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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:27em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid">The 8 Balls</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_class_of_NASA_astronauts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Official group portrait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2013_class_of_NASA_astronauts.jpg/220px-2013_class_of_NASA_astronauts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2013_class_of_NASA_astronauts.jpg/330px-2013_class_of_NASA_astronauts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2013_class_of_NASA_astronauts.jpg/440px-2013_class_of_NASA_astronauts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Group 21 astronauts. Back row, L-R: Meir, Cassada, Glover, Morgan and Koch. Front row, L-R: McClain, Hague and Mann</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year selected</th><td class="infobox-data">2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number selected</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_20" title="NASA Astronaut Group 20">20 (2009)</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">22 (2017)</a> →</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2011 <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> opened applications for <b>Astronaut Group 21</b>. The team was announced in June 2013 after a year and a half long search. With four men and four women, the class of 2013 had the highest percentage of female finalists.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to NASA astronaut <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Rubins" title="Kathleen Rubins">Kathleen Rubins</a>, "it's… a reflection of how many really talented women are in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> these days."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA received a total of over 6,300 applications, which made it the second highest number received at the time (the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">class of 2017</a> surpassed both records with a total of more than 18,300).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the upcoming class is given a nickname by the previous class. Following this custom, the class of 2009 (also known as "The Chumps") christened the 2013 class the "Eight Balls" in reference to there being eight of them. Bob Behnken, then <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief of the Astronaut Office</a>, stated in an interview that the name further represents that, "The eight ball [in billiards or pool] is played last and the hope from the preceding class is that the [2013 astronaut candidates] will be assigned after all of them [fly]."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team consists of eight people, <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica Meir</a>, Ph.D., Major <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Aunapu_Mann" title="Nicole Aunapu Mann">Nicole Mann</a>, Lt. Commander <a href="/wiki/Josh_A._Cassada" title="Josh A. Cassada">Josh Cassada</a>, Ph.D., Lt. Colonel <a href="/wiki/Nick_Hague" title="Nick Hague">Tyler Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Christina Koch</a>, Major <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Morgan" title="Andrew R. Morgan">Andrew Morgan</a>, M.D., Lt. Commander <a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Victor Glover</a>, and Lt. Colonel <a href="/wiki/Anne_McClain" title="Anne McClain">Anne McClain</a>. </p><p>Of the five members of the group who have flown in space as of April 2020, all five place on the list of then longest spaceflights for NASA astronauts, with Koch holding the record for the longest single spaceflight for a woman. Meir and Koch were also the first women to participate in an all-female spacewalk. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Astronaut_Group_21&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 9, 1959 the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA) announced the finalists for <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Astronaut Group 1</a>. This group of seven <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronauts</a>, also sometimes known as the "Original Seven" or the "Mercury Seven" were a part of the first human spaceflight program, called <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the original group, the total number of astronaut groups has grown to 22 as of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Group 21 class joined 47 other active NASA astronauts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selection_and_training">Selection and training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Astronaut_Group_21&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Selection and training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png/220px-2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png/330px-2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png/440px-2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Patch</figcaption></figure> <p>A requirement for selection to the astronaut program is to have <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> citizenship and a degree in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">math</a>. In addition, three years of professional experience for non-pilots and at least 1000 hours of jet flight time for pilots is required. Community service is an advantage. Lastly, applicants must be able to pass the NASA flight physical.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The selection process takes approximately 18 months.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Astronaut candidates go through two years of training. They study <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, earth and space <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, meteorology and <a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">space station</a> systems. They also undergo strenuous survival training including scuba certification and swim test qualifications. After this stage, the astronauts who are selected to continue work with senior astronauts who mentor them in furthering their training. In the final training period, the <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronauts</a> focus on the specific requirements for their mission.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Group_members">Group members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Astronaut_Group_21&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Group members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/NASA_Astronaut_Group_21" title="Special:EditPage/NASA Astronaut Group 21">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS-60_Four_NASA_astronauts_pose_in_the_Harmony_module.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/ISS-60_Four_NASA_astronauts_pose_in_the_Harmony_module.jpg/220px-ISS-60_Four_NASA_astronauts_pose_in_the_Harmony_module.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/ISS-60_Four_NASA_astronauts_pose_in_the_Harmony_module.jpg/330px-ISS-60_Four_NASA_astronauts_pose_in_the_Harmony_module.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/ISS-60_Four_NASA_astronauts_pose_in_the_Harmony_module.jpg/440px-ISS-60_Four_NASA_astronauts_pose_in_the_Harmony_module.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nick_Hague" title="Nick Hague">Nick Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Morgan" title="Andrew R. Morgan">Andrew Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Christina Koch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica Meir</a> inside ISS, 25 September 2019.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josh_A._Cassada" title="Josh A. Cassada">Josh A. Cassada</a>, born 18 July 1973, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> <ul><li>Pilot – <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-5" title="SpaceX Crew-5">SpaceX Crew-5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_68" title="Expedition 68">Expedition 68</a>) – 5 October 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Victor J. Glover</a>, born 30 April 1976, <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona</a>, California <ul><li>Pilot – <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-1" title="SpaceX Crew-1">SpaceX Crew-1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_64" title="Expedition 64">Expedition 64</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_65" title="Expedition 65">65</a>) – 16 November 2020</li> <li><i>Pilot – <a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> (future flight)</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Hague" title="Nick Hague">Nick Hague</a>, born 24 September 1975, <a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Kansas" title="Belleville, Kansas">Belleville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> <ul><li>Flight Engineer – <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-10" title="Soyuz MS-10">Soyuz MS-10</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_57" title="Expedition 57">Expedition 57</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_58" title="Expedition 58">58</a>) – 11 October 2018 (Aborted sub-orbital)</li> <li>Flight Engineer – <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-12" title="Soyuz MS-12">Soyuz MS-12</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_59" title="Expedition 59">Expedition 59</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_60" title="Expedition 60">60</a>) – 14 March 2019</li> <li>Commander – <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-9" title="SpaceX Crew-9">SpaceX Crew-9</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_72" title="Expedition 72">Expedition 72</a>) – 24 September 2024</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Christina Koch</a>, born 29 January 1979, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> <ul><li>Flight Engineer – <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-12" title="Soyuz MS-12">Soyuz MS-12</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_59" title="Expedition 59">Expedition 59</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_60" title="Expedition 60">60</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_61" title="Expedition 61">61</a>) – 14 March 2019</li> <li><i>Mission Specialist – <a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> (future flight)</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Aunapu_Mann" title="Nicole Aunapu Mann">Nicole Aunapu Mann</a>, born 27 June 1977, <a href="/wiki/Petaluma,_California" title="Petaluma, California">Petaluma</a>, California <ul><li>Commander – <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-5" title="SpaceX Crew-5">SpaceX Crew-5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_68" title="Expedition 68">Expedition 68</a>) – 5 October 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McClain" title="Anne McClain">Anne McClain</a>, born 7 June 1979, <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> <ul><li>Flight Engineer – <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-11" title="Soyuz MS-11">Soyuz MS-11</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_58" title="Expedition 58">Expedition 58</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_59" title="Expedition 59">59</a>) – 3 December 2018</li> <li><i>Commander – <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-10" title="SpaceX Crew-10">SpaceX Crew-10</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_72" title="Expedition 72">Expedition 72</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_73" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition 73">73</a>) (future flight)</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica U. Meir</a>, Ph. D, born 1 July 1977, <a href="/wiki/Caribou,_Maine" title="Caribou, Maine">Caribou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> <ul><li>Flight Engineer – <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-15" title="Soyuz MS-15">Soyuz MS-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_61" title="Expedition 61">Expedition 61</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_62" title="Expedition 62">62</a>) - 25 September 2019</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Morgan" title="Andrew R. Morgan">Andrew R. Morgan</a>, MD, born 5 February 1976, <a href="/wiki/Morgantown,_West_Virginia" title="Morgantown, West Virginia">Morgantown</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> <ul><li>Flight Engineer – <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-13" title="Soyuz MS-13">Soyuz MS-13</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_60" title="Expedition 60">Expedition 60</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_61" title="Expedition 61">61</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_62" title="Expedition 62">62</a>) - 20 July 2019</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Astronaut_Group_21&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2013 class was originally thought to be the "first who will be trained for exploration beyond Earth orbit since the Apollo years." Their first goal was to have been to visit a near-earth asteroid in 2020, as preparation for an eventual mission to Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, current NASA goals do not include an asteroid mission. </p><p>All eight members of the group have completed their training and have flown or are currently flying. Five were assigned to <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz</a> expeditions to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS), with Hague as the first of the class to be assigned to fly, aboard Expedition 57/58 in November 2018, his flight being aborted during launch. McClain was on 58/59, Hammock Koch and Hague (on his reflight) on 59/60, Morgan on 60/61 and Meir on 61/62. Three other members were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Crew Development">Commercial Crew</a> cadre for flights to the <a href="/wiki/ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISS">ISS</a>: Mann was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Boe-CFT" class="mw-redirect" title="Boe-CFT">Boe-CFT</a> and Cassada on <a href="/wiki/CTS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="CTS-1">CTS-1</a>, both aboard <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Starliner" title="Boeing Starliner">Boeing's Starliner</a>, and Glover was assigned to <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">SpaceX's Dragon 2</a>. Glover flew on <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-1" title="SpaceX Crew-1">SpaceX Crew-1</a>, and Mann and Cassada were subsequently reassigned to Crew Dragon due to delays to Boeing Starliner entering service. Both flew on <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-5" title="SpaceX Crew-5">SpaceX Crew-5</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Astronaut_Group_21&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">NASA Astronaut Group 22</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Astronaut_Group_21&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNASA2013" class="citation cs2">NASA (June 17, 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxXi1xfdhr4"><i>Astronaut Class of 2013</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronaut+Class+of+2013&rft.date=2013-06-17&rft.au=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOxXi1xfdhr4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANASA+Astronaut+Group+21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiler2013" class="citation news cs1">Hiler, Katie (June 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/science/space/nasas-new-class-of-astronauts-gives-parity-to-men-and-women.html">"NASA's New Class of Astronauts Gives Parity to Men and Women"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/oct/HQ_11-336_Astronaut_Candidate_Class.html">Official announcement from NASA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/AstroClass2013">AstroClass2013</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6952378#P2002" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png/30px-2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png/40px-2013_class_of_NASA_emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_20" title="NASA Astronaut Group 20">NASA Astronaut Group 20</a> ← NASA Astronaut Group 21 → <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">NASA Astronaut Group 22</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josh_A._Cassada" title="Josh A. Cassada">Josh A. Cassada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Victor J. Glover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Hague" title="Nick Hague">Nick Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Christina Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Aunapu_Mann" title="Nicole Aunapu Mann">Nicole Aunapu Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McClain" title="Anne McClain">Anne McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Morgan" title="Andrew R. Morgan">Andrew R. Morgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_NASA_Astronaut_Groups_*_NASA_Astronaut_Corps" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps#Selection_groups" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_3" title="NASA Astronaut Group 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_4" title="NASA Astronaut Group 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_5" title="NASA Astronaut Group 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_6" title="NASA Astronaut Group 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_7" title="NASA Astronaut Group 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_10" title="NASA Astronaut Group 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_11" title="NASA Astronaut Group 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_13" title="NASA Astronaut Group 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="NASA Astronaut Group 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_15" title="NASA Astronaut Group 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_16" title="NASA Astronaut Group 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_17" title="NASA Astronaut Group 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_18" title="NASA Astronaut Group 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_19" title="NASA Astronaut Group 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_20" title="NASA Astronaut Group 20">20</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_23" title="NASA Astronaut Group 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_24" title="NASA Astronaut Group 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">List of astronauts by year of selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Astronaut ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_astronauts" title="List of United States Marine Corps astronauts">List of United States Marine Corps astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Space_Force_astronauts" title="List of United States Space Force astronauts">List of United States Space Force astronauts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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