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<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../../_media/elements/discharge/blank.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo" /></a> <span style="color:white;">Effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f</span></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="28" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="z">Effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f</h1> </div> </div> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal">   <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item pure-menu-selected z_menu"><a href="./" class="pure-menu-link">Effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover z_menu"><a href="./" class="pure-menu-link">Gallery of images</a> <ul class="pure-menu-children"> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="index.html">Periodic table gallery</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="heatscape.html">Heatscapes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="bar_chart.html">Bar chart </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="period_6sp.html">Period 6sp</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="period_6spd.html">Period 6spd</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="period_6spdf.html">Period 6</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="period_6d.html">Period 6d</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="period_6f.html">Period 6f</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="block_sp.html">s- and p-Block</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="block_d.html">d-Block</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item, z_menu_item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="block_f.html">f-Block</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul>     </div> <p>Consider the third electron in a lithium atom. It is affected by the charge on the nucleus (+3). However it is also repelled by the charge on the inner two electrons. Electrons in the 1s orbital are much closer to the nucleus than any electrons in the 2<em>s</em> or 2<em>p</em> orbital. The two inner electrons in the 1<em>s</em> orbital screen the third electron from the full effect of the nuclear +3 charge. The difference between the full nuclear charge, <em>Z</em>, and the screening effect of the inner two electrons is called the effective nuclear charge, or <em>Z</em><sub>eff</sub>. In general, for any many-electron atom, any particular electron will always be screened from the nucleus to some extent by the remaining electrons.</p> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_cityscape_white/eff_nuc_chg_clem_4f_city_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a periodic table cityscape style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a periodic table cityscape style.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_heatscape_white/eff_nuc_chg_clem_4f_heat_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a periodic table heatscape style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a periodic table heatscape style.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_spiral_heatscape_black/eff_nuc_chg_clem_4f_sp_h_b.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a spiral periodic table heatscape style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a spiral periodic table heatscape style.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_spiral_columns_white/eff_nuc_chg_clem_4f_sp_c_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a 3D spiral periodic table column style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a 3D spiral periodic table column style.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../../_media/periodicity/tables/periodicity_columns_white/eff_nuc_chg_clem_4f_col_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a 3D periodic table column style." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for effective nuclear charge (Clementi) - 4f in a 3D periodic table column style.</figcaption></figure> <figure></figure> <figure></figure> <div class="adsense_responsive"><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9334432533380510" data-ad-slot="4479092381" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> <h2 class="z">Units</h2> <p>nuclear charge units</p> <h2 class="heading2">Notes</h2> <p>The numbers quoted here were calculated using methods known as "self-consistent-field" (SCF) calculations.</p> <p>You can view values in a number of graphic styles for electrons contained in the follwing orbitals:</p> <ul> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_1s/">1s</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_2s/">2s</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_2p/">2p</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_3s/">3s</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_3p/">3p</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_3d/">3d</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_4s/">4s</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_4p/">4p</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_4d/">4d</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_4f/">4f</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_5s/">5s</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_5p/">5p</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_5d/">5d</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_6s/">6s</a></li> <li><a href="../eff_nuc_chg_clem_6p/">6p</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="z">Literature sources</h2> <ol> <li>E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi, <em>J. Chem. Phys.</em> 1963, <strong>38</strong>, 2686.</li> <li>E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, <em>J. Chem. Phys.</em> 1967, <strong>47</strong>, 1300.</li> </ol> </main> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="pure-table periodic-table"> <caption class="periodic_table_caption">Explore the element of your choice through this periodic table.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th class="w5">1</th> <th class="w5">2</th> <th class="w2"> </th> <th class="w5">3</th> <th class="w5">4</th> <th class="w5">5</th> <th class="w5">6</th> <th class="w5">7</th> <th class="w5">8</th> <th class="w5">9</th> <th class="w5">10</th> <th class="w5">11</th> <th class="w5">12</th> <th class="w5">13</th> <th class="w5">14</th> <th class="w5">15</th> <th class="w5">16</th> <th class="w5">17</th> <th class="w5">18</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">1</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../hydrogen/" title="Hydrogen">H</a></div> </td> <td class="v"></td> <td colspan="16" class="v"></td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">2</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../helium/" 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class="at_num">17</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../chlorine/" title="Chlorine">Cl</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">18</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../argon/" title="Argon">Ar</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">19</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../potassium/" title="Potassium">K</a></div> </td> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">20</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../calcium/" title="Calcium">Ca</a></div> </td> <td class="void"></td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">21</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../scandium/" title="Scandium">Sc</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">22</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../titanium/" title="Titanium">Ti</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">23</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../vanadium/" title="Vanadium">V</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">24</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../chromium/" title="Chromium">Cr</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">25</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../manganese/" title="Manganese">Mn</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">26</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../iron/" title="Iron">Fe</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">27</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../cobalt/" title="Cobalt">Co</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">28</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../nickel/" title="Nickel">Ni</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">29</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../copper/" title="Copper">Cu</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">30</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../zinc/" title="Zinc">Zn</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">31</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../gallium/" title="Gallium">Ga</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">32</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../germanium/" title="Germanium">Ge</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">33</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../arsenic/" title="Arsenic">As</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">34</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../selenium/" title="Selenium">Se</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">35</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../bromine/" title="Bromine">Br</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">36</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../krypton/" title="Krypton">Kr</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">37</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../rubidium/" title="Rubidium">Rb</a></div> </td> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">38</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../strontium/" title="Strontium">Sr</a></div> </td> <td class="void"></td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">39</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../yttrium/" title="Yttrium">Y</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">40</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../zirconium/" title="Zirconium">Zr</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">41</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../niobium/" title="Niobium">Nb</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">42</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../molybdenum/" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">43</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../technetium/" title="Technetium">Tc</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">44</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../ruthenium/" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">45</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../rhodium/" title="Rhodium">Rh</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">46</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../palladium/" title="Palladium">Pd</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">47</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../silver/" title="Silver">Ag</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">48</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../cadmium/" title="Cadmium">Cd</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">49</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../indium/" title="Indium">In</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">50</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tin/" title="Tin">Sn</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">51</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../antimony/" title="Antimony">Sb</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">52</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tellurium/" title="Tellurium">Te</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">53</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../iodine/" title="Iodine">I</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">54</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../xenon/" title="Xenon">Xe</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">55</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../caesium/" title="Caesium">Cs</a></div> </td> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">56</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../barium/" title="Barium">Ba</a></div> </td> <th class="asterisk">*</th> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num xd">71</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../lutetium/" title="Lutetium">Lu</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">72</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../hafnium/" title="Hafnium">Hf</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">73</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tantalum/" title="Tantalum">Ta</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">74</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tungsten/" title="Tungsten">W</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">75</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../rhenium/" title="Rhenium">Re</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">76</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../osmium/" title="Osmium">Os</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">77</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../iridium/" title="Iridium">Ir</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">78</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../platinum/" title="Platinum">Pt</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">79</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../gold/" title="Gold">Au</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">80</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../mercury/" title="Mercury">Hg</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">81</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../thallium/" title="Thallium">Tl</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">82</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../lead/" title="Lead">Pb</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">83</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../bismuth/" title="Bismuth">Bi</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">84</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../polonium/" title="Polonium">Po</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">85</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../astatine/" title="Astatine">At</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">86</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../radon/" title="Radon">Rn</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">87</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../francium/" title="Francium">Fr</a></div> </td> <td class="s"> <div class="at_num">88</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../radium/" title="Radium">Ra</a></div> </td> <th class="v">**</th> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">103</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../lawrencium/" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">104</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../rutherfordium/" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">105</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../dubnium/" title="Dubnium">Db</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">106</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../seaborgium/" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">107</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../bohrium/" title="Bohrium">Bh</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">108</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../hassium/" title="Hassium">Hs</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">109</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../meitnerium/" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">110</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../darmstadtium/" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">111</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../roentgenium/" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a></div> </td> <td class="d"> <div class="at_num">112</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../copernicium/" title="Copernicium">Cn</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">113</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../nihonium/" title="Nihonium">Nh</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">114</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../flerovium/" title="Flerovium">Fl</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">115</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../moscovium/" title="Moscovium">Mc</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">116</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../livermorium/" title="Livermorium">Lv</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">117</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../tennessine/" title="Tennessine">Ts</a></div> </td> <td class="p"> <div class="at_num">118</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../oganesson/" title="Oganesson">Og</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" class="v"> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="lbl" colspan="2">*Lanthanoids</th> <th class="v">*</th> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">57</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../lanthanum/" title="Lanthanum">La</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">58</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../cerium/" title="Cerium">Ce</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">59</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../praseodymium/" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">60</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../neodymium/" title="Neodymium">Nd</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">61</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../promethium/" title="Promethium">Pm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">62</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../samarium/" title="Samarium">Sm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">63</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../europium/" title="Europium">Eu</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">64</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../gadolinium/" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">65</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../terbium/" title="Terbium">Tb</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">66</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../dysprosium/" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">67</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../holmium/" title="Holmium">Ho</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">68</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../erbium/" title="Erbium">Er</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">69</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../thulium/" title="Thulium">Tm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">70</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../ytterbium/" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a></div> </td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="lbl" colspan="2">**Actinoids</th> <th class="v">**</th> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">89</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../actinium/" title="Actinium">Ac</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">90</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../thorium/" title="Thorium">Th</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">91</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../protactinium/" title="Protactinium">Pa</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">92</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../uranium/" title="Uranium">U</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">93</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../neptunium/" title="Neptunium">Np</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">94</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../plutonium/" title="Plutonium">Pu</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">95</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../americium/" title="Americium">Am</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">96</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../curium/" title="Curium">Cm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">97</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../berkelium/" title="Berkelium">Bk</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">98</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../californium/" title="Californium">Cf</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">99</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../einsteinium/" title="Einsteinium">Es</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">100</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../fermium/" title="Fermium">Fm</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">101</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../mendelevium/" title="Mendelevium">Md</a></div> </td> <td class="f"> <div class="at_num">102</div> <div class="sym"><a class="sym" href="../../nobelium/" title="Nobelium">No</a></div> </td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" 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