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class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="كرومات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرومات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hromat" title="Hromat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hromat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromat" title="Cromat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cromat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromany" title="Chromany – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chromany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromat" title="Kromat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kromat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromate" title="Chromate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chromate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromato" title="Cromato – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cromato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کرومات و دی‌کرومات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرومات و دی‌کرومات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քրոմատներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրոմատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromat_dan_dikromat" title="Kromat dan dikromat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kromat dan dikromat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromato" title="Cromato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cromato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98" title="כרומט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרומט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaat_en_dichromaat" title="Chromaat en dichromaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chromaat en dichromaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A0%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9" title="クロム酸塩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロム酸塩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroomaat" title="Kroomaat – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kroomaat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromato_e_dicromato" title="Cromato e dicromato – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cromato e dicromato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromat" title="Cromat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cromat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Хроматы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хроматы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromate" title="Chromate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chromate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromaatti" title="Kromaatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kromaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromat" title="Kromat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kromat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="குரோமேற்று மற்றும் இருகுரோமேற்று – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குரோமேற்று மற்றும் இருகுரோமேற்று" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromat_ve_dikromat" title="Kromat ve dikromat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kromat ve dikromat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хромати – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хромати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the salts of the chromium(VI) anion. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chromate_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chromate (disambiguation)">Chromate</a>. See also for disambiguation of derived terms.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Chromite_(compound)" title="Chromite (compound)">chromite (compound)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monochromat" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromat">monochromat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dichromat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichromat">dichromat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichromat" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichromat">trichromat</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tetrachromat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrachromat">tetrachromat</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Chromate and dichromate </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chromate-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chromate-2D-dimensions.png/75px-Chromate-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chromate-2D-dimensions.png/113px-Chromate-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chromate-2D-dimensions.png/150px-Chromate-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dichromate-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The structure and bonding of the dichromate ion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Dichromate-2D-dimensions.png/150px-Dichromate-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Dichromate-2D-dimensions.png/225px-Dichromate-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Dichromate-2D-dimensions.png/300px-Dichromate-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chromate-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model of the chromate anion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chromate-3D-balls.png/75px-Chromate-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chromate-3D-balls.png/113px-Chromate-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Chromate-3D-balls.png/150px-Chromate-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dichromate-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Space-filling model of the dichromate anion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Dichromate-3D-balls.png/150px-Dichromate-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Dichromate-3D-balls.png/225px-Dichromate-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Dichromate-3D-balls.png/300px-Dichromate-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature#Systematic_name" title="Chemical nomenclature">Systematic IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">Chromate and dichromate</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>chromate: <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13907-45-4">13907-45-4</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li><li>dichromate: <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13907-47-6">13907-47-6</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>chromate: <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BO-%5D%5BCr%5D%28%3DO%29%28%3DO%29%5BO-%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li><li>dichromate: <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3D%5BCr%5D%28%3DO%29%28%5BO-%5D%29O%5BCr%5D%28%3DO%29%28%3DO%29%5BO-%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>chromate: <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=35404">CHEBI:35404</a></span></li><li>dichromate: <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=33141">CHEBI:33141</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>dichromate: <span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB14182">DB14182</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>chromate: <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24461">24461</a></span></li><li>dichromate: <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24503">24503</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>chromate: <span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/9S2Y101D6M">9S2Y101D6M</a></span></li><li>dichromate: <span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/9LKY4BFN2V">9LKY4BFN2V</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>chromate: <span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7065675">DTXSID7065675</a></span></li><li>dichromate: <span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5074004">DTXSID5074004</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">chromate: InChI=1S/Cr.4O/q;;;2*-1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">dichromate: InChI=1S/2Cr.7O/q;;;;;;;2*-1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">chromate: [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)[O-]</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">dichromate: O=[Cr](=O)([O-])O[Cr](=O)(=O)[O-]</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> and <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">7</sub></span></span></span>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>115.994 g mol<sup>−1</sup> and 215.988 g mol<sup>−1</sup>    </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conjugate_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugate acid">Conjugate acid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromic_acid" title="Chromic acid">Chromic acid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Chromate</b> salts contain the chromate anion, <span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span>. <b>Dichromate</b> salts contain the dichromate anion, <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">7</sub></span></span></span>. They are <a href="/wiki/Oxyanion" title="Oxyanion">oxyanions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> in the +6 <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">oxidation state</a> and are moderately strong <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizing agents</a>. In an <a href="/wiki/Aqueous" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueous">aqueous</a> <a href="/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry)">solution</a>, chromate and dichromate ions can be interconvertible. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemical_properties">Chemical properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chemical properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Potassium-chromate-sample.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="potassium chromate"><img alt="potassium chromate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Potassium-chromate-sample.jpg/200px-Potassium-chromate-sample.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Potassium-chromate-sample.jpg/300px-Potassium-chromate-sample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Potassium-chromate-sample.jpg/400px-Potassium-chromate-sample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1957" data-file-height="1468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chromate" title="Potassium chromate">potassium chromate</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Potassium-dichromate-sample.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="potassium dichromate"><img alt="potassium dichromate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Potassium-dichromate-sample.jpg/200px-Potassium-dichromate-sample.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Potassium-dichromate-sample.jpg/300px-Potassium-dichromate-sample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Potassium-dichromate-sample.jpg/400px-Potassium-dichromate-sample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1671" data-file-height="1253" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_dichromate" title="Potassium dichromate">potassium dichromate</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Chromates react with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a>, giving products in which <a href="/wiki/Peroxide" title="Peroxide">peroxide</a>, <span class="chemf nowrap">O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>, replaces one or more oxygen atoms. In acid solution the unstable blue peroxo complex <a href="/wiki/Chromium(VI)_oxide_peroxide" title="Chromium(VI) oxide peroxide">Chromium(VI) oxide peroxide</a>, CrO(O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, is formed; it is an uncharged <a href="/wiki/Covalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Covalent">covalent</a> molecule, which may be extracted into <a href="/wiki/Ether_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ether (chemistry)">ether</a>. Addition of <a href="/wiki/Pyridine" title="Pyridine">pyridine</a> results in the formation of the more stable complex CrO(O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>py.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acid–base_properties"><span id="Acid.E2.80.93base_properties"></span>Acid–base properties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Acid–base properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Predominance_diagram_Cr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Predominance_diagram_Cr.png/220px-Predominance_diagram_Cr.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Predominance_diagram_Cr.png/330px-Predominance_diagram_Cr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Predominance_diagram_Cr.png/440px-Predominance_diagram_Cr.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Predominance_diagram" title="Predominance diagram">Predominance diagram</a> for chromate</figcaption></figure> <p>In aqueous solution, chromate and dichromate anions exist in a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium" title="Chemical equilibrium">chemical equilibrium</a>. </p> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">2 CrO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>2−</span><span>4</span></span> + 2 H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup> ⇌ Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>2−</span><span>7</span></span> + H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Predominance_diagram" title="Predominance diagram">predominance diagram</a> shows that the position of the equilibrium depends on both <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> and the analytical concentration of chromium.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chromate ion is the predominant species in alkaline solutions, but dichromate can become the predominant ion in acidic solutions. </p><p>Further condensation reactions can occur in strongly acidic solution with the formation of <b>trichromates</b>, <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">10</sub></span></span></span>, and <b>tetrachromates</b>, <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">13</sub></span></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All poly<a href="/wiki/Oxyanions" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyanions">oxyanions</a> of chromium(VI) have structures made up of tetrahedral CrO<sub>4</sub> units sharing corners.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hydrogen chromate ion, HCrO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>, is a <a href="/wiki/Weak_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Weak acid">weak acid</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">HCrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> ⇌ <span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> + H<sup>+</sup>;<span class="nowrap">     </span> p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> ≈ 5.9</dd></dl> <p>It is also in equilibrium with the dichromate ion: </p> <dl><dd>2 <span class="chemf nowrap">HCrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> ⇌ <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">7</sub></span></span></span> + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>This equilibrium does not involve a change in hydrogen ion concentration, which would predict that the equilibrium is independent of pH. The red line on the predominance diagram is not quite horizontal due to the simultaneous equilibrium with the chromate ion. The hydrogen chromate ion may be protonated, with the formation of molecular <a href="/wiki/Chromic_acid" title="Chromic acid">chromic acid</a>, H<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>, but the <a href="/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant" title="Acid dissociation constant">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a> for the equilibrium </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub> ⇌ HCrO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span> + H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span></dd></dl> <p>is not well characterized. Reported values vary between about −0.8 and 1.6.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dichromate ion is a somewhat weaker base than the chromate ion:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">HCr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>7</span></span> ⇌ Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>2−</span><span>7</span></span> + H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup></span>,<span class="nowrap">     </span> p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> = 1.18</dd></dl> <p>The p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> value for this reaction shows that it can be ignored at pH > 4. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxidation–reduction_properties"><span id="Oxidation.E2.80.93reduction_properties"></span>Oxidation–reduction properties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Oxidation–reduction properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chromate and dichromate ions are fairly strong <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizing agents</a>. Commonly three electrons are added to a chromium atom, <a href="/wiki/Reduction_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reduction (chemistry)">reducing</a> it to oxidation state +3. In acid solution the aquated Cr<sup>3+</sup> ion is produced. </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">7</sub></span></span></span> + 14 H<sup>+</sup> + 6 e<sup>−</sup> → 2 Cr<sup>3+</sup> + 7 H<sub>2</sub>O<span class="nowrap">     </span> <i>ε</i><sub>0</sub> = 1.33 V</dd></dl> <p>In alkaline solution chromium(III) hydroxide is produced. The <a href="/wiki/Redox_potential" class="mw-redirect" title="Redox potential">redox potential</a> shows that chromates are weaker oxidizing agent in alkaline solution than in acid solution.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> + 4 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span> + 3 e<sup>−</sup> → <span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(OH)<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span> + 5 <span class="chemf nowrap">OH<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span><span class="nowrap">     </span> <i>ε</i><sub>0</sub> = −0.13 V</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg/220px-Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg/330px-Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg/440px-Laidlaw_school_bus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/School_bus" title="School bus">School bus</a> painted in <a href="/wiki/Chrome_yellow" title="Chrome yellow">Chrome yellow</a><sup id="cite_ref-Yellow_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yellow-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Approximately 136,000 tonnes (150,000 tons) of <a href="/wiki/Hexavalent_chromium" title="Hexavalent chromium">hexavalent chromium</a>, mainly sodium dichromate, were produced in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chromates and dichromates are used in <a href="/wiki/Chrome_plating" title="Chrome plating">chrome plating</a> to protect metals from corrosion and to improve paint adhesion. Chromate and dichromate salts of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">lanthanides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth metals</a> are only very slightly soluble in water and are thus used as pigments. The lead-containing pigment <a href="/wiki/Chrome_yellow" title="Chrome yellow">chrome yellow</a> was used for a very long time before environmental regulations discouraged its use.<sup id="cite_ref-Yellow_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yellow-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When used as oxidizing agents or titrants in a <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">redox</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reaction</a>, chromates and dichromates convert into trivalent chromium, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, salts of which typically have a distinctively different blue-green color.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_occurrence_and_production">Natural occurrence and production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Natural occurrence and production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/220px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/330px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg/440px-Crocoite_from_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Crocoite specimen from the Red Lead Mine, <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The primary chromium ore is the mixed metal oxide <a href="/wiki/Chromite" title="Chromite">chromite</a>, FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, found as brittle metallic black crystals or granules. Chromite ore is heated with a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a> in the presence of air. The chromium is oxidized to the hexavalent form, while the iron forms iron(III) oxide, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: </p> <dl><dd>4 FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> + 8 Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + 7 O<sub>2</sub> → 8 Na<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> + 2 Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 8 CO<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Subsequent leaching of this material at higher temperatures dissolves the chromates, leaving a residue of insoluble iron oxide. Normally the chromate solution is further processed to make chromium metal, but a chromate salt may be obtained directly from the liquor.<sup id="cite_ref-IndMin_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndMin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chromate containing minerals are rare. <a href="/wiki/Crocoite" title="Crocoite">Crocoite</a>, PbCrO<sub>4</sub>, which can occur as spectacular long red crystals, is the most commonly found chromate mineral. Rare potassium chromate minerals and related compounds are found in the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a>. Among them is <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3pezite" title="Lópezite">lópezite</a> – the only known dichromate mineral.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hexavalent_chromium#Toxicity" title="Hexavalent chromium">Hexavalent chromium § Toxicity</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hexavalent_chromium" title="Hexavalent chromium">Hexavalent chromium</a> compounds can be <a href="/wiki/Toxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic">toxic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carcinogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinogenic">carcinogenic</a> (<a href="/wiki/IARC_Group_1" class="mw-redirect" title="IARC Group 1">IARC Group 1</a>). Inhaling particles of hexavalent chromium compounds can cause <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>. Also positive associations have been observed between exposure to <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(VI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium (VI)">chromium (VI)</a> compounds and <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nose" title="Nose">nose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasal_sinuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal sinuses">nasal sinuses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-book100C_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book100C-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of chromate compounds in manufactured goods is restricted in the EU (and by market commonality the rest of the world) by EU Parliament directive on the <a href="/wiki/Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directive" title="Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive">Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive (2002/95/EC)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromate_conversion_coating" title="Chromate conversion coating">Chromate conversion coating</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pCr is equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of the <a href="/wiki/Molar_concentration" title="Molar concentration">molar concentration</a> of chromium. Thus, when pCr = 2, the chromium concentration is 10<sup>−2</sup> mol/L.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenwood" title="Norman Greenwood">Greenwood, Norman N.</a>; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. p. 637. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8"><bdi>978-0-08-037941-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.pages=637&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-08-037941-8&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazarchukSiidraCharkinKalmykov2021" class="citation journal cs1">Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Charkin, Dmitry O.; Kalmykov, Stepan N.; Kotova, Elena L. (2021-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zkri-2020-0078/html">"Effect of solution acidity on the crystallization of polychromates in uranyl-bearing systems: synthesis and crystal structures of Rb2[(UO2)(Cr2O7)(NO3)2] and two new polymorphs of Rb2Cr3O10"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials</i>. <b>236</b> (1–2): 11–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fzkri-2020-0078">10.1515/zkri-2020-0078</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2196-7105">2196-7105</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231808339">231808339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Kristallographie+-+Crystalline+Materials&rft.atitle=Effect+of+solution+acidity+on+the+crystallization+of+polychromates+in+uranyl-bearing+systems%3A+synthesis+and+crystal+structures+of+Rb2%5B%28UO2%29%28Cr2O7%29%28NO3%292%5D+and+two+new+polymorphs+of+Rb2Cr3O10&rft.volume=236&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=11-21&rft.date=2021-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A231808339%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2196-7105&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fzkri-2020-0078&rft.aulast=Nazarchuk&rft.aufirst=Evgeny+V.&rft.au=Siidra%2C+Oleg+I.&rft.au=Charkin%2C+Dmitry+O.&rft.au=Kalmykov%2C+Stepan+N.&rft.au=Kotova%2C+Elena+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fzkri-2020-0078%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenwood" title="Norman Greenwood">Greenwood, Norman N.</a>; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. p. 1009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8"><bdi>978-0-08-037941-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.pages=1009&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-08-037941-8&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acadsoft.co.uk/scdbase/scdbase.htm">IUPAC SC-Database</a>. A comprehensive database of published data on equilibrium constants of metal complexes and ligands.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritoAscanioa,_J.Mateoa,_S.Hernándeza,_C.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Brito, F.; Ascanioa, J.; Mateoa, S.; Hernándeza, C.; Araujoa, L.; Gili, P.; Martín-Zarzab, P.; Domínguez, S.; Mederos, A. (1997). "Equilibria of chromate(VI) species in acid medium and ab initio studies of these species". <i>Polyhedron</i>. <b>16</b> (21): 3835–3846. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0277-5387%2897%2900128-9">10.1016/S0277-5387(97)00128-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polyhedron&rft.atitle=Equilibria+of+chromate%28VI%29+species+in+acid+medium+and+ab+initio+studies+of+these+species&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=3835-3846&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0277-5387%2897%2900128-9&rft.aulast=Brito&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Ascanioa%2C+J.&rft.au=Mateoa%2C+S.&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndeza%2C+C.&rft.au=Araujoa%2C+L.&rft.au=Gili%2C+P.&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADn-Zarzab%2C+P.&rft.au=Dom%C3%ADnguez%2C+S.&rft.au=Mederos%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HollemanAF-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollemanWiberg2001" class="citation cs2">Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), <i>Inorganic Chemistry</i>, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-352651-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-352651-5"><bdi>0-12-352651-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.place=San+Diego%2FBerlin&rft.pub=Academic+Press%2FDe+Gruyter&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-12-352651-5&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+Frederik&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Egon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yellow-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yellow_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yellow_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorobecHogue,_Cheryl1992" class="citation book cs1">Worobec, Mary Devine; Hogue, Cheryl (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CjWQ6_7AnI4C&pg=PA13"><i>Toxic Substances Controls Guide: Federal Regulation of Chemicals in the Environment</i></a>. 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Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a07_067">10.1002/14356007.a07_067</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3527306730" title="Special:BookSources/3527306730"><bdi>3527306730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chromium+Compounds&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a07_067&rft.isbn=3527306730&rft.aulast=Anger&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=Halstenberg%2C+Jost&rft.au=Hochgeschwender%2C+Klaus&rft.au=Scherhag%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Korallus%2C+Ulrich&rft.au=Knopf%2C+Herbert&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Peter&rft.au=Ohlinger%2C+Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndMin-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndMin_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPappLipin_Bruce_R.2006" class="citation book cs1">Papp, John F.; Lipin Bruce R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA309">"Chromite"</a>. <i>Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses</i> (7th ed.). SME. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87335-233-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87335-233-8"><bdi>978-0-87335-233-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chromite&rft.btitle=Industrial+Minerals+%26+Rocks%3A+Commodities%2C+Markets%2C+and+Uses&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=SME&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87335-233-8&rft.aulast=Papp&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft.au=Lipin+Bruce+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzNicdkuulE4C%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org">"Mines, Minerals and More"</a>. <i>www.mindat.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mindat.org&rft.atitle=Mines%2C+Minerals+and+More&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book100C-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-book100C_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIARC2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">IARC</a> (2012) [17–24 March 2009]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317095517/https://publications.iarc.fr/_publications/media/download/3026/50ed50733f7d1152d91b30a803619022ef098d59.pdf"><i>Volume 100C: Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-832-0135-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-832-0135-9"><bdi>978-92-832-0135-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.iarc.fr/_publications/media/download/3026/50ed50733f7d1152d91b30a803619022ef098d59.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-05</span></span>. <q>There is <i>sufficient evidence</i> in humans for the <a href="/wiki/Carcinogenicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinogenicity">carcinogenicity</a> of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds cause cancer of the lung. Also positive associations have been observed between exposure to chromium (VI) compounds and cancer of the nose and nasal sinuses. There is <i>sufficient evidence</i> in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds are <i>carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volume+100C%3A+Arsenic%2C+Metals%2C+Fibres%2C+and+Dusts&rft.place=Lyon&rft.pub=International+Agency+for+Research+on+Cancer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-92-832-0135-9&rft.au=IARC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.iarc.fr%2F_publications%2Fmedia%2Fdownload%2F3026%2F50ed50733f7d1152d91b30a803619022ef098d59.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromate+and+dichromate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromate_and_dichromate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npi.gov.au/substances/chromium-vi/index.html">National Pollutant Inventory - Chromium(VI) and compounds fact sheet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zP9qEiaL4kQ">Demonstration of chromate-dichromate equilibrium</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chromium_compounds" title="Template:Chromium compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chromium_compounds" title="Template talk:Chromium compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chromium_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chromium compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chromium_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chromium_compounds" title="Chromium compounds">Chromium compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chromium(0)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_hexacarbonyl" title="Chromium hexacarbonyl"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(CO)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organochromium(0)_compounds" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organochromium(0) compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bis(benzene)chromium" title="Bis(benzene)chromium"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(Benzene)chromium_tricarbonyl" title="(Benzene)chromium tricarbonyl"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrC<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>(CO)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chromium(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(I)_hydride" title="Chromium(I) hydride">CrH</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organochromium(I)_compounds" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organochromium(I) compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadienylchromium_tricarbonyl_dimer" title="Cyclopentadienylchromium tricarbonyl dimer"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(CO)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chromium(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_hydride" title="Chromium(II) hydride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_carbide" title="Chromium(II) carbide"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_oxalate" title="Chromium(II) oxalate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_acetate" title="Chromium(II) acetate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_silicide" title="Chromium(II) silicide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrSi<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_oxide" title="Chromium(II) oxide">CrO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_sulfide" title="Chromium(II) sulfide">CrS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_sulfate" title="Chromium(II) sulfate"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrSO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_selenide" title="Chromium(II) selenide">CrSe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_fluoride" title="Chromium(II) fluoride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_chloride" title="Chromium(II) chloride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_bromide" title="Chromium(II) bromide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrBr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_iodide" title="Chromium(II) iodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organochromium(II)_compounds" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organochromium(II) compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromocene" title="Chromocene"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chromium(II, III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_carbide" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium carbide"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chromium(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_boride" title="Chromium(III) boride">CrB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_acetate" title="Chromium(III) acetate"><span class="chemf nowrap">[Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>O(CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>(H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup>[CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_nitride" title="Chromium nitride">CrN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium nitrate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_phosphate" title="Chromium(III) phosphate"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrPO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_oxide" title="Chromium(III) oxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_hydroxide" title="Chromium(III) hydroxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_sulfide" title="Chromium(III) sulfide"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_sulfate" title="Chromium(III) sulfate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(SO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_telluride" title="Chromium(III) telluride"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Te<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_fluoride" title="Chromium(III) fluoride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_chloride" title="Chromium(III) chloride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_perchlorate" title="Chromium(III) perchlorate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_bromide" title="Chromium(III) bromide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrBr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_iodide" title="Chromium(III) iodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chromium(IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_silicide" title="Chromium(IV) silicide">CrSi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_oxide" title="Chromium(IV) oxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_fluoride" title="Chromium(IV) fluoride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_chloride" title="Chromium(IV) chloride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_bromide" title="Chromium(IV) bromide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrBr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium(IV) iodide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrI<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chromium(V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_tetraperoxochromate(V)" title="Potassium tetraperoxochromate(V)"> <span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Cr(O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_pentafluoride" title="Chromium pentafluoride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hexavalent_chromium" title="Hexavalent chromium">Chromium(VI)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_trioxide" title="Chromium trioxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(VI)_oxide_peroxide" title="Chromium(VI) oxide peroxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO(O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromic_acid" title="Chromic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span>/<span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromyl_fluoride" title="Chromyl fluoride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_oxytetrafluoride" title="Chromium oxytetrafluoride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrOF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromyl_chloride" title="Chromyl chloride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromyl_bromide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromyl bromide (page does not exist)"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Br<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyridinium_chlorochromate" title="Pyridinium chlorochromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">[C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>NH]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Cl<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chromium_hexafluoride" title="Chromium hexafluoride"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a> (hypothetical)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polyatomic_ion" title="Polyatomic ion">Polyatomic ion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chromate and dichromate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chromates_and_dichromates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chromates_and_dichromates" title="Template:Chromates and dichromates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chromates_and_dichromates" title="Template talk:Chromates and dichromates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chromates_and_dichromates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chromates and dichromates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chromates_and_dichromates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chromates and dichromates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chromates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chromate" title="Sodium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chromate" title="Potassium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesium_chromate" title="Caesium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cs<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_chromate" title="Beryllium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">BeCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chromate" title="Magnesium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">MgCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_chromate" title="Calcium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">CaCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_chromate" title="Strontium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">SrCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_chromate" title="Barium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">BaCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_chromate" title="Iron(III) chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_chromate" title="Nickel(II) chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">NiCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_chromate" title="Silver chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ag<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_chromate" title="Zinc chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">ZnCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_chromate" title="Cadmium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">CdCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_chromate" title="Lead(II) chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">PbCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_orange" title="Chrome orange"><span class="chemf nowrap">Pb<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chromate" title="Ammonium chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">[NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>]<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chlorochromates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chlorochromate" title="Potassium chlorochromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">KCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Cl</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyridinium_chlorochromate" title="Pyridinium chlorochromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">[C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>NH]CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Cl</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chromate_ester" title="Chromate ester">Chromate esters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Di-tert-butyl_chromate" title="Di-tert-butyl chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(OC(CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_catalyst" title="Phillips catalyst"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(OSi(OCH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dichromates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_dichromate" title="Sodium dichromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_dichromate" title="Potassium dichromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_dichromate" title="Silver dichromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ag<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_dichromate" title="Ammonium dichromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">[NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>]<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornforth_reagent" title="Cornforth reagent"><span class="chemf nowrap">[C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>NH]<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Related</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromic_acid" title="Chromic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span>/<span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_chromate" title="Europium(III) chromate"><span class="chemf nowrap">EuCrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium(VI)_oxide_peroxide" title="Chromium(VI) oxide peroxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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