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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political activism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Revolutionary activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Volin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86" title="فولن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Βολίν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βολίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voline" title="Voline – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ڤولين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤولين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolin_(dzia%C5%82acz_anarchistyczny)" title="Wolin (działacz anarchistyczny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolin (działacz anarchistyczny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voline" title="Voline – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voline" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Волин, Всеволод Михайлович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волин, Всеволод Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voline" title="Voline – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Voline" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volin" title="Volin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Volin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Волін Всеволод Михайлович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волін Всеволод Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q715195#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian anarchist (1882–1945)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the town in the United States, see <a href="/wiki/Volin,_South_Dakota" title="Volin, South Dakota">Volin, South Dakota</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Volin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Волин</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_(Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait photograph of Volin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png/220px-Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png/330px-Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png/440px-Photographic_Portrait_of_%22Voline%22_%28Vsevolod_Mikhailivich_Eichenbaum%29.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="904" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolutionary_Council" title="Military Revolutionary Council">Military Revolutionary Council</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 September 1919 – 31 January 1920</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ivanovich_Popov" title="Dmitry Ivanovich Popov">Dmitry Popov</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum</div><br />23 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 11 August] 1882<br /><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">18 September 1945<span style="display:none">(1945-09-18)</span> (aged 63)</span><br />Paris, <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">French Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père Lachaise Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">Socialist Revolutionary</a> <span class="nowrap">(1904–1911)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Russian_Workers" title="Union of Russian Workers">Union of Russian Workers</a> <span class="nowrap">(1916–1918)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nabat" title="Nabat">Nabat</a> <span class="nowrap">(1918–1920)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Eichenbaum" title="Jacob Eichenbaum">Jacob Eichenbaum</a> (grandfather)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Eikhenbaum" title="Boris Eikhenbaum">Boris Eikhenbaum</a> (brother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>writer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (23 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 11 August] 1882 – 18 September 1945), commonly known by his pseudonym <b>Volin</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Russian_anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian anarchist">Russian anarchist</a> intellectual. He became involved in <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary socialist">revolutionary socialist</a> politics during the <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Russian Revolution</a>, for which he was forced into exile, where he gravitated towards <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">anarcho-syndicalism</a>. </p><p>He returned to <a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> following the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> of 1917 and propagandised for anarcho-syndicalism in the Russian capital. In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, which he criticised for bringing the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> to power, he left for Ukraine, where he became a leading figure in the <a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a>. During this time, he developed a theory of <a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">synthesis anarchism</a>, which advocated for collaboration between anarchists of different tendencies, and spearheaded the intellectual development of Ukrainian anarchism, as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Nabat" title="Nabat">Nabat</a> and chair of the third <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolutionary_Council" title="Military Revolutionary Council">Military Revolutionary Council</a> during the civil war. </p><p>After the suppression of the Russian and Ukrainian anarchist movements by the Bolsheviks, Volin again went into exile. In Paris, he became a leading opponent of <a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">platformism</a>, which he criticised as authoritarian, and found work as a prolific writer in multiple different languages. He lived out the last years of his life in poverty, evading persecution by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">French State</a>, as he was wanted for his Jewish heritage and his anarchist political convictions. He died of tuberculosis shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">liberation of France</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volin was born Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum on 23 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 11 August] 1882,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to an educated <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Russian Jewish</a> family from <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, a city in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Black_Earth_Region" title="Central Black Earth Region">Central Black Earth Region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. His parents, both of whom were doctors,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028–31_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028–31-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> employed western tutors for Volin and his brother, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Eikhenbaum" title="Boris Eikhenbaum">Boris</a>, who were educated in the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German languages</a>, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>. After completing his education in Voronezh,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volin moved to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, where he studied in the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University_Faculty_of_Law" title="Saint Petersburg State University Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activism">Political activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%281905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Soviet" title="Saint Petersburg Soviet">Saint Petersburg Soviet</a>, which Volin helped establish during the <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Russian Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By 1901, Volin had become involved in the imperial capital's nascent <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">workers' movement</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1904, he dropped out of university to be a full-time activist for the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">Socialist Revolutionary Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009103–104_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009103–104-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He mostly worked to educate workers as a tutor, also establishing a library and organising study groups.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a socialist revolutionary, he was involved in the <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Russian Revolution</a> from its inception: witnessing the events of <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1905)" title="Bloody Sunday (1905)">Bloody Sunday</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> participating in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Soviet" title="Saint Petersburg Soviet">Saint Petersburg Soviet</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before he was arrested for his part in an uprising at <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028–31_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028–31-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for which he was briefly imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Peter_and_Paul_Fortress" title="Peter and Paul Fortress">Peter and Paul Fortress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the suppression of the revolution, in 1907, he was arrested again by the <a href="/wiki/Okhrana" title="Okhrana">Okhrana</a> and deported to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, but was able to escape into exile in <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After settling in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, Volin met a number of anarchists, including the French <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Sébastien Faure</a> and the Russian <a href="/wiki/Apollon_Karelin" title="Apollon Karelin">Apollon Karelin</a>. By 1911, he had committed himself to <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a>, leaving the Socialist Revolutionary Party and joining Karelin's Brotherhood of Free Communists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126–127_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126–127-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Volin immediately joined the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">anti-war movement</a>, catching the attention of the French authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He managed to evade capture and fled to the United States in 1915. Upon arriving in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Russian_Workers" title="Union of Russian Workers">Union of Russian Workers</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian American</a> <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">anarcho-syndicalist</a> organisation. He soon joined the editorial staff of its newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/Golos_Truda" title="Golos Truda">Golos Truda</a></i>, and in December 1916, he went on a speaking tour of North American cities. In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a>, Volin returned to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic_(1917%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Republic (1917–1918)">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Patterson202028–31_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Patterson202028–31-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1917, he and his colleagues from <i>Golos Truda</i> arrived in Petrograd, where they restarted publication of their newspaper, now propagating anarcho-syndicalism directly to the workers of the Russian capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009254_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009254-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolutionary_activities">Revolutionary activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Revolutionary activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volin quickly became a leading proponent of anarcho-syndicalism during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">1917 Revolution</a>, calling for <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> in his frequent speeches to the workers of Petrograd and as editor of <i>Golos Truda</i>, which expanded its circulation to 25,000 readers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127–128_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127–128-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, he became a vocal critic of the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>, warning of their <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian tendencies</a> and predicting that they would see the power of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">soviets</a> usurped by the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005473–474Patterson202028–31_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005473–474Patterson202028–31-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He particularly criticised the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>, which he considered to be a renouncement of <a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">world revolution</a> by the Bolsheviks. He called for the prosecution of <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisan warfare</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> and consequently decided to move to <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukraine</a>, which had fallen under the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After visiting relatives in Voronezh<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and spending a few months organising educational institutions for the local soviet in <a href="/wiki/Bobrov,_Bobrovsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Bobrov, Bobrovsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Bobrov</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volin moved to <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>, where he participated in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Nabat" title="Nabat">Nabat Confederation of Anarchist Organisations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104,_255_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104,_255-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 November 1918, at the organisation's first conference in <a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, he drew up a declaration of principles,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474Malet1982159_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474Malet1982159-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was designed to be acceptable to the three major <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_schools_of_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist schools of thought">anarchist schools of thought</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">communism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">syndicalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159Patterson202028–31_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159Patterson202028–31-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volin's theory of <a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">synthesis anarchism</a>, which encouraged anarchists of different tendencies to cooperate,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009245–247_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009245–247-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was criticised as ineffective by his former anarcho-syndicalist comrades such as <a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Grigorii Maksimov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Mratchny" title="Mark Mratchny">Mark Mratchny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Volin continued to advocate for his organisational theory through the Nabat, which grew to include autonomous branches throughout Ukraine,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a youth section and a publishing house.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voline-1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Voline-1919.jpg/220px-Voline-1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Voline-1919.jpg/330px-Voline-1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Voline-1919.jpg/440px-Voline-1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Volin in 1919, during his time with the <a href="/wiki/Nabat" title="Nabat">Nabat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By mid-1919, the organisation had drawn the attention of the Bolsheviks, who closed its meeting places and shut down its newspaper press.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Volin moved the Nabat's headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Huliaipole" title="Huliaipole">Huliaipole</a>, where it became a central organisation within the <a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a>, an anarchist mass movement led by <a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine" title="Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine">Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine</a>. Volin joined the movement's Cultural-Educational Commission, serving as an editor for its publications and organising its <a href="/wiki/Regional_Congress_of_Peasants,_Workers_and_Insurgents" title="Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents">regional congresses</a>, even going on to act as <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolutionary_Council" title="Military Revolutionary Council">Military Revolutionary Council</a> (RVS), the movement's executive body.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474Malet1982175Patterson202028–31_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474Malet1982175Patterson202028–31-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As chair of the RVS, Volin clashed with the Insurgent Army's command over the excessive violence employed by the <a href="/wiki/Kontrrazvedka" title="Kontrrazvedka">Kontrrazvedka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalet198251–52Patterson202070Shubin2010183_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalet198251–52Patterson202070Shubin2010183-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also edited the movement's <i><a href="/wiki/Draft_Declaration_of_the_Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine" title="Draft Declaration of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine">Draft Declaration</a></i>, which proposed the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Free_soviets" title="Free soviets">free soviets</a> as the basis for a transition towards a <a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">communist society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch202074–75Skirda2004332–333_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch202074–75Skirda2004332–333-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makhno_group.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Makhno_group.jpg/220px-Makhno_group.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Makhno_group.jpg/330px-Makhno_group.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Makhno_group.jpg/440px-Makhno_group.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a> (center) and other commanders of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine" title="Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine">Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In December 1919, Volin went to <a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih" title="Kryvyi Rih">Kryvyi Rih</a> in order to counter the spread of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a> in the region, but he contracted <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> and was forced to stop for recovery in a peasant village.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Malet198253,_97Patterson202028–31_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Malet198253,_97Patterson202028–31-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 January 1920, he was arrested on his sickbed by the <a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="14th Army (RSFSR)">14th Army</a> and given to the <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Guérin2005474–475_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Guérin2005474–475-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had orders from <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> to execute him. Russian American anarchists such as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Alexander Berkman</a> attempted to appeal his sentence, but this was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Krestinsky" title="Nikolay Krestinsky">Nikolay Krestinsky</a>, the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">general secretary of the Communist Party</a> and a former colleague of Volin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further appeals by Russian libertarians, including the Bolshevik <a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Victor Serge</a>, eventually secured his transfer to <a href="/wiki/Butyrka_prison" title="Butyrka prison">Butyrka prison</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, where his death sentence was commuted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Patterson202028–31_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Patterson202028–31-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was finally released in October 1920, as part of the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Starobilsk_agreement" title="Starobilsk agreement">Starobilsk agreement</a> between the Bolsheviks and the Makhnovists,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020109–110Guérin2005474–475Malet198266,_162–163Patterson202028–31Skirda2004201_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020109–110Guérin2005474–475Malet198266,_162–163Patterson202028–31Skirda2004201-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was even offered the post of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Commissariat_for_Education" title="People's Commissariat for Education">People's Commissar for Education</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_(Ukraine)" title="Council of People's Commissars (Ukraine)">Ukrainian Soviet government</a>, which he rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November, Volin made a quick visit to <a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a>, where he paid his respects to a dying <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who by then was pessimistic about the prospects of the revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020107_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020107-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then returned to Kharkiv, where he began to prepare an All-Russian Congress of Anarchists to be held on 25 December,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005474–475_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005474–475-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as leading the negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a>'s government over the controversial fourth political clause of the Starobilsk agreement, which would have provided for the autonomy of the Makhnovshchina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalet1982163_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalet1982163-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Perekop_(1920)" title="Siege of Perekop (1920)">soviet victory</a> over the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, Volin and other members of the Nabat were arrested and imprisoned again in Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020118Guérin2005474–475Malet1982163Patterson202028–31Shubin2010186Skirda2004238–239_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020118Guérin2005474–475Malet1982163Patterson202028–31Shubin2010186Skirda2004238–239-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1921, after being visited by <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leval" title="Gaston Leval">Gaston Leval</a>, a French syndicalist delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Profintern" title="Profintern">Profintern</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volin and other anarchist political prisoners staged a <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a> in order to draw the attention of other visiting trade union delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982163van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982163van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following protests from the delegates to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, the prisoners were released and subsequently deported from <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> in January 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31Skirda2004269–270,_277_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31Skirda2004269–270,_277-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile">Exile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exiled in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Volin and his family were supported by <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">German anarchists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rudolf Rocker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982186_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982186-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who provided them with a small attic to live in.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Malet1982186_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Malet1982186-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in the German capital, Volin worked with Alexander Berkman to provide support for anarchist political prisoners and exiles,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Nestor Makhno himself, who Volin helped escape from Poland to Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020138Malet1982186Skirda2004270–271_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020138Malet1982186Skirda2004270–271-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also published a weekly newspaper, <i>The Anarchist Herald</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> translated <a href="/wiki/Peter_Arshinov" title="Peter Arshinov">Peter Arshinov</a>'s <i>History of the Makhnovist Movement</i> and publicised evidence of <a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Political repression in the Soviet Union">political repressions</a> against Russian anarchists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1924, his old comrade Sébastien Faure invited him back to Paris<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475Malet1982187_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475Malet1982187-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to collaborate on the publication of his <i><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Encyclopedia" title="Anarchist Encyclopedia">Anarchist Encyclopedia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volin became a key contributor to the encyclopedia, as well as a number of anarchist periodicals in various different languages, including the French <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Libertaire" title="Le Libertaire">Le Libertaire</a></i>, the German <i>Die Internationale</i>, the English <i><a href="/wiki/Man!" title="Man!">Man!</a></i>, the Russian <i><a href="/wiki/Delo_Truda" title="Delo Truda">Delo Truda</a></i> and the Yiddish <i><a href="/wiki/Fraye_Arbeter_Shtime" title="Fraye Arbeter Shtime">Fraye Arbeter Shtime</a></i>. It was at this time that he also began to compile his history of the Russian Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg/220px-Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg/330px-Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg/440px-Fleshin-Voline-Steimer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>Volin (center) with his friends <a href="/wiki/Senya_Fleshin" title="Senya Fleshin">Senya Fleshin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mollie_Steimer" title="Mollie Steimer">Mollie Steimer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1927, Volin was caught in the debate over the <i><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platform</a></i>, which had caused a split in the exiled Russian anarchist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volin himself was extremely critical of the <i>Platform</i>, which he claimed contradicted the anarchist principle of <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralisation</a> and reflected a desire to create an anarchist <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This split led to a particularly harsh falling-out with Nestor Makhno,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009256_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009256-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who resented Volin's <a href="/wiki/Intellectualism" title="Intellectualism">intellectualism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Skirda2004278–279_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Skirda2004278–279-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, the pair managed to reconcile before Makhno's death in 1934, at the behest of Makhno's wife <a href="/wiki/Halyna_Kuzmenko" title="Halyna Kuzmenko">Halyna Kuzmenko</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Malet1982192_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Malet1982192-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Volin took up the task of editing and publishing Makhno's memoirs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Darch202030Skirda2004285–288_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Darch202030Skirda2004285–288-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with his criticisms of platformism, Volin also published denunciations of <a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a>, which he described as "<a href="/wiki/Red_fascism" title="Red fascism">red fascism</a>", comparing the policies of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> to those of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Patterson202028–31_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Patterson202028–31-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He criticised the "anarcho-Bolsheviks", who had favoured collaboration with the Bolshevik government, and was openly critical of the "anarcho-Bolshevik" <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Sandomirskii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Sandomirskii (page does not exist)">German Sandomirskii</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Сандомирский, Герман Борисович">ru</a>]</span>, who he accused of lacking anarchist convictions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020142–143_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020142–143-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voline_sur_lit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Voline_sur_lit.jpg/220px-Voline_sur_lit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Voline_sur_lit.jpg/330px-Voline_sur_lit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Voline_sur_lit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Volin during the last years of his life</figcaption></figure> <p>He attempted to continue his educational activities by providing free classes about anarchism, but he also needed money to support his family, so he took up a number of jobs in the publishing industry, notably working on a Russian translation of <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Laughed" title="Lazarus Laughed">Lazarus Laughed</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a>, he briefly worked on the French language organ of the <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">Confederación Nacional del Trabajo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Guérin2005475_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Guérin2005475-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but quit after the organisation joined the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(Spain)" title="Popular Front (Spain)">Popular Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volin lived out the following years in poverty,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Prudhommeaux" title="André Prudhommeaux">André Prudhommeaux</a> provided him a job on the board of his newspaper <i>Terre Libre</i>, which he contributed to in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Guérin2005475_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Guérin2005475-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940, while living in poverty in <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a>, he completed his work on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Revolution" title="The Unknown Revolution">The Unknown Revolution</a></i>, a history of the Russian Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">invasion of France</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and the establishment of the collaborationist <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">French State</a>, he was driven into hiding due to his Jewish heritage and his anarchist political beliefs. Although his friends <a href="/wiki/Senya_Fleshin" title="Senya Fleshin">Senya Fleshin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mollie_Steimer" title="Mollie Steimer">Mollie Steimer</a> attempted to convince him to escape to Mexico with them, he resolved to remain in France, as he believed that there would be a revolution following the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, by the time the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">liberation of France</a> allowed him to return to Paris, he had contracted tuberculosis. On 18 September 1945, Volin died in a Parisian hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His ashes were buried in a niche of the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père Lachaise Cemetery</a>, near the resting place of his comrade Nestor Makhno.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his obituary to Volin written the month after his death, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Victor Serge</a> described him as "one of the most remarkable figures of Russian anarchism, a man of absolute probity and exceptional rigor of thought. ... One must hope that the future will render justice to this intrepidly idealistic revolutionary who was always, in prison, in the poverty of exile, as on the battlefield and in editorial offices, a man of real moral grandeur."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVolin1922" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Volin (1922). "Гонения на анархизм в Советской России" [The Repressions of the Anarchists in Soviet Russia]. <i>The Anarchist Herald</i> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Anarchist+Herald&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Volin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVolin1924" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1924). "Sur la Synthèse" [On Synthesis]. <i>Revue anarchiste</i> (in French). No. <span class="nowrap">25–</span>27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+anarchiste&rft.atitle=Sur+la+Synth%C3%A8se&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.date=1924&rft.au=Volin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVolin1934" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1934). "Le Fascisme Rouge" [Red Fascism]. <i>Ce qu'il faut dire</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ce+qu%27il+faut+dire&rft.atitle=Le+Fascisme+Rouge&rft.date=1934&rft.au=Volin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVolin1935" class="citation magazine cs1">—— (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/article/vanguard-vol-2-no-3-may-june-1935">"The Historical Role of the State"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(journal)" title="Vanguard (journal)">Vanguard</a></i>. Vol. 2, no. 3. pp. <span class="nowrap">8–</span>11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanguard&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Role+of+the+State&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.date=1935&rft.au=Volin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Farticle%2Fvanguard-vol-2-no-3-may-june-1935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVolin1947" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">—— (1947). <a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Revolution" title="The Unknown Revolution"><i>La Révolution Inconnue</i></a> [<i>The Unknown Revolution</i>] (in French). Les Amis de Voline.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+R%C3%A9volution+Inconnue&rft.pub=Les+Amis+de+Voline&rft.date=1947&rft.au=Volin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian: <span lang="ru">Всеволод Михайлович Эйхенбаум</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Vsevolod Mikhaylovich Eykhenbaum</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">ווסעוואָלאָד מיכאילאָוויטש אייכענבוים</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French: <i lang="fr">Voline</i>; Russian: <span lang="ru">Во́лин</span>; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">וואָלין</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028–31-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028–31_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Patterson202028–31_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009103–104-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009103–104_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 103–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126–127-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988126–127_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 126–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 127; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Patterson202028–31-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Patterson202028–31_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 127; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009254-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127Guérin2005473Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009254_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 127; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 473; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127–128-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988127–128_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 127–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005473–474Patterson202028–31-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005473–474Patterson202028–31_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 473–474; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104,_255-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104,_255_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 31; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 104, 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474Malet1982159-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Guérin2005474Malet1982159_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159Patterson202028–31-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159Patterson202028–31_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 128; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 31; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009245–247-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159Patterson202028–31van_der_WaltSchmidt2009245–247_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 128–129; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 245–247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988128–129Malet1982159_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 128–129; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Darch202031Guérin2005474Malet1982159_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 129; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 31; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 129; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474Malet1982175Patterson202028–31-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129Guérin2005474Malet1982175Patterson202028–31_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 129; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 474; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 175; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalet198251–52Patterson202070Shubin2010183-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalet198251–52Patterson202070Shubin2010183_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 51–52; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, p. 70; <a href="#CITEREFShubin2010">Shubin 2010</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch202074–75Skirda2004332–333-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch202074–75Skirda2004332–333_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 74–75; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 332–333.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Malet198253,_97Patterson202028–31-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Malet198253,_97Patterson202028–31_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 129–130; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 53, 97; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Guérin2005474–475-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Guérin2005474–475_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 129–130; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 474–475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 129–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Patterson202028–31-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988129–130Patterson202028–31_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 129–130; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020109–110Guérin2005474–475Malet198266,_162–163Patterson202028–31Skirda2004201-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020109–110Guérin2005474–475Malet198266,_162–163Patterson202028–31Skirda2004201_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 109–110; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 474–475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 66, 162–163; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020107-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020107_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005474–475-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005474–475_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 474–475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalet1982163-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalet1982163_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020118Guérin2005474–475Malet1982163Patterson202028–31Shubin2010186Skirda2004238–239-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Darch2020118Guérin2005474–475Malet1982163Patterson202028–31Shubin2010186Skirda2004238–239_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 118; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, pp. 474–475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 163; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFShubin2010">Shubin 2010</a>, p. 186; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 238–239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982163van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982163van_der_WaltSchmidt2009104_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 163; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31Skirda2004269–270,_277-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31Skirda2004269–270,_277_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 269–270, 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982186-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Guérin2005475Malet1982186_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Malet1982186-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130Malet1982186_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 130; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 130–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020138Malet1982186Skirda2004270–271-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020138Malet1982186Skirda2004270–271_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 138; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 186; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 270–271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 130–131; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988130–131Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 130–131; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475Malet1982187-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475Malet1982187_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Guérin2005475_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 144; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 190–191; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 277–278; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131Darch2020144Malet1982190–191van_der_WaltSchmidt2009253_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 131; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 144; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 190–191; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009256-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Malet1982190–191Patterson202028–31Skirda2004277–278van_der_WaltSchmidt2009256_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 140–141; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, pp. 190–191; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 277–278; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Skirda2004278–279-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020140–141Skirda2004278–279_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 140–141; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 278–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Malet1982192-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Malet1982192_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 131–132; <a href="#CITEREFMalet1982">Malet 1982</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Darch202030Skirda2004285–288-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988131–132Darch202030Skirda2004285–288_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, pp. 131–132; <a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, p. 30; <a href="#CITEREFSkirda2004">Skirda 2004</a>, pp. 285–288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Patterson202028–31-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Patterson202028–31_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 132; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarch2020142–143-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarch2020142–143_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarch2020">Darch 2020</a>, pp. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Guérin2005475-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Guérin2005475_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988132Guérin2005475_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 132; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134Guérin2005475Patterson202028–31_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 134; <a href="#CITEREFGuérin2005">Guérin 2005</a>, p. 475; <a href="#CITEREFPatterson2020">Patterson 2020</a>, pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvrich1988134_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvrich1988">Avrich 1988</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSerge2019" class="citation book cs1">Serge, Victor (2019). <i>Notebooks: 1936-1947</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_Books" title="New York Review Books">New York Review Books</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">524–</span>525. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68137-270-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68137-270-9"><bdi>978-1-68137-270-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notebooks%3A+1936-1947&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E524-%3C%2Fspan%3E525&rft.pub=New+York+Review+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-68137-270-9&rft.aulast=Serge&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAvrich1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich, Paul</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anarchistportrai00avri/page/125">"V. M. Eikhenbaum (Volin): The Man and His Book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Portraits" title="Anarchist Portraits"><i>Anarchist Portraits</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">125–</span>134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04753-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04753-9"><bdi>978-0-691-04753-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17727270">17727270</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=V.+M.+Eikhenbaum+%28Volin%29%3A+The+Man+and+His+Book&rft.btitle=Anarchist+Portraits&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E134&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17727270&rft.isbn=978-0-691-04753-9&rft.aulast=Avrich&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanarchistportrai00avri%2Fpage%2F125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDarch2020" class="citation book cs1">Darch, Colin (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=epyFwwEACAAJ"><i>Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–1921</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pluto_Press" title="Pluto Press">Pluto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv16zjhb1">10.2307/j.ctv16zjhb1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786805263" title="Special:BookSources/9781786805263"><bdi>9781786805263</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1225942343">1225942343</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224949062">224949062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nestor+Makhno+and+Rural+Anarchism+in+Ukraine%2C+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1225942343&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224949062%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv16zjhb1&rft.isbn=9781786805263&rft.aulast=Darch&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DepyFwwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuérin2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin, Daniel</a> (2005) [1998]. "Voline". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g4YncZ8MgRsC"><i>No Gods, No Masters: An Anthology of Anarchism</i></a>. Translated by Sharkey, Paul. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">473–</span>475. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904859-25-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-904859-25-9"><bdi>1-904859-25-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2005930956">2005930956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Voline&rft.btitle=No+Gods%2C+No+Masters%3A+An+Anthology+of+Anarchism&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E473-%3C%2Fspan%3E475&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2005930956&rft.isbn=1-904859-25-9&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg4YncZ8MgRsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalet1982" class="citation book cs1">Malet, Michael (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SUMkjwEACAAJ"><i>Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-25969-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-25969-6"><bdi>978-0-333-25969-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8514426">8514426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nestor+Makhno+in+the+Russian+Civil+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8514426&rft.isbn=978-0-333-25969-6&rft.aulast=Malet&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSUMkjwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(author,_born_1946)" title="Peter Marshall (author, born 1946)">Marshall, Peter H.</a> (2008) [1992]. "Russia and Ukraine". <i><a href="/wiki/Demanding_the_Impossible" title="Demanding the Impossible">Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Perennial" title="Harper Perennial">Harper Perennial</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">469–</span>478. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1"><bdi>978-0-00-686245-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/218212571">218212571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Russia+and+Ukraine&rft.btitle=Demanding+the+Impossible%3A+A+History+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E469-%3C%2Fspan%3E478&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F218212571&rft.isbn=978-0-00-686245-1&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2020" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Sean (2020). <i><a href="/wiki/Makhno_and_Memory:_Anarchist_and_Mennonite_Narratives_of_Ukraine%27s_Civil_War,_1917%E2%80%931921" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhno and Memory: Anarchist and Mennonite Narratives of Ukraine's Civil War, 1917–1921">Makhno and Memory: Anarchist and Mennonite Narratives of Ukraine's Civil War, 1917–1921</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba_Press" title="University of Manitoba Press">University of Manitoba Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-578-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-578-7"><bdi>978-0-88755-578-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1134608930">1134608930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Makhno+and+Memory%3A+Anarchist+and+Mennonite+Narratives+of+Ukraine%27s+Civil+War%2C+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Manitoba&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1134608930&rft.isbn=978-0-88755-578-7&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeters1970" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Victor (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a6YKAQAAIAAJ"><i>Nestor Makhno: The Life of an Anarchist</i></a>. Winnipeg: Echo Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7925080">7925080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nestor+Makhno%3A+The+Life+of+an+Anarchist&rft.place=Winnipeg&rft.pub=Echo+Books&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7925080&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da6YKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRocker2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker, Rudolf</a> (2019) [1974]. "Voline (1882–1945)". In Volin (ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Revolution" title="The Unknown Revolution"><i>The Unknown Revolution, 1917–1921</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/PM_Press" title="PM Press">PM Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-16296-3577-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-16296-3577-4"><bdi>978-16296-3577-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1103577845">1103577845</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Voline+%281882%E2%80%931945%29&rft.btitle=The+Unknown+Revolution%2C+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1103577845&rft.isbn=978-16296-3577-4&rft.aulast=Rocker&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShubin2010" class="citation book cs1">Shubin, Aleksandr (2010). "The Makhnovist Movement and the National Question in the Ukraine, 1917–1921". In Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u_USzDXC6H4C"><i>Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940</i></a>. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">147–</span>191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004188495" title="Special:BookSources/9789004188495"><bdi>9789004188495</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868808983">868808983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Makhnovist+Movement+and+the+National+Question+in+the+Ukraine%2C+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Syndicalism+in+the+Colonial+and+Postcolonial+World%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Studies+in+Global+Social+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E147-%3C%2Fspan%3E191&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868808983&rft.isbn=9789004188495&rft.aulast=Shubin&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du_USzDXC6H4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSkirda2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Skirda" title="Alexandre Skirda">Skirda, Alexandre</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E0TawAEACAAJ"><i>Facing the Enemy: A History of Anarchist Organisation</i></a>. Translated by Sharkey, Paul. <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1902593197" title="Special:BookSources/1902593197"><bdi>1902593197</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/490977034">490977034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facing+the+Enemy%3A+A+History+of+Anarchist+Organisation&rft.place=Oakland&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F490977034&rft.isbn=1902593197&rft.aulast=Skirda&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE0TawAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSkirda2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Skirda" title="Alexandre Skirda">Skirda, Alexandre</a> (2004) [1982]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pMji9s9WOlwC"><i>Nestor Makhno–Anarchy's Cossack: The Struggle for Free Soviets in the Ukraine 1917–1921</i></a>. Translated by Sharkey, Paul. <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902593-68-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902593-68-5"><bdi>978-1-902593-68-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60602979">60602979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nestor+Makhno%E2%80%93Anarchy%27s+Cossack%3A+The+Struggle+for+Free+Soviets+in+the+Ukraine+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Oakland&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60602979&rft.isbn=978-1-902593-68-5&rft.aulast=Skirda&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpMji9s9WOlwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a>; Schmidt, Michael (2009). <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Flame_(book)" title="Black Flame (book)">Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">239–</span>270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-16-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-16-1"><bdi>978-1-904859-16-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2006933558">2006933558</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1100238201">1100238201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Flame%3A+The+Revolutionary+Class+Politics+of+Anarchism+and+Syndicalism&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E239-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1100238201&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2006933558&rft.isbn=978-1-904859-16-1&rft.aulast=van+der+Walt&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDamier2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Damier, Vadim (18 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aitrus.info/node/4395">"Портреты революционеров: Всеволод Волин"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Revolutionary_Anarcho-Syndicalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists">Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists</a></i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Confederation+of+Revolutionary+Anarcho-Syndicalists&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft.aulast=Damier&rft.aufirst=Vadim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aitrus.info%2Fnode%2F4395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeath2011" class="citation web cs1">Heath, Nick (4 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/article/volin-eichenbaum-vsevelod-mikhailovich-aka-voline-1882-1945">"Volin (Eichenbaum, Vsevelod Mikhailovich) aka Voline, 1882 -1945"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Libcom.org" title="Libcom.org">Libcom.org</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Libcom.org&rft.atitle=Volin+%28Eichenbaum%2C+Vsevelod+Mikhailovich%29+aka+Voline%2C+1882+-1945&rft.date=2011-10-04&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Farticle%2Fvolin-eichenbaum-vsevelod-mikhailovich-aka-voline-1882-1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRumyantsev2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rumyantsev, Vyacheslav (20 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/volin_vm.html">"Волин Всеволод Михайлович"</a>. <i>ХРОНОС: ВСЕМИРНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ В ИНТЕРНЕТЕ</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A5%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%A1%3A+%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%AF+%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%92+%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%95&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.date=2000-01-20&rft.aulast=Rumyantsev&rft.aufirst=Vyacheslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrono.ru%2Fbiograf%2Fvolin_vm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShipov2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shipov, Ya. A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033638/https://bigenc.ru/domestic_history/text/1925998">"Во́лин"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Encyclopedia" title="Great Russian Encyclopedia">Great Russian Encyclopedia</a></i> (in Russian). Vol. 5. <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Culture (Russia)">Ministry of Culture</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">629–</span>630. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85270-334-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-85270-334-6"><bdi>5-85270-334-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/domestic_history/text/1925998">the original</a> on 28 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%CC%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.btitle=Great+Russian+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E629-%3C%2Fspan%3E630&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=5-85270-334-6&rft.aulast=Shipov&rft.aufirst=Ya.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigenc.ru%2Fdomestic_history%2Ftext%2F1925998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eleven.co.il/jews-of-russia/public-life/15888/">"Волин Всеволод"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Shorter_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia">Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i> (in Russian). Vol. 10. 2001. pp. <span class="nowrap">486–</span>487<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.btitle=Electronic+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E486-%3C%2Fspan%3E487&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feleven.co.il%2Fjews-of-russia%2Fpublic-life%2F15888%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ephemanar.net/aout11.html#11">"Voline"</a>. <i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Eph%C3%A9m%C3%A9ride_Anarchiste" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Ephéméride Anarchiste">L'Ephéméride Anarchiste</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Eph%C3%A9m%C3%A9ride+Anarchiste&rft.atitle=Voline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ephemanar.net%2Faout11.html%2311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a 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deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandzha_Commune" title="Strandzha Commune">Strandzha Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt_Llobregat_insurrection" title="Alt Llobregat insurrection">Alt Llobregat insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_insurrection_of_January_1933" title="Anarchist insurrection of January 1933">Anarchist insurrection of January 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_insurrection_of_December_1933" title="Anarchist insurrection of December 1933">Anarchist insurrection of December 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li>Volin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Timor-Leste" title="Anarchism in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" 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