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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Características_principais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Características_principais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Características principais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Características_principais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicações" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicações"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aplicações</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicações-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abundância_e_obtenção" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abundância_e_obtenção"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Abundância e obtenção</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abundância_e_obtenção-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propriedades_químicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriedades_químicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Propriedades químicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriedades_químicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precauções" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precauções"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Precauções</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precauções-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Germânio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 144 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ጀርማኒየም — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርማኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chermanio" title="Chermanio — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chermanio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جيرمانيوم — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xermaniu" title="Xermaniu — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xermaniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम — awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="ژرمانیوم — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژرمانیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rmanium" title="Gérmanium — balinês" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gérmanium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermaniyo" title="Hermaniyo — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hermaniyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Германій — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Германій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Герман — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Герман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဇျာမေနီယမ် — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဇျာမေနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="জার্মেনিয়াম — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মেনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མི་ནིམ། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མི་ནིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniom" title="Germaniom — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Germaniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Germanij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="جێرمانیۆم — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جێرمانیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniwm" title="Germaniwm — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Germaniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γερμάνιο — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμάνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniumo" title="Germaniumo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germaniumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ژرمانیم — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژرمانیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — feroês" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermani" title="Gjermani — friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjermani" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearm%C3%A1iniam" title="Gearmáiniam — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gearmáiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearmainium" title="Gearmainium — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gearmainium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xermanio" title="Xermanio — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xermanio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="જર્મેનિયમ — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મેનિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanium" title="Germaanium — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Germaanium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גרמניום — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Germanij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A8many%C3%B2m" title="Jèmanyòm — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jèmanyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Germánium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գերմանիում — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ゲルマニウム — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲルマニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotyjinme" title="dotyjinme — lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotyjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniyum" title="Germaniyum — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Germaniyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გერმანიუმი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%9Br%C9%A9man%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Zɛrɩmanɩyɔm — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Zɛrɩmanɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜರ್ಮೇನಿಯಮ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮೇನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EB%A7%88%EB%8A%84" title="저마늄 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저마늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany%C3%BBm" title="Germanyûm — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Germanyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniom" title="Germaniom — córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Germaniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A0nio" title="Germànio — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Germànio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanis" title="Germanis — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Germanis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C4%81nijs" title="Germānijs — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Germānijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermani%C3%B4ma" title="Zermaniôma — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zermaniôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Германиум — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ജെർമേനിയം — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെർമേനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Германи — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Германи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျာမေနီယမ် — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမေနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਜਰਮੇਨੀਅਮ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮੇਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम — páli" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="páli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani_(element)" title="Germani (element) — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Germani (element)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="جرمینیم — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرمانيوم — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمانيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhirmanyu" title="Qhirmanyu — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhirmanyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu — aromeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Germaniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="जर्मेनियम — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जर्मेनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A0niu" title="Germàniu — sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Germàniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girmaniu" title="Girmaniu — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Girmaniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanijum" title="Germanijum — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Germanijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Germánium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Germanij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermaaniyaam" title="Jermaaniyaam — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jermaaniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniumi" title="Germaniumi — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Germaniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Германијум — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Германијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rmanium" title="Gérmanium — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gérmanium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerimani" title="Gerimani — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gerimani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="செருமேனியம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செருமேனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="జెర్మేనియం — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జెర్మేనియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เจอร์เมเนียม — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจอร์เมเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermanyo" title="Hermanyo — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hermanyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyum" title="Germanyum — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Germanyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Германий — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Германий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="گېرمانىي — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گېرمانىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Германій — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Германій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="جرمانیئم — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمانیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniy" title="Germaniy — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Germaniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanii_(himine_element)" title="Germanii (himine element) — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Germanii (himine element)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyo" title="Germanyo — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Germanyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Германион — kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Германион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גערמאניום — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גערמאניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81rm%C3%A1n%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%C3%B9" title="Jẹ́rmáníọ́mù — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jẹ́rmáníọ́mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BA" title="鍺 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鍺" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Germanium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%BA" title="鍺 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鍺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmGwangaza" title="UmGwangaza — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmGwangaza" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q867#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Germ%C3%A2nio" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Germ%C3%A2nio" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&oldid=65668075" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Germ%C3%A2nio&id=65668075&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGerm%25C3%25A2nio"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGerm%25C3%25A2nio"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Sem_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo ou secção contém <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes#Referências_no_fim" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">uma lista de referências no fim do texto</a>, mas as suas fontes não são claras porque <b>não são <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes#Referências_no_texto" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">citadas no corpo do artigo</a></b>, o que <b>compromete a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">confiabilidade</a></b> das informações.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit">melhorar</a></span> este artigo <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserindo citações no corpo do artigo</a>.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Junho de 2009</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox_v2" cellspacing="7" border="0" style="padding: 0.1em; width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr class="topo" style="font-size:150%; background-color:#cccc99;"> <td width="10%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td width="80%" style="color:black;">Germânio </td> <td width="10%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/32px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/48px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/64px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="background:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio">Gálio</a> ← <b>Germânio</b> → <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%AAnio" title="Arsênio">Arsênio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício">Si</a> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="5"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/44px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/66px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/88px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1002" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"> <br />32</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>Ge</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9nio" title="Oxigénio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Flúor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforo" title="Fósforo"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Enxofre" title="Enxofre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rgon" title="Árgon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lcio" title="Cálcio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%A2ndio" title="Escândio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1dio" title="Vanádio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B4mio" class="mw-redirect" title="Crômio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float: left; width: 5px; height: 7px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;border:1px solid black"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%AAnio" title="Arsênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%AAnio" title="Selênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADpton" title="Crípton"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdio" title="Rubídio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%B4ncio" title="Estrôncio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtrio" title="Ítrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirc%C3%B4nio" title="Zircônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Molibd%C3%AAnio" title="Molibdênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Tecn%C3%A9cio" title="Tecnécio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dio" title="Ródio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dio" title="Paládio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1dmio" title="Cádmio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Índio (elemento químico)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B4nio" title="Antimônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BArio" title="Telúrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B4nio" title="Xenônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; 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<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Nip%C3%B3nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipónio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vio" title="Fleróvio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3vio" title="Moscóvio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesso" title="Tenesso"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ogan%C3%A9sson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganésson"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↑ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>Ge</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↓ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho">Sn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">Tabela completa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_estendida" title="Tabela periódica estendida">Tabela estendida</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Aparência </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">branco acinzentado<br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg/230px-Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg/345px-Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg/460px-Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span><br /><small>Pedaço de 12 <a href="/wiki/Grama" title="Grama">gramas</a> de germânio policristalino, 2cm<sup>3</sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informações gerais </th></tr> <tr> <td width="60%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">Nome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">símbolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B3mico" title="Número atómico">número</a> </td> <td width="40%">Germânio, Ge, 32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Série química">Série química</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semimetal" title="Semimetal">Semimetal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Grupo (química)">Grupo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período (química)">período</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloco_da_tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Bloco da tabela periódica">bloco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_carbono" title="Grupo do carbono">14</a>, 4, p </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade">Densidade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Mohs" title="Escala de Mohs">dureza</a> </td> <td>5323 <a href="/wiki/Quilograma_por_metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Quilograma por metro cúbico">kg/m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a>, 6,0 </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Registro_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Registro CAS">Número CAS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_EINECS" title="Número EINECS">Número EINECS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Propriedade atómicas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Massa atómica">Massa atómica</a> </td> <td>72,64 <a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidade de massa atómica">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_at%C3%B3mico" title="Raio atómico">Raio atómico</a> <small>(calculado)</small> </td> <td>122 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_covalente" title="Raio covalente">Raio covalente</a> </td> <td>122 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_de_Van_der_Waals" title="Raio de Van der Waals">Raio de Van der Waals</a> </td> <td>211 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o_electr%C3%B3nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Configuração electrónica">Configuração electrónica</a> </td> <td>[Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">Elétrons</a> <small>(por <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_de_energia" title="Nível de energia">nível de energia</a>)</small> </td> <td>2, 8, 18, 4 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Electron_shell_032_Germanium.svg" title="Ficheiro:Electron shell 032 Germanium.svg">ver imagem</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Estado de oxidação">Estado(s) de oxidação</a> </td> <td><b>4</b>, 3, <b>2</b>, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4 (<a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido_anf%C3%B3tero" class="mw-redirect" title="Óxido anfótero">óxido anfótero</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">Óxido</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina">Estrutura cristalina</a> </td> <td>cúbico de faces centradas </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Propriedades físicas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estados_f%C3%ADsicos_da_mat%C3%A9ria" class="mw-redirect" title="Estados físicos da matéria">Estado da matéria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido">sólido</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de fusão">Ponto de fusão</a> </td> <td>1211,40 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_ebuli%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de ebulição">Ponto de ebulição</a> </td> <td>3106 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calor_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Calor de fusão">Entalpia de fusão</a> </td> <td>36,94 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_de_vaporiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Entalpia de vaporização">Entalpia de vaporização</a> </td> <td>334 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Temperatura crítica">Temperatura crítica</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Press%C3%A3o_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Pressão crítica">Pressão crítica</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unidade)" title="Pascal (unidade)">Pa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volume_molar" title="Volume molar">Volume molar</a> </td> <td>13,63×10<sup>−6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Metro cúbico">m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Press%C3%A3o_de_vapor" title="Pressão de vapor">Pressão de vapor</a> </td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unidade)" title="Pascal (unidade)">Pa</a> a 1644 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Velocidade_do_som" title="Velocidade do som">Velocidade do som</a> </td> <td>5400 <a href="/wiki/Metro_por_segundo" title="Metro por segundo">m/s</a> a 20 <a href="/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius">°C</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Classe_magn%C3%A9tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Classe magnética">Classe magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Susceptibilidade_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Susceptibilidade magnética">Susceptibilidade magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Permeabilidade_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Permeabilidade magnética">Permeabilidade magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_de_Curie" title="Temperatura de Curie">Temperatura de Curie</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Diversos </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eletronegatividade" title="Eletronegatividade">Eletronegatividade</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Pauling" title="Escala de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</small> </td> <td>2,01 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor específico">Calor específico</a> </td> <td>320 <a href="/wiki/Joule_por_quilograma_por_kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joule por quilograma por kelvin">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Condutividade_el%C3%A9trica" title="Condutividade elétrica">Condutividade elétrica</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unidade)" title="Siemens (unidade)">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Condutividade_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Condutividade térmica">Condutividade térmica</a> </td> <td>59,9 <a href="/wiki/Watt_por_metro_por_kelvin" title="Watt por metro por kelvin">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.º <a href="/wiki/Potencial_de_ioniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Potencial de ionização">Potencial de ionização</a> </td> <td>762 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>1537,5 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>3302,1 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>4411 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>9020 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>6.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>7.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>8.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>9.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>10.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px; margin-top:none; margin-left:none; margin-right:none;">Isótopos mais estáveis </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"> <table width="100%" rules="all" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo">iso</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abund%C3%A2ncia_natural" title="Abundância natural">AN</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Meia-vida" title="Meia-vida">Meia-vida</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Modo_de_decaimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Modo de decaimento">MD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia_de_decaimento" title="Energia de decaimento">Ed</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Produto_de_decaimento" title="Produto de decaimento">PD</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron-volt" title="Elétron-volt">MeV</a> </td></tr> <tr><td><sup>68</sup>Ge</td><td><a href="/wiki/Radiois%C3%B3topo_sint%C3%A9tico" title="Radioisótopo sintético">sintético</a></td><td>270,8 <a href="/wiki/Dia" title="Dia">d</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Captura_eletr%C3%B4nica" title="Captura eletrônica">ε</a></td><td></td><td><sup>68</sup><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio">Ga</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>70</sup>Ge</td><td>21,23%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 38 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>71</sup>Ge</td><td><a href="/wiki/Radiois%C3%B3topo_sint%C3%A9tico" title="Radioisótopo sintético">sintético</a></td><td>11,26 <a href="/wiki/Dia" title="Dia">d</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Captura_eletr%C3%B4nica" title="Captura eletrônica">ε</a></td><td></td><td><sup>71</sup><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio">Ga</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>72</sup>Ge</td><td>27,66%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 40 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>73</sup>Ge</td><td>7,73%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 41 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>74</sup>Ge</td><td>35,94%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 42 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>76</sup>Ge</td><td>7,44%</td><td>1,78×10<sup>21</sup> <a href="/wiki/Ano" title="Ano">a</a></td><td>2<a href="/wiki/Emiss%C3%A3o_beta" title="Emissão beta">β<sup>−</sup></a></td><td></td><td><sup>76</sup><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%AAnio" title="Selênio">Se</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 2px #cccc99 solid; font-size: 80%;"><i>Unidades do <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a> & <a href="/wiki/Condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Normais_de_Temperatura_e_Press%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Condições Normais de Temperatura e Pressão">CNTP</a>, salvo indicação contrária.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Elemento/infocaixa"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Elemento/infocaixa (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>O <b>germânio</b> é um <a href="/wiki/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico" class="mw-redirect" title="Elemento químico">elemento químico</a> de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Símbolo químico">símbolo</a> <b>Ge</b> , <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B4mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Número atômico">número atômico</a> 32 (32 <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ton" title="Próton">prótons</a> e 32 <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">elétrons</a>) com <a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Massa atómica">massa atómica</a> 72<a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidade de massa atómica">u</a>. À <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_ambiente" title="Temperatura ambiente">temperatura ambiente</a>, o germânio encontra-se no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido">estado sólido</a>. É um <a href="/wiki/Semimetal" title="Semimetal">semimetal</a> pertencente ao <a href="/wiki/Grupo_da_Tabela_Peri%C3%B3dica" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupo da Tabela Periódica">grupo 14</a> (IVA) da <a href="/wiki/Tabela_Peri%C3%B3dica" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabela Periódica">Classificação Periódica dos Elementos</a>. </p><p>Descoberto em 1886 pelo químico alemão <a href="/wiki/Clemens_Winkler" title="Clemens Winkler">Clemens Winkler</a> quando analisava um minério de Freiberg, da Saxônia, o germânio teve, no entanto sua existência prevista 15 anos antes por Mendeleiev, que o chamou aca-silício. As aplicações do germânio estão limitadas ao seu alto custo e em muitos casos estuda-se a sua substituição por materiais mais econômicos. Sua aplicação principal é como <a href="/wiki/Semicondutor" title="Semicondutor">semicondutor</a> em <a href="/wiki/Eletr%C3%B4nica" title="Eletrônica">eletrônica</a>, produção de <a href="/wiki/Fibra_%C3%B3ptica" title="Fibra óptica">fibras ópticas</a> e equipamentos de visão noturna. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características_principais"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas_principais"></span>Características principais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Características principais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Características principais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O germânio é um metal sólido, duro, cristalino, de coloração branco acinzentada, lustroso, quebradiço, que conserva o brilho em temperaturas ordinárias. Apresenta a mesma estrutura cristalina do <a href="/wiki/Diamante" title="Diamante">diamante</a> e resiste à ação dos <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido" title="Ácido">ácidos</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lcali" title="Álcali">álcalis</a>. </p><p>Forma grande número de compostos organolépticos e é um importante material <a href="/wiki/Semicondutor" title="Semicondutor">semicondutor</a> utilizado em <a href="/wiki/Trans%C3%ADstor" title="Transístor">transístores</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotodetetor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotodetetor (página não existe)">fotodetetores</a>. Diferentemente da maioria dos semicondutores, o germânio tem uma pequena <a href="/wiki/Banda_proibida" title="Banda proibida">banda proibida</a> (<i>band gap</i>) respondendo de forma eficaz a <a href="/wiki/Radia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_infravermelha" title="Radiação infravermelha">radiação infravermelha</a> e pode ser usado em <a href="/wiki/Amplificador" title="Amplificador">amplificadores</a> de baixa <a href="/wiki/Intensidade_de_radia%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Intensidade de radiação">intensidade</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplicações"><span id="Aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Aplicações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Aplicações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Aplicações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As aplicações do germânio estão limitadas ao seu alto custo e em muitos casos estuda-se a sua substituição por materiais mais econômicos. Os principais usos são: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibra_%C3%B3ptica" title="Fibra óptica">Fibra óptica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eletr%C3%B4nica" title="Eletrônica">Eletrônica</a>: Radares, amplificadores de guitarras elétricas, ligas metálicas de <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício">Si</a>Ge em circuitos integrados de alta velocidade.</li> <li>Óptica de infravermelhos: <a href="/wiki/Espectroscopia" title="Espectroscopia">espectroscópios</a>, sistemas de visão noturna e outros equipamentos.</li> <li>Lentes, com alto índice de refração, de ângulo amplo e para <a href="/wiki/Microsc%C3%B3pio" title="Microscópio">microscópios</a>.</li> <li>Em <a href="/wiki/Joia" class="mw-redirect" title="Joia">joias</a> é usado uma <a href="/wiki/Liga_met%C3%A1lica" title="Liga metálica">liga metálica</a> de <a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro">Au</a> com 12% de germânio.</li> <li>Como elemento endurecedor do <a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio">alumínio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio">magnésio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho">estanho</a>.</li> <li>Em <a href="/wiki/Quimioterapia" title="Quimioterapia">quimioterapia</a>.</li> <li>O tetracloreto de germânio é usado como <a href="/wiki/Catalisador" title="Catalisador">catalisador</a> na síntese de polímeros (<a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1stico" title="Plástico">PET</a>).</li> <li>Foi usado enquanto germanato de <a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">bismuto</a> no tipo de <a href="/wiki/Camera_gama" class="mw-redirect" title="Camera gama">camera gama</a> utilizada nos anos 80, em <a href="/wiki/Medicina_nuclear" title="Medicina nuclear">medicina nuclear</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abundância_e_obtenção"><span id="Abund.C3.A2ncia_e_obten.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Abundância e obtenção</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Abundância e obtenção" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Abundância e obtenção"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os únicos <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerais</a> rentáveis para a extração do germânio são a <a href="/wiki/Germanita" title="Germanita">germanita</a> (69% de germânio) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranierita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranierita (página não existe)">ranierita</a> (7-8% do elemento); além disso está presente no <a href="/wiki/Carv%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Carvão">carvão</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Argirodita" title="Argirodita">argirodita</a> e outros minerais. A maior quantidade, em forma de <a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">óxido</a> (GeO<sub>2</sub>), se obtém como subproduto da obtenção do <a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco">zinco</a> ou de processos de <a href="/wiki/Combust%C3%A3o" title="Combustão">combustão</a> de carvão (na <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a> e na <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" class="mw-redirect" title="República Popular da China">República Popular da China</a> se encontra em processo de desenvolvimento). </p><p>É separado dos outros metais existentes no mineral transformando-o em GeCl<sub>4</sub> volátil. O tetracloreto obtido é hidrolisado em óxido de germânio (GeO<sub>2</sub>) que, através de <a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%AAnio" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrogênio">hidrogênio</a> ou carvão roxo é <a href="/wiki/Redu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Redução">reduzido</a> obtendo-se o germânio. Com pureza de 99,99%, para usos eletrônicos, é obtido por refinação mediante a <a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A3o_fracionada" title="Fusão fracionada">fusão fracionada</a> resultando cristais de 25 a 35 mm usados em transístores e díodos; com esta técnica as impurezas podem ser reduzidas até a 0,0001 <a href="/wiki/Parte_por_milh%C3%A3o" title="Parte por milhão">ppm</a>. </p><p>O desenvolvimento dos transístores de germânio abriu a porta a numerosas aplicações eletrônicas que atualmente são quotidianas. Entre <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> e os primeiros anos da década de 70, a eletrônica foi a principal responsável pela crescente demanda de germânio, até a substituição pelo <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício">silício</a> com propriedades elétricas superiores. Atualmente, grande parte do consumo é destinada para a produção de fibras ópticas (cerca da metade), equipamentos de visão noturna e como catalisador na <a href="/wiki/Polimeriza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Polimerização">polimerização</a> de plásticos, embora haja estudos para substituí-lo por catalisadores mais econômicos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propriedades_químicas"><span id="Propriedades_qu.C3.ADmicas"></span>Propriedades químicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Propriedades químicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Propriedades químicas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O germânio elementar se <a href="/wiki/Oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidação">oxida</a> lentamente para <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_germ%C3%A2nio" title="Dióxido de germânio">GeO<sub>2</sub></a> a 250°C. É insolúvel em <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido" title="Ácido">ácidos</a> diluídos e <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xido" title="Hidróxido">álcalis</a>, mas se dissolve lentamente em <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_sulf%C3%BArico" title="Ácido sulfúrico">ácido sulfúrico</a> concentrado e reage violentamente com bases fundidas para produzir germanatos (GeO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup>). O germânio ocorre principalmente no <a href="/wiki/Estado_de_oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Estado de oxidação">estado de oxidação</a> +4, embora sejam conhecidos muitos compostos com o estado de oxidação +2. [31] Outros estados de oxidação são raros, tais como o +3 encontrado em <a href="/wiki/Subst%C3%A2ncia" title="Substância">compostos</a> tais como Ge<sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cl</a><sub>6</sub>, e 3 e 1 observada na superfície de <a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">óxidos</a>, ou estados de oxidação negativos em germanos, como o nox -4 no GeH<sub>4</sub>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%82nion" title="Ânion">Ânions</a> Clusters de germânio (íons <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zintl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zintl (página não existe)">Zintl</a>), tais como Ge<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Ge<sub>9</sub><sup>4−</sup>, Ge<sub>9</sub><sup>2−</sup>, [(Ge<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>6−</sup> foram preparados por extração a partir de <a href="/wiki/Liga_met%C3%A1lica" title="Liga metálica">ligas</a> contendo <a href="/wiki/Metais_alcalinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Metais alcalinos">metais alcalinos</a> e germânio em <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%B4nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amônia">amônia</a> líquida na presença de <a href="/wiki/Etilenodiamina" title="Etilenodiamina">etilenodiamina</a> ou uma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criptando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criptando (página não existe)">criptando</a>. Os estados de oxidação do elemento nestes íons não são inteiros, semelhante ao ozonídeos, O<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. </p><p>Dois óxidos de germânio são conhecidos: <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_germ%C3%A2nio" title="Dióxido de germânio">dióxido de germânio</a> (GeO<sub>2</sub>, germânia) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mon%C3%B3xido_de_germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monóxido de germânio (página não existe)">monóxido de germânio</a> (GeO). O dióxido GeO<sub>2</sub> pode ser obtido por <a href="/wiki/Ustula%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ustulação">ustulação</a> do sulfeto de germânio (GeS<sub>2</sub>), e é um pó branco que é ligeiramente solúvel na água, mas reage com álcalis para formar germanatos. O monóxido de germânio ou óxido germanoso pode ser obtido pela reação de GeO<sub>2</sub> com germânio elementar a alta <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a>. O GeO<sub>2</sub> (e os óxidos relacionados e germanatos) exibem a propriedade incomum de ter um alto <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_refra%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Índice de refração">índice de refração</a> para a luz visível, mas transparência à luz infravermelha. O <a href="/wiki/Germanato_de_bismuto" title="Germanato de bismuto">germanato de bismuto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">Bi</a><sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, (BGO) é usado como um <a href="/wiki/Cintilador" class="mw-redirect" title="Cintilador">cintilador</a>. GeSe<sub>2</sub>, e o monos<a href="/wiki/Sulfeto" title="Sulfeto">sulfeto</a> GeS, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seleneto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seleneto (página não existe)">seleneto</a> GeSe, e o <a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BArio" title="Telúrio">telureto</a> GeTe. GeS<sub>2</sub> se forma como um precipitado branco quando o <a href="/wiki/Sulfeto_de_hidrog%C3%AAnio" title="Sulfeto de hidrogênio">sulfeto de hidrogênio</a> é passado através de soluções fortemente ácidas contendo Ge(IV). O dissulfeto é apreciavelmente <a href="/wiki/Solubilidade" title="Solubilidade">solúvel</a> em água e em soluções de álcalis cáusticos ou sulfetos <a href="/wiki/Alcalino" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcalino">alcalinos</a>. No entanto, não é solúvel em água ácida, o que permitiu a Winkler descobrir o elemento. Ao aquecer o dissulfeto em uma corrente de <a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%AAnio" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrogênio">hidrogênio</a>, o monosulfeto GeS é formado, que <a href="/wiki/Sublima%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sublimação">sublima</a> em chapas finas de cor escura e brilho metálico, e é solúvel em soluções de álcalis cáusticos. Após a <a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A3o" title="Fusão">fusão</a> com <a href="/wiki/Carbonato" title="Carbonato">carbonatos</a> alcalinos e compostos de <a href="/wiki/Enxofre" title="Enxofre">enxofre</a>,formam-se sais de germânio conhecidos como tiogermanatos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precauções"><span id="Precau.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Precauções</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Precauções" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Precauções"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alguns compostos de germânio (tetracloreto de germânio) apresentam uma certa <a href="/wiki/Toxicidade" title="Toxicidade">toxicidade</a> nos mamíferos, porém são letais para algumas <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A9ria" title="Bactéria">bactérias</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A2nio&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Germanio">Enciclopedia libre</a> (em castelhano)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/germanium/">USGS - Estatísticas sobre o germânio (produção, consumo e preços)</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tabela_periódica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta" title="Predefinição:Tabela periódica compacta"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta" title="Predefinição Discussão:Tabela periódica compacta"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tabela_periódica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">Tabela periódica</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Lista_de_elementos_químicos"><small><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">Lista de elementos químicos</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_3" title="Elementos do Grupo 3">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_4" title="Elementos do Grupo 4">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_5" title="Elementos do Grupo 5">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_6" title="Elementos do Grupo 6">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_7" title="Elementos do Grupo 7">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_8" title="Elementos do Grupo 8">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_9" title="Elementos do Grupo 9">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_10" title="Elementos do Grupo 10">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_11" title="Elementos do Grupo 11">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_12" title="Elementos do Grupo 12">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_boro" title="Grupo do boro">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_carbono" title="Grupo do carbono">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_nitrog%C3%AAnio" title="Grupo do nitrogênio">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Calcog%C3%AAnio" title="Calcogênio">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%AAnio" title="Halogênio">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_1_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período 1 (química)">1</a> </th> <td title="Hidrogénio, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Hélio, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_2_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período 2 (química)">2</a> </th> <td title="Lítio, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Berílio, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boro, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="Carbono, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="Azoto, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="Oxigénio, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9nio" title="Oxigénio"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="Flúor, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Flúor"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Néon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_3_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 3 (química) (página não existe)">3</a> </th> <td title="Sódio, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Magnésio, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Alumínio, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Silício, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="Fósforo, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforo" title="Fósforo"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="Enxofre, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Enxofre" title="Enxofre"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cloro, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Árgon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rgon" title="Árgon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_4_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 4 (química) (página não existe)">4</a> </th> <td title="Potássio, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Cálcio, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lcio" title="Cálcio"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Escândio, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%A2ndio" title="Escândio"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Titânio, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="Vanádio, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1dio" title="Vanádio"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Crômio, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B4mio" class="mw-redirect" title="Crômio"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Manganês, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ferro, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Cobalto, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Níquel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cobre, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zinco, 30 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Gálio, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Germânio, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="Arsênio, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%AAnio" title="Arsênio"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Selênio, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%AAnio" title="Selênio"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Bromo, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Crípton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADpton" title="Crípton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_5_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 5 (química) (página não existe)">5</a> </th> <td title="Rubídio, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdio" title="Rubídio"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Estrôncio, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%B4ncio" title="Estrôncio"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Ítrio, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtrio" title="Ítrio"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zircônio, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirc%C3%B4nio" title="Zircônio"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nióbio, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Molibdênio, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibd%C3%AAnio" title="Molibdênio"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tecnécio, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tecn%C3%A9cio" title="Tecnécio"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutênio, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Ródio, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dio" title="Ródio"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Paládio, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dio" title="Paládio"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Prata, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cádmio, 48 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1dmio" title="Cádmio"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="Índio (elemento químico), 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Índio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Estanho, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Antimônio, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B4nio" title="Antimônio"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Telúrio, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BArio" title="Telúrio"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="Iodo, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xenônio, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B4nio" title="Xenônio"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_6_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 6 (química) (página não existe)">6</a> </th> <td title="Césio, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sio" title="Césio"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Bário, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rio" title="Bário"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="Lantânio, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lant%C3%A2nio" title="Lantânio"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Cério, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rio" title="Cério"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Praseodímio, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseod%C3%ADmio" title="Praseodímio"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Neodímio, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neod%C3%ADmio" title="Neodímio"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Promécio, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9cio" title="Promécio"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Samário, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A1rio" title="Samário"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Európio, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pio" title="Európio"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gadolínio, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnio" title="Gadolínio"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Térbio, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9rbio" title="Térbio"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Disprósio, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dispr%C3%B3sio" title="Disprósio"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Hólmio, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3lmio" title="Hólmio"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Érbio, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rbio" title="Érbio"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Túlio, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAlio" title="Túlio"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Itérbio, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A9rbio" title="Itérbio"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lutécio, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cio" title="Lutécio"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Háfnio, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1fnio" title="Háfnio"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Tântalo (elemento químico), 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2ntalo_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Tântalo (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="Tungstênio, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Rênio, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AAnio" title="Rênio"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Ósmio, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Irídio, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ouro, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Mercúrio (elemento químico), 80 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tálio, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1lio" title="Tálio"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Chumbo, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bismuto, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Polônio, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nio" title="Polônio"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="Ástato, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81stato" title="Ástato"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rádon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1don" title="Rádon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_7_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 7 (química) (página não existe)">7</a> </th> <td title="Frâncio, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A2ncio" title="Frâncio"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rádio (elemento químico), 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Rádio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Actínio, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Act%C3%ADnio" title="Actínio"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Tório, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rio" title="Tório"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Protactínio, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protact%C3%ADnio" title="Protactínio"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="Urânio, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%A2nio" title="Urânio"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Neptúnio, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nept%C3%BAnio" title="Neptúnio"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Plutónio, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plut%C3%B3nio" title="Plutónio"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Amerício, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amer%C3%ADcio" title="Amerício"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cúrio, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BArio" title="Cúrio"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Berquélio, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berqu%C3%A9lio" title="Berquélio"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Califórnio, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnio" title="Califórnio"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Einstênio, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einst%C3%AAnio" title="Einstênio"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Férmio, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rmio" title="Férmio"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Mendelévio, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendel%C3%A9vio" title="Mendelévio"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="Nobélio, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lio" title="Nobélio"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Laurêncio, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Laur%C3%AAncio" title="Laurêncio"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutherfórdio, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherf%C3%B3rdio" title="Rutherfórdio"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Dúbnio, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAbnio" title="Dúbnio"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Seabórgio, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seab%C3%B3rgio" title="Seabórgio"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bóhrio, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3hrio" title="Bóhrio"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hássio, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1ssio" title="Hássio"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Meitnério, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rio" title="Meitnério"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Darmstádtio, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A1dtio" title="Darmstádtio"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Roentgênio, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentg%C3%AAnio" title="Roentgênio"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Copernício, 112 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copern%C3%ADcio" title="Copernício"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fleróvio, 114 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vio" title="Fleróvio"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Moscóvio, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3vio" title="Moscóvio"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Livermório, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Tenesso, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesso" title="Tenesso"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Oganesson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" class="wikitable" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">Metais alcalinos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">Metais alcalinos-terrosos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantan%C3%ADdeo" title="Lantanídeo">Lantanídeos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Actin%C3%ADdeo" title="Actinídeo">Actinídeos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_de_transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal de transição">Metais de<br />transição</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_p%C3%B3s-transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal pós-transição">Metais<br />pós-transição</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Semimetal" title="Semimetal">Semimetais</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Não metal">Não-metais<br />poliatômicos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Não metal">Diatômicos não metais</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre">Gases nobres</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Propriedades<br />químicas<br />desconhecidas </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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