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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Transliteration of Cyrillic" redirects here. For the broader topic of all forms of romanization of Cyrillic, see <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Cyrillic_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Cyrillic (disambiguation)">Romanization of Cyrillic</a>.</div> <p>Scientific transliteration, variously called <i>academic</i>, <i>linguistic</i>, <i>international</i>, or <i>scholarly transliteration</i>, is an international system for <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of text from the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a>). This system is most often seen in <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> publications on <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a>. </p><p>Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic into Latin was first introduced in 1898 as part of the standardization process for the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fische_Instruktionen" title="Preußische Instruktionen">Preußische Instruktionen</a></i></span> (PI) in 1899. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scientific transliteration system is roughly as <a href="/wiki/Phonemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemic">phonemic</a> as is the orthography of the language transliterated. The deviations are with щ, where the transliteration makes clear that two phonemes are involved, and џ, where it fails to represent the (monophonemic) affricate with a single letter. The transliteration system is based on the <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Gaj's Latin alphabet</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>, in which each letter corresponds directly to a Cyrillic letter in <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> official standards, and was heavily based on the earlier <a href="/wiki/Czech_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech alphabet">Czech alphabet</a>. The Cyrillic letter х, representing the sound [x] as in <i>Bach</i>, was romanized <i>h</i> in Serbo-Croatian, but in German-speaking countries the native digraph <i>ch</i> was used instead.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was codified in the 1898 <i>Prussian Instructions</i> for libraries, or <i>Preußische Instruktionen</i> (PI), which were adopted in Central Europe and Scandinavia. Scientific transliteration can also be used to romanize the early <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic alphabet</a>, which has a close correspondence to Cyrillic. </p><p>Scientific transliteration is often adapted to serve as a phonetic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scientific transliteration was the basis for the <a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">ISO 9</a> transliteration standard. While linguistic transliteration tries to preserve the original language's <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation">pronunciation</a> to a certain degree, the latest version of the ISO standard (ISO 9:1995) has abandoned this concept, which was still found in <a href="/wiki/ISO/R_9:1968" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/R 9:1968">ISO/R 9:1968</a> and is now restricted to a one-to-one mapping of letters. It thus allows for unambiguous reverse transliteration into the original Cyrillic text and is language-independent. </p><p>The previous official Soviet romanization system, <a href="/wiki/GOST_16876-71" title="GOST 16876-71">GOST 16876-71</a>, is also based on scientific transliteration but used Latin <i>h</i> for Cyrillic х instead of Latin <i>x</i> or <i>ssh</i> and <i>sth</i> for Cyrillic Щ, and had a number of other differences. Most countries using Cyrillic script now have adopted <a href="/wiki/GOST_7.79" class="mw-redirect" title="GOST 7.79">GOST 7.79</a> instead, which is not the same as ISO 9 but close to it. </p><p>Representing all of the necessary diacritics on computers requires <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-2">Latin-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-4">Latin-4</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Latin-7" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-7">Latin-7</a> encoding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table">Table</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" summary="Table of scientific transliteration of Cyrillic letters for seven languages, and ISO 9:1995 for comparison."> <caption style="font-weight:bold;">Prussian Instructions, scientific transliteration, and ISO 9 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Cyrillic </th> <th colspan="8">scientific transliteration </th> <th rowspan="2">PI<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">ISO 9 </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th width="11%" scope="col" abbr="Church Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church<br />Slavonic </th> <th width="11%" scope="col">Bulgarian </th> <th width="11%" scope="col">Russian </th> <th width="11%" scope="col">Belarusian </th> <th width="11%" scope="col">Ukrainian </th> <th width="11%" scope="col">Carpathian<br />Rusyn </th> <th width="11%" scope="col">Serbian </th> <th width="11%" scope="col">Macedonian </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)">А а</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a </td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">Б б</a></td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>b </td> <td>b</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">В в</a></td> <td>v</td> <td>v</td> <td>v</td> <td>v</td> <td>v</td> <td>v</td> <td>v</td> <td>v </td> <td>v</td> <td>v </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Г г</a></td> <td>g</td> <td>g</td> <td>g</td> <td>h</td> <td>h</td> <td>h</td> <td>g</td> <td>g </td> <td>g (h <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><abbr title="Belarusian">BE</abbr> <abbr title="Ukrainian">UK</abbr></span></span>)</td> <td>g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_upturn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge with upturn">Ґ ґ</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>g<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>g</td> <td>g</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ġ</td> <td><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk" style="font-style: normal;">g̀</span></span> (g <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><abbr title="Belarusian">BE</abbr> <abbr title="Ukrainian">UK</abbr></span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">Д д</a></td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>d </td> <td>d</td> <td>d </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gje" title="Gje">Ѓ ѓ</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ǵ (ģ) </td> <td></td> <td>ǵ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje">Ђ ђ</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>đ (dj)</td> <td> </td> <td>ď</td> <td>đ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">Е е</a></td> <td></td> <td>e</td> <td>e</td> <td>e</td> <td>e</td> <td>e</td> <td>e</td> <td>e </td> <td>e</td> <td>e </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yo_(Cyrillic)" title="Yo (Cyrillic)">Ё ё</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ë</td> <td>ë</td> <td></td> <td>jo</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ë</td> <td>ë </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye" title="Ukrainian Ye">Є є</a></td> <td>e</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>je</td> <td>je</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>je</td> <td>ê </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)">Ж ж</a></td> <td>ž</td> <td>ž</td> <td>ž</td> <td>ž</td> <td>ž</td> <td>ž</td> <td>ž</td> <td>ž </td> <td>ž</td> <td>ž </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)">З з</a></td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td>z</td> <td>z </td> <td>z</td> <td>z </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ѕ ѕ</a></td> <td>ʒ (dz)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>dz </td> <td></td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk" style="font-style: normal;">ẑ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">И и</a></td> <td>i</td> <td>i</td> <td>i</td> <td></td> <td>y</td> <td>y (î)</td> <td>i</td> <td>i </td> <td>i</td> <td>i </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_(Cyrillic)" title="Dotted I (Cyrillic)">I і</a></td> <td>i</td> <td></td> <td>i<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>i</td> <td>i</td> <td>i</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ī</td> <td>ì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yi_(Cyrillic)" title="Yi (Cyrillic)">Ї ї</a></td> <td>i</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ji (ï)</td> <td>ji</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>ï </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Short_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Short I">Й й</a></td> <td></td> <td>j</td> <td>j</td> <td>j</td> <td>j</td> <td>j</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>j</td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Je_(Cyrillic)" title="Je (Cyrillic)">Ј ј</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>j</td> <td>j </td> <td>j</td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk" style="font-style: normal;">ǰ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)">К к</a></td> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td>k </td> <td>k</td> <td>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">Л л</a></td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>l </td> <td>l</td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje">Љ љ</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>lj (ļ/ľ)</td> <td>lj (ļ/ľ) </td> <td>ľ</td> <td>ľ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">М м</a></td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>m </td> <td>m</td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)">Н н</a></td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>n </td> <td>n</td> <td>n </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje">Њ њ</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>nj (ň/ń/ņ)</td> <td>nj (ň/ń/ņ) </td> <td>ń</td> <td>ň </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">О о</a></td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o </td> <td>o</td> <td>o </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)">П п</a></td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>p </td> <td>p</td> <td>p </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Р р</a></td> <td>r</td> <td>r</td> <td>r</td> <td>r</td> <td>r</td> <td>r</td> <td>r</td> <td>r </td> <td>r</td> <td>r </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">С с</a></td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s</td> <td>s </td> <td>s</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">Т т</a></td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>t </td> <td>t</td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kje" title="Kje">Ќ ќ</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk" style="font-style: normal;">ḱ</span></span> (ķ) </td> <td></td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk" style="font-style: normal;">ḱ</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">Ћ ћ</a></td> <td>ǵ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ć</td> <td> </td> <td>ć</td> <td>ć </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/U_(Cyrillic)" title="U (Cyrillic)">У у</a></td> <td></td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>u</td> <td>u </td> <td>u</td> <td>u </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)">ОУ оу</a></td> <td>u</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Short_U" class="mw-redirect" title="Short U">Ў ў</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ŭ (w)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>ŭ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)">Ф ф</a></td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>f </td> <td>f</td> <td>f </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Х х</a></td> <td>x</td> <td>h</td> <td>x (ch)</td> <td>x (ch)</td> <td>x (ch)</td> <td>ch</td> <td>h </td> <td>ch</td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)">Ц ц</a></td> <td>c</td> <td>c</td> <td>c</td> <td>c</td> <td>c</td> <td>c</td> <td>c</td> <td>c </td> <td>c</td> <td>c </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">Ч ч</a></td> <td>č</td> <td>č</td> <td>č</td> <td>č</td> <td>č</td> <td>č</td> <td>č</td> <td>č </td> <td>č</td> <td>č </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dzhe" title="Dzhe">Џ џ</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>dž (ģ)</td> <td>dž </td> <td>ǵ</td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk" style="font-style: normal;">d̂</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)">Ш ш</a></td> <td>š</td> <td>š</td> <td>š</td> <td>š</td> <td>š</td> <td>š</td> <td>š</td> <td>š </td> <td>š</td> <td>š </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shcha_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shcha (Cyrillic)">Щ щ</a></td> <td>št</td> <td>št</td> <td>šč</td> <td></td> <td>šč</td> <td>šč</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>šč (št <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><abbr title="Bulgarian">BG</abbr></span></span>)</td> <td>ŝ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yer" title="Yer">Ъ ъ</a></td> <td>ъ (ǔ)</td> <td>ǎ</td> <td>ʺ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ʺ</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>-<sup id="cite_ref-omit-f_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omit-f-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ŭ <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><abbr title="Bulgarian">BG</abbr></span></span>)</td> <td>ʺ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">Ы ы</a></td> <td>y (ū)</td> <td></td> <td>y</td> <td>y</td> <td>y<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ŷ (y)</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>y</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">Ь ь</a></td> <td>ь (ǐ)</td> <td>j</td> <td>ʹ</td> <td>ʹ</td> <td>ʹ</td> <td>ʹ</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ʹ</td> <td>ʹ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">Ѣ ѣ</a></td> <td>ě</td> <td>ě<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ě<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ě<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ě<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>ě<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ě</td> <td>ě </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E_(Cyrillic)" title="E (Cyrillic)">Э э</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>è</td> <td>è</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ė </td> <td>è </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Cyrillic)" title="Yu (Cyrillic)">Ю ю</a></td> <td>ju</td> <td>ju</td> <td>ju</td> <td>ju</td> <td>ju</td> <td>ju</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ju</td> <td>û </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ya_(Cyrillic)" title="Ya (Cyrillic)">Я я</a></td> <td></td> <td>ja</td> <td>ja</td> <td>ja</td> <td>ja</td> <td>ja</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ja</td> <td>â </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_apostrophe" title="Modifier letter apostrophe"> ʼ </a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>ʼ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѡ ѡ</a></td> <td>o, ô</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Small_yus" class="mw-redirect" title="Small yus">Ѧ ѧ</a></td> <td>ę</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iotified_small_yus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iotified small yus">Ѩ ѩ</a></td> <td>ję</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_yus" class="mw-redirect" title="Big yus">Ѫ ѫ</a></td> <td><span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg" style="font-style: normal;">ǫ</span></span></td> <td>ă<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ă</td> <td>ǎ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iotified_big_yus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iotified big yus">Ѭ ѭ</a></td> <td><span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg" style="font-style: normal;">jǫ</span></span></td> <td>jă<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic)" title="Ksi (Cyrillic)">Ѯ ѯ</a></td> <td>ks</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)">Ѱ ѱ</a></td> <td>ps</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita">Ѳ ѳ</a></td> <td>th (θ)</td> <td></td> <td>f<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>f<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>f<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk" style="font-style: normal;">ḟ</span></span></td> <td><span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg" style="font-style: normal;">f̀</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѵ ѵ</a></td> <td>ü</td> <td></td> <td>(i)<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>(i)<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>(i)<sup id="cite_ref-archaic_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk" style="font-style: normal;">ẏ</span></span></td> <td>ỳ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_E" title="Iotated E">Ѥ ѥ</a></td> <td>je</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_A_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iotated A (Cyrillic)">Ꙗ ꙗ</a></td> <td>ja</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-archaic-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archaic_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">archaic letter</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-omit-f-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-omit-f_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indicated by - (hyphen) if medial, disregarded if final.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>( ) Letters in parentheses are older or alternative transliterations. Ukrainian and Belarusian apostrophe are not transcribed. The early Cyrillic letter <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)">koppa</a> (Ҁ, ҁ) was used only for transliterating Greek and its <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_numerals" title="Cyrillic numerals">numeric value</a> and was thus omitted. Prussian Instructions and ISO 9:1995 are provided for comparison. </p><p>Unicode encoding is: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+02BC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ʼ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</span> for the Cyrillic apostrophe</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+02B9</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ʹ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MODIFIER LETTER PRIME</span> to transliterate the soft sign<sup id="cite_ref-prime_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prime-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">U+02BA</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ʺ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME</span> to transliterate the hard sign<sup id="cite_ref-prime_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prime-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Belarusian" title="Romanization of Belarusian">Romanization of Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" title="Romanization of Bulgarian">Romanization of Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">Romanization of Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" title="Romanization of Macedonian">Romanization of Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">Romanization of Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbian" title="Romanization of Serbian">Romanization of Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">Romanization of Ukrainian</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fische_Instruktionen" title="Preußische Instruktionen">Preußische Instruktionen</a></i></span> (PI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALA-LC_romanization_for_Russian" title="ALA-LC romanization for Russian">ALA-LC romanization for Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_7.79-2000" title="GOST 7.79-2000">GOST 7.79-2000</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHans_H._Wellisch1978" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wellisch" title="Hans Wellisch">Hans H. Wellisch</a> (1978), <i>The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization</i>, New York City: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>, p. 257, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104231343" class="extiw" title="d:Q104231343">Q104231343</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conversion+of+Scripts%3A+Its+Nature%2C+History%2C+and+Utilization&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Hans+H.+Wellisch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+transliteration+of+Cyrillic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timberlake 2004, p 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHans_H._Wellisch1978" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wellisch" title="Hans Wellisch">Hans H. Wellisch</a> (1978), <i>The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization</i>, New York City: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>, pp. <span class="nowrap">260–</span>262, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104231343" class="extiw" title="d:Q104231343">Q104231343</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conversion+of+Scripts%3A+Its+Nature%2C+History%2C+and+Utilization&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E260-%3C%2Fspan%3E262&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Hans+H.+Wellisch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+transliteration+of+Cyrillic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prime-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prime_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prime_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The templates <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Softsign" title="Template:Softsign">softsign</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Hardsign" title="Template:Hardsign">hardsign</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> may be used for the proper character.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(Winter 2003) "Transliteration", in <i><a href="/wiki/Slavic_and_East_European_Journal" title="Slavic and East European Journal">Slavic and East European Journal</a></i>, 47 (4):backmatter—every issue of this journal has a transliteration reference in the back, including a table labelled “ISO Transliteration System”, although it is different from the latest version of ISO 9:1995.</li> <li>IDS (Informationsverbund Deutschschweiz, 2001) <i>Katalogisierungsregeln IDS (KIDS), Anhänge, “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kids.informationsverbund.ch/kids_deutsch/kapg4.pdf">IDS G.4: Transliteration der slavischen kyrillischen Alphabete</a>”</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140522090938/http://kids.informationsverbund.ch/kids_deutsch/kapg4.pdf">Archive</a>). <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Universität Zürich">Universität Zürich</a>. URL accessed on 2009-05-27 (PDF format, in German)—ISO/R 9 1968 standardization of scientific transliteration</li> <li>Timberlake, Alan (2004), <i>A Reference Grammar of Russian</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-77292-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-77292-3">0-521-77292-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intranet.library.arizona.edu/users/brewerm/sil/lib/transhist.html">Transliteration history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213065157/http://intranet.library.arizona.edu/users/brewerm/sil/lib/transhist.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>—history of the transliteration of Slavic languages into Latin alphabets</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cesty.in/azb-en#azbuka_anglicka_latinka_cyrillic_latin_transliteration_lc">"ONLINE transliteration of the text from Cyrillic to Latin"</a>. <i>Cyrillic → Latin transliteration (LC)</i>. Cestovatelské stránky.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cyrillic+%E2%86%92+Latin+transliteration+%28LC%29&rft.atitle=ONLINE+transliteration+of+the+text+from+Cyrillic+to+Latin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cesty.in%2Fazb-en%23azbuka_anglicka_latinka_cyrillic_latin_transliteration_lc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientific+transliteration+of+Cyrillic" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transliteration.eki.ee/">Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.translit.site/en/type/scientific">Scientific transliteration from Russian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://podolak.net/en/transliteration">CyrAcademisator</a> Bi-directional online transliteration of Russian for ALA-LC (diacritics), scientific, ISO/R 9, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and others. Supports Old Slavonic characters</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translit.kh.ua/?ling">Ukrainian Transliteration</a> — online service of scientific transliteration to and from Ukrainian. Also supports ISO 9, BGN/PCGN, ALA-LC and other standards of Ukrainian transliteration. (in Ukrainian)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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languages)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALA-LC_romanization" title="ALA-LC romanization">ALA-LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization" title="BGN/PCGN romanization">BGN/PCGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_16876-71" title="GOST 16876-71">GOST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization" title="Yale romanization">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By language or writing system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Amharic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Urdu" title="Roman Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Uyghur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Bengali" title="Romanisation of Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Burmese" title="Romanization of Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_romanization_in_Taiwan" title="Chinese language romanization in Taiwan">in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_romanisation_in_Singapore" title="Chinese language romanisation in Singapore">in Singapore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Cyrillic" title="Romanization of Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Belarusian" title="Romanization of Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" title="Romanization of Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" title="Romanization of Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbian" title="Romanization of Serbian">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Devanagari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_transliteration" title="Devanagari transliteration">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Khmer" title="Romanization of Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Korean" title="Romanization of Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Lao" title="Romanization of Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Malayalam" title="Romanisation of Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Maldivian" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisation of Maldivian">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Latin_alphabet_and_romanization" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Telugu" title="Romanisation of Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Thai" title="Romanization of Thai">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transliteration_and_transcription_into_Cyrillic90" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cyrillization" title="Template:Cyrillization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cyrillization" title="Template talk:Cyrillization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrillization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyrillization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transliteration_and_transcription_into_Cyrillic90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization" title="Cyrillization">Transliteration and transcription into Cyrillic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Existing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Arabic" title="Cyrillization of Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_French" title="Cyrillization of French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_German" title="Cyrillization of German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Greek" title="Cyrillization of Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Korean" title="Cyrillization of Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Cyrillic" title="Lithuanian Cyrillic">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Persian" title="Cyrillization of Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Polish" title="Cyrillization of Polish">Polish</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cyrillic letter Dwe, a commonly cited example of both Cyrillization and a native Language's ability to influence its imposed Writing system"><img alt="The Cyrillic letter Dwe, a commonly cited example of both Cyrillization and a native Language's ability to influence its imposed Writing system" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/80px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/120px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg/160px-Cyrillic_letter_Dwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3735" data-file-height="2205" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets#Summary_table" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Alphabet comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic</a></li></ul> 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