.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_12_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 12 (human)">Chromosome 12 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_12_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 12 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 12 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Human_chromosome_12_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_12_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Human_chromosome_12_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_12_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Human_chromosome_12_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_12_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 247.6879610644px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for TBX3"><img alt="Genomic location for TBX3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 253.7px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for TBX3"><img alt="Genomic location for TBX3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">12q24.21</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">114,670,255 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">114,684,175 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 5 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 5 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 5 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 5 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 5 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 226.70634363642px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for TBX3"><img alt="Genomic location for TBX3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 232.7px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for TBX3"><img alt="Genomic location for TBX3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">5 F|5 60.34 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">119,808,734 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">119,822,789 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000135111">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">right adrenal cortex</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left adrenal cortex</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">urethra</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">stromal cell of endometrium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">seminal vesicula</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">prostate</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lobe of thyroid gland</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lung</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left lobe of thyroid gland</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">placenta</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000018604">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">genital tubercle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">medullary collecting duct</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">transitional epithelium of ureter</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lobe of prostate</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">adrenal gland</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">seminal vesicula</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">transitional epithelium of urinary bladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pelvic ganglion</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lumbar spinal ganglion</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">coelomic epithelium</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000135111">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_TBX3_219682_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PBB_GE_TBX3_219682_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_TBX3_219682_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PBB_GE_TBX3_219682_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_TBX3_219682_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PBB_GE_TBX3_219682_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_TBX3_219682_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/6926/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001227">DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043565">sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000978">RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003700">DNA-binding transcription factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003677">DNA binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000981">DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005634">nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035136">forelimb morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0090398">cellular senescence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060444">branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000648">positive regulation of stem cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003167">atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030857">negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030540">female genitalia development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006351">transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030539">male genitalia development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007275">multicellular organism development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008595">anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003151">outflow tract morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001501">skeletal system development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060412">ventricular septum morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035115">embryonic forelimb morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060923">cardiac muscle cell fate commitment</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006357">regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003007">heart morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042127">regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001947">heart looping</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045662">negative regulation of myoblast differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010159">specification of animal organ position</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019827">stem cell population maintenance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032275">luteinizing hormone secretion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046884">follicle-stimulating hormone secretion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001568">blood vessel development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008284">positive regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045893">positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060021">roof of mouth development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060596">mammary placode formation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001701">in utero embryonic development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048332">mesoderm morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006355">regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035108">limb morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060931">sinoatrial node cell development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045787">positive regulation of cell cycle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0055007">cardiac muscle cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0021761">limbic system development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035116">embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009887">animal organ morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035050">embryonic heart tube development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042733">embryonic digit morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030879">mammary gland development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000122">negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045892">negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043066">negative regulation of apoptotic process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=6926&rn=1">6926</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=21386&rn=1">21386</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000135111;db=core">ENSG00000135111</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000018604;db=core">ENSMUSG00000018604</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O15119">O15119</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P70324">P70324</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_016569">NM_016569</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_005996">NM_005996</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_011535">NM_011535</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_198052">NM_198052</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_005987">NP_005987</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_057653">NP_057653</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_035665">NP_035665</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_932169">NP_932169</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr12:114670255-114684175">Chr 12: 114.67 – 114.68 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr5:119808734-119822789">Chr 5: 119.81 – 119.82 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031866" class="extiw" title="d:Q18031866">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18254813" class="extiw" title="d:Q18254813">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transcript_splicing">Transcript splicing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBX3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Transcript splicing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alternative_splicing" title="Alternative splicing">Alternative processing</a> and splicing results in at least 4 distinct TBX3 <a href="/wiki/Protein_isoform" title="Protein isoform">isoforms</a> with TBX3 and TBX3+2a being the predominant isoforms. TBX3+2a results from alternative splicing of the second <a href="/wiki/Intron" title="Intron">intron</a> which leads to the addition of the +2a <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">exon</a> and consequently this isoform has an additional 20 amino acids within the T-box DNA binding domain.<sup id="cite_ref-Bamshad_1997_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bamshad_1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fan_2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fan_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The functions of TBX3 and TBX3+2a may vary slightly across different cell types.<sup id="cite_ref-Fan_2004_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fan_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoogaars_2008_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoogaars_2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rodriguez_2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodriguez_2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhao_2014_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao_2014-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krstic_2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krstic_2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krstic_2019_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krstic_2019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_function">Structure and function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBX3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure and function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TBX3 has domains which are important for its transcription factor function which include a <a href="/wiki/DNA-binding_domain" title="DNA-binding domain">DNA-binding domain</a> (DBD) also called the T-box, a nuclear localization signal, two repression domains (R2 and R1) and an activation domain (A).<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_2002_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson_2002-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The T-box recognizes a <a href="/wiki/Palindrome" title="Palindrome">palindromic</a> DNA sequence (T(G/C)ACACCT AGGTGTGAAATT) known as the T-element, or half sites within this sequence called half T-elements, although it can also recognize variations within the consensus T-element sequences. While there are 29 predicted <a href="/wiki/Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a> sites in the TBX3 protein only the SP190, SP692 and S720 have been fully characterized. The <a href="/wiki/Kinase" title="Kinase">kinases</a> involved are cyclin A-CDK2 at either SP190 or SP354, p38 <a href="/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase" title="Mitogen-activated protein kinase">mitogen-activated protein</a> (MAP) kinase at SP692 in embryonic kidney cells and <a href="/wiki/AKT3" title="AKT3">AKT3</a> at S720 in melanoma. These modifications act in a context dependent manner to promote TBX3 protein stability, nuclear localization and transcriptional activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Willmer_2015_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willmer_2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TBX3 can activate and/or repress its target genes by binding a T-element, or half T-element sites.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, Tbx3 binds highly conserved T-elements to activate the promoters of <i>Eomes</i>, <i>T</i>, <i>Sox17 and Gata6,</i> which are factors essential for mesoderm differentiation and extra embryonic <a href="/wiki/Endoderm" title="Endoderm">endodermal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, in the cancer context, TBX3 directly represses the cell cycle regulators <a href="/wiki/P14arf" title="P14arf"><i>p19<sup>ARF</sup></i>/<i>p14<sup>ARF</sup></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lingbeek_2002_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lingbeek_2002-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/P21" title="P21">p21<sup>WAF1</sup></a></i> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>TBX2</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Li_2014_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2014-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <i><a href="/wiki/CDH1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDH1 (gene)">E-cadherin</a></i> <sup id="cite_ref-Rodriguez_2008_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodriguez_2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which encodes a cell adhesion molecule, to promote proliferation and migration. TBX3 directly represses a region of the <i><a href="/wiki/PTEN_(gene)" title="PTEN (gene)">PTEN</a></i> promoter which lacks putative T-elements, but which forms an important regulatory unit for <i>PTEN</i> transcriptional activators, thus raising the possibility that TBX3 may also repress some of its target genes through interfering with transcriptional activators.<sup id="cite_ref-Burgucu_2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burgucu_2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The function of TBX3 as either a transcriptional repressor or transcriptional activator is, in part, modulated by protein co-factors. For example, it can interact with other transcription factors such as Nkx2-5, Msx 1/2 <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sox4 <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to assist it binding to its target genes to regulate heart development <sup id="cite_ref-Hoogaars_2008_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoogaars_2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it can interact with histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1, 2, 3 and 5 to repress <i>p14ARF</i> in breast cancer and with HDAC5 to repress <i>E-cadherin</i> to promote metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.<sup id="cite_ref-Yarosh_2008_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yarosh_2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dong_2019_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lastly, TBX3 can also co-operate with other factors to inhibit the process of mRNA splicing by directly binding RNAs containing the core motif of a T-element.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoogaars_2008_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoogaars_2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rodriguez_2008_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodriguez_2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhao_2014_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao_2014-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krstic_2016_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krstic_2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krstic_2019_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krstic_2019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, TBX3 interacts with Coactivator of AP1 and Estrogen Receptor (CAPERα) to repress the long non-coding RNA, Urothelial Cancer Associated 1 (UCA1), which leads to the bypass of senescence through the stabilization of p16INK4a mRNA.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar_2014_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar_2014-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TBX3 has been functionally connected to the regulation of the <a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt</a> signalling, thereby providing a novel explanation of how signalling pathways are orchestrated by tissue-specific transcription factors.<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmerli_2020_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmerli_2020-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_development">Role in development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBX3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role in development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During mouse embryonic development, Tbx3 is expressed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, in the extraembryonic mesoderm during gastrulation, and in the developing heart, limbs,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> musculoskeletal structures,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mammary glands,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nervous system,<sup id="cite_ref-Quarta_222–235_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quarta_222–235-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> skin,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eye,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> liver,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pancreas,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lungs <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and genitalia.<sup id="cite_ref-Bamshad_1997_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bamshad_1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tbx3 null embryos show defects in, among other structures, the heart, mammary glands and limbs and they die in utero by embryonic day E16.5, most likely due to yolk sac and heart defects. These observations together with numerous other studies have illustrated that Tbx3 plays crucial roles in the development of the heart,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mammary glands,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> limbs <sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lungs.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TBX3 has been implicated in the regulation of <a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt</a> target genes by tissue-specific crosstalk with the protein <a href="/wiki/BCL9" title="BCL9">BCL9</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmerli_2020_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmerli_2020-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_stem_cells">Role in stem cells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBX3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Role in stem cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell" title="Embryonic stem cell">Embryonic stem cells</a> (ESCs) and adult stem cells, are undifferentiated cells which when they divide have the potential to either remain a stem cell or to differentiate into other specialized cells. Adult stem cells are multipotent progenitor cells found in numerous adult tissues and, as part of the body repair system, they can develop into more than one cell type but they are more limited than ESCs.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TBX3 is highly expressed in mouse ESCs (mESCs) and appears to have a dual role in these cells. Firstly it can enhance and maintain stem cell pluripotency by preventing differentiation and enhancing self-renewal and secondly it can maintain the pluripotency and differentiation potential of mESCS.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ESC-like cells that can generate scalable quantities of relevant tissue and are of major interest for their application in personalized regenerative medicine, drug screening, and for our understanding of the cell signaling networks that regulate embryonic development and disease. In vitro studies have shown that Tbx3 is an important factor that, together with KLF4, SOX2, OCT4, Nanog, LIN-28A and C-MYC, can reprogram somatic cells to form iPS cells.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBX3&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TBX3 has been implicated in human diseases including the ulnar mammary syndrome,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> obesity,<sup id="cite_ref-Quarta_222–235_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quarta_222–235-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rheumatoid arthritis<sup id="cite_ref-Sardar_2019_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sardar_2019-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-Willmer_2017_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willmer_2017-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In humans, heterozygous mutations of TBX3 lead to the autosomal dominant developmental disorder, ulnar mammary syndrome (UMS), which is characterized by a number of clinical features including mammary and apocrine gland hypoplasia, upper limb defects, malformations of areola, dental structures, heart and genitalia.<sup id="cite_ref-Bamshad_1997_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bamshad_1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several UMS causing mutations in the TBX3 gene have been reported which include 5 nonsense, 8 frameshift (due to deletion, duplication and insertion), 3 missense and 2 splice site mutations. Missense mutations within the T-domain, or the loss of RD1 result in aberrant transcripts and truncated proteins of TBX3. These mutations lead to reduced DNA binding, transcriptional control and splicing regulation of TBX3 and the loss of function and are associated with the most severe phenotype of UMS.<sup id="cite_ref-Lingbeek_2002_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lingbeek_2002-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid24675841_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24675841-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tbx3 is expressed in heterogenous populations of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons which control energy homeostasis by regulating appetite and energy expenditure and the ablation of TBX3 function in these neurons was shown to cause obesity in mouse models. Importantly, Tbx3 was shown to be a key player in driving the functional heterogeneity of hypothalamic neurons and this function was conserved in mice, drosophila and humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Quarta_222–235_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quarta_222–235-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genome wide association studies also causally linked TBX3 to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and a recent study identified Tbx3 as a candidate gene for RA in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models.<sup id="cite_ref-Sardar_2019_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sardar_2019-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The severity of RA directly correlated with TBX3 serum levels in the CIA mouse models. Furthermore, Tbx3 was shown to repress B lymphocyte proliferation and to activate the humoral immune response which is associated with chronic inflammation of the synovium leading to RA. Tbx3 may thus be an important player in regulating the immune system and could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of RA severity.<sup id="cite_ref-Sardar_2019_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sardar_2019-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TBX3 is overexpressed in a wide range of carcinomas (breast, pancreatic, melanoma, liver, lung, gastric, ovarian, bladder and head and neck cancers) and sarcomas (chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma) and there is compelling evidence that it contributes to several hallmarks of cancer. Indeed, TBX3 can bypass cellular senescence, apoptosis and anoikis as well as promote uncontrolled cell proliferation, tumor formation, angiogenesis and metastasis.<sup id="cite_ref-Krstic_2019_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krstic_2019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dong_2019_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Willmer_2017_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willmer_2017-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Feng_2018_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feng_2018-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dong_2018_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_2018-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, TBX3 contributes to the expansion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and is a key player in regulating pluripotency-related genes in these cells. CSCs contribute to tumor relapse and drug resistance and thus this may be another mechanism by which TBX3 contributes to cancer formation and tumor aggressiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mechanisms by which TBX3 contributes to oncogenic processes involve, in part, its ability to inhibit the tumor suppressor pathways p14<sup>ARF</sup>/p53/p21<sup>WAF1/CIP1</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_2002_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson_2002-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yarosh_2008_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yarosh_2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> p16<sup>INK4a</sup>/pRb, <i>p57<sup>KIP2</sup></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Li_2018_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2018-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>PTEN</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Burgucu_2012_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burgucu_2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>E-cadherin</i><sup id="cite_ref-Feng_2018_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feng_2018-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dong_2018_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_2018-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and activating the angiogenesis-associated genes FGF2 and VEGF-A<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the EMT gene SNAI.<sup id="cite_ref-Krstic_2019_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krstic_2019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the oncogenic signaling molecules identified that upregulate TBX3 include TGF-β,<sup id="cite_ref-Li_2014_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2014-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BRAF-MAPK,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> c-Myc,<sup id="cite_ref-Willmer_2015_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willmer_2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AKT,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and PLC<sub>ᗴ</sub>/PKC.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The function of TBX3 is also regulated by phosphorylation by the p38-MAPK, AKT3 and cyclin A/CDK2<sup id="cite_ref-Willmer_2015_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willmer_2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by protein co-factors, which include PRC2,<sup id="cite_ref-Li_2018_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2018-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Histone Deacetylases 1, 2, 3 and 5<sup id="cite_ref-Yarosh_2008_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yarosh_2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and CAPERα.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar_2014_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar_2014-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also evidence that TBX3 may function as a tumour suppressor. During oncogenesis, TBX3 is silenced by methylation in some cancers and this was associated with a poor overall survival, resistance to cancer therapy and a more invasive phenotype.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, TBX3 is overexpressed in fibrosarcoma cells and removing TBX3 from these cells led to a more aggressive phenotype.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBX3&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="margin: 0 10%; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff; background: #fbfbfb;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://www.example.com" title="Journal" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Journal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/48px-Journal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/72px-Journal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Journal_Icon.svg/96px-Journal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The 2019 version of this article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_peer_review" title="Scholarly peer review">academic peer reviewed</a> article was published in <i><b>Gene </b></i> and can be cited as:<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">Saif F Khan, Victoria Damerell, Rehana Omar, Michelle Du Toit, Mohsin Khan, Hapiloe Mabaruti Maranyane, et al. (26 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108957">"The roles and regulation of TBX3 in development and disease"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gene_(journal)" title="Gene (journal)">Gene</a></i>. Gene Wiki Review Series. <b>726</b>: 144223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FJ.GENE.2019.144223">10.1016/J.GENE.2019.144223</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0378-1119">0378-1119</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108957">7108957</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31669645">31669645</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81446772" class="extiw" title="d:Q81446772">Q81446772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=The+roles+and+regulation+of+TBX3+in+development+and+disease&rft.volume=726&rft.pages=144223&rft.date=2019-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7108957%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0378-1119&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31669645&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FJ.GENE.2019.144223&rft.au=Saif+F+Khan&rft.au=Victoria+Damerell&rft.au=Rehana+Omar&rft.au=Michelle+Du+Toit&rft.au=Mohsin+Khan&rft.au=Hapiloe+Mabaruti+Maranyane&rft.au=Mihlali+Mlaza&rft.au=Jenna+Bleloch&rft.au=Claire+Bellis&rft.au=Bianca+D+B+Sahm&rft.au=Jade+Peres&rft.au=Nagarajan+Aruljothi&rft.au=Sharon+Prince&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7108957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATBX3" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: overridden setting (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_overridden_setting" title="Category:CS1 maint: overridden setting">link</a>)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBX3&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid8988164-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid8988164_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiNewbury-EcobTerrettWilson1997" class="citation journal cs1">Li QY, Newbury-Ecob RA, Terrett JA, Wilson DI, Curtis AR, Yi CH, et al. 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(December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3018478">"DNA methylation in glioblastoma: impact on gene expression and clinical outcome"</a>. <i>BMC Genomics</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 701. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2164-11-701">10.1186/1471-2164-11-701</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3018478">3018478</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21156036">21156036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Genomics&rft.atitle=DNA+methylation+in+glioblastoma%3A+impact+on+gene+expression+and+clinical+outcome&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=701&rft.date=2010-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3018478%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21156036&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2164-11-701&rft.aulast=Etcheverry&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Aubry%2C+M&rft.au=de+Tayrac%2C+M&rft.au=Vauleon%2C+E&rft.au=Boniface%2C+R&rft.au=Guenot%2C+F&rft.au=Saikali%2C+S&rft.au=Hamlat%2C+A&rft.au=Riffaud%2C+L&rft.au=Menei%2C+P&rft.au=Quillien%2C+V&rft.au=Mosser%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3018478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATBX3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWillmerCooperSimsGovender2016" class="citation journal cs1">Willmer T, Cooper A, Sims D, Govender D, Prince S (February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5154352">"The T-box transcription factor 3 is a promising biomarker and a key regulator of the oncogenic phenotype of a diverse range of sarcoma subtypes"</a>. <i>Oncogenesis</i>. <b>5</b> (2): e199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Foncsis.2016.11">10.1038/oncsis.2016.11</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5154352">5154352</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26900951">26900951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogenesis&rft.atitle=The+T-box+transcription+factor+3+is+a+promising+biomarker+and+a+key+regulator+of+the+oncogenic+phenotype+of+a+diverse+range+of+sarcoma+subtypes&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e199&rft.date=2016-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5154352%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26900951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Foncsis.2016.11&rft.aulast=Willmer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Cooper%2C+A&rft.au=Sims%2C+D&rft.au=Govender%2C+D&rft.au=Prince%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5154352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATBX3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TBX3&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=TBX3+protein%2C+human">TBX3+protein,+human</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li>Overview of all the structural information available in the <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> for <a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/O15119">O15119</a></i> (T-box transcription factor TBX3) at the <a href="/wiki/PDBe-KB" title="PDBe-KB">PDBe-KB</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1h6f_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1h6f: HUMAN TBX3, A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR ULNAR-MAMMARY SYNDROME , BOUND TO A PALINDROMIC DNA SITE"><img alt="1h6f: HUMAN TBX3, A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR ULNAR-MAMMARY SYNDROME , BOUND TO A PALINDROMIC DNA SITE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/PDB_1h6f_EBI.jpg/250px-PDB_1h6f_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/PDB_1h6f_EBI.jpg/330px-PDB_1h6f_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/PDB_1h6f_EBI.jpg/500px-PDB_1h6f_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1h6f</b>: HUMAN TBX3, A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR ULNAR-MAMMARY SYNDROME , BOUND TO A PALINDROMIC DNA SITE</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors" title="Template:Transcription factors and intracellular receptors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors" title="Template talk:Transcription factors and intracellular receptors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transcription factors and intracellular receptors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">Transcription factors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intracellular_receptor" title="Intracellular receptor">intracellular receptors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(1)_Basic_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(1) Basic domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.1) Basic</i> <a href="/wiki/Leucine_zipper" title="Leucine zipper">leucine zipper</a> (<a href="/wiki/BZIP_domain" title="BZIP domain">bZIP</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activating_transcription_factor" title="Activating transcription factor">Activating transcription factor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apoptosis-antagonizing_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor">AATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF1" title="ATF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activating_transcription_factor_2" title="Activating transcription factor 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF3" title="ATF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF4" title="ATF4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF5" title="ATF5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF6" title="ATF6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF7" title="ATF7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor" title="AP-1 transcription factor">AP-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-Fos" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Fos">c-Fos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSB" title="FOSB">FOSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSL1" title="FOSL1">FOSL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSL2" title="FOSL2">FOSL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_dimerization_protein" title="Jun dimerization protein">JDP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-jun" class="mw-redirect" title="C-jun">c-Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUNB" title="JUNB">JUNB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JunD" title="JunD">JunD</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>BACH</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BACH1" title="BACH1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BACH2" title="BACH2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BATF_(gene)" title="BATF (gene)">BATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLZF1" title="BLZF1">BLZF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ccaat-enhancer-binding_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Ccaat-enhancer-binding proteins">C/EBP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEBPA" title="CEBPA">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEBPB" title="CEBPB">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEBPG" title="CEBPG">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEBPD" title="CEBPD">δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEBPE" title="CEBPE">ε</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCAAT/enhancer_binding_protein_zeta" title="CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta">ζ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CREB" title="CREB">CREB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CREB1" title="CREB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CREB3" title="CREB3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CREBL1" title="CREBL1">L1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAMP_responsive_element_modulator" title="CAMP responsive element modulator">CREM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBP_(gene)" title="DBP (gene)">DBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_damage-inducible_transcript_3" title="DNA damage-inducible transcript 3">DDIT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABPA" title="GABPA">GABPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gcn4" title="Gcn4">GCN4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HLF_(gene)" title="HLF (gene)">HLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAF_(gene)" title="MAF (gene)">MAF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAFB_(gene)" title="MAFB (gene)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Maf" title="Small Maf">sMaf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAFF_(gene)" title="MAFF (gene)">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAFG" title="MAFG">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAFK" title="MAFK">K</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>NFE</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFE2" title="NFE2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L1" title="NFE2L1">L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L2" title="NFE2L2">L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L3" title="NFE2L3">L3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIL3" title="NFIL3">NFIL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRL_(gene)" title="NRL (gene)">NRL</a></li> <li><i>NRF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NRF1" title="NRF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L2" title="NFE2L2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L3" title="NFE2L3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBP1" title="XBP1">XBP1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix</i> (<a href="/wiki/Basic_helix-loop-helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic helix-loop-helix">bHLH</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group A</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaete-scute_complex" title="Achaete-scute complex">AS-C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASCL1" title="ASCL1">ASCL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCL2" title="ASCL2">ASCL2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATOH1" title="ATOH1">ATOH1</a></li> <li><i>HAND</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAND1" title="HAND1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAND2" title="HAND2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESP2" title="MESP2">MESP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myogenic_regulatory_factors" title="Myogenic regulatory factors">Myogenic regulatory factors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MyoD" title="MyoD">MyoD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myogenin" title="Myogenin">Myogenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYF5" title="MYF5">MYF5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYF6" title="MYF6">MYF6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeuroD" title="NeuroD">NeuroD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEUROD1" title="NEUROD1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEUROD2" title="NEUROD2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurogenins" title="Neurogenins">Neurogenins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEUROG1" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEUROG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEUROG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>OLIG</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLIG1" title="OLIG1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLIG2" title="OLIG2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Paraxis</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TCF15" title="TCF15">TCF15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scleraxis" title="Scleraxis">Scleraxis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>SLC</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LYL1" title="LYL1">LYL1</a></li> <li><i>TAL</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TAL1" title="TAL1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAL2" title="TAL2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twist_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Twist transcription factor">Twist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group B</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIGLA" title="FIGLA">FIGLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myc" title="Myc">Myc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MYC" title="MYC">c-Myc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYCL" title="MYCL">l-Myc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Myc" title="N-Myc">n-Myc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MXD4" title="MXD4">MXD4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCF4" title="TCF4">TCF4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group C<br />bHLH-<a href="/wiki/PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor">AhR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_repressor" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor">AHRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_nuclear_translocator" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator">ARNT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARNTL2" title="ARNTL2">ARNTL2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxia-inducible_factor" title="Hypoxia-inducible factor">HIF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIF1A" title="HIF1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPAS1" title="EPAS1">EPAS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIF3A" title="HIF3A">3A</a></li></ul></li> <li>NPAS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAS1" title="NPAS1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAS2" title="NPAS2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAS3" title="NPAS3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>PER</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PER1" class="mw-redirect" title="PER1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PER2" title="PER2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PER3" title="PER3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_(gene)" title="Period (gene)">Period</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>SIM</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIM1" title="SIM1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM2" title="SIM2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group D</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>BHLH</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BHLHB2" title="BHLHB2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHLHB3" class="mw-redirect" title="BHLHB3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHLHA9" title="BHLHA9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pho4" title="Pho4">Pho4</a></li> <li><i>ID</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ID1" title="ID1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID2" title="ID2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID3_(gene)" title="ID3 (gene)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID4" title="ID4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group E</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>HES</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HES1" title="HES1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hes_family_bhlh_transcription_factor_2" title="Hes family bhlh transcription factor 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES3" title="HES3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES4" title="HES4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES5" title="HES5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES6" title="HES6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES7_gene" title="HES7 gene">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>HEY</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HEY1" title="HEY1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEY2" title="HEY2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEYL" title="HEYL">L</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group F<br />bHLH-COE</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EBF1" title="EBF1">EBF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.3)</i> <a href="/wiki/Basic_helix-loop-helix_leucine_zipper_transcription_factors" title="Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors">bHLH-ZIP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TFAP4" title="TFAP4">AP-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAX_(gene)" title="MAX (gene)">MAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MXD1" title="MXD1">MXD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MXD3" title="MXD3">MXD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphthalmia-associated_transcription_factor" title="Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor">MITF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNT_(gene)" title="MNT (gene)">MNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLX_(gene)" title="MLX (gene)">MLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate-responsive_element-binding_protein" title="Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein">MLXIPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MXI1" title="MXI1">MXI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myc" title="Myc">Myc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterol_regulatory_element-binding_protein" title="Sterol regulatory element-binding protein">SREBP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SREBF1" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SREBF2" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBF2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USF1" title="USF1">USF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.4) NF-1</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_factor_I" title="Nuclear factor I">NFI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFIA" title="NFIA">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIB_(gene)" title="NFIB (gene)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIC_(gene)" title="NFIC (gene)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIX" title="NFIX">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMAD_(protein)" title="SMAD (protein)">SMAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-SMAD" title="R-SMAD">R-SMAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_1" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_2" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_3" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_5" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_9" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-SMAD" title="I-SMAD">I-SMAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_6" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_7" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_4" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4">4</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.5) RF-X</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>RFX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RFX1" title="RFX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX2" title="RFX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX3" title="RFX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX4" title="RFX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX5" title="RFX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX6" title="RFX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFXANK" title="RFXANK">ANK</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activating_protein_2" title="Activating protein 2">AP-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2A" title="TFAP2A">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2B" title="TFAP2B">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2C" title="TFAP2C">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2D" title="TFAP2D">δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2E" title="TFAP2E">ε</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(2)_Zinc_finger_DNA-binding_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(2)</i> <a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger" title="Zinc finger">Zinc finger</a> DNA-binding domains</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.1)</i> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">Nuclear receptor</a> <i>(Cys<sub>4</sub>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 1</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_receptor" title="Thyroid hormone receptor">Thyroid hormone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_receptor_alpha" title="Thyroid hormone receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_receptor_beta" title="Thyroid hormone receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_androstane_receptor" title="Constitutive androstane receptor">CAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnesoid_X_receptor" title="Farnesoid X receptor">FXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_X_receptor" title="Liver X receptor">LXR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liver_X_receptor_alpha" title="Liver X receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_X_receptor_beta" title="Liver X receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor">PPAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_alpha" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_delta" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta">β/δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_gamma" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnane_X_receptor" title="Pregnane X receptor">PXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor" title="Retinoic acid receptor">RAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoic acid receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor_beta" title="Retinoic acid receptor beta">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor_gamma" title="Retinoic acid receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAR-related_orphan_receptor" title="RAR-related orphan receptor">ROR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAR-related_orphan_receptor_alpha" title="RAR-related orphan receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAR-related_orphan_receptor_beta" title="RAR-related orphan receptor beta">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAR-related_orphan_receptor_gamma" title="RAR-related orphan receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rev-ErbA" class="mw-redirect" title="Rev-ErbA">Rev-ErbA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rev-ErbA_alpha" title="Rev-ErbA alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rev-ErbA_beta" title="Rev-ErbA beta">β</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitriol_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcitriol receptor">VDR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 2</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_ovalbumin_upstream_promoter-transcription_factor" title="Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor">COUP-TF</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/COUP-TFI" title="COUP-TFI">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COUP-TFII" title="COUP-TFII">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-erbA-related_gene" title="V-erbA-related gene">Ear-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4">HNF4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4_alpha" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4_gamma" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell-specific_nuclear_receptor" title="Photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor">PNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor" title="Retinoid X receptor">RXR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoid X receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor_beta" title="Retinoid X receptor beta">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor_gamma" title="Retinoid X receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_receptor" title="Testicular receptor">Testicular receptor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_receptor_2" title="Testicular receptor 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_receptor_4" title="Testicular receptor 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLX" title="TLX">TLX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 3</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steroid_hormone_receptor" title="Steroid hormone receptor">Steroid hormone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor">Androgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor">Estrogen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">Glucocorticoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">Mineralocorticoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">Progesterone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen-related_receptor" title="Estrogen-related receptor">Estrogen related</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen-related_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen-related receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen-related_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen-related receptor beta">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen-related_receptor_gamma" title="Estrogen-related receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 4</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nur_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur (biology)">NUR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A1" title="Nuclear receptor 4A1">NGFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A3" title="Nuclear receptor 4A3">NOR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A2" title="Nuclear receptor 4A2">NURR1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 5</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liver_receptor_homolog-1" title="Liver receptor homolog-1">LRH-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steroidogenic_factor_1" title="Steroidogenic factor 1">SF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 6</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell_nuclear_factor" title="Germ cell nuclear factor">GCNF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 0</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DAX1" title="DAX1">DAX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_heterodimer_partner" title="Small heterodimer partner">SHP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.2) Other Cys<sub>4</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GATA_transcription_factor" title="GATA transcription factor">GATA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GATA1" title="GATA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA2" title="GATA2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA3" title="GATA3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA4" title="GATA4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA5" title="GATA5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA6" title="GATA6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>MTA</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTA1" title="MTA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA2" title="MTA2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA3" title="MTA3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricho-rhino-phalangeal_syndrome_Type_1" title="Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome Type 1">TRPS1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.3) Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_transcription_factor" title="General transcription factor">General transcription factors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_A" title="Transcription factor II A">TFIIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_B" title="Transcription factor II B">TFIIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_D" title="Transcription factor II D">TFIID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_E" title="Transcription factor II E">TFIIE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GTF2E1" title="GTF2E1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2E2" title="GTF2E2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_F" title="Transcription factor II F">TFIIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2F1" title="GTF2F1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2F2" title="GTF2F2">2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_H" title="Transcription factor II H">TFIIH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2H1" title="GTF2H1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2H2" title="GTF2H2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2H4" title="GTF2H4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2I" title="GTF2I">2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF3A" title="GTF3A">3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF3C1" title="GTF3C1">3C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF3C2" title="GTF3C2">3C2</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATBF1" title="ATBF1">ATBF1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B-cell_CLL/lymphoma" title="B-cell CLL/lymphoma">BCL</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCL6" title="BCL6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCL11A" title="BCL11A">11A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCL11B" title="BCL11B">11B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTCF" title="CTCF">CTCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4F1" title="E4F1">E4F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_growth_response_proteins" title="Early growth response proteins">EGR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EGR1" title="EGR1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGR2" title="EGR2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGR3" title="EGR3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGR4" title="EGR4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERV3" title="ERV3">ERV3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFI1" title="GFI1">GFI1</a></li> <li><i>GLI family</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLI1" title="GLI1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLI2" title="GLI2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLI3" title="GLI3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RE1-silencing_transcription_factor" title="RE1-silencing transcription factor">REST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLIS1" title="GLIS1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLIS2" title="GLIS2">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YY1" title="YY1">YY1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>HIC</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIC1" title="HIC1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIC2" title="HIC2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>HIVEP</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIVEP1" title="HIVEP1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIVEP2" title="HIVEP2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIVEP3" title="HIVEP3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>IKZF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IKZF1" title="IKZF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKZF2" title="IKZF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKZF3" title="IKZF3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ILF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ILF2" title="ILF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILF3" title="ILF3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruppel-like_factors" title="Kruppel-like factors">Sp/KLF family</a> <ul><li><i>KLF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLF1" title="KLF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF2" title="KLF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF3" title="KLF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF4" title="KLF4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF5" title="KLF5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF6" title="KLF6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF7" title="KLF7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF8" title="KLF8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF9" title="KLF9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF10" title="KLF10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF11" title="KLF11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF12" title="KLF12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF13" title="KLF13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF14" title="KLF14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF15" title="KLF15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF17" title="KLF17">17</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>SP</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sp1_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sp1 transcription factor">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP2_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="SP2 (gene)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP4_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="SP4 (gene)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp7_transcription_factor" title="Sp7 transcription factor">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp8_transcription_factor" title="Sp8 transcription factor">8</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTF1" title="MTF1">MTF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYT1" title="MYT1">MYT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSR1" title="OSR1">OSR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRDM9" title="PRDM9">PRDM9</a></li> <li><i>SALL</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SALL1" title="SALL1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SALL2" title="SALL2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SALL3" title="SALL3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SALL4" title="SALL4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSHZ3" title="TSHZ3">TSHZ3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WT1" class="mw-redirect" title="WT1">WT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbtb7" title="Zbtb7">Zbtb7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB7A" title="ZBTB7A">7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB7B" title="ZBTB7B">7B</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ZBTB</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB11" title="ZBTB11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger_and_BTB_domain-containing_protein_16" title="Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB17" title="ZBTB17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB20" title="ZBTB20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB21" title="ZBTB21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB32" title="ZBTB32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB33" title="ZBTB33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB40" title="ZBTB40">40</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>zinc finger</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZNF3" title="ZNF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF7" title="ZNF7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBP" title="CNBP">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF10" title="ZNF10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF19" title="ZNF19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF22" title="ZNF22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF24" title="ZNF24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF33B" title="ZNF33B">33B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF34" title="ZNF34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF35" title="ZNF35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF41" title="ZNF41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF43" title="ZNF43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF44" title="ZNF44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCL6" title="BCL6">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF74" title="ZNF74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF143" title="ZNF143">143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF146" title="ZNF146">146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF148" title="ZNF148">148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger_protein_165" title="Zinc finger protein 165">165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF202" title="ZNF202">202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF217" title="ZNF217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF219" title="ZNF219">219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF238" title="ZNF238">238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF239" title="ZNF239">239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF259" title="ZNF259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF267" title="ZNF267">267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGR1" title="EGR1">268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF281" title="ZNF281">281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF300" title="ZNF300">300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF318" title="ZNF318">318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF330" title="ZNF330">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF346" title="ZNF346">346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF350" title="ZNF350">350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF365" title="ZNF365">365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF366" title="ZNF366">366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF384" title="ZNF384">384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF423" title="ZNF423">423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF451" title="ZNF451">451</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF452" title="ZNF452">452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF471" title="ZNF471">471</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF593" title="ZNF593">593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF638" title="ZNF638">638</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF644" title="ZNF644">644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF649" title="ZNF649">649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF655" title="ZNF655">655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF804A" class="mw-redirect" title="ZNF804A">804A</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.4) Cys<sub>6</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIVEP1" title="HIVEP1">HIVEP1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.5) Alternating composition</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_regulator" title="Autoimmune regulator">AIRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIDO1" title="DIDO1">DIDO1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRLF1" title="GRLF1">GRLF1</a></li> <li><i>ING</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ING1" title="ING1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING2" title="ING2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING4" title="ING4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>JARID</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDM5A" title="KDM5A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDM5B" class="mw-redirect" title="KDM5B">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDM5C" title="KDM5C">1C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDM5D" title="KDM5D">1D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JARID2" title="JARID2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDM3B" title="KDM3B">JMJD1B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.6) WRKY</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WRKY_protein_domain" title="WRKY protein domain">WRKY</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(3)_Helix-turn-helix_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(3)</i> <a href="/wiki/Helix-turn-helix" title="Helix-turn-helix">Helix-turn-helix</a> <i>domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.1)</i> <a href="/wiki/Homeodomain_fold" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeodomain fold">Homeodomain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Antennapedia" title="Antennapedia">Antennapedia</a></i></span><br /><span class="nobold"><i>ANTP class</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>protoHOX</i></span><br /><span class="nobold"><i>Hox-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ParaHox" title="ParaHox">ParaHox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gsx_(gene_family)" title="Gsx (gene family)">Gsx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSX1" title="GSX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSX2" title="GSX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xlox" class="mw-redirect" title="Xlox">Xlox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PDX1" title="PDX1">PDX1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cdx" title="Cdx">Cdx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDX1" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDX2" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDX4_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX4 (gene)">4</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>extended Hox: <a href="/wiki/Evx1" title="Evx1">Evx1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evx2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evx2 (page does not exist)">Evx2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEOX1" title="MEOX1">MEOX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEOX2" title="MEOX2">MEOX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox" title="Homeobox">Homeobox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox_A1" title="Homeobox A1">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA2" title="HOXA2">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA3" title="HOXA3">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA4" title="HOXA4">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA5" title="HOXA5">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA7" title="HOXA7">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA9" title="HOXA9">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox_A10" title="Homeobox A10">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA11" title="HOXA11">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA13" title="HOXA13">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB1" title="HOXB1">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB2" title="HOXB2">B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB3" title="HOXB3">B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB4" title="HOXB4">B4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB5" title="HOXB5">B5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB6" title="HOXB6">B6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB7" title="HOXB7">B7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB8" title="HOXB8">B8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB9" title="HOXB9">B9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB13" title="HOXB13">B13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC4" title="HOXC4">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC5" title="HOXC5">C5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC6" title="HOXC6">C6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC8" title="HOXC8">C8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC9" title="HOXC9">C9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC10" title="HOXC10">C10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC11" title="HOXC11">C11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC12" title="HOXC12">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC13" title="HOXC13">C13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD1" title="HOXD1">D1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD3" title="HOXD3">D3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD4" title="HOXD4">D4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD8" title="HOXD8">D8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD9" title="HOXD9">D9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD10" title="HOXD10">D10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD11" title="HOXD11">D11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD12" title="HOXD12">D12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD13" title="HOXD13">D13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GBX1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GBX1 (page does not exist)">GBX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBX2" title="GBX2">GBX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNX1" title="MNX1">MNX1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>metaHOX</i></span><br /><span class="nobold"><i>NK-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BARHL1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BARHL1 (page does not exist)">BARHL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BARHL2" title="BARHL2">BARHL2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BARX1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BARX1 (page does not exist)">BARX1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BARX2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BARX2 (page does not exist)">BARX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-specific_homeobox" title="Brain-specific homeobox">BSX</a></li> <li><i>DBX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DBX1" title="DBX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBX2" title="DBX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX_gene_family" title="DLX gene family">DLX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DLX1" title="DLX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX2" title="DLX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX3_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="DLX3 (gene)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX4" title="DLX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX5" title="DLX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX6" title="DLX6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EMX_homeogene" title="EMX homeogene">EMX</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EMX1" title="EMX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMX2" title="EMX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>EN</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EN1_(gene)" title="EN1 (gene)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN2_(gene)" title="EN2 (gene)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HHEX" title="HHEX">HHEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HLX_(gene)" title="HLX (gene)">HLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBX1" title="LBX1">LBX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBX2" title="LBX2">LBX2</a></li> <li><i>MSX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MSX1" class="mw-redirect" title="MSX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msh_homeobox_2" title="Msh homeobox 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox_protein_NANOG" title="Homeobox protein NANOG">NANOG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX-homeodomain_factor" title="NKX-homeodomain factor">NKX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NK2_homeobox_1" title="NK2 homeobox 1">2-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX2-2" title="NKX2-2">2-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX2-3" title="NKX2-3">2-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox_protein_Nkx-2.5" title="Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5">2-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX3-1" title="NKX3-1">3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX3-2" title="NKX3-2">3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMX1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMX1 (page does not exist)">HMX1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMX2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMX2 (page does not exist)">HMX2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMX3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMX3 (page does not exist)">HMX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX6-1" title="NKX6-1">6-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX6-2" title="NKX6-2">6-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notochord_homeobox_(NOTO)_gene" title="Notochord homeobox (NOTO) gene">NOTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLX1" title="TLX1">TLX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLX2" title="TLX2">TLX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLX3" title="TLX3">TLX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAX1" title="VAX1">VAX1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VAX2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VAX2 (page does not exist)">VAX2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">other</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristaless_related_homeobox" title="Aristaless related homeobox">ARX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRX_(gene)" title="CRX (gene)">CRX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUTL1" title="CUTL1">CUTL1</a></li> <li><i>FHL</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FHL1" title="FHL1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FHL2" title="FHL2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FHL3" title="FHL3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HESX1" title="HESX1">HESX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOPX" title="HOPX">HOPX</a></li> <li><i>LMX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LMX1A" title="LMX1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMX1B" title="LMX1B">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOBOX" title="NOBOX">NOBOX</a></li> <li>TALE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_homeobox_factor" title="Iroquois homeobox factor">IRX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRX1" title="IRX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX2" title="IRX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX3" title="IRX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX4" title="IRX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX5" title="IRX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX6" title="IRX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKX" title="MKX">MKX</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>MEIS</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MEIS1" title="MEIS1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEIS2" title="MEIS2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>PBX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBX1" title="PBX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBX2" title="PBX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBX3" title="PBX3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>PKNOX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PKNOX1" title="PKNOX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PKNOX2" title="PKNOX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>SIX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIX1" class="mw-redirect" title="SIX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX2" title="SIX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX3" title="SIX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX4" title="SIX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX5" title="SIX5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>PHF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PHF1" title="PHF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF3" title="PHF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF6" title="PHF6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF8" title="PHF8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF10" title="PHF10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF16" title="PHF16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF17" class="mw-redirect" title="PHF17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF20" title="PHF20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF21A" title="PHF21A">21A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU_domain" title="POU domain">POU domain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary-specific_positive_transcription_factor_1" title="Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1">PIT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRN-3" title="BRN-3">BRN-3</a>: <a href="/wiki/POU4F1" title="POU4F1">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU4F2" title="POU4F2">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU4F3" title="POU4F3">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octamer_transcription_factor" title="Octamer transcription factor">Octamer transcription factor</a>: <a href="/wiki/POU2F1" title="POU2F1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oct-2" title="Oct-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oct-4" title="Oct-4">3/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU3F1" title="POU3F1">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU3F2" title="POU3F2">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU3F4" title="POU3F4">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATB2" title="SATB2">SATB2</a></li> <li><i>ZEB</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZEB1" title="ZEB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZEB2" title="ZEB2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.2) Paired box</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pax_genes" title="Pax genes">PAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAX1" title="PAX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX2" title="PAX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX3" title="PAX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX4" title="PAX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX5" title="PAX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX6" title="PAX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX7" title="PAX7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX8" title="PAX8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX9" title="PAX9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li>PRRX <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PRRX1" title="PRRX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRRX2" title="PRRX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROP1" title="PROP1">PROP1</a></li> <li><i>PHOX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PHOX2A" title="PHOX2A">2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHOX2B" title="PHOX2B">2B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinal_homeobox_protein_Rx" title="Retinal homeobox protein Rx">RAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-stature_homeobox_gene" title="Short-stature homeobox gene">SHOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHOX2" title="SHOX2">SHOX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSX1" title="VSX1">VSX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSX2" title="VSX2">VSX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicoid_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicoid (gene)">Bicoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goosecoid_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Goosecoid protein">GSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BICD2" title="BICD2">BICD2</a></li> <li><i>OTX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OTX1" title="OTX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodenticle_homeobox_2" title="Orthodenticle homeobox 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>PITX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PITX1" title="PITX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PITX2" title="PITX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PITX3" title="PITX3">3</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.3)</i> <a href="/wiki/FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">Fork head</a> / <a href="/wiki/Winged-helix_transcription_factors" title="Winged-helix transcription factors">winged helix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E2F" title="E2F">E2F</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E2F1" title="E2F1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F2" title="E2F2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F3" title="E2F3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F4" title="E2F4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F5" title="E2F5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">FOX proteins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FOXA1" title="FOXA1">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXA2" title="FOXA2">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXA3" title="FOXA3">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXB1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXB1">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXB2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXB2 (page does not exist)">B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkhead_box_C1" title="Forkhead box C1">C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXC2" title="FOXC2">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXD1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXD1">D1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD2 (page does not exist)">D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXD3" title="FOXD3">D3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXD4" title="FOXD4">D4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L1 (page does not exist)">D4L1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L3 (page does not exist)">D4L3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L4 (page does not exist)">D4L4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L5 (page does not exist)">D4L5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L6 (page does not exist)">D4L6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXE1" title="FOXE1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXE3" title="FOXE3">E3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXF1" title="FOXF1">F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXF2" title="FOXF2">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXG1" title="FOXG1">G1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXH1" title="FOXH1">H1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXI1" title="FOXI1">I1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXI2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXI2 (page does not exist)">I2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXI3" title="FOXI3">I3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXJ1" title="FOXJ1">J1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXJ2" title="FOXJ2">J2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXJ3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXJ3 (page does not exist)">J3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXK1" title="FOXK1">K1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXK2" title="FOXK2">K2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXL1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXL1 (page does not exist)">L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkhead_box_L2" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkhead box L2">L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXM1" title="FOXM1">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXN1" title="FOXN1">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXN2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXN2 (page does not exist)">N2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXN3" title="FOXN3">N3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXN4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXN4 (page does not exist)">N4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXO1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXO1">O1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXO3" title="FOXO3">O3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXO4" title="FOXO4">O4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXO6" title="FOXO6">O6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXP1" title="FOXP1">P1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXP2" title="FOXP2">P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXP3" title="FOXP3">P3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXP4" title="FOXP4">P4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXQ1" title="FOXQ1">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXR1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXR1 (page does not exist)">R1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXR2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXR2 (page does not exist)">R2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXS1" title="FOXS1">S1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.4)</i> <a href="/wiki/Heat_shock_factor" title="Heat shock factor">Heat shock factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Heat_shock_factor" title="Heat shock factor">HSF</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSF1" class="mw-redirect" title="HSF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSF2" title="HSF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSF4" title="HSF4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.5) Tryptophan clusters</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ELF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ELF2" title="ELF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELF4" title="ELF4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELF5" title="ELF5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHF_(gene)" title="EHF (gene)">EHF</a></li> <li><i>ELK</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ELK1" title="ELK1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELK3" title="ELK3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELK4" title="ELK4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERF_(gene)" title="ERF (gene)">ERF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS_transcription_factor_family" title="ETS transcription factor family">ETS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETS1" title="ETS1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS2" title="ETS2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERG_(gene)" title="ERG (gene)">ERG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPIB" title="SPIB">SPIB</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ETV</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETV1" title="ETV1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETV4" title="ETV4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERM_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="ERM transcription factor">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETV6" title="ETV6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLI1" title="FLI1">FLI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_regulatory_factors" title="Interferon regulatory factors">Interferon regulatory factors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRF1" title="IRF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF2" title="IRF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF3" title="IRF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF4" title="IRF4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF5" title="IRF5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF6" title="IRF6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF7" title="IRF7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF8" title="IRF8">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYB_(gene)" title="MYB (gene)">MYB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYBL2" title="MYBL2">MYBL2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.6) TEA domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>transcriptional enhancer factor</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TEAD1" title="TEAD1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAD2" title="TEAD2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAD3" title="TEAD3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAD4" title="TEAD4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(4)_β-Scaffold_factors_with_minor_groove_contacts178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(4) <i>β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.1)</i> <a href="/wiki/Rel_homology_domain" title="Rel homology domain">Rel homology region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NF-%CE%BAB" title="NF-κB">NF-κB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFKB1" title="NFKB1">NFKB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFKB2" title="NFKB2">NFKB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REL" title="REL">REL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELA" title="RELA">RELA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELB" title="RELB">RELB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFAT" title="NFAT">NFAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFATC1" title="NFATC1">C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFATC2" title="NFATC2">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFATC3" title="NFATC3">C3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFATC4" title="NFATC4">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFAT5" title="NFAT5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.2)</i> <a href="/wiki/STAT_protein" title="STAT protein">STAT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STAT_protein" title="STAT protein">STAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STAT1" title="STAT1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT2" title="STAT2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT3" title="STAT3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT4" title="STAT4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT5" title="STAT5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT6" title="STAT6">6</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.3) p53-like</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P53_p63_p73_family" title="P53 p63 p73 family">p53 p63 p73 family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P53" title="P53">p53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TP63" title="TP63">TP63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P73" title="P73">p73</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-box" title="T-box">TBX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TBX1" title="TBX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX2" title="TBX2">2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX5_(gene)" title="TBX5 (gene)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX19" title="TBX19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX21" title="TBX21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX22" title="TBX22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBR1" title="TBR1">TBR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eomesodermin" title="Eomesodermin">TBR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachyury" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachyury">TFT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myelin_regulatory_factor" title="Myelin regulatory factor">MYRF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.4)</i> <a href="/wiki/MADS-box" title="MADS-box">MADS box</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mef2" title="Mef2">Mef2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myocyte-specific_enhancer_factor_2A" title="Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEF2B" title="MEF2B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEF2C" title="MEF2C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEF2D" title="MEF2D">D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serum_response_factor" title="Serum response factor">SRF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.6)</i> <a href="/wiki/TATA-binding_protein" title="TATA-binding protein">TATA-binding proteins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TATA-binding_protein" title="TATA-binding protein">TBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBPL1" title="TBPL1">TBPL1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.7)</i> <a href="/wiki/High-mobility_group" title="High-mobility group">High-mobility group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBX_(gene)" title="BBX (gene)">BBX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMG-box" title="HMG-box">HMGB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMGB1" title="HMGB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGB2" title="HMGB2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGB3" title="HMGB3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGB4" title="HMGB4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGN" title="HMGN">HMGN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMGN1" title="HMGN1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGN2" title="HMGN2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGN3" title="HMGN3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGN4" title="HMGN4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>HNF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HNF1A" title="HNF1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HNF1B" title="HNF1B">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX_gene_family" title="SOX gene family">SOX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SOX1" title="SOX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX2" title="SOX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX3" title="SOX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX4" title="SOX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX5" title="SOX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX6" title="SOX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX8" title="SOX8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX9" title="SOX9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX10" title="SOX10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX11" title="SOX11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX12" title="SOX12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX13" title="SOX13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX14" title="SOX14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX15" title="SOX15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX17" title="SOX17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX18" title="SOX18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX21" title="SOX21">21</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testis_determining_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis determining factor">SRY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_specific_recognition_protein_1" title="Structure specific recognition protein 1">SSRP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCF/LEF_family" title="TCF/LEF family">TCF/LEF</a> <ul><li><i>TCF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TCF7" title="TCF7">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCF3" title="TCF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCF7L2" title="TCF7L2">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphoid_enhancer-binding_factor_1" title="Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1">LEF1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>TOX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TOX" title="TOX">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOX2" title="TOX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOX3" title="TOX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOX4" title="TOX4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.9) Grainyhead</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TFCP2" title="TFCP2">TFCP2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.10) Cold-shock domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSDA_(gene)" title="CSDA (gene)">CSDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_box_binding_protein_1" title="Y box binding protein 1">YBX1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.11) Runt</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Core_binding_factor" title="Core binding factor">CBF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBFA2T2" title="CBFA2T2">CBFA2T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBFA2T3" title="CBFA2T3">CBFA2T3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUNX1" title="RUNX1">RUNX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUNX2" title="RUNX2">RUNX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUNX3" title="RUNX3">RUNX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUNX1T1" title="RUNX1T1">RUNX1T1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(0)_Other_transcription_factors178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i> (0) Other transcription factors</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.2) HMGI(Y)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMGA" title="HMGA">HMGA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMGA1" title="HMGA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGA2" title="HMGA2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBP1" title="HBP1">HBP1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.3)</i> <a href="/wiki/Pocket_protein_family" title="Pocket protein family">Pocket domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinoblastoma_protein" title="Retinoblastoma protein">Rb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoblastoma-like_protein_1" title="Retinoblastoma-like protein 1">RBL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoblastoma-like_protein_2" title="Retinoblastoma-like protein 2">RBL2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.5)</i> <a href="/wiki/Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">AP-2</a><i>/</i><a href="/wiki/Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a><i>-related factors</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">Apetala 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B3_domain" title="B3 domain">B3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.6) Miscellaneous</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ARID</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARID1A" title="ARID1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID1B" title="ARID1B">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID2" title="ARID2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID3A" title="ARID3A">3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID3B" title="ARID3B">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID4A" title="ARID4A">4A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catabolite_activator_protein" title="Catabolite activator protein">CAP</a></li> <li><i>IFI</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFI16" title="IFI16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFI35" title="IFI35">35</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLL_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL (gene)">MLL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MLL2" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLL3" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLLT1" title="MLLT1">T1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNDA" title="MNDA">MNDA</a></li> <li><i>NFY</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFYA" title="NFYA">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFYB" title="NFYB">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFYC" title="NFYC">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_factor" title="Rho factor">Rho</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sigma_factor" title="Sigma factor">Sigma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Transcription_factor_and_coregulator_deficiencies" title="Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies">transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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