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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Labor relations of the American car company</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tesla-workers-against-fascism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="At an outdoor demonstration, six Tesla workers are carrying a banner that says "Tesla Workers gegen Faschismus" ("Tesla workers against fascism"). There is an IG Metall flag in background, and also on the banner itself. The faces of people holding the banner are blurred." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Tesla-workers-against-fascism.jpg/220px-Tesla-workers-against-fascism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Tesla-workers-against-fascism.jpg/330px-Tesla-workers-against-fascism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Tesla-workers-against-fascism.jpg/440px-Tesla-workers-against-fascism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tesla workers at a 2025 protest in Germany, carrying an <a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a> banner with the translated slogan "Tesla workers against fascism"</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">electric car</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panel</a> manufacturer, has more than 140,000 workers employed across its global operations as of January 2024,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> almost none of whom are <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">unionized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K_2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite allegations of <a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">high injury rates</a>, long hours, and below-industry pay, efforts to unionize the workforce have been largely unsuccessful. <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>, Tesla's CEO, <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_and_unions" title="Elon Musk and unions">has commented negatively on trade unions</a> in relation to the company. Tesla has been involved in labor disputes in the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#United_States">United States</a>, <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Germany">Germany</a>, and <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sweden">Sweden</a>, including an ongoing <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> in Sweden. </p><p>Tesla is the only major American automaker whose workforce is not represented by a <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">union in the United States</a>. None of the union drives in <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Fremont_Factory" title="Tesla Fremont Factory">Tesla Fremont Factory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_New_York" title="Gigafactory New York">Gigafactory New York</a> have been successful. In late 2023, <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> announced renewed <a href="/wiki/Unionization" title="Unionization">unionization</a> efforts. In Germany, <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg</a>'s non-union status and lower wages compared to industry standards has weakened the structural power of the automotive union <a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a>. Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg and <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Automation" title="Tesla Automation">Tesla Automation</a> have <a href="/wiki/Works_council" title="Works council">works councils</a>, without union <a href="/wiki/Collective_agreement_coverage" title="Collective agreement coverage">collective agreement coverage</a>. Tesla Automation signed a remuneration-related <a href="/wiki/Works_agreement" title="Works agreement">works agreement</a> with its works council, while refusing to sign a comparable <a href="/wiki/Collective_agreement" title="Collective agreement">collective agreement</a> with IG Metall. In Sweden, TM Sweden mechanics affiliated with <a href="/wiki/IF_Metall" title="IF Metall">IF Metall</a> have been on <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> since October 2023, which expanded when other <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Nordic_Trade_Unions" title="Council of Nordic Trade Unions">Swedish, Danish and Norwegian unions</a> joined by initiating their own <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_action" title="Solidarity action">solidarity strikes</a>. This is the longest strike in Sweden since the 1938 <a href="/wiki/Saltsj%C3%B6baden_Agreement" title="Saltsjöbaden Agreement">Saltsjöbaden Agreement</a> and still ongoing as of January 2025.<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:lavender;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elon_Musk,_2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Elon_Musk%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1155" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:lavender;color:black;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: black; text-decoration: inherit;">Elon Musk</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Elon_Musk" title="List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Elon_Musk" title="Business career of Elon Musk">Business career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Elon_Musk" class="mw-redirect" title="Family of Elon Musk">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_filmography" title="Elon Musk filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Elon_Musk" title="International relations of Elon Musk">International relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Elon_Musk" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal and business legal affairs of Elon Musk">Legal affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Elon_Musk" title="Public image of Elon Musk">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Elon_Musk" title="Wealth of Elon Musk">Wealth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musk_Foundation" title="Musk Foundation">Foundation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk" title="Political activities of Elon Musk">Political activities</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Companies</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zip2" title="Zip2">Zip2</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/X.com_(bank)" title="X.com (bank)">X.com</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Tesla,_Inc." title="List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.">litigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boring_Company" title="The Boring Company">The Boring Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boring_Test_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Boring Test Tunnel">Boring Test Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">acquisition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thud_(media_company)" title="Thud (media company)">Thud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science" title="Texas Institute of Technology and Science">Texas Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Politics</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_PAC" title="America PAC">America PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_America%27s_Future" title="Building America's Future">Building America's Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_salute_controversy" title="Elon Musk salute controversy">Salute controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBG_PAC" title="RBG PAC">RBG PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_and_unions" title="Elon Musk and unions">Elon Musk and trade unions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tesla and unions</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">In popular culture</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_(Isaacson_book)" title="Elon Musk (Isaacson book)"> <i>Elon Musk</i> (Isaacson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk:_Tesla,_SpaceX,_and_the_Quest_for_a_Fantastic_Future" title="Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future"><i>Elon Musk</i> (Vance)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ludicrous:_The_Unvarnished_Story_of_Tesla_Motors" title="Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors">Ludicrous</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Power_Play:_Tesla,_Elon_Musk,_and_the_Bet_of_the_Century" title="Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century">Power Play</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Members_Only_(South_Park)" title="Members Only (South Park)">Members Only</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Platonic_Permutation" title="The Platonic Permutation">The Platonic Permutation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Musk_Who_Fell_to_Earth" title="The Musk Who Fell to Earth">The Musk Who Fell to Earth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Crew_over_the_Crewcoo%27s_Morty" title="One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty">One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Crash_Course" title="Elon Musk's Crash Course">Elon Musk's Crash Course</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Related</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Tesla Roadster in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSLAQ" title="TSLAQ">TSLAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">Twitter Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">2022 Twitter suspensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_Autopilot_crashes" title="List of Tesla Autopilot crashes">List of Tesla Autopilot crashes</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk's signature"><img alt="Elon Musk's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elon_Musk_Signature.svg/120px-Elon_Musk_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elon_Musk_Signature.svg/180px-Elon_Musk_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elon_Musk_Signature.svg/240px-Elon_Musk_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elon_Musk_series" title="Template:Elon Musk series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elon_Musk_series" title="Template talk:Elon Musk series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elon_Musk_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elon Musk series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tesla employs 70,000 workers across the United States as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tesla is the only <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">American automaker</a> whose workers are not represented by a union in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the <a href="/wiki/Unionization" title="Unionization">unionization</a> efforts since 2017 have been successful. These efforts were led by <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> (UAW) in <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Fremont_Factory" title="Tesla Fremont Factory">Fremont Factory</a> in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers" title="United Steelworkers">United Steelworkers</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Electrical_Workers" title="International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers">International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_New_York" title="Gigafactory New York">Gigafactory New York</a> (Giga New York) in 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Workers_United" title="Workers United">Workers United</a> in Giga New York in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several months later, UAW announced renewed nation-wide organizing efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/History_of_union_busting_in_the_United_States" title="History of union busting in the United States">Employer opposition to unions is common</a> in the United States. In cases of illegal interference, such as <a href="/wiki/Unfair_labor_practice" title="Unfair labor practice">unfair labor practices</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> (NLRB) has limited mechanisms to enforce the law under the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act_of_1935" title="National Labor Relations Act of 1935">National Labor Relations Act</a> – which codifies <a href="/wiki/United_States_labor_law" title="United States labor law">worker rights</a>. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a>, the NLRB cannot impose <a href="/wiki/Civil_penalty" title="Civil penalty">fines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Employees in a <a href="/wiki/Bargaining_unit" title="Bargaining unit">workplace</a> can form a union if a majority sign <a href="/wiki/Card_check" title="Card check">union cards</a> or vote in a <a href="/wiki/NLRB_election_procedures" title="NLRB election procedures">supervised election</a>. Despite overall low <a href="/wiki/Union_density" title="Union density">union density</a> (ratio of unionized to non-unionized workers), recent <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_strikes_in_2023" title="Timeline of strikes in 2023">organizing successes</a> have renewed public interest.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:17_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to labor sociologist Joshua Mayor, unionization efforts sometimes fail not because workers are against unions, but because workers do not believe they can win.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">Presidential candidate Donald Trump</a> stated that he supported Musk's policies of <a href="/wiki/Union_busting" title="Union busting">union busting</a> during an interview with Musk. The <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> later filed federal <a href="/wiki/Unfair_labor_practice" title="Unfair labor practice">labor charges</a> against <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> and Musk.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fremont_Factory">Fremont Factory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fremont Factory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tesla acquired the formerly unionized <a href="/wiki/NUMMI" title="NUMMI">NUMMI</a> plant in Fremont, California in 2010, which became the <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Fremont_Factory" title="Tesla Fremont Factory">Tesla Fremont Factory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tesla employs 20,000 workers in the Fremont Factory.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> (UAW) president <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Williams_(unionist)" title="Dennis Williams (unionist)">Dennis Williams</a> expressed interest in unionizing the factory in May 2016, shortly after Tesla announced increased local annual production targets of 500,000 vehicles by 2018, which would have placed it in the top ten sellers of new vehicles within the US.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fall of 2016, Jose Moran, a Fremont Factory employee, contacted UAW, going public with a "Fair Future at Tesla" campaign in February 2017, citing high injury rates, long hours and below industry pay as motivations.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2017, Tesla fired Richard Ortiz, who was involved with the organizing campaign, which the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">NLRB</a> later ruled to be <a href="/wiki/Union_busting" title="Union busting">illegal retaliation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:220px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <table role="presentation" style="line-height: normal; width: 100%; background: transparent; color: inherit; display: table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><b>Elon Musk</b> <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); white-space: nowrap;">@elonmusk</div></td> <td style="text-align: right; color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter"><img alt="Twitter logo, a stylized blue bird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/18px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/27px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Logo_of_Twitter.svg/36px-Logo_of_Twitter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="421" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 95%;"> <p>Replying to @dmatkins137 </p> </div> <div style="text-align: left"> <p>Nothing stopping Tesla team at our car plant from voting union. Could do so tmrw if they wanted. But why pay union dues & give up stock options for nothing? Our safety record is 2X better than when plant was UAW & everybody already gets healthcare. </p> </div> <div style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">May 21, 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Musk-2018_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musk-2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div> </blockquote> </div> <p>CEO <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> published a <a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">tweet</a> in May 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-Musk-2018_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musk-2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that implied workers would lose <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a> if they formed a union. Three years later, the NLRB ordered Musk to delete that tweet, and reinstate former employee Ortiz with full back pay.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nlrb-20210325-decision_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlrb-20210325-decision-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally Tesla would have to put up a notice in all of its US factories addressing the unlawful tweet.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tesla appealed the NLRB rulings to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit</a>, which in 2023 initially upheld the NLRB order.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt33123_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt33123-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a published response, Ortiz stated "I look forward to returning to work at Tesla and working with my co-workers to finish the job of forming a union".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt33123_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt33123-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2024 rehearing, the court reversed its decision, holding Musk's tweets to be <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">constitutionally protected speech</a> and that the NLRB must reconsider its order to reinstate Ortiz.<sup id="cite_ref-ap20241029_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap20241029-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four years after the initial tweet, Musk invited UAW, via another tweet, to hold a <a href="/wiki/NLRB_election_procedures" title="NLRB election procedures">union election</a> at their convenience without retaliation.<sup id="cite_ref-20220303-boston-elliott_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20220303-boston-elliott-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UAW president <a href="/wiki/Ray_Curry" title="Ray Curry">Ray Curry</a> responded that if Tesla was serious about supporting organizing, Tesla would acknowledge they broke the law when they fired Ortiz and Musk published the initial tweet.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Auto_Workers_Strike_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An outdoor strike rally. UAW members of all races are raising their fists, wearing bright red T-shirts, and holding picket signs with following messages: "UAW On Strike", "Stand Up / Record Profits / Record Contracts"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/United_Auto_Workers_Strike_2023.jpg/220px-United_Auto_Workers_Strike_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/United_Auto_Workers_Strike_2023.jpg/330px-United_Auto_Workers_Strike_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/United_Auto_Workers_Strike_2023.jpg/440px-United_Auto_Workers_Strike_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>UAW members <a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">picketing</a> at <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> in Michigan during the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" title="2023 United Auto Workers strike">2023 strike</a> against the "<a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a>"</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> report in 2022 found that Tesla paid public relations firm <a href="/wiki/MikeWorldWide" title="MikeWorldWide">MikeWorldWide</a> to monitor a Tesla employee <a href="/wiki/Facebook_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook group">Facebook group</a> and union organizers on social media from 2017 to 2018. MikeWorldWide monitored discussions regarding alleged <a href="/wiki/Unfair_labor_practice" title="Unfair labor practice">unfair labor practices</a> at Tesla and a <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> lawsuit. Former and current Tesla employees told CNBC that they believed the company continued to monitor its workers on social media as of 2022.<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UAW won <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" title="2023 United Auto Workers strike">30–160 percent salary increases</a> at the "<a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a>" in late 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new UAW president <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Fain" title="Shawn Fain">Shawn Fain</a> attributed previous unionizing failures to <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers#Corruption_and_reform" title="United Auto Workers">internal corruption</a>, "coziness" with management and bad collective agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UAW subsequently launched organizing drives at 13 non-union automakers, including Tesla,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a combined organizing budget of US$40 million through 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, UAW had spent $422,000 on Tesla alone in 2017 (equivalent to $525,000 in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giga_New_York">Giga New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Giga New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tesla_workers_united.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Five workers are standing together while smiling. They are holding signs that say "union" wrapped in hearts. Behind them, is a concrete stand emblazoned with the Tesla logo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Tesla_workers_united.jpg/180px-Tesla_workers_united.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Tesla_workers_united.jpg/270px-Tesla_workers_united.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Tesla_workers_united.jpg/360px-Tesla_workers_united.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Tesla <a href="/wiki/Workers_United" title="Workers United">Workers United</a> going public at <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_New_York" title="Gigafactory New York">Giga New York</a> with <a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's</a> themed signs</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2018, 300 workers at the <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Solar_Roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Solar Roof">solar panel factory</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_New_York" title="Gigafactory New York">Giga New York</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, announced a <a href="/wiki/Unionization" title="Unionization">union drive</a> with the support of <a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers" title="United Steelworkers">United Steelworkers</a> (USW) and <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Electrical_Workers" title="International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers">International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> USW filed a complaint with the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">NLRB</a> the following June, alleging that Tesla illegally surveilled workers and fired six of them in retaliation,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the case was withdrawn in August.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Workers who <a href="/wiki/Labeled_data" title="Labeled data">label data</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Autopilot" title="Tesla Autopilot">Tesla Autopilot</a> at Giga New York in Buffalo announced a union drive with <a href="/wiki/Workers_United" title="Workers United">Workers United</a> on February 14, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers United previously led the <a href="/wiki/Starbucks_Workers_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Starbucks Workers United">first successful union drive at Starbucks</a>, also in Buffalo, six miles (10 km) away.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A day after the announcement, Workers United filed charges with the NLRB against Tesla for firing 37 workers (including one organizing committee member) in alleged retaliation for union activity and to allegedly discourage union organizing.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November, the NLRB dismissed the retaliatory firing charge, but found merit in the other charges regarding workplace surveillance and <a href="/wiki/Captive_audience_meeting" title="Captive audience meeting">captive audience meetings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following allegations raised by Workers United, the NLRB regional director in Buffalo, New York filed a complaint with the national board in April 2024 alleging that Tesla had unlawfully implemented company policies to prevent workers at its Buffalo plant from unionizing, including by implementing a corporate IT <a href="/wiki/Acceptable_use_policy" title="Acceptable use policy">acceptable use policy</a> that restricted <a href="/wiki/Protected_concerted_activity" title="Protected concerted activity">workplace organizing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germany">Germany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IG_Metall_brochures_for_Tesla_employees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Close up of brick wall with attached plastic container. Inside are English/German language brochures. The IG Metall trade union brochures in German and English say "Eure Gewerkschaft Tesla bei Tesla" and "Your trade union at Tesla". Behind them is a larger colorful (mostly red) magazine titled "metall: Dein Magazin" with the IG Metall logo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/IG_Metall_brochures_for_Tesla_employees.jpg/180px-IG_Metall_brochures_for_Tesla_employees.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/IG_Metall_brochures_for_Tesla_employees.jpg/270px-IG_Metall_brochures_for_Tesla_employees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/IG_Metall_brochures_for_Tesla_employees.jpg/360px-IG_Metall_brochures_for_Tesla_employees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a> brochures in English and German for Tesla employees near <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Giga Berlin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tesla is one of the few automakers in Germany that has not signed any individual company collective agreements nor is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_German_Employers%27_Associations" title="Confederation of German Employers' Associations">Employer Association</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesamtmetall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gesamtmetall (page does not exist)">Metal and Electronics Industry</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtmetall" class="extiw" title="de:Gesamtmetall">de</a>]</span> as of 2024.<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> The Metal and Electronics Industry refers to the network of companies that negotiate with <a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/German_labour_law" title="German labour law">German labor representation</a> has a dual structure of <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">trade unions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Works_council" title="Works council">works councils</a>. Trade unions like IG Metall negotiate <a href="/wiki/Collective_agreement" title="Collective agreement">collective agreements</a> with individual employers and <a href="/wiki/Sectoral_collective_bargaining" title="Sectoral collective bargaining">regional collective agreements</a> with employers associations (e.g textile or chemical industry). <a href="/wiki/Works_council" title="Works council">Works councils</a> are made up of elected employees in the workplace. They negotiate <a href="/wiki/Works_agreement" title="Works agreement">works agreements</a> and have various <a href="/wiki/Codetermination_in_Germany" title="Codetermination in Germany">co-determination</a>, participation and information rights. In theory works councils do not overlap with <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> regarding <a href="/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">wage</a> adjustments. While formally separate structures, many works council members are de-facto <a href="/wiki/Union_representative" title="Union representative">union representatives</a>. Unions are financed by membership <a href="/wiki/Union_dues" title="Union dues">dues</a> which are typically 1% of a member's salary. The more union members and the higher their wages (whether or not they are covered by a collective agreement), the more financial resources a union has.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tesla poses a structural challenge to IG Metall in the automotive sector, because <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a> production requires 30 percent fewer workers than traditional <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion-engine vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IG Metall membership (2005–2021) has declined by 9%, while the automotive <a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">labor market</a> has grown, especially in companies without regional collective agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall trend toward <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_electric_vehicle" title="History of the electric vehicle">vehicle electrification</a> and a non-union Tesla weakens IG Metall's <a href="/wiki/Bargaining_power" title="Bargaining power">bargaining power</a> in the broader <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">German automotive sector</a> due to lower <a href="/wiki/Union_density" title="Union density">union density</a> (ratio of unionized to non-unionized workers).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tesla_Automation">Tesla Automation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tesla Automation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tesla acquired <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Automation" title="Tesla Automation">Grohmann Engineering</a> (now Tesla Automation) in January 2017, inheriting the existing <a href="/wiki/Works_council" title="Works council">works council</a>. According to IG Metall and the works council chair Uwe Herzig said that wages at Grohmann Engineering in April, after the acquisition, were 25–30 percent below the equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Sectoral_collective_bargaining" title="Sectoral collective bargaining">regional collective agreements</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesamtmetall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gesamtmetall (page does not exist)">Metal and Electronics Industry</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtmetall" class="extiw" title="de:Gesamtmetall">de</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October, management and the works council concluded a <a href="/wiki/Works_agreement" title="Works agreement">works agreement</a> that brought employee wages in line with the regional collective agreement without explicitly signing a union collective agreement. IG Metall pushed for formal ratification, while acknowledging that there had been a "very good negotiation result". It credited the threat of <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strikes</a> with pressuring Tesla to sign the works agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giga_Berlin">Giga Berlin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Giga Berlin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tesla_IG_Metall_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A brick-style ground-level building with the red logo of IG Metall trade union attached to the side. Visible in the background are traffic lights and train tracks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tesla_IG_Metall_building.jpg/220px-Tesla_IG_Metall_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tesla_IG_Metall_building.jpg/330px-Tesla_IG_Metall_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tesla_IG_Metall_building.jpg/440px-Tesla_IG_Metall_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a> office at the <a href="/wiki/Fangschleuse_station" title="Fangschleuse station">train station</a> adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Giga Berlin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to IG Metall, in October 2021, Tesla offered employees at the new <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg</a> (Giga Berlin), wages that were 20 percent below the corresponding collective agreements provided at other automotive plants in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seven non-union employees at Giga Berlin initiated the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Works_council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Works council election (page does not exist)">works council election</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebsratswahl" class="extiw" title="de:Betriebsratswahl">de</a>]</span> process in November 2021. Any employee with at least six months of tenure is eligible to run as a works council candidate. Tesla ultimately planned to hire a total of 12,000 employees. In the first six months, Tesla hired 1,800 employees, mostly middle-management. IG Metall expressed concern that the future works council would be dominated by management, as only those with six months' tenure would be eligible to run.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2022, employees elected their first works council. Nearly half voted for the manager-friendly "Gigavoice" slate.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IG Metall called for an investigation in January 2023, after workers reported being forced to work longer hours, with less resting time between shifts. IG Metall also stated that workers were being forced to sign <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreements</a> and therefore feared <a href="/wiki/Workplace_revenge" title="Workplace revenge">retaliation</a> if they openly discussed their working conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Giga Berlin's initial workforce of 1,800 employees doubled quickly enough to trigger a rule requiring another works council election two years after the first one, instead of the usual four years.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second works council election was scheduled initially for March 18–20, 2024. IG Metall petitioned the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)_Labour_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt (Oder) Labour Court">Frankfurt (Oder) Labor Court</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbeitsgericht_Frankfurt_(Oder)" class="extiw" title="de:Arbeitsgericht Frankfurt (Oder)">de</a>]</span> for a <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_injunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Preliminary injunction">preliminary injunction</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_board_(works_council)" title="Electoral board (works council)">electoral board's</a> proposed timeline. The original timeline set a deadline of February 15 for submitting candidate nominations lists. Given that Tesla factory production was suspended earlier for a month until February 11, due to <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_security" title="Supply chain security">supply chain disruptions</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Houthi militia in the Red Sea</a>, this would have left each candidate list with only several work days to collect the mandatory 50 signatures from co-workers.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Frankfurt (Oder) Labor Court granted IG Metall's petition, but the electoral board and Tesla appealed to the higher <a href="/wiki/Berlin-Brandenburg_State_Labour_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin-Brandenburg State Labour Court">Berlin-Brandenburg State Labor Court</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landesarbeitsgericht_Berlin-Brandenburg" class="extiw" title="de:Landesarbeitsgericht Berlin-Brandenburg">de</a>]</span>, which overturned the lower court and upheld the original election timeline.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The election concluded on March 20, with 234 candidates from 9 lists.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With 39% of the vote the "IG Metall Tesla Workers GFBB" list won the plurality of seats, with 16 out of 39, making them a major opposition. The remaining 23 seats were divided among four non-union affiliated lists; 15 seats for "Giga United", 5 seats for "One Team", 2 seats for "Giga Fair" and 1 seat for "Giga für Alle" (<i>Giga for all</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:16_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michaela Schmitz, the current works council chair, is vocally anti-union. During the final days of the works council election campaign, Schmitz ended a rally speech with "What we don't need, is a union!" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Was wir nicht brauchen, ist eine Gewerkschaft!</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 4, Schmitz was re-elected by the works council for a second term as chair. Schmitz comes from the "Giga United" list , which is composed mostly of managers.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, 8,917 Tesla workers voted,<sup id="cite_ref-:16_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> out of 12,500 eligible to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An IG Metall member of the works council was fired in October, in what IG Metall described as "aggressive tactics" against workers. IG Metall countered with its own lawsuit in December, to forcibly remove Michaela Schmitz as works council chair; claiming she had obstructed pro-union works council members.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sweden">Sweden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mechanics affiliated with <a href="/wiki/IF_Metall" title="IF Metall">IF Metall</a>, a Swedish trade union, initiated a <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> against TM Sweden, a Tesla vehicle service subsidiary, on October 27, 2023, over the company's refusal to sign a collective agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ongoing strike is the longest ever in Sweden within the past 80 years. Strikes are very rare under the "Swedish model" of social partnership, which was codified in the 1938 <a href="/wiki/Saltsj%C3%B6baden_Agreement" title="Saltsjöbaden Agreement">Saltsjöbaden Agreement</a>, still in force today.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TM Sweden employs 130 mechanics in Sweden. About half of them are IF Metal members.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strike, initially affecting mechanics at ten workshops servicing Tesla vehicles, later spread to other facilities servicing various car brands. While workers continued with their regular tasks, they refrained from servicing Tesla vehicles during the strike.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Strikebreaker" title="Strikebreaker">Strikebreakers</a> arrived at Tesla service centers, prompting concerns among the strikers about their impact on the <a href="/wiki/Labor_dispute" title="Labor dispute">labor dispute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strikers were <a href="/wiki/Lockout_(industry)" title="Lockout (industry)">banned from the company premises</a>. According to union leader <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kuhn" title="Gabriel Kuhn">Gabriel Kuhn</a>, Tesla contacted individual strikers after family members shared news of the strikes on social media, which discouraged non-union participation in the strike.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to statistics from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_National_Mediation_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swedish National Mediation Office (page does not exist)">Swedish National Mediation Office</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medlingsinstitutet" class="extiw" title="sv:Medlingsinstitutet">sv</a>]</span>, one-third of the 130 mechanics participated in the original strike.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-union members and even some IF Metal union members did not participate in the strikes.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Swedish trade unions joined in a month later in November,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_action" title="Solidarity action">sympathy (solidarity) strikes</a>, which are legal in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Transport_Workers%27_Union" title="Swedish Transport Workers' Union">Swedish Transport Workers' Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Svenska Transportarbetareförbundet</i>) blocked the loading and unloading of Tesla cars,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while dockworker, electrician and postal unions halted services to Tesla.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elon Musk has reportedly instructed TM Sweden not to sign any collective agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Union_for_Service_and_Communications_Employees" title="Swedish Union for Service and Communications Employees">Swedish Union for Service and Communications Employees</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Service- och Kommunikationsfacket</i>) expanded the strike by halting maintenance and installation of Tesla charging stations.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next few months, solidarity strikes for the Swedish campaign spread to other <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>, with port workers from the <a href="/wiki/United_Federation_of_Danish_Workers" title="United Federation of Danish Workers">United Federation of Danish Workers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Fagligt Fælles Forbund</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="United Federation of Trade Unions">United Federation of Trade Unions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <i lang="no">Fellesforbundet</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Transport_Workers%27_Union" title="Finnish Transport Workers' Union">Finnish Transport Workers' Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">Auto- ja Kuljetusalan Työntekijäliitto</i>) joining the strikes.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tesla maneuvered around the union blockade by moving vehicles by land instead of sea, and sold 1% more cars in 2024 than in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strike led to the pension fund <a href="/w/index.php?title=PensionDanmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PensionDanmark (page does not exist)">PensionDanmark</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PensionDanmark" class="extiw" title="da:PensionDanmark">da</a>]</span> to divest its Tesla <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the escalations, Tesla posted a job opening for a Swedish government affairs specialist with "significant experience with Nordic legislative and regulatory advocacy", presumably to help with lobbying efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2024, a foreign delegation of <a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Europe" title="Ford of Europe">Ford Germany</a> works council members and <a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a> deputies joined the <a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">picket line</a> at Tesla service center in <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a>, Sweden, as the strike continued.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2025, Tesla appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_courts_in_Sweden" title="Administrative courts in Sweden">Karlstad administrative court</a> to mandate the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Transport_Agency" title="Swedish Transport Agency">Swedish Transport Agency</a> provide license plates for newly sold vehicles, which is currently blocked by the postal union's sympathy strike.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_and_unions" title="Volkswagen and unions">Volkswagen and unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesla,_Inc.#Working_conditions" title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">Criticism of Tesla, Inc. § Working conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Views of Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk_salute_controversy" title="Elon Musk salute controversy">Elon Musk salute controversy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10K_2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10K_2022_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output 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The UAW Is Now Seeking an NLRB Investigation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_News" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS News">PBS News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240929203548/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-and-musk-discussed-firing-striking-workers-the-uaw-is-now-seeking-an-nlrb-investigation">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump+and+Musk+Discussed+Firing+Striking+Workers.+The+UAW+Is+Now+Seeking+an+NLRB+Investigation&rft.date=2024-08-13&rft.aulast=Krisher&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-and-musk-discussed-firing-striking-workers-the-uaw-is-now-seeking-an-nlrb-investigation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2024" class="citation web cs1">Goldman, David (August 13, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/13/business/uaw-trump-musk-charges/index.html">"UAW Files Federal Labor Charges Against Donald Trump and Elon Musk After Threatening Workers on X"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240903194125/https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/13/business/uaw-trump-musk-charges/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Tesla+Bought+an+Old+GM-Toyota+Factory+and+Made+It+Cool+%E2%80%94+but+in+Its+Former+Life+It+Built+a+Lot+More+Cars&rft.date=2017-10-27&rft.aulast=DeBord&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftesla-factory-built-more-cars-when-it-belonged-gm-and-toyota-2017-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBomey2016" class="citation news cs1">Bomey, Nathan (May 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2016/05/19/united-auto-worker-uaw-tesla-motors/84585682/">"UAW Wants Union for Tesla Factory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224103958/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2016/05/19/united-auto-worker-uaw-tesla-motors/84585682/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=UAW+Wants+Union+for+Tesla+Factory&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft.aulast=Bomey&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2Fcars%2F2016%2F05%2F19%2Funited-auto-worker-uaw-tesla-motors%2F84585682%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoran2017" class="citation web cs1">Moran, Jose (February 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@moran2017j/time-for-tesla-to-listen-ab5c6259fc88">"Time for Tesla to Listen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medium_(website)" title="Medium (website)">Medium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240721180703/https://medium.com/@moran2017j/time-for-tesla-to-listen-ab5c6259fc88">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Time+for+Tesla+to+Listen&rft.pub=Medium&rft.date=2017-02-09&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=Jose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40moran2017j%2Ftime-for-tesla-to-listen-ab5c6259fc88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheiber2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Scheiber" title="Noam Scheiber">Scheiber, Noam</a> (March 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/25/business/musk-labor-board.html">"Tesla Employee's Firing and Elon Musk Tweet on Union Were Illegal, Labor Board Rules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224103957/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/25/business/musk-labor-board.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tesla+Employee%27s+Firing+and+Elon+Musk+Tweet+on+Union+Were+Illegal%2C+Labor+Board+Rules.&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft.aulast=Scheiber&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F03%2F25%2Fbusiness%2Fmusk-labor-board.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musk-2018-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Musk-2018_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musk-2018_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElon_Musk2018" class="citation web cs1">Elon Musk [@elonmusk] (May 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/998454539941367808">"Nothing stopping Tesla team at our car plant from voting union. Could do so tmrw if they wanted. But why pay union dues & give up stock options for nothing? Our safety record is 2X better than when plant was UAW & everybody already gets healthcare"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nothing+stopping+Tesla+team+at+our+car+plant+from+voting+union.+Could+do+so+tmrw+if+they+wanted.+But+why+pay+union+dues+%26+give+up+stock+options+for+nothing%3F+Our+safety+record+is+2X+better+than+when+plant+was+UAW+%26+everybody+already+gets+healthcare.&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft.au=Elon+Musk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Felonmusk%2Fstatus%2F998454539941367808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolodny2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lora_Kolodny" title="Lora Kolodny">Kolodny, Lora</a> (March 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/25/tesla-elon-musk-anti-union-tweet-must-be-deleted-nlrb.html">"Tesla Ordered to Have Elon Musk Delete Anti-Union Tweet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240527074129/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/25/tesla-elon-musk-anti-union-tweet-must-be-deleted-nlrb.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Tesla+Ordered+to+Have+Elon+Musk+Delete+Anti-Union+Tweet&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft.aulast=Kolodny&rft.aufirst=Lora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F03%2F25%2Ftesla-elon-musk-anti-union-tweet-must-be-deleted-nlrb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nlrb-20210325-decision-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nlrb-20210325-decision_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFerranEmanuelRing2021" class="citation report cs1">McFerran, Lauren; Emanuel, William J.; Ring, John F. (March 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.nlrb.gov/link/document.aspx/09031d45833d3fce">Tesla, Inc. And Michael Sanchez, Jonathan Galescu, Richard Ortiz and International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, AFL–CIO</a> (decision and order). Decisions of the NLRB. <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a>. pp. 9, 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224104001/https://apps.nlrb.gov/link/document.aspx/09031d45833d3fce">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2022</span>. <q>General Counsel argues that to remedy fully CEO Musk's unlawful May 20, 2018 tweet, which coercively threatened that employees would lose their stock options if they selected the Union as their representative, the Board should order the Respondent to have Musk delete that tweet and to post a notice addressing that violation at its facilities nationwide. ... (f) Direct its agent and supervisor, CEO Elon Musk, to delete his May 20, 2018 statement</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Tesla%2C+Inc.+And+Michael+Sanchez%2C+Jonathan+Galescu%2C+Richard+Ortiz+and+International+Union%2C+United+Automobile%2C+Aerospace+and+Agricultural+Implement+Workers+of+America%2C+AFL%E2%80%93CIO.&rft.series=Decisions+of+the+NLRB&rft.pages=9%2C+10&rft.pub=National+Labor+Relations+Board&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft.aulast=McFerran&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.au=Emanuel%2C+William+J.&rft.au=Ring%2C+John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.nlrb.gov%2Flink%2Fdocument.aspx%2F09031d45833d3fce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2021" class="citation news cs1">Peters, Jay (March 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/25/22351157/tesla-elon-musk-delete-anti-union-tweet-national-labor-relations-board">"Tesla Has to Tell Elon Musk to Delete a 2018 Tweet, Labor Board Rules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224103957/https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/25/22351157/tesla-elon-musk-delete-anti-union-tweet-national-labor-relations-board">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Tesla+Has+to+Tell+Elon+Musk+to+Delete+a+2018+Tweet%2C+Labor+Board+Rules&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F3%2F25%2F22351157%2Ftesla-elon-musk-delete-anti-union-tweet-national-labor-relations-board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt33123-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt33123_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt33123_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheiber2023" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Scheiber" title="Noam Scheiber">Scheiber, Noam</a> (March 31, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/31/business/tesla-union-musk-twitter.html">"Tesla and Musk Lose Ruling on Factory Union Issues"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411065725/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/31/business/tesla-union-musk-twitter.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tesla+and+Musk+Lose+Ruling+on+Factory+Union+Issues&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft.aulast=Scheiber&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F03%2F31%2Fbusiness%2Ftesla-union-musk-twitter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ap20241029-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ap20241029_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGill2024" class="citation news cs1">McGill, Kevin (October 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-uaw-twitter-nlrb-tesla-5fab2a42b9543f7702deed80d79c7d02">"Elon Musk wins a court battle over a 2018 post during a labor dispute"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241029221955/https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-uaw-twitter-nlrb-tesla-5fab2a42b9543f7702deed80d79c7d02">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+wins+a+court+battle+over+a+2018+post+during+a+labor+dispute&rft.date=2024-10-29&rft.aulast=McGill&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Felon-musk-uaw-twitter-nlrb-tesla-5fab2a42b9543f7702deed80d79c7d02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20220303-boston-elliott-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20220303-boston-elliott_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBostonElliott2022" class="citation news cs1">Boston, William; Elliott, Rebecca (March 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-invites-uaw-to-hold-union-vote-at-tesla-11646292963">"Elon Musk Invites UAW to Hold Union Vote at Tesla"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303110155/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-invites-uaw-to-hold-union-vote-at-tesla-11646292963">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2022</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Tesla will do nothing to stop them,' the chief executive says</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+Invites+UAW+to+Hold+Union+Vote+at+Tesla&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Boston&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Felon-musk-invites-uaw-to-hold-union-vote-at-tesla-11646292963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaylandKolodny2022" class="citation news cs1">Wayland, Michael; <a href="/wiki/Lora_Kolodny" title="Lora Kolodny">Kolodny, Lora</a> (March 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/29/autos-union-chief-responds-to-elon-musk-inviting-uaw-to-organize-tesla-workers.html">"Tesla Should Accept That It Violated Labor Laws If Elon Musk Is Serious About Inviting the UAW to Organize Workers, Union Chief Ray Curry Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230522222537/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/29/autos-union-chief-responds-to-elon-musk-inviting-uaw-to-organize-tesla-workers.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Tesla+Should+Accept+That+It+Violated+Labor+Laws+If+Elon+Musk+Is+Serious+About+Inviting+the+UAW+to+Organize+Workers%2C+Union+Chief+Ray+Curry+Says&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft.aulast=Wayland&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Kolodny%2C+Lora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F03%2F29%2Fautos-union-chief-responds-to-elon-musk-inviting-uaw-to-organize-tesla-workers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolodny2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lora_Kolodny" title="Lora Kolodny">Kolodny, Lora</a> (June 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/02/tesla-paid-pr-firm-to-surveil-employees-on-facebook-in-2017-union-push.html">"Tesla Monitored Its Employees on Facebook with Help of PR Firm During 2017 Union Push"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220604054621/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/02/tesla-paid-pr-firm-to-surveil-employees-on-facebook-in-2017-union-push.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Tesla+Monitored+Its+Employees+on+Facebook+with+Help+of+PR+Firm+During+2017+Union+Push&rft.date=2022-06-03&rft.aulast=Kolodny&rft.aufirst=Lora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F06%2F02%2Ftesla-paid-pr-firm-to-surveil-employees-on-facebook-in-2017-union-push.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. 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A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+Business&rft.atitle=Tesla+Corporate+Campaign+Costs+UAW+Hundreds+of+Thousands&rft.date=2018-04-10&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=Brittany+De&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxbusiness.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftesla-corporate-campaign-costs-uaw-hundreds-of-thousands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRapier2019" class="citation news cs1">Rapier, Graham (June 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-workers-illegally-fired-for-unionizing-in-buffao-nlrb-complaint-2019-6">"Workers at Tesla's Buffalo Solar Tile Factory Say the Company Sabotaged Their Efforts to Find New Jobs After Trying to Unionize"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117001826/https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-workers-illegally-fired-for-unionizing-in-buffao-nlrb-complaint-2019-6">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Workers+at+Tesla%27s+Buffalo+Solar+Tile+Factory+Say+the+Company+Sabotaged+Their+Efforts+to+Find+New+Jobs+After+Trying+to+Unionize&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft.aulast=Rapier&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftesla-workers-illegally-fired-for-unionizing-in-buffao-nlrb-complaint-2019-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlrb.gov/case/03-CA-243522">"Tesla Case Number: 03-CA-243522"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tesla+Case+Number%3A+03-CA-243522&rft.pub=National+Labor+Relations+Board&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlrb.gov%2Fcase%2F03-CA-243522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEidelson2023" class="citation news cs1">Eidelson, Josh (February 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-14/tesla-autopilot-workers-launch-union-campaign-in-buffalo-new-york-tsla">"Tesla Workers Launch Union Campaign in New York"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230214205156/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-14/tesla-autopilot-workers-launch-union-campaign-in-buffalo-new-york-tsla">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Tesla+Workers+Launch+Union+Campaign+in+New+York&rft.date=2023-02-14&rft.aulast=Eidelson&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-02-14%2Ftesla-autopilot-workers-launch-union-campaign-in-buffalo-new-york-tsla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStancil2023" class="citation news cs1">Stancil, Kenny (February 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/tesla-workers-union-campaign-buffalo">"Tesla Workers Are Organizing a Union in Buffalo—With Help From Starbucks Veterans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Common_Dreams" title="Common Dreams">Common Dreams</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529210912/https://www.commondreams.org/news/tesla-workers-union-campaign-buffalo">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Common+Dreams&rft.atitle=Tesla+Workers+Are+Organizing+a+Union+in+Buffalo%E2%80%94With+Help+From+Starbucks+Veterans&rft.date=2023-02-14&rft.aulast=Stancil&rft.aufirst=Kenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Fnews%2Ftesla-workers-union-campaign-buffalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEidelson2023" class="citation news cs1">Eidelson, Josh (February 16, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-16/tesla-tsla-fires-unionizing-workers-after-labor-campaign-complaint-alleges">"Tesla Just Terminated Dozens in Response to New Union Campaign, Complaint Alleges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216134001/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-16/tesla-tsla-fires-unionizing-workers-after-labor-campaign-complaint-alleges">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Tesla+Just+Terminated+Dozens+in+Response+to+New+Union+Campaign%2C+Complaint+Alleges&rft.date=2023-02-16&rft.aulast=Eidelson&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-02-16%2Ftesla-tsla-fires-unionizing-workers-after-labor-campaign-complaint-alleges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEwingScheiber2023" class="citation news cs1">Ewing, Jack; <a href="/wiki/Noam_Scheiber" title="Noam Scheiber">Scheiber, Noam</a> (February 16, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/business/tesla-buffalo-union.html">"Tesla Fired Buffalo Workers Seeking to Organize, Union Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230522224239/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/business/tesla-buffalo-union.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tesla+Fired+Buffalo+Workers+Seeking+to+Organize%2C+Union+Says&rft.date=2023-02-16&rft.aulast=Ewing&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Scheiber%2C+Noam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F02%2F16%2Fbusiness%2Ftesla-buffalo-union.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlynn2023" class="citation news cs1">Glynn, Matt (November 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buffalonews.com/news/local/business/nlrb-director-dismisses-claims-by-union-that-tesla-illegally-fired-workers/article_b58c901c-8d61-11ee-a07a-8fda2a6bafbc.html">"NLRB Director Dismisses Claims by Union That Tesla Illegally Fired Workers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo News">Buffalo News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117001827/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/business/nlrb-director-dismisses-claims-by-union-that-tesla-illegally-fired-workers/article_b58c901c-8d61-11ee-a07a-8fda2a6bafbc.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+News&rft.atitle=NLRB+Director+Dismisses+Claims+by+Union+That+Tesla+Illegally+Fired+Workers&rft.date=2023-11-28&rft.aulast=Glynn&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuffalonews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbusiness%2Fnlrb-director-dismisses-claims-by-union-that-tesla-illegally-fired-workers%2Farticle_b58c901c-8d61-11ee-a07a-8fda2a6bafbc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolodny2024" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lora_Kolodny" title="Lora Kolodny">Kolodny, Lora</a> (May 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/09/tesla-accused-by-nlrb-of-chilling-worker-unionizing-efforts-in-buffalo.html">"Tesla Accused by NLRB of Creating Policies to Chill Workers' Unionizing Efforts in Buffalo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515122833/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/09/tesla-accused-by-nlrb-of-chilling-worker-unionizing-efforts-in-buffalo.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Tesla+Accused+by+NLRB+of+Creating+Policies+to+Chill+Workers%27+Unionizing+Efforts+in+Buffalo&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.aulast=Kolodny&rft.aufirst=Lora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2024%2F05%2F09%2Ftesla-accused-by-nlrb-of-chilling-worker-unionizing-efforts-in-buffalo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2024/01/brandenburg-gruenheide-tesla-gegen-tarifbindung.html">"Tesla Lehnt Tarifverträge Für Beschäftigte Weiterhin Ab"</a> [Tesla continues to reject collective agreements for workers]. <i><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). January 7, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240120172559/https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2024/01/brandenburg-gruenheide-tesla-gegen-tarifbindung.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft.atitle=Tesla+Lehnt+Tarifvertr%C3%A4ge+F%C3%BCr+Besch%C3%A4ftigte+Weiterhin+Ab&rft.date=2024-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb24.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Fbeitrag%2F2024%2F01%2Fbrandenburg-gruenheide-tesla-gegen-tarifbindung.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüllerSchulten2023" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Torsten; Schulten, Thorsten (June 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etui.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/Chapter12_Germany_Different%20worlds%20of%20trade%20unions_2023.pdf">"Chapter 12 Germany: Different worlds of trade unionism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Waddington, Jeremy; Müller, Torsten; Vandaele, Kurt (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterlang.com/document/1303070"><i>Trade Unions in the European Union</i></a>. Peter Lang Verlag. pp. <span class="nowrap">459–</span>502. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3726%2Fb20254">10.3726/b20254</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87574-635-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87574-635-1"><bdi>978-2-87574-635-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715223121/https://www.peterlang.com/document/1303070">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/European_Trade_Union_Institute" title="European Trade Union Institute">European Trade Union Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+12+Germany%3A+Different+worlds+of+trade+unionism&rft.btitle=Trade+Unions+in+the+European+Union&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E459-%3C%2Fspan%3E502&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Verlag&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3726%2Fb20254&rft.isbn=978-2-87574-635-1&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Torsten&rft.au=Schulten%2C+Thorsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etui.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-06%2FChapter12_Germany_Different%2520worlds%2520of%2520trade%2520unions_2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2021" class="citation news cs1">Levin, Tim (April 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-gigafactory-berlin-union-battle-ig-metall-2021-4">"Tesla Is on a Collision Course with Germany's Biggest Union and Neither Side Is Likely to Back Down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224113607/https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-gigafactory-berlin-union-battle-ig-metall-2021-4">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Tesla+Is+on+a+Collision+Course+with+Germany%27s+Biggest+Union+and+Neither+Side+Is+Likely+to+Back+Down&rft.date=2021-04-03&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftesla-gigafactory-berlin-union-battle-ig-metall-2021-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupuisGreerKirschLechowski2024" class="citation journal cs1">Dupuis, Mathieu; Greer, Ian; Kirsch, Anja; Lechowski, Grzegorz; Park, Dongwoo; Zimmermann, Tobias (May 8, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00197939241250001">"A Just Transition for Auto Workers? Negotiating the Electric Vehicle Transition in Germany and North America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ILR_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="ILR Review">ILR Review</a></i>. <b>77</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">770–</span>798. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00197939241250001">10.1177/00197939241250001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-7939">0019-7939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ILR+Review&rft.atitle=A+Just+Transition+for+Auto+Workers%3F+Negotiating+the+Electric+Vehicle+Transition+in+Germany+and+North+America&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E770-%3C%2Fspan%3E798&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F00197939241250001&rft.issn=0019-7939&rft.aulast=Dupuis&rft.aufirst=Mathieu&rft.au=Greer%2C+Ian&rft.au=Kirsch%2C+Anja&rft.au=Lechowski%2C+Grzegorz&rft.au=Park%2C+Dongwoo&rft.au=Zimmermann%2C+Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F00197939241250001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVetter2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vetter, Philipp (April 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article163735272/Nach-Uebernahme-droht-Tesla-ein-Streik-in-Deutschland.html">"Tesla: ÄRger Mit Dem Maschinenbauer Grohmann"</a> [Tesla: Trouble with the machine manufacturer Grohmann]. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224110920/https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article163735272/Nach-Uebernahme-droht-Tesla-ein-Streik-in-Deutschland.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&rft.atitle=Tesla%3A+%C3%84Rger+Mit+Dem+Maschinenbauer+Grohmann&rft.date=2017-04-16&rft.aulast=Vetter&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Farticle163735272%2FNach-Uebernahme-droht-Tesla-ein-Streik-in-Deutschland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVetter2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vetter, Philipp (October 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article169760888/Tesla-gibt-deutschen-Mitarbeitern-deutliche-Gehaltserhoehung.html">"Deutschland: Tesla Einigt Sich Auf Deutliche Gehaltssteigerung"</a> [Germany: Tesla agrees on significant salary increase]. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831121644/https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article169760888/Tesla-gibt-deutschen-Mitarbeitern-deutliche-Gehaltserhoehung.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&rft.atitle=Deutschland%3A+Tesla+Einigt+Sich+Auf+Deutliche+Gehaltssteigerung&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft.aulast=Vetter&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Farticle169760888%2FTesla-gibt-deutschen-Mitarbeitern-deutliche-Gehaltserhoehung.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldersee2021" class="citation news cs1">Waldersee, Victoria (October 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/teslas-gigafactory-electrifies-california-germany-culture-clash-2021-10-07/">"Tesla's Gigafactory Electrifies California-Germany Culture Clash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224113607/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/teslas-gigafactory-electrifies-california-germany-culture-clash-2021-10-07/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tesla%27s+Gigafactory+Electrifies+California-Germany+Culture+Clash&rft.date=2021-10-07&rft.aulast=Waldersee&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fautos-transportation%2Fteslas-gigafactory-electrifies-california-germany-culture-clash-2021-10-07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy2022" class="citation news cs1">Eddy, Nathan (January 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europe.autonews.com/automakers/german-union-steps-efforts-recruit-tesla-workers-office-near-berlin-plant">"German Union Steps up Efforts to Recruit Tesla Workers with Office Near Berlin Plant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Automotive_News" title="Automotive News">Automotive News Europe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220106225337/https://europe.autonews.com/automakers/german-union-steps-efforts-recruit-tesla-workers-office-near-berlin-plant">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Automotive+News+Europe&rft.atitle=German+Union+Steps+up+Efforts+to+Recruit+Tesla+Workers+with+Office+Near+Berlin+Plant&rft.date=2022-01-03&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurope.autonews.com%2Fautomakers%2Fgerman-union-steps-efforts-recruit-tesla-workers-office-near-berlin-plant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnstorf2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barnstorf, Phillip (November 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101140657/https://www.rbb24.de/studiofrankfurt/wirtschaft/tesla/2021/11/gruenheide-tesla-ig-metall-betriebsrat-arbeiter.html">"IG Metall Fürchtet Strategie in Früh Gewähltem Tesla-Betriebsrat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb24.de/studiofrankfurt/wirtschaft/tesla/2021/11/gruenheide-tesla-ig-metall-betriebsrat-arbeiter.html">the original</a> on January 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft.atitle=IG+Metall+F%C3%BCrchtet+Strategie+in+Fr%C3%BCh+Gew%C3%A4hltem+Tesla-Betriebsrat&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft.aulast=Barnstorf&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb24.de%2Fstudiofrankfurt%2Fwirtschaft%2Ftesla%2F2021%2F11%2Fgruenheide-tesla-ig-metall-betriebsrat-arbeiter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldersee2021" class="citation news cs1">Waldersee, Victoria (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/german-union-fears-new-tesla-works-council-will-be-top-heavy-2021-11-24/">"German Union Fears New Tesla Works Council Will Be Top Heavy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214190057/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/german-union-fears-new-tesla-works-council-will-be-top-heavy-2021-11-24/">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=German+Union+Fears+New+Tesla+Works+Council+Will+Be+Top+Heavy&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Waldersee&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fautos-transportation%2Fgerman-union-fears-new-tesla-works-council-will-be-top-heavy-2021-11-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123135903/https://www.rbb24.de/studiofrankfurt/wirtschaft/tesla/2022/03/tesla-gruenheide-betriebsrat-wahl-oderspree.html">"Erster Betriebsrat Bei Tesla Steht Fest"</a> [The first works council at Tesla has been set]. <i><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb24.de/studiofrankfurt/wirtschaft/tesla/2022/03/tesla-gruenheide-betriebsrat-wahl-oderspree.html">the original</a> on January 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft.atitle=Erster+Betriebsrat+Bei+Tesla+Steht+Fest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb24.de%2Fstudiofrankfurt%2Fwirtschaft%2Ftesla%2F2022%2F03%2Ftesla-gruenheide-betriebsrat-wahl-oderspree.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/tesla-under-fire-germany-over-union-concerns-working-hours-contracts-2023-01-16/">"Tesla Under Fire in Germany over Union Concerns on Working Hours, Contracts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. January 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tesla+Under+Fire+in+Germany+over+Union+Concerns+on+Working+Hours%2C+Contracts&rft.date=2023-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftesla-under-fire-germany-over-union-concerns-working-hours-contracts-2023-01-16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhaimiya2023" class="citation news cs1">Bhaimiya, Sawdah (January 16, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/major-union-germany-says-workers-143603991.html">"A Major Union in Germany Says Workers at Tesla's Berlin Factory Face Unreasonable Working Hours and Fear Speaking Out"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">Yahoo News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230116231206/https://news.yahoo.com/major-union-germany-says-workers-143603991.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=A+Major+Union+in+Germany+Says+Workers+at+Tesla%27s+Berlin+Factory+Face+Unreasonable+Working+Hours+and+Fear+Speaking+Out&rft.date=2023-01-16&rft.aulast=Bhaimiya&rft.aufirst=Sawdah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fmajor-union-germany-says-workers-143603991.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:8_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2024/02/tesla-betriebsrat-wahl-igmetall-gruenheide-produktionsstopp-lieferketten-gewerkschaft-brandenburg.html">"IG Metall Will Betriebsratswahl Bei Tesla in Grünheide Vorläufig Stoppen"</a> [IG Metall intends to temporarily stop Tesla's election of works council in Grünheide]. <i><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). February 6, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240206141832/https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2024/02/tesla-betriebsrat-wahl-igmetall-gruenheide-produktionsstopp-lieferketten-gewerkschaft-brandenburg.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft.atitle=IG+Metall+Will+Betriebsratswahl+Bei+Tesla+in+Gr%C3%BCnheide+Vorl%C3%A4ufig+Stoppen&rft.date=2024-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb24.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Fbeitrag%2F2024%2F02%2Ftesla-betriebsrat-wahl-igmetall-gruenheide-produktionsstopp-lieferketten-gewerkschaft-brandenburg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2024/03/brandenburg-tesla-betriebsrat-wahl-elon-musk.html">"Tesla-Beschäftigte Haben Betriebsrat Gewählt – IG Metall Liegt Vorn"</a> [Tesla workers have voted a works council – IG Metall is ahead]. <i><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). March 22, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614234035/https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2024/03/brandenburg-tesla-betriebsrat-wahl-elon-musk.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft.atitle=Tesla-Besch%C3%A4ftigte+Haben+Betriebsrat+Gew%C3%A4hlt+%E2%80%93+IG+Metall+Liegt+Vorn&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb24.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Fbeitrag%2F2024%2F03%2Fbrandenburg-tesla-betriebsrat-wahl-elon-musk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerfürden2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verfürden, Michael (March 20, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/industrie/gigafactory-gruenheide-ig-metall-gewinnt-betriebsratswahl-bei-tesla/100026108.html">"IG Metall Gewinnt Betriebsratswahl Bei Tesla"</a> [IG Metall wins works council election at Tesla]. <i><a href="/wiki/Handelsblatt" title="Handelsblatt">Handelsblatt</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240916202040/https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/industrie/gigafactory-gruenheide-ig-metall-gewinnt-betriebsratswahl-bei-tesla/100026108.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handelsblatt&rft.atitle=IG+Metall+Gewinnt+Betriebsratswahl+Bei+Tesla&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=Verf%C3%BCrden&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.handelsblatt.com%2Funternehmen%2Findustrie%2Fgigafactory-gruenheide-ig-metall-gewinnt-betriebsratswahl-bei-tesla%2F100026108.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerfürden2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verfürden, Michael (March 19, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/industrie/tesla-werk-betriebsratswahl-spaltet-teslas-belegschaft-in-gruenheide/100025048.html">"Betriebsratswahl Spaltet Teslas Belegschaft in Grünheide"</a> [Works council election splits Tesla's workforce in Grünheide]. <i><a href="/wiki/Handelsblatt" title="Handelsblatt">Handelsblatt</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240916202046/https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/industrie/tesla-werk-betriebsratswahl-spaltet-teslas-belegschaft-in-gruenheide/100025048.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handelsblatt&rft.atitle=Betriebsratswahl+Spaltet+Teslas+Belegschaft+in+Gr%C3%BCnheide&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft.aulast=Verf%C3%BCrden&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.handelsblatt.com%2Funternehmen%2Findustrie%2Ftesla-werk-betriebsratswahl-spaltet-teslas-belegschaft-in-gruenheide%2F100025048.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2024/04/brandenburg-gruenheide-tesla-betriebsrat-konstituierende-sitzung-schmitz-vorsitzende.html">"Neugewählter Tesla-Betriebsrat Bestätigt Michaela Schmitz Als Vorsitzende"</a> [Newly elected Tesla works council confirms Michaela Schmitz as chairwoman]. <i><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). April 5, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240825144831/https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2024/04/brandenburg-gruenheide-tesla-betriebsrat-konstituierende-sitzung-schmitz-vorsitzende.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rundfunk+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft.atitle=Neugew%C3%A4hlter+Tesla-Betriebsrat+Best%C3%A4tigt+Michaela+Schmitz+Als+Vorsitzende&rft.date=2024-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb24.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Fbeitrag%2F2024%2F04%2Fbrandenburg-gruenheide-tesla-betriebsrat-konstituierende-sitzung-schmitz-vorsitzende.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteitzWaldersee2024" class="citation news cs1">Steitz, Christoph; Waldersee, Victoria (December 17, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-castigates-german-union-over-attempt-oust-works-council-head-2024-12-17/">"Tesla castigates German union over attempt to oust works council head"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tesla+castigates+German+union+over+attempt+to+oust+works+council+head&rft.date=2024-12-17&rft.aulast=Steitz&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft.au=Waldersee%2C+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fautos-transportation%2Ftesla-castigates-german-union-over-attempt-oust-works-council-head-2024-12-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/strejk-inledd-pa-tesla-i-sverige">"Strejk Inledd På Tesla I Sverige"</a> [Strike started at Tesla in Sweden]. <i><a href="/wiki/SVT_Nyheter" class="mw-redirect" title="SVT Nyheter">SVT Nyheter</a></i> (in Swedish). October 27, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106145155/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/strejk-inledd-pa-tesla-i-sverige">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SVT+Nyheter&rft.atitle=Strejk+Inledd+P%C3%A5+Tesla+I+Sverige&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svt.se%2Fnyheter%2Finrikes%2Fstrejk-inledd-pa-tesla-i-sverige&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_57-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhn2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kuhn" title="Gabriel Kuhn">Kuhn, Gabriel</a> (May 8, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turningpointmag.org/2024/05/08/the-head-of-sac-tesla-faces-a-stalemate-in-sweden-as-the-longest-strike-in-decades-grinds-on/">"The Head of SAC: Tesla Faces a 'Stalemate' in Sweden as the Longest Strike in Decades Grinds On"</a>. <i>Turning Point</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614234038/https://turningpointmag.org/2024/05/08/the-head-of-sac-tesla-faces-a-stalemate-in-sweden-as-the-longest-strike-in-decades-grinds-on/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turning+Point&rft.atitle=The+Head+of+SAC%3A+Tesla+Faces+a+%27Stalemate%27+in+Sweden+as+the+Longest+Strike+in+Decades+Grinds+On&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fturningpointmag.org%2F2024%2F05%2F08%2Fthe-head-of-sac-tesla-faces-a-stalemate-in-sweden-as-the-longest-strike-in-decades-grinds-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBackman2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Backman, Wilma (November 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/strejken-mot-tesla-utvidgas-ser-ingen-annan-utvag">"Strejken Mot Tesla Och Klarna Utvidgas: 'Ser Ingen Annan Utväg'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [The strike against Tesla and Klarna is extended: 'Sees no other way out']. <i><a href="/wiki/SVT_Nyheter" class="mw-redirect" title="SVT Nyheter">SVT Nyheter</a></i> (in Swedish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107172449/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/strejken-mot-tesla-utvidgas-ser-ingen-annan-utvag">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SVT+Nyheter&rft.atitle=Strejken+Mot+Tesla+Och+Klarna+Utvidgas%3A+%27Ser+Ingen+Annan+Utv%C3%A4g%27&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft.aulast=Backman&rft.aufirst=Wilma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svt.se%2Fnyheter%2Finrikes%2Fstrejken-mot-tesla-utvidgas-ser-ingen-annan-utvag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv4.se/artikel/19AlGSrRg7xtAUuC5LMe4s/facket-larmar-om-strejkbrytare-vid-tesla-folk-aer-livraedda">"Facket Larmar Om Strejkbrytare Vid Tesla: 'Folk ÄR Livrädda'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [The union raises the alarm about strike breakers at Tesla: 'People are terrified']. <i><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></i> (in Swedish). October 27, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106145156/https://www.tv4.se/artikel/19AlGSrRg7xtAUuC5LMe4s/facket-larmar-om-strejkbrytare-vid-tesla-folk-aer-livraedda">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TV4&rft.atitle=Facket+Larmar+Om+Strejkbrytare+Vid+Tesla%3A+%27Folk+%C3%84R+Livr%C3%A4dda%27&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv4.se%2Fartikel%2F19AlGSrRg7xtAUuC5LMe4s%2Ffacket-larmar-om-strejkbrytare-vid-tesla-folk-aer-livraedda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sweden/article/2024/02/21/swedish-tesla-strike-expands-to-include-charging-stations_6546395_213.html">"Swedish Tesla Strike Expands to Include Charging Stations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>. February 21, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311041933/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sweden/article/2024/02/21/swedish-tesla-strike-expands-to-include-charging-stations_6546395_213.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Swedish+Tesla+Strike+Expands+to+Include+Charging+Stations&rft.date=2024-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Fsweden%2Farticle%2F2024%2F02%2F21%2Fswedish-tesla-strike-expands-to-include-charging-stations_6546395_213.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-labour-dispute-ignites-nordic-sympathy-strikes-2023-12-07/">"Tesla Labour Dispute Ignites Nordic Sympathy Strikes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. December 7, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210062434/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-labour-dispute-ignites-nordic-sympathy-strikes-2023-12-07/">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tesla+Labour+Dispute+Ignites+Nordic+Sympathy+Strikes&rft.date=2023-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fautos-transportation%2Ftesla-labour-dispute-ignites-nordic-sympathy-strikes-2023-12-07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2023" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Heather (December 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/dec/01/tesla-swedish-unions-elon-musk">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We Can't Let Tesla Get Away with This': Why Swedish Unions Are Fighting Elon Musk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240916202044/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/dec/01/tesla-swedish-unions-elon-musk">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We+Can%27t+Let+Tesla+Get+Away+with+This%27%3A+Why+Swedish+Unions+Are+Fighting+Elon+Musk&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2023%2Fdec%2F01%2Ftesla-swedish-unions-elon-musk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaye" class="citation web cs1">Kaye, Danielle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/11/17/1213157550/tesla-sweden-union-workers-boycott">"Swedish Dockworkers Are Refusing to Unload Teslas at Ports in Broad Boycott Move"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Swedish+Dockworkers+Are+Refusing+to+Unload+Teslas+at+Ports+in+Broad+Boycott+Move&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F11%2F17%2F1213157550%2Ftesla-sweden-union-workers-boycott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Vynck" class="citation news cs1">De Vynck, Gerrit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/29/tesla-strike-sweden-elon-musk/">"Tesla Strike in Sweden Is Biggest Test yet of Elon Musk's Anti-Union Stance"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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December 6, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207100228/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/norway-union-warns-it-may-block-tesla-cars-meant-sweden-2023-12-06/">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 1, 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-raises-sweden-market-share-despite-labour-strike-2024-10-01/">the original</a> on October 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tesla+Raises+Sweden+Market+Share+Despite+Labour+Strike&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fautos-transportation%2Ftesla-raises-sweden-market-share-despite-labour-strike-2024-10-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGronholt-Pedersen2023" class="citation news cs1">Gronholt-Pedersen, Jacob (December 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209095543/https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/danish-pension-fund-sell-its-tesla-shares-over-union-dispute-2023-12-06/">"Danish pension fund to sell its Tesla shares over union dispute"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/danish-pension-fund-sell-its-tesla-shares-over-union-dispute-2023-12-06/">the original</a> on February 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2025</span>. <q>PensionDanmark, one of Denmark's largest pension funds, said on Wednesday it had decided to sell its holdings in Tesla (TSLA.O), opens new tab over the U.S. auto company's refusal to enter into agreements with labour unions. The decision is part of a growing Nordic movement to force Tesla to sign collective bargaining agreements with Swedish mechanics, who have been on strike since October.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Danish+pension+fund+to+sell+its+Tesla+shares+over+union+dispute&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft.aulast=Gronholt-Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fsustainability%2Fdanish-pension-fund-sell-its-tesla-shares-over-union-dispute-2023-12-06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellMilne2023" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Peter; Milne, Richard (December 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/384a6ef6-1c8d-420a-8b8a-dc94d754b01b">"Wanted: Nordic Expert to Help Elon Musk Defuse Tesla Union Row"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223122211/https://www.ft.com/content/384a6ef6-1c8d-420a-8b8a-dc94d754b01b">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Wanted%3A+Nordic+Expert+to+Help+Elon+Musk+Defuse+Tesla+Union+Row&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Milne%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F384a6ef6-1c8d-420a-8b8a-dc94d754b01b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.industriall-union.org/solidarity-in-malmo-as-ford-workers-join-tesla-picket-line">"Solidarity in Malmö as Ford Workers Join Tesla Picket Line"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IndustriALL" class="mw-redirect" title="IndustriALL">IndustriALL</a>. September 12, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240920194158/https://www.industriall-union.org/solidarity-in-malmo-as-ford-workers-join-tesla-picket-line">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solidarity+in+Malm%C3%B6+as+Ford+Workers+Join+Tesla+Picket+Line&rft.pub=IndustriALL&rft.date=2024-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.industriall-union.org%2Fsolidarity-in-malmo-as-ford-workers-join-tesla-picket-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-seeks-sweden-court-order-protracted-labour-union-conflict-2025-01-07/">"Tesla Seeks Sweden Court Order in Protracted Labour Union Conflict"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. January 7, 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/mbOun">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tesla+Seeks+Sweden+Court+Order+in+Protracted+Labour+Union+Conflict&rft.date=2025-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fautos-transportation%2Ftesla-seeks-sweden-court-order-protracted-labour-union-conflict-2025-01-07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATesla+and+unions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tesla_and_unions&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teslaworkerrights.org/">Tesla Worker Rights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207220610/http://www.teslaworkerrights.org/">Archived</a> December 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.igm-tesla.de/">IG Metall bei Tesla</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.igm-tesla.de/eng/">English</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240903102455/https://www.igm-tesla.de/">Archived</a> September 3, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Additional archives: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240519224658/https://www.igm-tesla.de/eng/">English</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairfutureattesla.org/">Fair Future Tesla</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011035843/https://www.fairfutureattesla.org/">Archived</a> October 11, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teslaworkersunited.org/">Tesla Workers United</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218114006/https://www.teslaworkersunited.org/">Archived</a> February 18, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="/wiki/Siemens_and_unions" title="Siemens and unions">Siemens</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_and_unions" title="Volkswagen and unions">Volkswagen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internet and Telecommunication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_worker_organization" title="Google worker organization">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_and_unions" title="IBM and unions">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_and_unions" title="Meta and unions">Meta Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_unions" title="Microsoft and unions">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_and_unions" title="SAP and unions">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotify and unions">Spotify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TU_(union)" title="TU (union)">Telekom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks_unions" title="Starbucks unions">Starbucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_and_unions" title="McDonald's and unions">McDonald's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aviation and transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ryanair_and_unions" title="Ryanair and unions">Ryanair</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tesla,_Inc.305" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tesla,_Inc." title="Template:Tesla, Inc."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tesla,_Inc." title="Template talk:Tesla, Inc."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tesla,_Inc." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tesla, Inc."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tesla,_Inc.305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric<br />vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cybertruck" title="Tesla Cybertruck">Cybertruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_3" title="Tesla Model 3">Model 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S" title="Tesla Model S">Model S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_X" title="Tesla Model X">Model X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_Y" title="Tesla Model Y">Model Y</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cybercab" title="Tesla Cybercab">Cybercab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cyberquad" title="Tesla Cyberquad">Cyberquad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Roadster_(second_generation)" title="Tesla Roadster (second generation)">Roadster (2nd gen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Semi" title="Tesla Semi">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Robovan" title="Tesla Robovan">Robovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_next-generation_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla next-generation vehicle">Tesla next-generation vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Roadster_(first_generation)" title="Tesla Roadster (first generation)">Roadster (1st gen.)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Cyberquad" title="Tesla Cyberquad">Cyberquad for Kids</a></li> <li>Mercedes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_A-Class_E-Cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes A-Class E-Cell">A-Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_B-Class_Electric_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive">B-Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_electric_drive#Second_generation" title="Smart electric drive">Smart Fortwo ED</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_RAV4_EV#Second_generation" title="Toyota RAV4 EV">Toyota RAV4 EV (2nd gen.)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Tesla Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Megacharger" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Megacharger">Megacharger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Charging_System" title="North American Charging System">North American Charging System</a> (NACS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Supercharger" title="Tesla Supercharger">Supercharger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Megapack" title="Tesla Megapack">Megapack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Powerwall" title="Tesla Powerwall">Powerwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Powerpack" title="Tesla Powerpack">Powerpack</a> (discontinued)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Solar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_solar_panels" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla solar panels">Solar panels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Solar_Roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Solar Roof">Solar Roof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial<br />intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optimus_(robot)" title="Optimus (robot)">Optimus (robot)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">Supercomputers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Dojo" title="Tesla Dojo">Tesla Dojo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system" title="Advanced driver-assistance system">ADAS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Autopilot" title="Tesla Autopilot">Tesla Autopilot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tesla_Autopilot_hardware" title="Tesla Autopilot hardware">Tesla Autopilot hardware</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_factories" title="List of Tesla factories">Factories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Fremont_Factory" title="Tesla Fremont Factory">Fremont</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Mexico" title="Gigafactory Mexico">Mexico</a> (future)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Nevada" title="Gigafactory Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_New_York" title="Gigafactory New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Shanghai" title="Gigafactory Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Texas" title="Gigafactory Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_facilities_in_Tilburg" title="Tesla facilities in Tilburg">Tilburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robyn_Denholm" title="Robyn Denholm">Robyn Denholm</a> (Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaibhav_Taneja" title="Vaibhav Taneja">Vaibhav Taneja</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Zhu" title="Tom Zhu">Tom Zhu</a> (SVP of automotive)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Holzhausen" title="Franz von Holzhausen">Franz von Holzhausen</a> (Chief Designer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gebbia" title="Joe Gebbia">Joe Gebbia</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Murdoch" title="James Murdoch">James Murdoch</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimbal_Musk" title="Kimbal Musk">Kimbal Musk</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Straubel" title="J. B. Straubel">J. B. Straubel</a> (board, co-founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Wilson-Thompson" title="Kathleen Wilson-Thompson">Kathleen Wilson-Thompson</a> (board)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Ahuja" title="Deepak Ahuja">Deepak Ahuja</a> (two-time CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Baglino" title="Drew Baglino">Drew Baglino</a> (SVP of engineering)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Drori" title="Ze'ev Drori">Ze'ev Drori</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Eberhard" title="Martin Eberhard">Martin Eberhard</a> (co-founder, CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jurvetson" title="Steve Jurvetson">Steve Jurvetson</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Karpathy" title="Andrej Karpathy">Andrej Karpathy</a> (AI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zach_Kirkhorn" title="Zach Kirkhorn">Zach Kirkhorn</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnnon_Geshuri" title="Arnnon Geshuri">Arnnon Geshuri</a> (HR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Guillen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome Guillen">Jérôme Guillen</a> (automotive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Keller_(engineer)" title="Jim Keller (engineer)">Jim Keller</a> (Autopilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Lattner" title="Chris Lattner">Chris Lattner</a> (Autopilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiromichi_Mizuno" title="Hiromichi Mizuno">Hiromichi Mizuno</a> (board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tarpenning" title="Marc Tarpenning">Marc Tarpenning</a> (co-founder, CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Vijayan" title="Jay Vijayan">Jay Vijayan</a> (CIO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">Criticism of Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_US_dealership_disputes" title="Tesla US dealership disputes">Dealership disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Tesla,_Inc." title="List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.">Lawsuits (list)</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Owen_Diaz_v._Tesla" title="Owen Diaz v. Tesla">Owen Diaz v. Tesla</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_Autopilot_crashes" title="List of Tesla Autopilot crashes">List of Tesla Autopilot crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSLAQ" title="TSLAQ">TSLAQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tesla,_Inc." title="History of Tesla, Inc.">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepScale" title="DeepScale">DeepScale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Easter_eggs_in_Tesla_products" title="List of Easter eggs in Tesla products">Easter eggs in products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giga_Press" title="Giga Press">Giga Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibar_Systems" title="Hibar Systems">Hibar Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsdale_Power_Reserve" title="Hornsdale Power Reserve">Hornsdale Power Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Technologies" title="Maxwell Technologies">Maxwell Technologies</a> (divested)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a> (merged into Tesla Energy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Automation" title="Tesla Automation">Tesla Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_battery_station" title="Tesla battery station">Tesla battery station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_Network" title="Tesla Network">Tesla Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Tesla Roadster in space</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tesla and unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zep_Solar" title="Zep Solar">Zep Solar</a> (merged into Tesla Energy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tesla,_Inc." title="Category:Tesla, Inc.">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Auto_Workers60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Auto_Workers" title="Template:United Auto Workers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Auto_Workers" title="Template talk:United Auto Workers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Auto_Workers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Auto Workers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Auto_Workers60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I.E._America_Radio_Network" title="I.E. America Radio Network">I.E. 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href="/wiki/Flint_sit-down_strike" title="Flint sit-down strike">1936–1937 Flint sit-down strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_and_die_strike_of_1939" title="Tool and die strike of 1939">1939 tools and die strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Auto_Strike" title="Chrysler Auto Strike">1939 Chrysler Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Strike_of_1945" title="Ford Strike of 1945">1945 Ford Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945%E2%80%931946_General_Motors_strike" title="1945–1946 General Motors strike">1945–1946 General Motors strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979%E2%80%931980_International_Harvester_strike" title="1979–1980 International Harvester strike">1979–1980 International Harvester strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986%E2%80%931987_John_Deere_strike" title="1986–1987 John Deere strike">1986–1987 John Deere strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_General_Motors_strike" title="2007 General Motors strike">2007 General Motors strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_General_Motors_strike" title="2019 General Motors strike">2019 General Motors strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_John_Deere_strike" title="2021 John Deere strike">2021 John Deere strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Virginia_Volvo_Trucks_strike" title="2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike">2021 Volvo strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_HarperCollins_strike" title="2022–2023 HarperCollins strike">2022–2023 HarperCollins strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" title="2023 United Auto Workers strike">2023 Ford-GM-Stellantis strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tesla and unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_and_unions" title="Volkswagen and unions">Volkswagen and unions</a></li></ul> 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