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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="ترمیم کاری کے متعلق مزید تفصیلات"><span>مزید تفصیلات</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="اس آئی پی پتے سے انجام دی جانے والی تمام ترامیم کی فہرست [y]" accesskey="y"><span>شراکتیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس آئی پی پتے کی ترامیم سے متعلق گفتگو [n]" accesskey="n"><span>تبادلۂ خیال</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ویب گاہ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مندرجات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مندرجات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دیباچہ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-جدید_دور_میں_قریبی_بصارت_کا_عام_مشاہدہ_اور_اس_کی_ممکنہ_وجہ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#جدید_دور_میں_قریبی_بصارت_کا_عام_مشاہدہ_اور_اس_کی_ممکنہ_وجہ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>جدید دور میں قریبی بصارت کا عام مشاہدہ اور اس کی ممکنہ وجہ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-جدید_دور_میں_قریبی_بصارت_کا_عام_مشاہدہ_اور_اس_کی_ممکنہ_وجہ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-مزید_دیکھیے" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مزید_دیکھیے"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>مزید دیکھیے</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مزید_دیکھیے-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالہ_جات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالہ_جات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>حوالہ جات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالہ_جات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مندرجات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="فہرست عناوین دیکھیں" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">فہرست عناوین دیکھیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">قریبی بصارت</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 زبانیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1" title="قصر النظر – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قصر النظر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نزدیک‌بینی – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نزدیک‌بینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – انگریزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگریزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopie" title="Miopie – افریقی" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Miopie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – اراگونیز" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="اراگونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="নিকটদৃষ্টি – آسامی" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নিকটদৃষ্টি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="آسامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopiya_(yax%C4%B1ndang%C3%B6rm%C9%99)" title="Miopiya (yaxındangörmə) – آذربائیجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Miopiya (yaxındangörmə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آذربائیجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9/%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="یاخین-گؤرمک/مییوپی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاخین-گؤرمک/مییوپی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="নিকটদৃষ্টি – بنگلہ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকটদৃষ্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلہ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ABn-s%C4%AB" title="Kīn-sī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kīn-sī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Блізарукасць – بیلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блізарукасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Паніклівасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паніклівасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Късогледство – بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Късогледство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – بوسنیائی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – کیٹالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کیٹالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1tkozrakost" title="Krátkozrakost – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krátkozrakost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rsynethed" title="Nærsynethed – ڈینش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nærsynethed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڈینش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="بہترین مضمون"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurzsichtigkeit" title="Kurzsichtigkeit – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kurzsichtigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BChin%C3%A4gevus" title="Lühinägevus – اسٹونین" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lühinägevus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="اسٹونین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%89%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μυωπία – یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μυωπία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – ہسپانوی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ہسپانوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopeco" title="Miopeco – ایسپرانٹو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miopeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ایسپرانٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopie" title="Myopie – فرانسیسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Myopie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B3ipe" title="Mióipe – آئرش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mióipe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="آئرش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – گالیشیائی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیشیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%86" title="માયોપીઆ – گجراتی" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="માયોપીઆ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="گجراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%8B%9C" title="근시 – کوریائی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusa_da_hangen_nesa" title="Kusa da hangen nesa – ہؤسا" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kusa da hangen nesa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ہؤسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կարճատեսություն – آرمینیائی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարճատեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="निकटदृष्टि दोष – ہندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निकटदृष्टि दोष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ہندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – کراتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabun_jauh" title="Rabun jauh – انڈونیثیائی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rabun jauh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڈونیثیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rs%C3%BDni" title="Nærsýni – آئس لینڈک" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nærsýni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئس لینڈک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – اطالوی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="קוצר ראייה – عبرانی" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוצר ראייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبرانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Жақыннан көргіштік – قزاخ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жақыннан көргіштік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاخ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoni_mfupi" title="Uoni mfupi – سواحلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uoni mfupi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Алыстан начар көрүү – کرغیزی" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алыстан начар көрүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – لاطینی" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvredz%C4%ABba" title="Tuvredzība – لیٹوین" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tuvredzība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لیٹوین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumparegyst%C4%97" title="Trumparegystė – لیتھوینین" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trumparegystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتھوینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6vidl%C3%A1t%C3%A1s" title="Rövidlátás – ہنگیرین" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rövidlátás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ہنگیرین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кратковидост – مقدونیائی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кратковидост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدونیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹ്രസ്വദൃഷ്ടി – مالایالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹ്രസ്വദൃഷ്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="ऱ्हस्वदृष्टी – مراٹهی" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्हस्वदृष्टी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراٹهی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – مالے" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijziendheid" title="Bijziendheid – ڈچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bijziendheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF" title="अदूर दृष्टि – نیپالی" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अदूर दृष्टि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نیپالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – جاپانی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rsynthet" title="Nærsynthet – نارویجین بوکمل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nærsynthet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارویجین بوکمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF" title="ସମୀପଦୃଷ୍ଟି – اڑیہ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସମୀପଦୃଷ୍ଟି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="اڑیہ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopiya" title="Miopiya – ازبیک" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Miopiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਨਿਕਟ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਦੋਸ਼ – پنجابی" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਕਟ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਦੋਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3tkowzroczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Krótkowzroczność – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krótkowzroczność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – پُرتگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پُرتگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopie" title="Miopie – رومینین" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miopie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Близорукость – روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Близорукость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%85%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF)" title="Миопия (ырааҕы мөлтөхтүк көрүү) – ساکھا" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Миопия (ырааҕы мөлтөхтүк көрүү)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ساکھا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – البانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="البانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1tkozrakos%C5%A5" title="Krátkozrakosť – سلوواک" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krátkozrakosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – سلووینیائی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلووینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کورتبینی – سینٹرل کردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کورتبینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="سینٹرل کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – سربین" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – سربو-کروئیشین" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سربو-کروئیشین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likin%C3%A4k%C3%B6isyys" title="Likinäköisyys – فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Likinäköisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4rsynthet" title="Närsynthet – سویڈش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Närsynthet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویڈش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="கிட்டப்பார்வை – تمل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிட்டப்பார்வை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Күрәкарау – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күрәкарау" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF" title="హ్రస్వ దృష్టి – تیلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హ్రస్వ దృష్టి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تیلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="สายตาสั้น – تھائی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สายตาสั้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تھائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopi" title="Miyopi – ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Miyopi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Короткозорість – یوکرینیائی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Короткозорість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="یوکرینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaenhyanx" title="Dagaenhyanx – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dagaenhyanx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_th%E1%BB%8B" title="Cận thị – ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cận thị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopeye" title="Miyopeye – والون" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Miyopeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="والون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A7%86" title="近视 – وو چائینیز" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="近视" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چائینیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – کینٹونیز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کینٹونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopiye" title="Miyopiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Miyopiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolong" title="Lolong – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Lolong" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q168403#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ترمیم بین اللسانی روابط" class="wbc-editpage">ترمیم روابط</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضائے نام"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="مواد پر مشتمل صفحہ دیکھیں [c]" accesskey="c"><span>صفحہ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%82_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84:%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="مضمون کے متعلق گفتگو کریں (صفحہ موجود نہیں) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>تبادلۂ خیال</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="زبان کا لہجہ بدلیں" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اردو</span> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=history" title="اس صفحہ کے سابقہ نسخے [h]" accesskey="h"><span>تاریخچہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="آلات" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">آلات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">آلات</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> اقدامات </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA"><span>مطالعہ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=edit" title="اس صفحے کے سورس کوڈ میں ترمیم کریں [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ترمیم</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=history"><span>تاریخچہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمومی </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="اُن تمام ویکی صفحات کی فہرست جو اس صفحہ سے مربوط ہیں [j]" accesskey="j"><span>مربوط صفحات</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" rel="nofollow" title="اِس صفحہ سے مربوط صفحات میں حالیہ تبدیلیاں [k]" accesskey="k"><span>متعلقہ تبدیلیاں</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جملہ خصوصی صفحات کی فہرست [q]" accesskey="q"><span>خصوصی صفحات</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&oldid=6058420" title="صفحہ کے اس نسخہ کا مستقل ربط"><span>مستقل ربط</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=info" title="اس صفحہ کے بارے میں مزید معلومات"><span>معلومات صفحہ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81&page=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&id=6058420&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="اس صفحہ کا حوالہ دینے کا طریقہ"><span>مضمون کا حوالہ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%81&url=https%3A%2F%2Fur.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA"><span>مختصر یوآرایل</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fur.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA"><span>ڈاؤن لوڈ کیوآر</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ur.wikipedia.org/s/j49m" title="اس مختصر ربط کو نقل کریں"><span>مختصر یوآرایل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> طباعت/برآمد </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ur" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Myopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Myopia.svg/220px-Myopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Myopia.svg/330px-Myopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Myopia.svg/440px-Myopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>قریبی بصارت کی تصویری پیش کش</figcaption></figure> <p><b>قریبی بصارت</b>، <b>دُور کی نظر کی کمزوری</b> یا <b>قریبی بینائی</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="انگریزی">انگریزی</a>: Near-sightedness) آنکھوں کی بینائی کا ایک بہت بڑا سقم ہے۔ اس میں روشی <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="شبکیہ">شبکیے</a> یا ریٹینا پر مرکوز ہونے کی بجائے آگے کی جانب مرکوز ہوتی ہے۔<sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_1-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_2-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-2">[2]</a></sup> اس کی وجہ دور کی اشیاء <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="دھندلی بصارت (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">دھندلی</a> دکھائی بڑتی ہیں، جب کہ قریب رکھی اشیاء معمول کے حساب سے دکھائی پڑتی ہیں<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_2-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-2">[2]</a></sup>۔ دیگر علامات میں <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="سر درد">سر درد</a> اور <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="آنکھوں کا کھینچاپن (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">آنکھوں کا کھینچاپن</a> ہوتی ہیں۔<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_2-2" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-2">[2]</a></sup> شدید نوعیت کی قریبی بصارت <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="شبکی بعیدی (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">شبکی بعیدی</a>، <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کیٹیریکٹ (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">کیٹیریکٹ</a> اور <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A4%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="گلاؤکوما (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">گلاؤکوما</a> کے خطروں کو بڑھا دیتی ہے۔ <sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_1-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="جدید_دور_میں_قریبی_بصارت_کا_عام_مشاہدہ_اور_اس_کی_ممکنہ_وجہ"><span id=".D8.AC.D8.AF.DB.8C.D8.AF_.D8.AF.D9.88.D8.B1_.D9.85.DB.8C.DA.BA_.D9.82.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.A8.DB.8C_.D8.A8.D8.B5.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AA_.DA.A9.D8.A7_.D8.B9.D8.A7.D9.85_.D9.85.D8.B4.D8.A7.DB.81.D8.AF.DB.81_.D8.A7.D9.88.D8.B1_.D8.A7.D8.B3_.DA.A9.DB.8C_.D9.85.D9.85.DA.A9.D9.86.DB.81_.D9.88.D8.AC.DB.81"></span>جدید دور میں قریبی بصارت کا عام مشاہدہ اور اس کی ممکنہ وجہ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=edit&section=1" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: جدید دور میں قریبی بصارت کا عام مشاہدہ اور اس کی ممکنہ وجہ"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>جدید دور میں یہ عام بات دیکھی گئی ہے کہ اسکولی بچے، کچھ معاملے میں <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B6%DB%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="روضۃ الاطفال (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">روضۃ الاطفال</a> تک میں پڑھنے والے بچے قریبی بصارت میں آسانی اور دور کی بینائی میں مشکل محسوس کرتے ہیں اور چہرے پر چشمے پہنے ہوتے ہیں۔ اس کی بہت سی وجوہ میں سیل فون اور ٹی وی کا بہ کثرت دیکھنا بھی ایک سبب ہو سکتا ہے۔ </p><p>تاہم <a href="/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین">چین</a> میں کی جانے والے ایک تحقیق کے مطابق روزانہ 40 منٹ باہر کھیل کھود میں گزارنا بچوں کی دُور کی نظر کی کمزوری یا قریبی بصارت کی شرح کو گھٹانے میں مددگار ثابت ہو سکتا ہے۔ جدید دور میں یہ بھی دیکھا گیا ہے کہ بچے یا تو کھیل کود کم ہی کھیلتے ہیں یا پھر کھیل نام پر کمپیوٹر اور آن لائن کھیل ہی زیادہ کھیلتے ہیں۔<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مزید_دیکھیے"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B2.DB.8C.D8.AF_.D8.AF.DB.8C.DA.A9.DA.BE.DB.8C.DB.92"></span>مزید دیکھیے</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=edit&section=2" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: مزید دیکھیے"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" class="mw-disambig" title="بصارت">بصارت</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالہ_جات"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.81_.D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>حوالہ جات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&action=edit&section=3" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: حوالہ جات"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4721619">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fos2014-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_1-0"><sup><b>ا</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_1-1"><sup><b>ب</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">PJ Foster، Y Jiang (February 2014)۔ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930282">"Epidemiology of myopia"</a>۔ Eye۔ <b>28</b> (2): 202–8۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ببمد سنترال (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930282">3930282</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="يمكن الوصول إليها بحرية"><img alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ببمد (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24406412">24406412</a>۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Feye.2013.280">10.1038/eye.2013.280</a></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+myopia&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Y&rft.aufirst=PJ&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.date=2014-02&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Eye&rft.pages=202-8&rft.volume=28&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3930282&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3930282&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Feye.2013.280&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24406412&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6342468">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 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a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-right:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIH2010-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_2-0"><sup><b>ا</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_2-1"><sup><b>ب</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_2-2"><sup><b>پ</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160728000730/https://nei.nih.gov/health/errors/errors">"Facts About Refractive Errors"</a>۔ NEI۔ October 2010۔ 28 جولائی 2016 میں <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nei.nih.gov/health/errors/errors">اصل</a> سے آرکائیو شدہ<span class="reference-accessdate">۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 30 جولا‎ئی 2016</span></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA&rft.atitle=Facts+About+Refractive+Errors&rft.date=2010-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NEI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnei.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Ferrors%2Ferrors&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">الوسيط <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; 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