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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Important rabbi in 17th c. Amsterdam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #ADD8E6; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Saul Levi Morteira</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Saul_Levi_Morteira.GIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Saul_Levi_Morteira.GIF/220px-Saul_Levi_Morteira.GIF" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Saul_Levi_Morteira.GIF 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="468" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Illustration of Morteira, 1912</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ADD8E6; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1596<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 February 1660<span style="display:none">(1660-02-10)</span> (aged 63–64)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saul Levi Morteira</b> or <b>Mortera</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1596  – 10 February 1660) was a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. He was born in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, so he was neither a <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazic_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazic Jews">Ashkenazic</a> Jew. He became a prominent figure in the city's community of exiled <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> Jews. His polemical writings against Catholicism had wide circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Levi_Morteira&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morteira was a student of prominent Italian rabbi <a href="/wiki/Leon_de_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon de Modena">Leon de Modena</a>. In a Spanish poem <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Barrios" title="Miguel de Barrios">Daniel Levi de Barrios</a> speaks of him as being a native of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> ("<i>de Alemania natural</i>"). From the age of thirteen, Morteira accompanied <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Montalto" title="Elijah Montalto">Elijah Montalto</a> to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and served as his secretary at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> until 1616. When Montalto died, Morteira escorted the body of the physician from France to Amsterdam, where a Jewish community had been openly established and he could have a Jewish burial.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Amsterdam he married a poor Jewish orphan, whose dowry was provided by a Jewish charity for poor women. This marital pattern was typical for rabbis in Amsterdam at the time. Rabbis were not desirable candidates for marriage into rich Sephardi families. The fact that Morteira was from Venice and not a Sephardi Jew might have also been a factor, despite his eminence as a rabbi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sephardic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congregation_Beth_Jaacob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congregation Beth Jaacob (page does not exist)">Congregation Beth Jaacob</a> ("House of Jacob") in Amsterdam elected him <i><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">hakham</a></i> in succession to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moses_ben_Aroyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moses ben Aroyo (page does not exist)">Moses ben Aroyo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morteira was the founder of the congregational school Keter Torah, in the highest class of which he taught <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Jewish philosophy</a>. He was the senior rabbi when the three Amsterdam congregations merged in 1639, outranking <a href="/wiki/Menasseh_Ben_Israel" title="Menasseh Ben Israel">Menasseh Ben Israel</a>, and receiving an annual remuneration of 600 guilders. The two rabbis had strong differences of opinion. Morteira was fiercely anti-Christian, while Ben Israel sought to bridge the religious divide between Jews and Christians, particularly dissenting Protestants. Their feuding prompted the intervention of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amad" title="Ma'amad">Mahamad</a></i>, the political arm of the community, to prevent the rabbis' disputes from becoming open and a source of instability in the congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his most notable pupils were <a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Mordecai_Zacuto" title="Moses ben Mordecai Zacuto">Moses Zacuto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Cohen_Pimentel" title="Abraham Cohen Pimentel">Abraham Cohen Pimentel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>. </p><p>Morteira was concerned about members of the congregation violating Jewish law and questioning rabbinic authority. He instigated an investigation against physician Daniel de Prado (also known as Dr. Juan de Prado, born in Andalusia c. 1614),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who held deist beliefs, and Daniel de Ribeira, a Catalan convert to Judaism, then apostate from it.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both "held a deprecatory and cynical view of the Law of Moses", doubted the divine nature of Scripture, and argued against the immortality of the soul. Their views influenced Spinoza.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morteira and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Aboab_da_Fonseca" title="Isaac Aboab da Fonseca">Isaac da Fonseca Aboab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Menasseh_Ben_Israel" title="Menasseh Ben Israel">Manasseh ben Israel</a> was at that time in England) were members of the <i>Mahamad</i> which on 27 July 1656 pronounced the decree of <i><a href="/wiki/Herem_(censure)" title="Herem (censure)">cherem</a></i> (excommunication) against Spinoza.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Levi_Morteira&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of Morteira's pupils published <i>Gibeat Shaul</i> (Amsterdam, 1645), a collection of fifty sermons on the <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a>, selected from 500 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derashot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derashot (page does not exist)">derashot</a> written by Morteira.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morteira wrote in Spanish <i>Tractado de la Verdad de la Ley</i> (translated into <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Gomez_de_Gosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac Gomez de Gosa (page does not exist)">Isaac Gomez de Gosa</a> under the title <i>Torat Moshch</i>, in 66 chapters), apologetics of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and attacks against <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. This work (excerpts from which are given in <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Basnage" title="Jacques Basnage">Jacques Basnage</a>, <i>Histoire de la Religion des Juifs</i>) and other writings of Morteira, on immortality, revelation, etc., are still in manuscript. </p><p>Morteira's polemical sermons in Hebrew against the Catholic Church were published,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his Portuguese writings against Calvinism remained unpublished.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Levi_Morteira&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bodian, Miriam. <i>Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1997, p 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Méchoulan, Henry (1991) <i>Être juif à Amsterdam au temps de Spinoza</i>, p 178 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "Saul Levi Mortera en zijn Traktaat betreffende de Waarheid van de wet van Mozes, Braga, 1988."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bodian, <i>Hebrews of the Jewish Nation</i>, 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPopkin1991" class="citation book cs1">Popkin, Richard H. (1991). <i>The Third Force in Seventeenth Century Thought</i>. Leiden: Brill. p. 155.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Force+in+Seventeenth+Century+Thought&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Popkin&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaul+Levi+Morteira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bodian, <i>Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation</i>, 170, note 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutschMannheimer1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Deutsch, Gotthard; Mannheimer, S. (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11031-morteira-mortera-saul-levi">"Morteira (Mortera), Saul Levi"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 9. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Morteira+%28Mortera%29%2C+Saul+Levi&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Gotthard&rft.au=Mannheimer%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F11031-morteira-mortera-saul-levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaul+Levi+Morteira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Israel, Jonathan I. <i>Spinoza, Life and Legacy</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2023, 53-54, 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Israel, Jonathan, <i>Spinoza, Life and Legacy</i>, 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Israel , <i>Spinoza</i>, 56-57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swetschinski, Daniel M. <i>Reluctant Cosmopolitans: The Portuguese Jews of Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam</i>. London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization 2000, 271-74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studies in Jewish manuscripts</i> Joseph Dan, Klaus Herrmann, Johanna Hoornweg Page 171 1999 "In this way they gathered material, in the hope that their collection would impel Morteira to consent to publication. Eventually he decided to support the project.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Exile in Amsterdam: Saul Levi Morteira's sermons to a congregation</i> Marc Saperstein Page 254 2005 "Although Morteira spoke in Portuguese and published in Hebrew, offensive or impertinent statements could become known ... to Dutch Calvinism as well, the main thrust of Morteira's polemic in his sermons is against the Catholic Church.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Union_College_Annual" title="Hebrew Union College Annual">Hebrew Union College Annual</a></i> Volumes 70-71 David Philipson - 2001 "Only later, in his unpublished Portuguese polemical work on the eternity of the Torah, did Morteira take up the cudgels against Calvin himself.9 Why was it important to polemicize against a form of Christianity that the members of his ."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Levi_Morteira&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Herman Prins Salomon: “O haham Saul Levi Mortera e a vaca vermelha” (Pará Adumá), pp. 83–104</li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutschMannheimer1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Deutsch, Gotthard; Mannheimer, S. (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11031-morteira-mortera-saul-levi">"Morteira (Mortera), Saul Levi"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 9. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Morteira+%28Mortera%29%2C+Saul+Levi&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Gotthard&rft.au=Mannheimer%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F11031-morteira-mortera-saul-levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaul+Levi+Morteira" class="Z3988"></span> Its bibliography: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berthold_Auerbach" title="Berthold Auerbach">Auerbach, Berthold</a>, <i>Spinozas Werke</i>, vol. i, pp. xxiv. et seq., Stuttgart, 1871;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Joseph_David_Azulai" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Joseph David Azulai">Azulai, C.J.D.</a>, <i>Shem ha-Gedolim</i>, ii.17, Warsaw, 1876;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Benjacob" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Benjacob">Isaac Benjacob</a>, <i>Oẓar ha-Sefarim</i>, p. 93;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Freudenthal" title="Jacob Freudenthal">Freudenthal, Jacob</a>, <i>Die Lebensgeschichte Spinozas</i>, pp. 4–11, 113–114, et passim, Leipzig, 1899;</li> <li>—, <i>Spinoza, Sein Leben</i>, 1904, i;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_F%C3%BCrst" title="Julius Fürst">Fürst, Julius</a>, <i>Bibliotheca Judaica</i> ii.391;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gr%C3%A4tz" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Grätz">Grätz, Heinrich</a>, <i>Geschichte der Juden</i> ix.503; x.9-11, 169, 175, ib. 1868;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Kayserling" title="Meyer Kayserling">Kayserling, Meyer</a>, <i>Geschichte der Juden in Portugal</i>, pp. 275, 310, ib. 1867 (available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7S0rYUA2kIwC&q=kayserling+%22geschichte+der+juden%22&pg=PP7">here</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Steinschneider" title="Moritz Steinschneider">Steinschneider, Moritz</a>, <i>Catalogus Librorum Hebræorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana</i> cols. 2508–2509;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Wolf" title="Johann Christoph Wolf">Wolf, Johann Christoph</a>, <i>Bibliotheca Hebræa</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Levi_Morteira&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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