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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Edat_mitjana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edat_mitjana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Edat mitjana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edat_mitjana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaixement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaixement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Renaixement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaixement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barroc_i_Neoclassicisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barroc_i_Neoclassicisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Barroc i Neoclassicisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barroc_i_Neoclassicisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segle_XIX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segle_XIX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Segle XIX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segle_XIX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segle_XX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segle_XX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Segle XX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segle_XX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Literatura portuguesa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 35 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugese_letterkunde" title="Portugese letterkunde - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portugese letterkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="أدب البرتغال - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدب البرتغال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lliteratura_de_Portugal" title="Lliteratura de Portugal - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lliteratura de Portugal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="পর্তুগিজ সাহিত্য - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্তুগিজ সাহিত্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A1_literatura" title="Portugalská literatura - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portugalská literatura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugiesische_Literatur" title="Portugiesische Literatur - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portugiesische Literatur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Portuguese literature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaturo_de_Portugalio" title="Literaturo de Portugalio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Literaturo de Portugalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_de_Portugal" title="Literatura de Portugal - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Literatura de Portugal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalikeelne_kirjandus" title="Portugalikeelne kirjandus - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portugalikeelne kirjandus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugesezko_literatura" title="Portugesezko literatura - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Portugesezko literatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ادبیات پرتغالی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادبیات پرتغالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature_lusophone" title="Littérature lusophone - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Littérature lusophone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_portuguesa" title="Literatura portuguesa - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Literatura portuguesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पुर्तगाली साहित्य - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुर्तगाली साहित्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Portugalska književnost - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portugalska književnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C3%A1l_irodalom" title="Portugál irodalom - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portugál irodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պորտուգալական գրականություն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտուգալական գրականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteratura_portugese" title="Litteratura portugese - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Litteratura portugese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalana_literaturo" title="Portugalana literaturo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Portugalana literaturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letteratura_portoghese" title="Letteratura portoghese - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Letteratura portoghese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="ポルトガル文学 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポルトガル文学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88_%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="포르투갈 문학 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포르투갈 문학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litterae_Lusitanicae" title="Litterae Lusitanicae - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Litterae Lusitanicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leteratur_portuges" title="Leteratur portuges - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Leteratur portuges" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_portugalska" title="Literatura portugalska - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Literatura portugalska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_literatura_em_Portugal" title="História da literatura em Portugal - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História da literatura em Portugal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_portughez%C4%83" title="Literatura portugheză - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Literatura portugheză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Португальская литература - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Португальская литература" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Portuguese literature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Portugalska književnost - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Portugalska književnost" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugisisk_litteratur" title="Portugisisk litteratur - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portugisisk litteratur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Португальська література - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Португальська література" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_B%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%C3%A0o_Nha" title="Văn học Bồ Đào Nha - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn học Bồ Đào Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%96%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="葡萄牙文文學 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葡萄牙文文學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q548144#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificau enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Literatura_portuguesa" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><p>Es considera <b>literatura portuguesa</b> el conjunt d'escrits en <a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%A8s" title="Portuguès">portuguès</a>. La periodització segueix les convencions europees habituals i es pot dividir en tres grans fases: la creació de la llengua, amb els períodes medievals i renaixentista,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la decadència dels segles <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span> i <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span> i la modernitat des del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, en un procés paral·lel al d'altres literatures peninsulars. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edat_mitjana">Edat mitjana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_portuguesa&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Edat mitjana"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La primera literatura va ser escrita en <a href="/wiki/Galaicoportugu%C3%A8s" title="Galaicoportuguès">galaicoportuguès</a> i correspon a les cantigues difoses pels <a href="/wiki/Trobador" title="Trobador">trobadors</a>, amb una forta influència provençal. Els poemes més coneguts van ser recollits al <i><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_da_Ajuda" title="Cancioneiro da Ajuda">Cancioneiro da Ajuda</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La cort de <a href="/wiki/Dion%C3%ADs_I_de_Portugal" title="Dionís I de Portugal">Dionís I de Portugal</a>, a semblança de les occitanes, va ser un focus rellevant de creació poètica. Els gèneres més importants són la <i>cantiga d'amigo</i> (de tradició popular, on una dona es dirigeix al seu estimat), <i>cantiga d'amor</i> (poemes d'amor cortès) i la <i><a href="/wiki/Cantiga_d%27escarn" title="Cantiga d'escarn">cantiga d'escarnio e maldizer</a></i> (poemes satírics) i un dels pocs autors coneguts és <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Codax" title="Martín Codax">Martín Codax</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ja que la majoria de trobadors escrivien anònimament. </p><p>L'èpica no va ser tan conreada i es basa sobretot en versions locals i traduccions dels grans cicles europeus, amb introduccions de passatges clàssics. En prosa també es troben els <i>livros de Linhagens</i>, tractats de genealogia,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i alguns sermons religiosos. Dins la crònica històrica, cal fer esment de la figura de <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Lopes" title="Fernão Lopes">Fernão Lopes</a> i de l'anònima <i>Chronica do Condestavel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-w139_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w139-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renaixement">Renaixement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_portuguesa&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Renaixement"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es_por_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es_por_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/250px-Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es_por_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es_por_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Camões, un dels autors més rellevants en portuguès</figcaption></figure> <p>Amb el Renaixement sorgeix una llengua culta, allunyada de la parla ordinària, molt llatinitzant. La poesia segueix les influències italianes generals a tot el continent. L'ègloga lloa el paisatge natural portuguès amb autors com <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardim_Ribeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardim Ribeiro (encara no existeix)">Bernardim Ribeiro</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i les estrofes amoroses tenen al capdavant a <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1_de_Miranda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sá de Miranda (encara no existeix)">Sá de Miranda</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_Ferreira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António Ferreira (encara no existeix)">António Ferreira</a>. Tota la poesia renaixentista va arribar, però, al seu punt àlgid amb <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Luís de Camões">Luís de Camões</a>, considerat un dels autors més rellevants del cànon portuguès (no debades dona nom als <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Instituto Camões">Instituto Camões</a>, conjunt d'organismes difusors de la cultura portuguesa a l'exterior).<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camões és un gran poeta èpic, la seva obra mestra va ser <i><a href="/wiki/Els_Lus%C3%ADades" title="Els Lusíades">Els Lusíades</a></i>, es compon de deu cants, considerada una de les millors epopeies del <a href="/wiki/Renaixement" title="Renaixement">Renaixement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Barros" title="João de Barros">João de Barros</a> va escriure a <i>Décadas da Ásia</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sobre les glòries viatgeres de Portugal, un tema que seria reprès a l'època de l'imperialisme.<sup id="cite_ref-i022_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altres cronistes de la història local i expansionista són Damião de Gois,<sup id="cite_ref-m846_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m846-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fern%C3%A3o_Lopes_de_Castanheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernão Lopes de Castanheda (encara no existeix)">Fernão Lopes de Castanheda</a><sup id="cite_ref-d571_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d571-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i Francisco de Andrade.<sup id="cite_ref-u008_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gil_Vicente" title="Gil Vicente">Gil Vicente</a> va ser el creador de teatre<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> més rellevant, amb obres de tots els gèneres: representacions religioses de fragments bíblics d'influència medievals, versions de clàssics i comèdies modernes, basades en malentesos amorosos i en situacions grotesques.<sup id="cite_ref-n243_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n243-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barroc_i_Neoclassicisme">Barroc i Neoclassicisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_portuguesa&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Barroc i Neoclassicisme"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El barroc suposa una certa decadència per l'impuls de l'espanyol com a llengua de cultura, malgrat la independència que va seguir a la revolta de <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>. Aquest declivi va continuar durant el neoclassicisme, amb unes obres molt afectades, seguidores del gust llatí i sense gaires innovacions. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Rodrigues_Lobo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Rodrigues Lobo (encara no existeix)">Francisco Rodrigues Lobo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-d080_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d080-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z295_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z295-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> per exemple, va continuar escrivint en el gènere pastoral del segle anterior i l'orador <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Vieira" title="António Vieira">António Vieira</a> va seguir els temes de predicació tradicionals. </p><p>Teòricament sí que es van fer avenços, gràcies a la creació de les Arcàdies i Acadèmies, que van regular la producció artística i científica, actualitzant metodologia i prescrivint el tipus de llengua que calia emprar. Destaca l'<a href="/wiki/Arc%C3%A0dia_lusitana" title="Arcàdia lusitana">Arcàdia lusitana</a>, que va tenir com a membre més destacat <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Dinis_da_Cruz_e_Silva" title="António Dinis da Cruz e Silva">António Dinis da Cruz e Silva</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-n150_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n150-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> un dels poetes de l'època que va reunir al seu voltant una escola de liristes de renom.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Segle_XIX">Segle XIX</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_portuguesa&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Segle XIX"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per renovar la literatura calia trencar amb els preceptes puristes i recuperar la llengua d'ús comú, tasques que va iniciar <a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Almeida Garrett</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-a086_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a086-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> després de conèixer el romanticisme anglès i francès, i que van seguir entre d'altres Castilho. <a href="/wiki/Antero_de_Quental" title="Antero de Quental">Antero de Quental</a> va reaccionar contra aquesta escola i va conrear una poesia de caràcter pessimista i existencial, un to que va seguir <a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Braga" title="Teófilo Braga">Teófilo Braga</a>, qui va destacar també com a polític.<sup id="cite_ref-o593_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o593-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano">Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo</a> pot ser considerat el fundador de la novel·la històrica portuguesa. En la seva obra <i>Història de Portugal</i>, el primer volum de la qual apareix el 1846, introdueix una historiografia científica a Portugal. Herculano volia introduir una literatura i un pensament de qualitat, va redactar una sèrie de cròniques o reconstruccions de ficció històrica sobre el passat medieval portuguès amb la composició de contextos històrics capaços de generar un sentiment de nacionalitat entre les classes mitjanes lusitanes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un altre escriptor destacat del romanticisme va ser <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Camilo Castelo Branco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-g696_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g696-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Però la prosa arriba a la seva esplendor amb el realisme i la figura de <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_E%C3%A7a_de_Queiroz" title="José Maria Eça de Queiroz">José Maria Eça de Queiroz</a>, una altra figura imprescindible del cànon, amb obres com <i>El crim de Mossèn Amaro</i> (1876),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>El cosí Basílio</i> (1878)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i <i>La il·lustre casa dels Ramires</i> (1900).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A cavall entre el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> i el XX es troba <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Fernando Pessoa</a>, possiblement el poeta portuguès més traduït de la història. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:E%C3%A7a_de_Queir%C3%B3s_1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/E%C3%A7a_de_Queir%C3%B3s_1873.jpg/220px-E%C3%A7a_de_Queir%C3%B3s_1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/E%C3%A7a_de_Queir%C3%B3s_1873.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Eça de Queiroz</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Segle_XX">Segle XX</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_portuguesa&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Segle XX"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pessoa va basar la seva obra en la invenció d'<a href="/wiki/Heter%C3%B2nim" title="Heterònim">heterònims</a> o veus poètiques que li van permetre tocar tots els registres de la lírica, renovant la manera d'escriure literatura al seu país (tot i que gran part del seu èxit va ser pòstum). Els seus versos tenen ressons del modernisme, de les avantguardes i del post-romanticisme i van obrir el camí als poetes del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, en la segona meitat del qual la veu més destacada és la de <a href="/wiki/Herberto_Helder" title="Herberto Helder">Herberto Helder</a>, tinguda per una de les més originals en llengua portuguesa. En prosa, destaca el <i>Llibre del desassossec</i> (en portuguès, <i>Livro do Desassossego</i>), escrit pel seu semiheterònim Bernardo Soares, una obra inacabada i inacabable, redactada entre el 1913 i el 1935, no es va publicar fins al 1982, <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> un híbrid entre poesia, <a href="/wiki/Assaig_(literatura)" title="Assaig (literatura)">assaig</a> i <a href="/wiki/Autobiografia" title="Autobiografia">narrativa autobiogràfica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En prosa els autors més rellevants daten de finals de segle: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Lobo_Antunes" title="António Lobo Antunes">António Lobo Antunes</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a>. Ambdós tenen en comú viure fora de Portugal, conrear una novel·la crítica amb la realitat, ser candidats al Premi Nobel de Literatura (Saramago el va guanyar) i comptar amb traduccions als principals idiomes literaris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_portuguesa&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2011_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_García2011_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFernández_García2011">Fernández García, 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Beltran</span>, Vicenç. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527193655/https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/martin-codax-o-el-poeta-intemporal-0/html/ffd386ae-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_10.html">Martin Codax o el poeta intemporal</a>» (en castellà).  Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/martin-codax-o-el-poeta-intemporal-0/html/ffd386ae-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_10.html">original</a> el 2024-05-27. [Consulta: 27 maig 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125181717/https://digitarq.arquivos.pt/details?id=4223187">Livros de Linhagens</a>» (en portuguès).  Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo - DigitArq. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitarq.arquivos.pt/details?id=4223187">original</a> el 2024-01-25. [Consulta: 23 maig 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w139-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-w139_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529131101/https://purl.pt/14411">Chronica do Condestabre de Portugal Dom Nuno Alvarez Pereira, Coimbra, 1911</a>» (en portuguès). <i>PURL.PT</i>, 18-07-2023. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.pt/14411">original</a> el 2024-05-29. [Consulta: 28 maig 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCarrasco_González2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Carrasco González</span>, Juan M. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529131101/https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Estudis/article/download/81474/433764">Algunos indicadores del portugués clásico en la obra de Bernardim Ribeiro</a>» (PDF) (en castellà).  Universidad de Extremadura, 24-03-2011. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Estudis/article/download/81474/433764">original</a> el 2024-05-29. [Consulta: 27 maig 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WDL_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014103951/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11198/">The Lusiads</a>», 1800-1882. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11198/">original</a> el 2017-10-14. [Consulta: 31 agost 2013].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBloom2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bloom</span>, Harold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anagrama-ed.es/libro/argumentos/genios/9788433962270/A_332"><i>Genios: un mosaico de cien mentes creativas y ejemplares</i></a> (en castellà).  Anagrama, 2005, p. 612-624. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-339-6227-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-339-6227-0">ISBN 978-84-339-6227-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genios%3A+un+mosaico+de+cien+mentes+creativas+y+ejemplares&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Anagrama&rft.pages=612-624&rft.isbn=978-84-339-6227-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anagrama-ed.es%2Flibro%2Fargumentos%2Fgenios%2F9788433962270%2FA_332"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207035557/https://www.anagrama-ed.es/libro/argumentos/genios/9788433962270/A_332">Arxivat</a> 2023-12-07 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527165117/https://www.instituto-camoes.pt/zh/2019-04-17-10-12-00/2019-04-14-11-31-49/2019-04-14-06-02-54/2019-04-14-06-03-27/joao-de-barros">João de Barros - Camões</a>» (en portuguès).  Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instituto-camoes.pt/zh/2019-04-17-10-12-00/2019-04-14-11-31-49/2019-04-14-06-02-54/2019-04-14-06-03-27/joao-de-barros">original</a> el 2024-05-27. [Consulta: 27 maig 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i022-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-i022_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFde_Barrosdo_Conto1778"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">de Barros</span>, J.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">do Conto</span>, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=3w8NAAAAYAAJ"><i>Decadas da Asia</i></a> (en portuguès), 1778 (Decadas da Asia).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decadas+da+Asia&rft.aulast=de+Barros&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1778&rft.series=Decadas+da+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3w8NAAAAYAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528220123/https://books.google.cat/books?id=3w8NAAAAYAAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-28 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m846-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-m846_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFde_Góis1542"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">de Góis</span>, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=PbOr44ScKtUC"><i>Hispania</i></a> (en polonès).  excudebat Rutgerus Rescius, 1542.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hispania&rft.aulast=de+G%C3%B3is&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.date=1542&rft.pub=excudebat+Rutgerus+Rescius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbOr44ScKtUC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529131101/https://books.google.cat/books?id=PbOr44ScKtUC">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-29 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d571-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-d571_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFde_Castanheda1552"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">de Castanheda</span>, F.L.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=r9VUAAAAcAAJ"><i>Historia do descobrimento et conquista da India pelos Portugueses</i></a> (en portuguès).  Barreyra, 1552.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+do+descobrimento+et+conquista+da+India+pelos+Portugueses&rft.aulast=de+Castanheda&rft.aufirst=F.L.&rft.date=1552&rft.pub=Barreyra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr9VUAAAAcAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529131101/https://books.google.cat/books?id=r9VUAAAAcAAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-29 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-u008-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-u008_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFde_Andrade1852"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">de Andrade</span>, F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=L7kGAAAAQAAJ"><i>Obras de Francisco d'Andrade</i></a> (en castellà).  Escriptorio da Bibliotheca Portugueza, 1852 (Bibliotheca portugueza).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Obras+de+Francisco+d%27Andrade&rft.aulast=de+Andrade&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.date=1852&rft.pub=Escriptorio+da+Bibliotheca+Portugueza&rft.series=Bibliotheca+portugueza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL7kGAAAAQAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528220708/https://books.google.cat/books?id=L7kGAAAAQAAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-28 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCalvoCamoesMartínez2022"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Calvo</span>, Javier Huerta; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Camoes</span>, José; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Martínez</span>, Raquel Madrigal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=940132"><i>Gil Vicente: Portugal y España en los albores del teatro europeo = Portugal e Espanha no alvorecer do teatro europeu</i></a>.  Museo Nacional de Teatro, 2022. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9041-014-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9041-014-1">ISBN 978-84-9041-014-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gil+Vicente%3A+Portugal+y+Espa%C3%B1a+en+los+albores+del+teatro+europeo+%3D+Portugal+e+Espanha+no+alvorecer+do+teatro+europeu&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=Javier+Huerta&rft.date=2022&rft.pub=Museo+Nacional+de+Teatro&rft.isbn=978-84-9041-014-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Flibro%3Fcodigo%3D940132"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527165821/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=940132">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-27 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n243-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-n243_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCastro2023"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Castro</span>, A.L.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=pyqsEAAAQBAJ"><i>Más allá de la Corte. Nuevos estudios sobre Gil Vicente</i></a> (en castellà).  Universo de Letras, 2023 (UNIVERSO DE LETRAS). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-19390-95-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-19390-95-0">ISBN 978-84-19390-95-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A1s+all%C3%A1+de+la+Corte.+Nuevos+estudios+sobre+Gil+Vicente&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=A.L.&rft.date=2023&rft.pub=Universo+de+Letras&rft.series=UNIVERSO+DE+LETRAS&rft.isbn=978-84-19390-95-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpyqsEAAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529132103/https://books.google.cat/books?id=pyqsEAAAQBAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-29 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d080-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-d080_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLobo1774"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lobo</span>, F.R.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=hL4GAAAAQAAJ"><i>Obras politicas</i></a> (en castellà).  na. offic. de Miguel Rodrigues, 1774 (Obras politicas).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Obras+politicas&rft.aulast=Lobo&rft.aufirst=F.R.&rft.date=1774&rft.pub=na.+offic.+de+Miguel+Rodrigues&rft.series=Obras+politicas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhL4GAAAAQAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528221245/https://books.google.cat/books?id=hL4GAAAAQAAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-28 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z295-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-z295_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLobo1890"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lobo</span>, F.R.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=llVEAQAAMAAJ"><i>Côrte na aldeia e noites de inverno</i></a> (en portuguès).  Companhia Nacional Editora, 1890 (Bibliotheca Universal).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%C3%B4rte+na+aldeia+e+noites+de+inverno&rft.aulast=Lobo&rft.aufirst=F.R.&rft.date=1890&rft.pub=Companhia+Nacional+Editora&rft.series=Bibliotheca+Universal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DllVEAQAAMAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528221237/https://books.google.cat/books?id=llVEAQAAMAAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-28 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n150-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-n150_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFda_Cruz_e_Silva1820"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">da Cruz e Silva</span>, A.D.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=C09DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7"><i>Odes pindaricas, de Antonio Dinys da Cruz e Silva: chamado entre os poetas da Arcadia portugueza, Elpino Nonacriense ...</i></a> (en portuguès).  Hansard, 1820, p. 7.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Odes+pindaricas%2C+de+Antonio+Dinys+da+Cruz+e+Silva%3A+chamado+entre+os+poetas+da+Arcadia+portugueza%2C+Elpino+Nonacriense+...&rft.aulast=da+Cruz+e+Silva&rft.aufirst=A.D.&rft.date=1820&rft.pub=Hansard&rft.pages=7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC09DAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPP7"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528221504/https://books.google.cat/books?id=C09DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-28 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMoisés1999"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Moisés</span>, Massaud. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=xcQYSXj0xN0C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover"><i>A Literatura Portuguesa</i></a> (en portuguès).  Editora Cultrix, 1999. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-85-316-0231-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-85-316-0231-3">ISBN 978-85-316-0231-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Literatura+Portuguesa&rft.aulast=Mois%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Massaud&rft.date=1999&rft.pub=Editora+Cultrix&rft.isbn=978-85-316-0231-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxcQYSXj0xN0C%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527165115/https://books.google.cat/books?id=xcQYSXj0xN0C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-27 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a086-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-a086_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDe_Almeida_Garrett1872"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">De Almeida Garrett</span>, V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=fnwNAAAAQAAJ"><i>V. DE ALMEIDA GARRETT</i></a>, 1872.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V.+DE+ALMEIDA+GARRETT&rft.aulast=De+Almeida+Garrett&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.date=1872&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfnwNAAAAQAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528222005/https://books.google.cat/books?id=fnwNAAAAQAAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-28 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-o593-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-o593_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Mesa State College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=tbSqju7SrXQC&pg=PA163"><i>Nineteenth Century Prose</i></a>.  Department of English, U.S. Naval Academy, 2005, p. 163.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nineteenth+Century+Prose&rft.au=Mesa+State+College&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Department+of+English%2C+U.S.+Naval+Academy&rft.pages=163&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtbSqju7SrXQC%26pg%3DPA163"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240528222535/https://books.google.cat/books?id=tbSqju7SrXQC&pg=PA163">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-28 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAlonso2019"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Alonso</span>, Ricardo Ledesma «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513040832/https://impactum-journals.uc.pt/rel/article/view/2183-847X_9_2">Historia, conocimiento y narración: las “crónicas-romances” de Alexandre Herculano</a>». <i>Revista de Estudos Literários</i>, 9, 04-11-2019, pàg. 49–72. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://impactum-journals.uc.pt/rel/article/view/2183-847X_9_2">original</a> el 2021-05-13. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14195%2F2183-847X_9_2">10.14195/2183-847X_9_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2183-847X">2183-847X</a> [Consulta: 29 maig 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g696-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-g696_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBranco1864"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Branco</span>, C.C.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=LygRAQAAMAAJ"><i>Amor de perdição: memorias d'una familia</i></a> (en portuguès).  Moré, 1864.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amor+de+perdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o%3A+memorias+d%27una+familia&rft.aulast=Branco&rft.aufirst=C.C.&rft.date=1864&rft.pub=Mor%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLygRAQAAMAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529132103/https://books.google.cat/books?id=LygRAQAAMAAJ">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-29 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFQueirós2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Queirós</span>, Eça de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=GZhkPQAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=ca"><i>El crim de mossèn Amaro</i></a>.  Quaderns Crema S.A., 2001. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-7727-328-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-7727-328-8">ISBN 978-84-7727-328-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+crim+de+moss%C3%A8n+Amaro&rft.aulast=Queir%C3%B3s&rft.aufirst=E%C3%A7a+de&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=Quaderns+Crema+S.A.&rft.isbn=978-84-7727-328-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGZhkPQAACAAJ%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Dca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526113721/https://books.google.cat/books?id=GZhkPQAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=ca">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-26 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFQueirós2000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Queirós</span>, Eça de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=wiHHAAAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=ca"><i>El cosí Basílio</i></a>.  Quaderns Crema S.A., 2000. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-7727-295-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-7727-295-3">ISBN 978-84-7727-295-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+cos%C3%AD+Bas%C3%ADlio&rft.aulast=Queir%C3%B3s&rft.aufirst=E%C3%A7a+de&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Quaderns+Crema+S.A.&rft.isbn=978-84-7727-295-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwiHHAAAACAAJ%26newbks%3D0%26hl%3Dca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526113728/https://books.google.cat/books?id=wiHHAAAACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=ca">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-26 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEça_de_Queirós2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Eça de Queirós</span>, José Maria. <i>La il.lustre casa del senyor Ramires</i>. Traducció: Xavier Pàmies.  Destino, 2006 (Biblioteca Pompeu FAfra). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9710-087-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9710-087-8">ISBN 978-84-9710-087-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+il.lustre+casa+del+senyor+Ramires&rft.aulast=E%C3%A7a+de+Queir%C3%B3s&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Maria&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Destino&rft.series=Biblioteca+Pompeu+FAfra&rft.isbn=978-84-9710-087-8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPessoa2002"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pessoa</span>, Fernando. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quadernscrema.com/cataleg/llibre-del-desassossec/"><i>Llibre del desassossec</i></a>. Traducció: Gabriel Sampol i Nicolau Dols.  Quaderns Crema S.A., 2002. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-7727-381-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-7727-381-3">ISBN 978-84-7727-381-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Llibre+del+desassossec&rft.aulast=Pessoa&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Quaderns+Crema+S.A.&rft.isbn=978-84-7727-381-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quadernscrema.com%2Fcataleg%2Fllibre-del-desassossec%2F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526174749/https://www.quadernscrema.com/cataleg/llibre-del-desassossec/">Arxivat</a> 2024-05-26 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFNopca2018"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Nopca</span>, Jordi. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240526174753/https://llegim.ara.cat/reportatges/torna-fernando-pessoa-set-alhora_1_2707422.html">Torna el desassossec de Fernando Pessoa</a>».  Ara, 08-12-2018. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://llegim.ara.cat/reportatges/torna-fernando-pessoa-set-alhora_1_2707422.html">original</a> el 2024-05-26. [Consulta: 26 maig 2024].</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_portuguesa&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGavilanes_LasoLourenço2000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gavilanes Laso</span>, José Luis; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lourenço</span>, António Apolinário. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=11121"><i>Historia de la literatura portuguesa</i></a> (en castellà).  Cátedra, 2000. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-376-1738-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-376-1738-1">ISBN 978-84-376-1738-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+literatura+portuguesa&rft.aulast=Gavilanes+Laso&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Luis&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=C%C3%A1tedra&rft.isbn=978-84-376-1738-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Flibro%3Fcodigo%3D11121"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFernández_García_(coord)2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Fernández García (coord)</span>, Maria Jesús. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euro-ace.eu/sites/default/files/attached_documents/LITERATURA_PORTUGUESA.pdf"><i>Historia de la literatura portuguesa</i></a> (en castellà).  Junta de Extremadura. Gabinete de iniciativas transfronterizas, 2011. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9852-296-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9852-296-9">ISBN 978-84-9852-296-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+literatura+portuguesa&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez+Garc%C3%ADa+%28coord%29&rft.aufirst=Maria+Jes%C3%BAs&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=Junta+de+Extremadura.+Gabinete+de+iniciativas+transfronterizas&rft.isbn=978-84-9852-296-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euro-ace.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattached_documents%2FLITERATURA_PORTUGUESA.pdf"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMarcos_de_Dios2017"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Marcos de Dios</span>, Ángel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=LlFZDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0"><i>Letras portuguesas: literatura comparada y estudios ibéricos</i></a> (en castellà).  Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2017-12-01. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9012-897-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9012-897-8">ISBN 978-84-9012-897-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letras+portuguesas%3A+literatura+comparada+y+estudios+ib%C3%A9ricos&rft.aulast=Marcos+de+Dios&rft.aufirst=%C3%81ngel&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft.pub=Ediciones+Universidad+de+Salamanca&rft.isbn=978-84-9012-897-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLlFZDwAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSaraivaLopes1996"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Saraiva</span>, António José; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lopes</span>, Óscar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/historia-da-literatura-portuguesa-aj-saraiva-oscar-lopes"><i>História da Literatura Portuguesa - António José Saraiva e Óscar Lopes</i></a> (en portuguès), 1996.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B3ria+da+Literatura+Portuguesa+-+Ant%C3%B3nio+Jos%C3%A9+Saraiva+e+%C3%93scar+Lopes&rft.aulast=Saraiva&rft.aufirst=Ant%C3%B3nio+Jos%C3%A9&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoria-da-literatura-portuguesa-aj-saraiva-oscar-lopes"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="/wiki/Literatura_andorrana" title="Literatura andorrana">Andorrana en català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_albanesa" title="Literatura albanesa">Albanesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_alemanya" title="Literatura alemanya">Alemanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_anglesa" title="Literatura anglesa">Anglesa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_anglosaxona" title="Literatura anglosaxona">Anglosaxona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_anglesa_mitjana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura anglesa mitjana (encara no existeix)">Anglesa mitjana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_anglonormanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura anglonormanda (encara no existeix)">Anglonormanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_aragonesa" title="Literatura aragonesa">Aragonesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_arm%C3%A8nia" title="Literatura armènia">Armènia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_asturiana" title="Literatura asturiana">Asturiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_austr%C3%ADaca" title="Literatura austríaca">Austríaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_basca" title="Literatura basca">Basca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_belarussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura belarussa (encara no existeix)">Belarussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_belga" title="Literatura belga">Belga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_bosniana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura bosniana (encara no existeix)">Bosniana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_bretona" title="Literatura bretona">Bretona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_brit%C3%A0nica" title="Literatura britànica">Britànica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_b%C3%BAlgara" title="Literatura búlgara">Búlgara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_catalana" title="Literatura catalana">Catalana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_c%C3%B2rnica" title="Literatura còrnica">Còrnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_croata" title="Literatura croata">Croata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_danesa" title="Literatura danesa">Danesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_escocesa" title="Literatura escocesa">Escocesa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_en_llengua_escocesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura en llengua escocesa (encara no existeix)">Scots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literatura_ga%C3%A8lica_escocesa" title="Literatura gaèlica escocesa">Gaèlica escocesa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_eslovaca" title="Literatura eslovaca">Eslovaca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_eslovena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura eslovena (encara no existeix)">Eslovena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_espanyola" title="Literatura espanyola">Espanyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_estoniana" title="Literatura estoniana">Estoniana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_feroesa" title="Literatura feroesa">Feroesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_finesa" title="Literatura finesa">Finesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_flamenca" title="Literatura flamenca">Flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_francesa" title="Literatura francesa">Francesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_frisona" title="Literatura frisona">Frisona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_furlana" title="Literatura furlana">Furlana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_ga%C3%A8lica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura gaèlica (encara no existeix)">Gaèlica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_gallega" title="Literatura gallega">Gallega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_gal%C2%B7lesa" title="Literatura gal·lesa">Gal·lesa en gal·lès</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_gal%C2%B7lesa_en_angl%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura gal·lesa en anglès (encara no existeix)">en anglès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_grega" title="Literatura grega">Grega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_grega_antiga" title="Literatura grega antiga">Antiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_bizantina" class="mw-redirect" title="Literatura bizantina">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_neogrega" title="Literatura neogrega">Moderna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_de_Groenl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura de Groenlàndia (encara no existeix)">Groenlandesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_hongaresa" title="Literatura hongaresa">Hongaresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_islandesa" title="Literatura islandesa">Islandesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_irlandesa" title="Literatura irlandesa">Irlandesa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_d%27Irlanda_del_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura d'Irlanda del Nord (encara no existeix)">Nordirlandesa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_italiana" title="Literatura italiana">Italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_jerseiesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura jerseiesa (encara no existeix)">Jerseiesa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_kazakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura kazakh (encara no existeix)">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_de_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura de Kosovo (encara no existeix)">Kosovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_llatina" title="Literatura llatina">Llatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_letona" title="Literatura letona">Letona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_lituana" title="Literatura lituana">Lituana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_milanesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura milanesa (encara no existeix)">Llombarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_de_Luxemburg" title="Literatura de Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_maced%C3%B2nia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura macedònia (encara no existeix)">Macedònia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_maltesa" title="Literatura maltesa">Maltesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_manx" title="Literatura manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_montenegrina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura montenegrina (encara no existeix)">Montenegrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_en_neerland%C3%A8s" title="Literatura en neerlandès">Neerlandesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_noruega" title="Literatura noruega">Noruega</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_n%C3%B2rdica_antiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura nòrdica antiga (encara no existeix)">Nòrdica antiga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_occitana" title="Literatura occitana">Occitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_osseta" title="Literatura osseta">Osseta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_polonesa" title="Literatura polonesa">Polonesa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portuguesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_romanesa" title="Literatura romanesa">Romanesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_russa" title="Literatura russa">Russa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_sarda" title="Literatura sarda">Sarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_s%C3%A8rbia" title="Literatura sèrbia">Sèrbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_sueca" title="Literatura sueca">Sueca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_su%C3%AFssa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura suïssa (encara no existeix)">Suïssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_turca" title="Literatura turca">Turca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_txeca" title="Literatura txeca">Txeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_txuvaix" title="Literatura txuvaix">Txuvaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_d%27Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Literatura d'Ucraïna">Ucraïnesa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_en_v%C3%A8net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura en vènet (encara no existeix)">Vèneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_xipriota" title="Literatura xipriota">Xipriota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_%C3%ADdix" title="Literatura ídix">Ídix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" 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