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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tt.wikipedia.org&uselang=tt"><span>Иганә итү</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BB%D2%AF&returnto=Karl+Fridrix+Gauss" title="Сезгә аккаунт ясарга һәм системага керергә киңәш итәбез, әмма бу мәҗбүри түгел."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Хисап язмасын төзү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5&returnto=Karl+Fridrix+Gauss" title="Сезгә системага керергә тәкъдим ителә, әмма бу мәҗбүри түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"11\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/18px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/24px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"459\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Проектлар\"\u003EПроектлар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2024_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2024 ел\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/5px-Kerze.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"5\" height=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/8px-Kerze.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/10px-Kerze.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"822\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2024_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2024 ел\"\u003EХәтерТактасы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/u\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Ел проекты\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/12px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/18px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/24px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1626\" data-file-height=\"1626\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Ел проекты\"\u003EЕлПроекты\u003C/a\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/12px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/18px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/24px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003EАгымдагыМарафоннар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca 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href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B\" title=\"Проект:Төбәк тематик атналыгы\"\u003EТөбәкАтналыгы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/i\u003E \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B5_2024\" title=\"Википедия:Проект:Азия ае 2024\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/20px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/30px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Эчтәлек</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">яшерү</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tärcemäi_xäle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tärcemäi_xäle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tärcemäi xäle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tärcemäi_xäle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fänni_qazanışları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fänni_qazanışları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fänni qazanışları</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fänni_qazanışları-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Отобразить/Скрыть подраздел Fänni qazanışları</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fänni_qazanışları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Algebranıñ_töp_teoreması" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algebranıñ_töp_teoreması"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Algebranıñ töp teoreması</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algebranıñ_töp_teoreması-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gauss_büleneşe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gauss_büleneşe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gauss büleneşe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gauss_büleneşe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gauss_teoreması" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gauss_teoreması"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gauss teoreması</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gauss_teoreması-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ostrogradskiy-Gauss_tigezlämäse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostrogradskiy-Gauss_tigezlämäse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ostrogradskiy-Gauss tigezlämäse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ostrogradskiy-Gauss_tigezlämäse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Äsärläre_(rusça)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Äsärläre_(rusça)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Äsärläre (rusça)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Äsärläre_(rusça)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ädäbiät" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ädäbiät"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ädäbiät</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ädäbiät-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Эчтәлек" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Отобразить/Скрыть содержание" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Отобразить/Скрыть содержание</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Fridrix Gauss</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перейти к статье на другом языке. Доступно на 154 языках" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%B5" title="ጋውስ — амхар" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጋውስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كارل فريدريش غاوس — гарәп" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل فريدريش غاوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="гарәп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جاوس — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9B" title="কাৰ্ল ফ্ৰিডৰিখ গাউছ — ассам" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাৰ্ল ফ্ৰিডৰিখ গাউছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fridrix_Qauss" title="Karl Fridrix Qauss — әзәрбайҗан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karl Fridrix Qauss" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзәрбайҗан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="یوهان فردریک قاوس — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوهان فردریک قاوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс — башкорт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкорт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karls_Fr%C4%ABdr%C4%97ks_Gausos" title="Karls Frīdrėks Gausos — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Karls Frīdrėks Gausos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Карл Фрыдрых Гаус — белорус" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карл Фрыдрых Гаус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81" title="Карл Фрыдрых Гаўс — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карл Фрыдрых Гаўс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаус — болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल फ्रेडरिक गॉस — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्ल फ्रेडरिक गॉस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — бислама" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бислама" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8" title="কার্ল ফ্রিড‌রিশ গাউস — бенгали" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্ল ফ্রিড‌রিশ গাউস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — бретон" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — босния" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Гаусс, Карл Фридрих — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гаусс, Карл Фридрих" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کارڵ فریدریش گاوس — үзәк көрд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارڵ فریدریش گاوس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="үзәк көрд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Гаусс, Карл Фридрих — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гаусс, Карл Фридрих" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — дания" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дания" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яхшы мәкаләләр"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — алман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="алман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%8D%DE%B0_%DE%8A%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A9%DE%8B%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A9%DE%9D%DE%B0_%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ކާލް ފްރީދްރީޝް ގައުސް — мальдив" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކާލް ފްރީދްރީޝް ގައުސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="мальдив" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Καρλ Φρίντριχ Γκάους — грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρλ Φρίντριχ Γκάους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яхшы мәкаләләр"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — инглиз" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="инглиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — испан" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — эстон" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کارل فریدریش گاوس — фарсы" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل فریدریش گاوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсы" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — фула" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фула" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яхшы мәкаләләр"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussi_Carl_Friedrich" title="Gaussi Carl Friedrich — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Gaussi Carl Friedrich" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — фарер" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — француз" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="高斯 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="高斯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — галисия" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קרל פרידריך גאוס — яһүд" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרל פרידריך גאוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="яһүд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल फ्रेडरिक गाउस — һинд" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्ल फ्रेडरिक गाउस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="һинд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — гаити креол" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити креол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — венгр" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Կառլ Գաուս — әрмән" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կառլ Գաուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="әрмән" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — индонезия" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — итальян" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="カール・フリードリヒ・ガウス — япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール・フリードリヒ・ガウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/karl.fridrix.gaus" title="karl.fridrix.gaus — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="karl.fridrix.gaus" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კარლ ფრიდრიხ გაუსი — грузин" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლ ფრიდრიხ გაუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fridrix_Gauss" title="Karl Fridrix Gauss — каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Karl Fridrix Gauss" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс — казакъ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакъ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೊಹಾನ್ ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಗಾಸ್ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೊಹಾನ್ ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಗಾಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="카를 프리드리히 가우스 — корея" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카를 프리드리히 가우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корея" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс — кыргыз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Fridericus_Gauss" title="Carolus Fridericus Gauss — латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Fridericus Gauss" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — люксембург" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_Fr%C4%ABdrihs_Gauss" title="Kārlis Frīdrihs Gauss — латыш" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kārlis Frīdrihs Gauss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — малагаси" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаус — македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കാൾ ഫ്രെഡറിക് ഗോസ്സ് — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൾ ഫ്രെഡറിക് ഗോസ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс — монгол" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल फ्रीदरिश गाउस — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्ल फ्रीदरिश गाउस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — мальта" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကားလ် ဖရီးဒရစ် ဂေါက် — бирма" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကားလ် ဖရီးဒရစ် ဂေါက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کارل فریدریش گاوس — мазандеранский" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کارل فریدریش گاوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеранский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल फ्राइडरिच गस — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कार्ल फ्राइडरिच गस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — голланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — ливвиковский карельский" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="ливвиковский карельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarli_Firidiriish_Gaawus" title="Kaarli Firidiriish Gaawus — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaarli Firidiriish Gaawus" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕਾਰਲ ਫ਼ਰੀਡਰਿਸ਼ ਗੌਸ — пәнҗаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਲ ਫ਼ਰੀਡਰਿਸ਼ ਗੌਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пәнҗаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B3" title="کارل فریڈرک گاؤس — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کارل فریڈرک گاؤس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کارل فریدریش ګاوس — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کارل فریدریش ګاوس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Гаусс, Карл Фридрих — рус" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гаусс, Карл Фридрих" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="рус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_%D2%90%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Карл Фрідріх Ґаус — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Карл Фрідріх Ґаус" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल फ्राइडरिक गास — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कार्ल फ्राइडरिक गास" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%9Bl_Fridiritc_Guss" title="Kaṛl Fridiritc Guss — ташельхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Kaṛl Fridiritc Guss" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташельхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="කාල් ෆ්‍රෙඩ්රික් ගවුස් — сингал" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාල් ෆ්‍රෙඩ්රික් ගවුස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — словен" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — албан" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаус — серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="கார்ல் பிரீடிரிக் காஸ் — тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்ல் பிரீடிரிக் காஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్ల్ ఫ్రెడెరిక్ గాస్ — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్ల్ ఫ్రెడెరిక్ గాస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс — таҗик" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таҗик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="คาร์ล ฟรีดริช เกาส์ — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์ล ฟรีดริช เกาส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fredrih_Gauss" title="Karl Fredrih Gauss — төрекмән" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Karl Fredrih Gauss" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="төрекмән" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — төрек" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="төрек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — тумбука" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбука" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%87%D8%B3" title="گائۇس — уйгыр" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گائۇس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгыр" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81" title="Карл Фрідріх Гаусс — украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Фрідріх Гаусс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B3" title="کارل فریڈرک گاؤس — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کارل فریڈرک گاؤس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fridrix_Gauss" title="Karl Fridrix Gauss — үзбәк" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Karl Fridrix Gauss" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="үзбәк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss_Karl_Fridrih" title="Gauss Karl Fridrih — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gauss Karl Fridrih" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81" title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс — калмыцкий" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Карл Фридрих Гаусс" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмыцкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კარლ ფრიდრიხ გაუსი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კარლ ფრიდრიხ გაუსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קארל פרידריך גאוס — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארל פרידריך גאוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яхшы мәкаләләр"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauss" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="卡爾·弗里德里希·高斯 — кытай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡爾·弗里德里希·高斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="高斯 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="高斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Carl Friedrich Gauß" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF" title="卡爾·弗里德里希·高斯 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡爾·弗里德里希·高斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6722#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка телләргә сылтамалар өстәү" class="wbc-editpage">Сылтамалар өстәү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исемара"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Fridrix_Gauss" title="Мәкаләнең эчтәлеге [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Мәкалә</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81:Karl_Fridrix_Gauss" rel="discussion" title="Төп бит турында фикер алышу [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Бәхәс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit" title="Бу битне үзгәртү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үзгәртү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit" title="Бу битнең чыгыш кодын үзгәртү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=history"><span>Тарихын карау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гомуми </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%99_%D1%8E%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/Karl_Fridrix_Gauss" title="Бирегә сылтаган барлык битләрнең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Бу биткә сылтамалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80/Karl_Fridrix_Gauss" rel="nofollow" title="Бу биттән сылтамалар бирелгән битләрдә соңгы үзгәрешләр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйләнешле үзгәрешләр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлык махсус битләр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус битләр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&oldid=900123" title="Битнең бу редакциясенә даими сылтама"><span>Даими сылтама</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=info" title="Әлеге бит турында тулырак мәгълүмат"><span>Бит турында мәгълүмат</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&id=900123&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бу биткә (чыганак буларак) ничек җибәрергә турында мәгълүмат"><span>Бу биткә (чыганакка) җибәрү</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKarl_Fridrix_Gauss"><span>Кыска URL алу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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<i>Carl Friedrich Gauß</i></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="[[:Калып:Image class names]]" style="text-align:center; padding:4pt; line-height:1.25em; text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Karl Fridrix Gauss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg/250px-Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg/375px-Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg/500px-Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span><br /><span style="">Karl Fridrix Gauss</span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.2em 0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.2em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background:#eee;">Tulı iseme</th> <td class="nickname" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle; font-size:90%;">Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.2em 0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.2em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background:#eee;">Hönäre</th> <td class="note" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle; font-size:90%;">matematik, mexanik, fizik, astronom, geodezist</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.2em 0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.2em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background:#eee;">Tuu datası</th> <td class="" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/30_aprel" class="mw-redirect" title="30 aprel">30 aprel</a> <a href="/wiki/1777" class="mw-redirect" title="1777">1777</a><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1777-04-30</span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.2em 0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.2em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background:#eee;">Tuu cire</th> <td class="" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle; font-size:90%;">Braunşweig, <a href="/wiki/Almani%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaniä">Almaniä</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.2em 0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.2em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background:#eee;">Watandaşlığı</th> <td class="label" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle; font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Almani%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaniä">Almaniä</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.2em 0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.2em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background:#eee;">Ülem datası</th> <td class="" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/23_fevral" class="mw-redirect" title="23 fevral">23 fevral</a> <a href="/wiki/1855" class="mw-redirect" title="1855">1855</a><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday">1855-02-23</span>)</span></span> (77 yäş)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.2em 0.2em; background:transparent; line-height:1.2em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background:#eee;">Ülem cire</th> <td class="" style="padding:0.2em; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle; font-size:90%;">Göttingen</td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Braunschweig_Brunswick_Gauss-Denkmal_komplett_(2006).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braunschweig_Brunswick_Gauss-Denkmal_komplett_%282006%29.JPG/270px-Braunschweig_Brunswick_Gauss-Denkmal_komplett_%282006%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braunschweig_Brunswick_Gauss-Denkmal_komplett_%282006%29.JPG/405px-Braunschweig_Brunswick_Gauss-Denkmal_komplett_%282006%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braunschweig_Brunswick_Gauss-Denkmal_komplett_%282006%29.JPG/540px-Braunschweig_Brunswick_Gauss-Denkmal_komplett_%282006%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption>Gausska häykäl, Braunşweig</figcaption></figure> <p><b>İohann Karl Fridrix Gauss</b> (<a href="/wiki/Alman%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Almança">almança</a> <i>Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß</i>; <a href="/wiki/1777" class="mw-redirect" title="1777">1777</a>-<a href="/wiki/1855" class="mw-redirect" title="1855">1855</a>, Göttingen) - alman matematigı, mexanik, fizik, astronom, geodezist. </p><p>Dönya tarixında iñ mäşhür matematiklarnıñ berse bulıp sanala. Kolli medale laureatı, Şved, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4s%C3%A4y_F%C3%A4nn%C3%A4r_Akademi%C3%A4se" class="mw-redirect" title="Räsäy Fännär Akademiäse">Rusiä Fännär Akademiäsene</a>ñ çit il äğzası. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tärcemäi_xäle"><span id="T.C3.A4rcem.C3.A4i_x.C3.A4le"></span>Tärcemäi xäle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Tärcemäi xäle» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Tärcemäi xäle»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Gaussian_curvature.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gaussian_curvature.PNG/270px-Gaussian_curvature.PNG" decoding="async" width="270" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gaussian_curvature.PNG/405px-Gaussian_curvature.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gaussian_curvature.PNG/540px-Gaussian_curvature.PNG 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Gauss käkrelege: tiskäre (giperboloid), nul' (tsilindr), uñay (sfera)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/1777" class="mw-redirect" title="1777">1777</a> yılda Gauss krestian ğailäsendä <a href="/w/index.php?title=Braun%C5%9Fweig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braunşweig (бит юк)">Braunşweig</a> hertsoglığında tuğan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1792" class="mw-redirect" title="1792">1792</a>-<a href="/wiki/1795" class="mw-redirect" title="1795">1795</a> yılda Bartels yärdämendä Kollegium Karolinum köliätendä uqığan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1795" class="mw-redirect" title="1795">1795</a>-<a href="/wiki/1798" class="mw-redirect" title="1798">1798</a> yılda Göttingen Universitetında uqıy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1798" class="mw-redirect" title="1798">1798</a> yılda Gauss üz şedevrın <b>"Arifmetik tikşerenülär"</b> kitabın yazıp beterä, <a href="/wiki/1801" class="mw-redirect" title="1801">1801</a> yılda bastırıp çığarıla. Bu kitapta "<a href="/wiki/Matematika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matematika">Matematika</a> - fännär patşası, ä sannar teoriäse - matematikanıñ patşası" - digän süzlär bar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1799" class="mw-redirect" title="1799">1799</a> yılda <b>Algebranıñ töp teoreması</b>n isbatlağan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1801" class="mw-redirect" title="1801">1801</a> yılda <a href="/wiki/Peterburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterburg">Peterburg</a> Fännär Akademiäseneñ äğzası itep saylana. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1807" class="mw-redirect" title="1807">1807</a> yılda <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> ğäskärläre Göttingen şähären basıp ala, şähärneñ watandaşlarına zur kontributsiä salına, Gauss 2000 frank tülärgä mäcbür itä. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1809" class="mw-redirect" title="1809">1809</a> yılda <b>"Küktäge cisemnärneñ xäräkät teoriäse"</b> kitabın yaza. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1811" class="mw-redirect" title="1811">1811</a>-<a href="/wiki/1812" class="mw-redirect" title="1812">1812</a> yılda kompleks sannarı häm gipergeometrik rät belän eşli. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1821" class="mw-redirect" title="1821">1821</a> yılda <b>öslek teoriäse</b> belän eşli başlıy, <b>Gauss käkrelege</b>n töşençäsen kertä, differentsial' geometriägä nigez sala. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1825" class="mw-redirect" title="1825">1825</a> yılda gauss kompleks sannarın aça. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1832" class="mw-redirect" title="1832">1832</a> yılda <b>"Bikvadrat alımnar teoriäse"</b> kitabın yaza. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1833" class="mw-redirect" title="1833">1833</a> yılda Gauss <b>elektrik telegraf</b>nı uylap çığara (Weber bergä) häm tözi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1839" class="mw-redirect" title="1839">1839</a> yılda urıs telen öyränä, <a href="/wiki/Loba%C3%A7evskiy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobaçevskiy">Lobaçevskiy</a> eşläre belän qızıqsına. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1842" class="mw-redirect" title="1842">1842</a> yılda Gauss täqdime buyınça <a href="/wiki/Loba%C3%A7evskiy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobaçevskiy">Lobaçevskiy</a> Göttingen patşa cämğiäteneñ äğza-korrespondentı itep saylana. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1839" class="mw-redirect" title="1839">1839</a> yılda Gauss <b>Potentsial teoriäse</b>n tiränten tikşerä, elektrostatikanıñ baş teoremasın "<a href="/wiki/Gauss_teoremas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauss teoreması">Gauss teoreması</a>"n isbatlıy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1855" class="mw-redirect" title="1855">1855</a> yılda Gauss Göttingen şähärendä ülgän. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fänni_qazanışları"><span id="F.C3.A4nni_qazan.C4.B1.C5.9Flar.C4.B1"></span>Fänni qazanışları</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit&section=2" title="«Fänni qazanışları» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Fänni qazanışları»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algebranıñ_töp_teoreması"><span id="Algebran.C4.B1.C3.B1_t.C3.B6p_teoremas.C4.B1"></span>Algebranıñ töp teoreması</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit&section=3" title="«Algebranıñ töp teoreması» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Algebranıñ töp teoreması»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote> <p>Härber konstanta bulmağan küpbuın (ber argument belän) belän kompleks koeffitsientlar - kompleks sannarınıñ qırında içmasam ber tamırğa iä bula. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gauss_büleneşe"><span id="Gauss_b.C3.BClene.C5.9Fe"></span>Gauss büleneşe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit&section=4" title="«Gauss büleneşe» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Gauss büleneşe»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Gauss_b%C3%BClene%C5%9Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauss büleneşe">Gauss büleneşe</a></b> yäki <b>Normal' büleneş</b> - ixtimallıq büleneşe, ber ülçäneşle oçraqta büleneş tığızlığı f(x) belän taswirlana: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)={\tfrac {1}{\sigma {\sqrt {2\pi }}}}\;e^{-{\frac {(x-\mu )^{2}}{2\sigma ^{2}}}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)={\tfrac {1}{\sigma {\sqrt {2\pi }}}}\;e^{-{\frac {(x-\mu )^{2}}{2\sigma ^{2}}}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/41deafca7b60313791d28c37b8ef07b023d0d112" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:21.593ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)={\tfrac {1}{\sigma {\sqrt {2\pi }}}}\;e^{-{\frac {(x-\mu )^{2}}{2\sigma ^{2}}}},}"></span></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Normal_distribution_pdf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Normal_distribution_pdf.png/400px-Normal_distribution_pdf.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Normal_distribution_pdf.png/600px-Normal_distribution_pdf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Normal_distribution_pdf.png/800px-Normal_distribution_pdf.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>Gauss büleneşe - yäşel sızıq </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gauss_teoreması"><span id="Gauss_teoremas.C4.B1"></span>Gauss teoreması</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit&section=5" title="«Gauss teoreması» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit&section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «Gauss teoreması»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauss_teoremas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauss teoreması">Gauss teoreması</a>: Gauss qanunı külämdäge qorğı häm Elektr qırı köçäneşlelegeneñ ağımı arasında bäyläneşen kürsätä.</li></ul> <p>SGS </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }=4\pi Q,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }=4\pi Q,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9e61fb7260737f93c170405ae91f7174bf773e44" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.231ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }=4\pi Q,}"></span></dd></dl> <p><br /> Si </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }={\frac {Q}{\varepsilon _{0}}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>Q</mi> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }={\frac {Q}{\varepsilon _{0}}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5a643d207a6781413b03afe6b146b667346d7558" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:9.872ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }={\frac {Q}{\varepsilon _{0}}},}"></span></dd></dl> <p>biredä: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }\equiv \oint \limits _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≡</mo> <munder> <mo>∮</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }\equiv \oint \limits _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/85c2c44a0c21ff9d486e72e3fd122e62a41911e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:15.046ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathbf {E} }\equiv \oint \limits _{S}\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S} }"></span> — <a href="/wiki/Elektr_q%C4%B1r%C4%B1_k%C3%B6%C3%A7%C3%A4ne%C5%9Flelege" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektr qırı köçäneşlelege">Elektr qırı köçäneşlelegene</a>ñ ağımı yomıq S öslege aşa</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}"></span> — tulı qorğı külämdä</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Differentsial' küreneş</li></ul> <p>SGS: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {E} \equiv \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} =4\pi \rho ,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>≡</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {E} \equiv \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} =4\pi \rho ,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/df5caebae4e8fe694de321a0a0d305c493163ec2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.223ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {E} \equiv \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} =4\pi \rho ,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Si: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {E} \equiv \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon _{0}}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>≡</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ρ</mi> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {E} \equiv \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon _{0}}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2c7a306a548949fb5d7d111d1e976cee6245975a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:20.501ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {E} \equiv \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon _{0}}}.}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ostrogradskiy-Gauss_tigezlämäse"><span id="Ostrogradskiy-Gauss_tigezl.C3.A4m.C3.A4se"></span>Ostrogradskiy-Gauss tigezlämäse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit&section=6" title="«Ostrogradskiy-Gauss tigezlämäse» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit&section=6" title="Редактировать код раздела «Ostrogradskiy-Gauss tigezlämäse»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostrogradskiy-Gauss_tigezl%C3%A4m%C3%A4se&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostrogradskiy-Gauss tigezlämäse (бит юк)">Ostrogradskiy-Gauss tigezlämäse</a>, vektor qırınıñ ağımı:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \iiint \limits _{V}\mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {F} \,dV=\iint \limits _{S}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\subset \!\supset \;\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathbf {n} \,dS,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∭</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∬</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mo>⊂</mo> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mo>⊃</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">n</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \iiint \limits _{V}\mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {F} \,dV=\iint \limits _{S}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\subset \!\supset \;\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathbf {n} \,dS,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b67f9c1da20a19f1f26d5b5b2f6f0130b378026" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:29.635ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \iiint \limits _{V}\mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {F} \,dV=\iint \limits _{S}\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\subset \!\supset \;\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathbf {n} \,dS,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>yä </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int \limits _{V}\mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {F} \,dV=\int \limits _{\partial V}\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {\Sigma } .}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">Σ</mi> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int \limits _{V}\mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {F} \,dV=\int \limits _{\partial V}\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {\Sigma } .}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/533b829f69ecd8309f59c3d36b8dd303fcca14a9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.171ex; margin-left: -0.035ex; width:24.078ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int \limits _{V}\mathrm {div} \,\mathbf {F} \,dV=\int \limits _{\partial V}\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {\Sigma } .}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Öç ülçäneşle fäzada <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (n=3)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (n=3)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5bf907d825d0024e917b2b45769e1727886afdb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.465ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (n=3)}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{x,y,z\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{x,y,z\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87c4fef0d3ac75471707c57a9e2e624d80666de6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.966ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{x,y,z\}}"></span> : </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int \limits _{\partial V}\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {\Sigma } =\int \limits _{V}\left({\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial Q}{\partial y}}+{\frac {\partial R}{\partial z}}\right)\,dV}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">F</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">Σ</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int \limits _{\partial V}\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {\Sigma } =\int \limits _{V}\left({\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial Q}{\partial y}}+{\frac {\partial R}{\partial z}}\right)\,dV}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/796c725e2f1364b76bb30192af02b12c4fbf63ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.171ex; margin-left: -0.516ex; width:39.976ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int \limits _{\partial V}\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {\Sigma } =\int \limits _{V}\left({\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial Q}{\partial y}}+{\frac {\partial R}{\partial z}}\right)\,dV}"></span></dd></dl> <p>yäki </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \iint \limits _{\partial V}P\,dy\,dz+Q\,dz\,dx+R\,dx\,dy=\iiint \limits _{V}\left({\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial Q}{\partial y}}+{\frac {\partial R}{\partial z}}\right)\,dx\,dy\,dz.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∬</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mi>P</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∭</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \iint \limits _{\partial V}P\,dy\,dz+Q\,dz\,dx+R\,dx\,dy=\iiint \limits _{V}\left({\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial Q}{\partial y}}+{\frac {\partial R}{\partial z}}\right)\,dx\,dy\,dz.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3dc17384840bcb9d6753fabb429b2dd96e27313b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.171ex; width:70.014ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \iint \limits _{\partial V}P\,dy\,dz+Q\,dz\,dx+R\,dx\,dy=\iiint \limits _{V}\left({\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial Q}{\partial y}}+{\frac {\partial R}{\partial z}}\right)\,dx\,dy\,dz.}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Äsärläre_(rusça)"><span id=".C3.84s.C3.A4rl.C3.A4re_.28rus.C3.A7a.29"></span>Äsärläre (rusça)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit&section=7" title="«Äsärläre (rusça)» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit&section=7" title="Редактировать код раздела «Äsärläre (rusça)»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Гаусс К. Ф. Избранные геодезические сочинения. Т. 1. — М.: Геодезиздат, 1957.</li> <li>Гаусс К. Ф. Исследования по оптике. — НИЦ «Регулярная и хаотическая динамика», 2011. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9785939728713" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-5-93972-871-3</a>.</li> <li>Гаусс К. Ф. Общие исследования о кривых поверхностях // Основания геометрии (сб.). — М.: ГИТТЛ, 1956.</li> <li>Гаусс К. Ф. Отрывки из писем и черновиков, относящиеся к неевклидовой геометрии. // Основания геометрии (сб.). — М.: ГИТТЛ, 1956.</li> <li>Гаусс К. Ф. Пояснение возможности построения семнадцатиугольника // Историко-математические исследования. — М.: Наука, 1976. — № 21. — С. 285—291.</li> <li>Гаусс К. Ф. Труды по теории чисел. Перевод Б. Б. Демьянова, общая редакция И. М. Виноградова, комментарии Б. Н. Делоне. — М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1959.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ädäbiät"><span id=".C3.84d.C3.A4bi.C3.A4t"></span>Ädäbiät</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&veaction=edit&section=8" title="«Ädäbiät» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&action=edit&section=8" title="Редактировать код раздела «Ädäbiät»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Белл Э. Т. Творцы математики. — М.: Просвещение, 1979. — 256 с.</li> <li>Боголюбов А. Н. Математики. Механики. Биографический справочник. — Киев: Наукова думка, 1983. — 639 с.</li> <li>Бюлер В. Гаусс. Биографическое исследование. — М.: Наука, 1989. — 208 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/502013919X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-013919-X</a>.</li> <li>Гаусс К. Ф.: Сб. статей под ред. И. М. Виноградова (к 100-летию со дня смерти). — М.: АН СССР, 1956. — 312 с.</li> <li>Гиндикин С. Г. Рассказы о физиках и математиках. 3-е изд. — М.: МЦНМО, 2001. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5900916839" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-900916-83-9</a>.</li> <li>Голубев Ю. Ф. Основы теоретической механики. — М.: Изд-во МГУ, 2000. — 719 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5211042441" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-211-04244-1</a>.</li> <li>Колмогоров А. Н., Юшкевич А. П. (ред.) Математика XIX века. Т. 1. Математическая логика. Алгебра. Теория чисел. Теория вероятностей. — М.: Наука, 1978.</li> <li>Колмогоров А. Н., Юшкевич А. П. (ред.) Математика XIX века. Т. 2. Геометрия. Теория аналитических функций. — М.: Наука, 1981.</li> <li>Маркеев А. П. Теоретическая механика. — М.: Наука, 1990. — 416 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5020140163" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-014016-3</a>.</li> <li>Моисеев Н. Д. Очерки истории развития механики. — М.: Изд-во Моск. ун-та, 1961. — 478 с.</li> <li>Тюлина И. А. История и методология механики. — М.: Изд-во Моск. ун-та, 1979. — 282 с.</li> <li>Храмов Ю. А. Физики. Биографический справочник. — М.: Наука, 1983. — 400 с.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Чыганак — <a dir="ltr" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&oldid=900123">https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Fridrix_Gauss&oldid=900123</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Махсус:Төркемнәр">Төркемнәр</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%88%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төркем:Әлифба буенча шәхесләр">Әлифба буенча шәхесләр</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:30_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:30 апрель көнне туганнар">30 апрель көнне туганнар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:1777_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:1777 елда туганнар">1777 елда туганнар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:23_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:23 февраль көнне вафатлар">23 февраль көнне вафатлар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:1855_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:1855 елда вафатлар">1855 елда вафатлар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:Уйлап табучылар">Уйлап табучылар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Төркем:Алмания математиклары">Алмания математиклары</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Төркем:Алмания физиклары">Алмания физиклары</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Яшерен төркем: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B_ISBN_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төркем:Тылсымлы ISBN сылтамаларын кулланучы битләр">Тылсымлы ISBN сылтамаларын кулланучы битләр</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бу бит соңгы тапкыр 30 апр 2014 көнендә 12:15 вакытында үзгәртелде.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ru">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a> лицензиясе буенча бирелә, аерым очракларда өстәмә шартлар булырга мөмкин. 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