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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Fundamentele+wisselwerking" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Fundamentele+wisselwerking" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Oorsig van die fundamentele wisselwerkings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorsig_van_die_fundamentele_wisselwerkings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fundamentele wisselwerking</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 74 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentale_Wechselwirkung" title="Fundamentale Wechselwirkung – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fundamentale Wechselwirkung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قوة أساسية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوة أساسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaiciones_fundamentales" title="Interaiciones fundamentales – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Interaiciones fundamentales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_qar%C5%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1ql%C4%B1_t%C9%99sirl%C9%99r" title="Fundamental qarşılıqlı təsirlər – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fundamental qarşılıqlı təsirlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundkroft" title="Grundkroft – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grundkroft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Фундаментальныя ўзаемадзеянні – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фундаментальныя ўзаемадзеянні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Фундаментално взаимодействие – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фундаментално взаимодействие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="মৌলিক বল – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মৌলিক বল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalne_interakcije" title="Fundamentalne interakcije – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fundamentalne interakcije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_fonamentals" title="Forces fonamentals – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Forces fonamentals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1kladn%C3%AD_interakce" title="Základní interakce – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Základní interakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5-%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%C3%A7_%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Никĕсле хире-хирĕç вăйăмсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Никĕсле хире-хирĕç вăйăмсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturkr%C3%A6fter" title="Naturkræfter – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Naturkræfter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentale_Wechselwirkung" title="Fundamentale Wechselwirkung – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fundamentale Wechselwirkung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Θεμελιώδης αλληλεπίδραση – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θεμελιώδης αλληλεπίδραση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction" title="Fundamental interaction – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fundamental interaction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamenta_forto" title="Fundamenta forto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fundamenta forto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interacciones_fundamentales" title="Interacciones fundamentales – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interacciones fundamentales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentaalne_vastastikm%C3%B5ju" title="Fundamentaalne vastastikmõju – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fundamentaalne vastastikmõju" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oinarrizko_elkarrekintza" title="Oinarrizko elkarrekintza – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oinarrizko elkarrekintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نیروهای بنیادی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروهای بنیادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusvuorovaikutus" title="Perusvuorovaikutus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perusvuorovaikutus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire" title="Interaction élémentaire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interaction élémentaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnjkr%C3%A4%C3%A4ft" title="Grünjkrääft – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Grünjkrääft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93" title="כוחות היסוד – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כוחות היסוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मूलभूत अन्योन्य क्रिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मूलभूत अन्योन्य क्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalne_interakcije" title="Fundamentalne interakcije – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fundamentalne interakcije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A8raksyon_elemant%C3%A8" title="Entèraksyon elemantè – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Entèraksyon elemantè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alapvet%C5%91_k%C3%B6lcs%C3%B6nhat%C3%A1sok" title="Alapvető kölcsönhatások – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alapvető kölcsönhatások" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80_%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հիմնարար փոխազդեցություններ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիմնարար փոխազդեցություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaksi_dasar" title="Interaksi dasar – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Interaksi dasar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumkraftur" title="Frumkraftur – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumkraftur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interazioni_fondamentali" title="Interazioni fondamentali – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interazioni fondamentali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="基本相互作用 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="基本相互作用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ფუნდამენტური ურთიერთქმედება – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფუნდამენტური ურთიერთქმედება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83" title="Фундаменталды әсерлесу – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фундаменталды әсерлесу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="기본 상호작용 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기본 상호작용" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interassiun_fundamentaj" title="Interassiun fundamentaj – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Interassiun fundamentaj" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalioji_s%C4%85veika" title="Fundamentalioji sąveika – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fundamentalioji sąveika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundament%C4%81l%C4%81_mijiedarb%C4%ABba" title="Fundamentālā mijiedarbība – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fundamentālā mijiedarbība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="അടിസ്ഥാനബലങ്ങൾ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അടിസ്ഥാനബലങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Үндсэн харилцан үйлчлэл – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үндсэн харилцан үйлчлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%81%E1%80%B6_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="အခြေခံ သက်ရောက်မှုကြီး – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အခြေခံ သက်ရောက်မှုကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundkr%C3%A4ft_vun_de_Physik" title="Grundkräft vun de Physik – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grundkräft vun de Physik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="आधारभूत अन्तर्क्रिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आधारभूत अन्तर्क्रिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentele_natuurkracht" title="Fundamentele natuurkracht – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fundamentele natuurkracht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_kraft" title="Fundamental kraft – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fundamental kraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalkraft" title="Fundamentalkraft – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fundamentalkraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A2%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮੁਢਲਾ ਮੇਲ-ਜੋਲ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਢਲਾ ਮੇਲ-ਜੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oddzia%C5%82ywania_podstawowe" title="Oddziaływania podstawowe – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oddziaływania podstawowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a_fundamental" title="Força fundamental – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Força fundamental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biune_fundamental%C4%83" title="Interacțiune fundamentală – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Interacțiune fundamentală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фундаментальные взаимодействия – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фундаментальные взаимодействия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnovne_sile" title="Osnovne sile – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osnovne sile" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction" title="Fundamental interaction – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Fundamental interaction" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_force" title="Fundamental force – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fundamental force" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1kladn%C3%A1_interakcia" title="Základná interakcia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Základná interakcia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnovna_sila" title="Osnovna sila – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osnovna sila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Фундаменталне силе – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фундаменталне силе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_v%C3%A4xelverkan" title="Fundamental växelverkan – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fundamental växelverkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அடிப்படை விசைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அடிப்படை விசைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="నాలుగు ప్రాథమిక బలాలు – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాలుగు ప్రాథమిక బలాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อันตรกิริยาพื้นฐาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันตรกิริยาพื้นฐาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaksyong_pundamental" title="Interaksyong pundamental – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Interaksyong pundamental" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temel_kuvvet" title="Temel kuvvet – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Temel kuvvet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Фундаменталь тәэсир итешүләр – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фундаменталь тәэсир итешүләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Фундаментальной герӟаськонъёс – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Фундаментальной герӟаськонъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Фундаментальні взаємодії – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фундаментальні взаємодії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84" title="بنیادی تفاعل – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنیادی تفاعل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_c%C6%A1_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Tương tác cơ bản – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tương tác cơ bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="基本相互作用 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基本相互作用" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="基本相互作用 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基本相互作用" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-p%C3%BAn-la%CC%8Dt" title="Ki-pún-la̍t – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ki-pún-la̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="基本相互作用 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基本相互作用" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104934#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Elementary_particle_interactions-af.svg/360px-Elementary_particle_interactions-af.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Elementary_particle_interactions-af.svg/480px-Elementary_particle_interactions-af.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Bosone dra die vier fundamentele kragte oor.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg/240px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg/360px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg/480px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>Die deeltjies van die Standaardmodel.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a> is daar vier <b>fundamentele wisselwerkings</b>, ook bekend as <b>basiese natuurkragte</b>. Alle kragte volg uit dié vier basiese wisselwerkings. Hulle is die <a href="/wiki/Swaartekrag" title="Swaartekrag">swaartekrag</a>- en die <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetiese wisselwerking</a>, wat aansienlike kragte oor ’n lang afstand produseer waarvan die uitwerking in die alledaagse lewe gesien kan word, en die <a href="/wiki/Sterk_wisselwerking" title="Sterk wisselwerking">sterk</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Swak_wisselwerking" title="Swak wisselwerking">swak wisselwerking</a>, wat kragte op subatomiese afstande produseer. </p><p>Sommige wetenskaplikes<sup id="cite_ref-Fackler_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fackler-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weisstein_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisstein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> glo daar bestaan dalk ’n <a href="/wiki/Vyfde_krag" title="Vyfde krag">vyfde krag</a>, maar dit word nie algemeen aanvaar nie en is nog nie bewys nie. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werking">Werking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Werking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Werking"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elk van die bekende fundamentele wisselwerkings kan wiskundig as ’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veld_(fisika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veld (fisika) (bladsy bestaan nie)">veld</a> beskryf word. Swaartekrag word toegeskryf aan die kromming van <a href="/wiki/Ruimtetyd" title="Ruimtetyd">ruimtetyd</a>, wat deur <a href="/wiki/Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein">Einstein</a> se <a href="/wiki/Algemene_relatiwiteitsteorie" class="mw-redirect" title="Algemene relatiwiteitsteorie">algemene relatiwiteitsteorie</a> beskryf word. Die ander drie is diskrete <a href="/wiki/Kwantum" title="Kwantum">kwantumvelde</a> en hul wisselwerkings word bemiddel deur <a href="/wiki/Element%C3%AAre_deeltjie" title="Elementêre deeltjie">elementêre deeltjies</a> wat in die <a href="/wiki/Standaardmodel" title="Standaardmodel">Standaardmodel</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> van <a href="/wiki/Deeltjiefisika" title="Deeltjiefisika">deeltjiefisika</a> beskryf word. </p><p>Binne die Standaardmodel word die sterk wisselwerking oorgedra deur ’n deeltjie met die naam <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluon</a> en is dit verantwoordelik vir die binding van <a href="/wiki/Kwark" title="Kwark">kwarke</a> om <a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">hadrone</a> soos <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protone</a> en <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrone</a> te vorm. As ’n nawerking skep dit die <a href="/wiki/Kernkrag" title="Kernkrag">kernkrag</a> wat laasgenoemde deeltjies bind om <a href="/wiki/Atoomkern" title="Atoomkern">atoomkerns</a> te vorm. Die swak wisselwerking word oorgedra deur deeltjies bekend as <a href="/wiki/W-_en_Z-bosone" title="W- en Z-bosone">W- en Z-bosone</a>. Dit werk ook in op die kerns van <a href="/wiki/Atome" class="mw-redirect" title="Atome">atome</a> en bemiddel <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiewe_verval" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktiewe verval">radioaktiewe verval</a>. Die elektromagnetiese krag, wat deur <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotone</a> oorgedra word, skep <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_veld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektriese veld (bladsy bestaan nie)">elektriese</a> en <a href="/wiki/Magneetveld" title="Magneetveld">magneetvelde</a> wat verantwoordelik is vir die aantrekking tussen wentelende <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrone</a> en atoomkerns, en dit hou atome bymekaar. Dit is ook verantwoordelik vir <a href="/wiki/Chemiese_binding" title="Chemiese binding">chemiese binding</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnetiese_golf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnetiese golf (bladsy bestaan nie)">elektromagnetiese golwe</a>, insluitende <a href="/wiki/Sigbare_lig" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigbare lig">sigbare lig</a>, en vorm die grondslag vir elektriese tegnologie. Hoewel die elektromagnetiese krag baie sterker as swaartekrag is, is dit geneig om homself in groot voorwerpe uit te kanselleer. Oor die grootste afstande (op die skaal van <a href="/wiki/Planete" class="mw-redirect" title="Planete">planete</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sterrestelsel" title="Sterrestelsel">sterrestelsels</a>) is swaartekrag dus geneig om die oorheersende krag te wees. </p><p>Al vier fundamentele kragte is vermoedelik verwant en by hoë energieë op ’n minuskule lengte, die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plancklengte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plancklengte (bladsy bestaan nie)">Plancklengte</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in ’n enkele krag verenig. <a href="/wiki/Deeltjieversneller" title="Deeltjieversneller">Deeltjieversnellers</a> kan egter nie die enorme energieë opwek wat nodig is om dit eksperimenteel te ondersoek nie. Pogings om ’n algemene teoretiese raamwerk op te stel wat die verhouding tussen die kragte sal verduidelik, is vandag moontlik die grootste mikpunt van teoretiese fisici. Die swak en die elektromagnetiese krag is reeds verenig met die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektroswak_teorie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektroswak teorie (bladsy bestaan nie)">elektroswak teorie</a> van Sheldon Glashow<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Abdus Salam<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en Steven Weinberg,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en daarvoor het hulle in 1979 die <a href="/wiki/Nobelprys_vir_fisika" title="Nobelprys vir fisika">Nobelprys vir fisika</a> gewen. Die kombinasie van die sterk krag met dié twee kragte (die "teorie van die groot vereniging") is goed onderweg, hoewel daar nog geen eksperimentele bewys voor is nie. Die kombinasie van swaartekrag en die ander wisselwerkings (die <a href="/wiki/Teorie_van_alles" title="Teorie van alles">teorie van alles</a>), is egter nog steeds problematies omdat swaartekrag deur die algemene relatiwiteitsteorie beskryf word en die ander kragte deur die kwantumteorie, en hulle is moeilik verenigbaar. </p> <table style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" class="wikitable floatcenter"> <caption><b>Die vier fundamentele wisselwerkings van die natuur</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="" rowspan="2">Eienskap/wisselwerking </th> <th style="background-color:#8080BF" rowspan="2">Swaartekrag </th> <th style="background-color:#BFBF80">Swak </th> <th style="background-color:#BF8080">Elektromagneties </th> <th style="background-color:#80BF80" colspan="2">Sterk </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#BFA080" colspan="2"><small>(Elektroswak)</small> </th> <th style="background-color:#AAD4AA"><small>Fundamenteel</small> </th> <th style="background-color:#D5EAD5"><small>Residueel</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Werk in op: </td> <td align="center">Massa/energie </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geur_(deeltjiefisika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geur (deeltjiefisika) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Geur</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Elektriese_lading" title="Elektriese lading">Elektriese lading</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kleurlading" title="Kleurlading">Kleurlading</a> </td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gebonde toestande gevorm: </td> <td align="center">Planete, sterre, sonnestelsel, sterrestelsels </td> <td align="center"><small>n.b.</small> </td> <td align="center">Atome, molekules </td> <td align="center">Hadrone </td> <td align="center">Atoomkern </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deeltjies wat ondervind: </td> <td align="center">Alle deeltjies </td> <td align="center">Linkerhandse <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermione</a> </td> <td align="center">Met elektriese lading </td> <td align="center">Kwarke, gluone </td> <td align="center">Hadrone </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deeltjies wat bemiddel: </td> <td align="center"><small>Nog nie waargeneem</small><br /><small>(hipoteties swaartekrag)</small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/W-_en_Z-bosone" title="W- en Z-bosone">W<sup>+</sup>, W<sup>−</sup> en Z<sup>0</sup></a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">γ</a> (foton) </td> <td align="center">Gluone </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pion_(deeltjie)" title="Pion (deeltjie)">π</a>-, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho-meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rho-meson (bladsy bestaan nie)">ρ</a>- en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega-meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega-meson (bladsy bestaan nie)">ω</a>-<a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">mesone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sterkte op die skaal van kwarke: </td> <td align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">10<sup>−41</sup></span><small>(voorspel)</small> </td> <td align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">10<sup>−4</sup></span> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">60 </td> <td align="center"><small>Nie betrekking<br />op kwarke</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sterkte op die skaal van <br />protone/neutrone: </td> <td align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">10<sup>−36</sup></span><small>(voorspel)</small> </td> <td align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap">10<sup>−7</sup></span> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center"><small>Nie betrekking <br />op hadrone</small> </td> <td align="center">20 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oorsig_van_die_fundamentele_wisselwerkings">Oorsig van die fundamentele wisselwerkings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Oorsig van die fundamentele wisselwerkings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Oorsig van die fundamentele wisselwerkings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die begripsmodel van fundamentele wisselwerkings bestaan <a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">materie</a> uit <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermione</a>, wat eienskappe het soos ladings en <a href="/wiki/Spin_(fisika)" title="Spin (fisika)">spin</a> ±<span style="white-space:nowrap" class="template-frac"><sup>1</sup><big>⁄</big><sub>2</sub></span>. Hulle trek mekaar aan of stoot mekaar af deur <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosone</a> uit te ruil. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Particle_overview_af.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Particle_overview_af.png/400px-Particle_overview_af.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Particle_overview_af.png/600px-Particle_overview_af.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Particle_overview_af.png/800px-Particle_overview_af.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>’n Oorsig van die verskeie families van elementêre en saamgestelde deeltjies en die teorieë wat hul wisselwerking beskryf.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die model vir die wisselwerking van enige paar fermione lyk dan so: </p> <dl><dd>Twee fermione gaan in → <i>wisselwerking</i> deur bosonuitruiling → twee veranderde fermione kom uit.</dd></dl> <p>Die uitruiling van bosone dra altyd <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Momentum" title="Momentum">momentum</a> oor tussen die fermione, en verander so hul snelheid en rigting. Die uitruiling kan ook ’n lading tussen die fermione vervoer en die ladings van die fermione in die proses verander (dus een soort fermion in ’n ander verander). Omdat bosone een eenheid hoekmomentum het, sal die fermion se spinrigting verander van +<span style="white-space:nowrap" class="template-frac"><sup>1</sup><big>⁄</big><sub>2</sub></span> in −<span style="white-space:nowrap" class="template-frac"><sup>1</sup><big>⁄</big><sub>2</sub></span> (of omgekeerd). </p><p>Omdat ’n wisselwerking daartoe lei dat fermione mekaar aantrek en afstoot, is "krag" ’n ouer term vir wisselwerking. </p><p>Die magnitude en gedrag van die vier fundamentele kragte verskil grootliks, soos in die tabel onder gesien kan word. Moderne fisici probeer elke waargenome fisiese verskynsel aan die hand van hierdie fundamentele wisselwerkings verduidelik. Dit blyk ook wenslik te wees om die getal verskillende soorte wisselwerkings te verminder. Twee voorbeelde hiervan is die kombinasie van: </p> <ul><li>die elektriese en die magnetiese krag in die elektromagnetiese krag;</li> <li>die elektromagnetiese en die swak krag in die elektroswak krag.</li></ul> <p>Beide magnitude ("relatiewe sterkte") en "reikwydte", soos in die tabel aangedui, is net betekenisvol binne ’n taamlik ingewikkelde teoretiese raamwerk. Kennis moet ook geneem word dat die tabel eienskappe van ’n begripskema lys wat nog ondersoek word. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Wisselwerking</th> <th>Huidige teorie</th> <th>Bemiddelaars</th> <th>Relatiewe sterkte</th> <th>Langafstandgedrag</th> <th>Reikwydte (m) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Swak</td> <td>Elektroswak teorie (EWT)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/W-_en_Z-bosone" title="W- en Z-bosone">W- en Z-bosone</a></td> <td>10<sup>25</sup></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r}}\ e^{-m_{W,Z}\ r}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>W</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>Z</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r}}\ e^{-m_{W,Z}\ r}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dd05beee0562ce370adf0d9f346e7165b06a0f17" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.837ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r}}\ e^{-m_{W,Z}\ r}}"></span></td> <td>10<sup>−18</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sterk</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kwantumchromodinamika" title="Kwantumchromodinamika">Kwantumchromodinamika</a> <br />(QCD)</td> <td>Gluone</td> <td>10<sup>38</sup></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sim r}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∼</mo> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sim r}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cff9c23d9722391f9e44fc078fe25e76a82db03e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.502ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sim r}}"></span><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Kleurinperking" title="Kleurinperking">kleurinperking</a></td> <td>10<sup>−15</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elektromagneties</td> <td>Kwantumelektrodinamika <br />(QED)</td> <td>Fotone</td> <td>10<sup>36</sup></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/666de2acbcfe406e29ed189c3a8a5ea2c1a5870d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:2.939ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}}"></span></td> <td>∞ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Swaartekrag</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algemene_relatiwiteit" title="Algemene relatiwiteit">Algemene relatiwiteit</a><br />(GR)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Gravitone</a> (hipoteties)</td> <td>1</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/666de2acbcfe406e29ed189c3a8a5ea2c1a5870d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:2.939ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{r^{2}}}}"></span></td> <td>∞ </td></tr></tbody></table></center> <p>Die moderne <a href="/wiki/Kwantummeganika" title="Kwantummeganika">kwantummeganiese</a> siening van die fundamentele kragte buiten swaartekrag is dat materiedeeltjies (fermione) nie regstreeks in ’n wisselwerking betrokke is nie, maar ’n lading het en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtuele_deeltjie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtuele deeltjie (bladsy bestaan nie)">virtuele deeltjies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ykboson" title="Ykboson">ykbosone</a>) uitruil wat die kragdraers of <span style="white-space:nowrap">-bemiddelaars</span> is. Fotone bemiddel byvoorbeeld die wisselwerking van <a href="/wiki/Elektriese_lading" title="Elektriese lading">elektriese ladings</a>, en gluone bemiddel die wisselwerking van <a href="/wiki/Kleurlading" title="Kleurlading">kleurladings</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fackler-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fackler_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFFacklerTran1988" class="citation book cs1">Fackler, Orrin; Tran, J. 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Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+of+Science&rft.atitle=Fifth+Force&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Weisstein&rft.aufirst=Eric+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceworld.wolfram.com%2Fphysics%2FFifthForce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFundamentele+wisselwerking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFranklinFischbach2016" class="citation book cs1">Franklin, Allan; Fischbach, Ephraim (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7giyCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=%22fifth+force%22"><i>The Rise and Fall of the Fifth Force: Discovery, Pursuit, and Justification in Modern Physics, 2nd Ed</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3319284126" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3319284126"><bdi>3319284126</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Fifth+Force%3A+Discovery%2C+Pursuit%2C+and+Justification+in+Modern+Physics%2C+2nd+Ed.&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=3319284126&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft.au=Fischbach%2C+Ephraim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7giyCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA146%26dq%3D%2522fifth%2Bforce%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFundamentele+wisselwerking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/standard-model/">"The Standard Model of Particle Physics | symmetry magazine"</a>. <i>www.symmetrymagazine.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Oktober</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.symmetrymagazine.org&rft.atitle=The+Standard+Model+of+Particle+Physics+%7C+symmetry+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.symmetrymagazine.org%2Fstandard-model%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFundamentele+wisselwerking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/the-planck-scale">"The Planck scale"</a>. <i>symmetry magazine</i> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401223326/https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/the-planck-scale">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Oktober</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=symmetry+magazine&rft.atitle=The+Planck+scale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.symmetrymagazine.org%2Farticle%2Fthe-planck-scale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFundamentele+wisselwerking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/glashow/auto-biography/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181023000015/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/glashow/auto-biography/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 23 Oktober 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Oktober</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1979%2Fglashow%2Fauto-biography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFundamentele+wisselwerking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/biographical/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304064217/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/biographical/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 4 Maart 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Oktober</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1979%2Fsalam%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFundamentele+wisselwerking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/weinberg/auto-biography/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181031020026/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/weinberg/auto-biography/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 31 Oktober 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Oktober</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1979%2Fweinberg%2Fauto-biography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFundamentele+wisselwerking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pha.jhu.edu/~dfehling/particle.gif">"Standard Model of Particles and Interactions"</a>. <i>jhu.edu</i> (in Engels). Johns Hopkins University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021050116/http://www.pha.jhu.edu/~dfehling/particle.gif">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 21 Oktober 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Augustus</span> 2016</span>. <q>.gif</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jhu.edu&rft.atitle=Standard+Model+of+Particles+and+Interactions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pha.jhu.edu%2F~dfehling%2Fparticle.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFundamentele+wisselwerking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/15px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/23px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction" class="extiw" title="en:Fundamental interaction">Engelse Wikipedia</a></i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&oldid=2493163">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_wisselwerking&oldid=2493163</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Kernfisika" title="Kategorie:Kernfisika">Kernfisika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Kwantummeganika" title="Kategorie:Kwantummeganika">Kwantummeganika</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(en)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (en)">AS1-bronne in Engels (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 14 April 2022 om 22:22 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. 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