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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_formacion_de_la_Rus'_de_Kyiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_formacion_de_la_Rus'_de_Kyiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>La formacion de la Rus' de Kyiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_formacion_de_la_Rus'_de_Kyiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'expansion_de_la_Rus'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'expansion_de_la_Rus'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>L'expansion de la Rus'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'expansion_de_la_Rus'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'apogèu_de_la_Rus'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'apogèu_de_la_Rus'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>L'apogèu de la Rus'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'apogèu_de_la_Rus'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_declin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_declin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Lo declin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_declin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_fragmentacion_e_la_disparicion_de_la_Rus'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_fragmentacion_e_la_disparicion_de_la_Rus'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>La fragmentacion e la disparicion de la Rus'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_fragmentacion_e_la_disparicion_de_la_Rus'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_religiosa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_politica_e_religiosa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organizacion politica e religiosa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_religiosa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Organizacion politica e religiosa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_religiosa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizacion_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Organizacion politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eiretatge_e_garrolha_istoriografica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eiretatge_e_garrolha_istoriografica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eiretatge e garrolha istoriografica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eiretatge_e_garrolha_istoriografica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Annèxas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rus' de Kyiv</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 87 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Киевтәи Урыстәыла - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Киевтәи Урыстәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%ABf-Roes" title="Kiëf-Roes - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kiëf-Roes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiewer_Rus" title="Kiewer Rus - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kiewer Rus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A6nugeardisc_Rus" title="Cænugeardisc Rus - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cænugeardisc Rus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كييف روس - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كييف روس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_de_Kiev" title="Rus de Kiev - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rus de Kiev" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyev_Rus_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99ti" title="Kiyev Rus dövləti - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kiyev Rus dövləti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Киев Русе - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Киев Русе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijeva_Ros%C4%97" title="Kijeva Rosė - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kijeva Rosė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кіеўская Русь - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіеўская Русь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кіеўская Русь - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіеўская Русь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Киевска Рус - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киевска Рус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rous_Kyiv" title="Rous Kyiv - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rous Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevska_Rusija" title="Kijevska Rusija - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kijevska Rusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Киевэй Русь - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Киевэй Русь" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_de_K%C3%ADev" title="Rus de Kíev - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rus de Kíev" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8E%DA%A4_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کیێڤ ڕووس - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیێڤ ڕووس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus" title="Kyjevská Rus - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyjevská Rus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D3%B3_%D0%A0%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Кейӳ Руçĕ - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кейӳ Руçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rws_Kyiv" title="Rws Kyiv - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rws Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevriget" title="Kijevriget - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kijevriget" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiewer_Rus" title="Kiewer Rus - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kiewer Rus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ρωσία του Κιέβου - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσία του Κιέβου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus' - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kievan Rus'" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieva_Regno" title="Kieva Regno - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kieva Regno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_de_Kiev" title="Rus de Kiev - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rus de Kiev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiievi-Vene" title="Kiievi-Vene - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiievi-Vene" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieveko_Rusa" title="Kieveko Rusa - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kieveko Rusa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%81" title="روس کی‌یف - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روس کی‌یف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiovan_Rus" title="Kiovan Rus - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiovan Rus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" title="Rus' de Kiev - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rus' de Kiev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_de_K%C3%ADiv" title="Rus de Kíiv - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rus de Kíiv" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91" title="רוס של קייב - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוס של קייב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="कीवयाई रूस - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कीवयाई रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevska_Rus%27" title="Kijevska Rus' - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kijevska Rus'" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevi_Rusz" title="Kijevi Rusz - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kijevi Rusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D6%87%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կիևյան Ռուսիա - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիևյան Ռուսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_Kiev" title="Rus Kiev - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rus Kiev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyiva_Rus" title="Kiyiva Rus - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kiyiva Rus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_di_Kiev" title="Rus' di Kiev - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rus' di Kiev" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A8%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7" title="キエフ・ルーシ - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キエフ・ルーシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_Kiev" title="Rus Kiev - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rus Kiev" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="კიევის რუსეთი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიევის რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96" title="Киев Русі - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Киев Русі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%ED%94%84_%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="키예프 루스 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키예프 루스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кыйив Русь - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кыйив Русь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Киев орус мамлекети - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Киев орус мамлекети" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Kioviensis" title="Russia Kioviensis - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Russia Kioviensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevo_Rusia" title="Kijevo Rusia - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kijevo Rusia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijivas_Kr%C4%ABviszeme" title="Kijivas Krīviszeme - latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kijivas Krīviszeme" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijivas_Krievzeme" title="Kijivas Krievzeme - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kijivas Krievzeme" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кунардонь руссь - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кунардонь руссь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Киевски Рус - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киевски Рус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Киевийн Русь - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Киевийн Русь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="क्यीवन रुस - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्यीवन रुस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_Kiev" title="Rus' Kiev - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rus' Kiev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievse_Rijk" title="Kievse Rijk - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kievse Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyivriket" title="Kyivriket - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kyivriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievriket" title="Kievriket - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kievriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕੀਵੀਆਈ ਰੁਸ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੀਵੀਆਈ ਰੁਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%9B_Kijowska" title="Ruś Kijowska - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruś Kijowska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کیویائی روس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیویائی روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia_de_Kiev" title="Rússia de Kiev - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rússia de Kiev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia_Kievean%C4%83" title="Rusia Kieveană - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rusia Kieveană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Киевская Русь - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киевская Русь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кієвска Русь - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кієвска Русь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus' - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kievan Rus'" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevska_Rusija" title="Kijevska Rusija - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kijevska Rusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus' - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kievan Rus'" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus" title="Kyjevská Rus - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyjevská Rus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevska_Rusija" title="Kijevska Rusija - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kijevska Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi_i_Kievit" title="Rusi i Kievit - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rusi i Kievit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кијевска Русија - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кијевска Русија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievrus" title="Kievrus - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kievrus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="கீவ ருஸ் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கீவ ருஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9F" title="จักรวรรดิรุสเคียฟ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิรุสเคียฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev_Knezli%C4%9Fi" title="Kiev Knezliği - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kiev Knezliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Киев Русе - 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/60px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigit dempuèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kiev&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus' de Kiev">Rus' de Kiev</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png/250px-Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png/330px-Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png/440px-Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Extension e division de la Rus' de Kyiv vèrs <a href="/wiki/1054" class="mw-redirect" title="1054">1054</a>-<a href="/wiki/1132" class="mw-redirect" title="1132">1132</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>Rus' de Kyiv</b> (var. <b>Rus' de Kiev</b>) es lo premier <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a> deis <a href="/wiki/Eslaus" title="Eslaus">Eslaus Orientaus</a>. Centrat a l'entorn de <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, se desvolopèt principalament dins la vau mejana de <a href="/wiki/Dni%C3%A8pre" title="Dnièpre">Dnièpre</a> mai s'estendiguèt vèrs lo <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd" title="Nòrd">nòrd</a> fins a la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Blanca" title="Mar Blanca">Mar Blanca</a> e vèrs lo <a href="/wiki/Sud" title="Sud">sud</a> fins a la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra">Mar Negra</a>. Sa formacion aguèt luòc au <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IX" title="Sègle IX">sègle IX</a>. Es originala car impliquèt una <a href="/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia">dinastia</a> exteriora d'origina <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">escandinava</a>. Ai <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_X" title="Sègle X">sègles X</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI" title="Sègle XI">XI</a>, la Rus' èra un <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a> poderós aliat a l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a> e ben integrat ai rets <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8rci" title="Comèrci">comerciaus</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">Escandinàvia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a>. Au <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XII" title="Sègle XII">sègle XII</a>, la Rus' se fragmentèt en principats rivaus mai gardèt una unitat <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> nominala. Sa desintegracion finala se debanèt au <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIII" title="Sègle XIII">sègle XIII</a> e s'acabèt amb la conquista de la màger part principats de la Rus' per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mong%C3%B2l" title="Empèri Mongòl">Mongòls</a> en <a href="/wiki/1236" class="mw-redirect" title="1236">1236</a>-<a href="/wiki/1240" class="mw-redirect" title="1240">1240</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Istòria"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_formacion_de_la_Rus'_de_Kyiv"><span id="La_formacion_de_la_Rus.27_de_Kyiv"></span>La formacion de la Rus' de Kyiv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : La formacion de la Rus' de Kyiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La formacion de la Rus' de Kyiv"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Oleg_tsargrad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Oleg_tsargrad.jpg/220px-Oleg_tsargrad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Oleg_tsargrad.jpg/330px-Oleg_tsargrad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Oleg_tsargrad.jpg/440px-Oleg_tsargrad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2353" data-file-height="1377" /></a><figcaption>Representacion <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantina</a> de l'ataca d'<a href="/wiki/Oleg_lo_Savi" title="Oleg lo Savi">Oleg lo Savi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La formacion de la Rus' de Kyiv es un procès mau conegut que se debanèt durant lo <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IX" title="Sègle IX">sègle IX</a>. Segon la <a href="/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda">legenda</a> contada dins la <i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B2nica_dei_temps_passats" title="Crònica dei temps passats">Crònica dei temps passats</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, en <a href="/wiki/859" class="mw-redirect" title="859">859</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Trib%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tribü">tribüs</a> <a href="/wiki/Eslaus" title="Eslaus">eslavas</a> de la region demandèron ais <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">Escandinaus</a> de mandar de caps per fondar de principats e lei dirigir. Tres <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fraire (la pagina non existís pas)">fraires</a> acceptèron la demanda (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rurik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rurik (la pagina non existís pas)">Rurik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sineus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sineus (la pagina non existís pas)">Sineus</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Truvor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truvor (la pagina non existís pas)">Truvor</a>) e s'establiguèron a <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2vgorod" title="Nòvgorod">Nòvgorod</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belozersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belozersk (la pagina non existís pas)">Belozersk</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izborsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izborsk (la pagina non existís pas)">Izborsk</a>. Pasmens, rapidament, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sineus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sineus (la pagina non existís pas)">Sineus</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Truvor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truvor (la pagina non existís pas)">Truvor</a> moriguèron e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rurik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rurik (la pagina non existís pas)">Rurik</a> demorèt lo solet cap de la region. Mandèt </p><p>Pasmens, leis <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorians</a> modèrnes considèran lei fachs contats dins la <i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B2nica_dei_temps_passats" title="Crònica dei temps passats">Crònica</a></i> coma semilegendaris<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dins lei fachs, un procès d'unificacion de tribüs <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eslavas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eslavas (la pagina non existís pas)">eslavas</a> e de populacions balticas e finesas, sota la direccion d'una <a href="/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia">dinastia</a> d'origina <a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">vikinga</a>, se debanèt entre <a href="/wiki/850" class="mw-redirect" title="850">850</a> e <a href="/wiki/950" class="mw-redirect" title="950">950</a>. Lo ròtle dei guerriers e marchands <a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">vikings</a>, dichs « Varegs », dins aqueu procès es pauc clar. Son benlèu a l'origina de la formacion deis <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estats</a> ò son benlèu venguts lei caps de societats ja estructuradas. </p><p>Lo rèine d'<a href="/wiki/Oleg_lo_Savi" title="Oleg lo Savi">Oleg lo Savi</a> (<a href="/wiki/879" class="mw-redirect" title="879">879</a>-<a href="/wiki/912" class="mw-redirect" title="912">912</a>) marca una etapa decisiva dins la formacion de la Rus'. En <a href="/wiki/882" class="mw-redirect" title="882">882</a>, installèt sa <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>. Conquistèt tanben <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" class="mw-redirect" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>. En <a href="/wiki/907" class="mw-redirect" title="907">907</a>, ataquèt <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a> que foguèt suspresa per l'importància de sa flòta. Lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a> resistiguèron amb dificultat e preferiguèron donc negociar. Aquò menèt a la signatura d'un tractat de <a href="/wiki/Patz" title="Patz">patz</a> en <a href="/wiki/911" class="mw-redirect" title="911">911</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lei Varegs obtenguèron lo drech de comerçar liurament amb l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri</a>. Poguèron tanben s'engatjar coma <a href="/wiki/Mercenari" title="Mercenari">mercenaris</a> dins l'armada bizantina ont una unitat varega d'elèit, la <a href="/wiki/Garda_varega" title="Garda varega">garda varega</a>, venguèt la <a href="/wiki/Garda_personala" title="Garda personala">garda personala</a> de l'emperaire<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'expansion_de_la_Rus'"><span id="L.27expansion_de_la_Rus.27"></span>L'expansion de la Rus'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : L'expansion de la Rus'" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: L'expansion de la Rus'"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La premiera partida de l'istòria de la Rus' es constituïda per lei rèines d'<a href="/wiki/Oleg_lo_Savi" title="Oleg lo Savi">Oleg lo Savi</a> (<a href="/wiki/879" class="mw-redirect" title="879">879</a>-<a href="/wiki/912" class="mw-redirect" title="912">912</a>), d'<a href="/wiki/Igor_de_Kiev" title="Igor de Kiev">Igor de Kiev</a> (<a href="/wiki/913" class="mw-redirect" title="913">913</a>-<a href="/wiki/945" class="mw-redirect" title="945">945</a>) e de <a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_I%C3%A8r" title="Sviatoslav Ièr">Sviatoslav I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="/wiki/962" class="mw-redirect" title="962">962</a>-<a href="/wiki/972" class="mw-redirect" title="972">972</a>) e la <a href="/wiki/Reg%C3%A9ncia" title="Regéncia">regéncia</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Olga_de_Kiev" title="Olga de Kiev">Olga de Kiev</a> (<a href="/wiki/945" class="mw-redirect" title="945">945</a>-<a href="/wiki/962" class="mw-redirect" title="962">962</a>). Dotats d'una armada eficaça, lei senhors de Kyiv èran capables d'impausar de <a href="/wiki/Tribut" title="Tribut">tributs</a> ai <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2ble" title="Pòble">pòbles</a> vesins. Reprimiguèron tanben durament lei temptativas de revòuta ò de secession de sei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vassalitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vassalitat (la pagina non existís pas)">vassaus</a>. En parallèl, la difusion progressiva dau <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> favorizèt lo mantenement de l'aliança amb <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a>. </p><p>Pasmens, la fònt principala de revenguts èra lo comèrci que beneficiava d'una proteccion exercida per la <i>drujina</i>, l'armada personala dei senhors de Kyiv. Aquò permetèt l'extension dei rets marchands dins doas direccions. Vèrs l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88st" title="Èst">èst</a>, de cambis se desvolopèron amb de marchands <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">arabis</a> gràcias ai contactes establits amb lo <a href="/wiki/Khanat_Bulgar_de_V%C3%B2lga" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanat Bulgar de Vòlga">Khanat Bulgar de Vòlga</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Cazars" title="Cazars">Cazars</a>. Vèrs lo <a href="/wiki/Sud" title="Sud">sud</a>, lo partenariat <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8rci" title="Comèrci">comerciau</a> amb <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Bizanci</a> foguèt renforçat per de tractats concluts en <a href="/wiki/945" class="mw-redirect" title="945">945</a> e en <a href="/wiki/971" class="mw-redirect" title="971">971</a>. Aquò favorizèt lo desvolopament dei <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vilas</a>, basa dau poder princier, gràcias a la creissença de l'<a href="/wiki/Artesanat" title="Artesanat">artesanat</a>. </p><p>Militarament, aqueu renforçament de la poissança <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economica</a> de <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> aguèt de consequéncias sus l'expansionisme dei princes. En particular, <a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_I%C3%A8r" title="Sviatoslav Ièr">Sviatoslav I<sup>èr</sup></a> infligiguèt una desfacha ai <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgars</a> en <a href="/wiki/965" class="mw-redirect" title="965">965</a>. Puei, après una victòria novèla, vassalizèt lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas" title="Empèris nomadas">nomadas</a> <a href="/wiki/Cazars" title="Cazars">cazars</a> en <a href="/wiki/969" class="mw-redirect" title="969">969</a>. Durant son rèine, enregistrèt tanben de succès còntra leis <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Khanat_Bulgar_de_V%C3%B2lga" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanat Bulgar de Vòlga">Bulgars de Vòlga</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'apogèu_de_la_Rus'"><span id="L.27apog.C3.A8u_de_la_Rus.27"></span>L'apogèu de la Rus'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : L'apogèu de la Rus'" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: L'apogèu de la Rus'"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'apogèu de la Rus' correspònd ai rèines de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_lo_Grand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir lo Grand (la pagina non existís pas)">Vladimir lo Grand</a> (<a href="/wiki/980" class="mw-redirect" title="980">980</a>-<a href="/wiki/1015" class="mw-redirect" title="1015">1015</a>) e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaroslav_lo_Savi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iaroslav lo Savi (la pagina non existís pas)">Iaroslav lo Savi</a> (<a href="/wiki/1019" class="mw-redirect" title="1019">1019</a>-<a href="/wiki/1054" class="mw-redirect" title="1054">1054</a>). Durant la premiera partida dau rèine dau premier, realizèt de conquistas en <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> e en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia_Blanca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russia Blanca (la pagina non existís pas)">Russia Blanca</a> (<a href="/wiki/981" class="mw-redirect" title="981">981</a>-<a href="/wiki/983" class="mw-redirect" title="983">983</a>) e intrèt en guèrra còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgars</a> per ajudar l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a> (<a href="/wiki/985" class="mw-redirect" title="985">985</a>-<a href="/wiki/986" class="mw-redirect" title="986">986</a>). Puei, en <a href="/wiki/988" class="mw-redirect" title="988">988</a>, se maridèt amb <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_Porfirogen%C3%A8ta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ana Porfirogenèta (la pagina non existís pas)">Ana Porfirogenèta</a>, la sòrre de l'emperaire <a href="/wiki/Basili_II_lo_Bulgaroct%C3%B2n" title="Basili II lo Bulgaroctòn">Basili II</a> (<a href="/wiki/976" class="mw-redirect" title="976">976</a>-<a href="/wiki/1025" class="mw-redirect" title="1025">1025</a>). Aquò entraïnèt sa conversion au <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> e, per extension, aqueu de la màger part de sa <a href="/wiki/Noblesa" title="Noblesa">noblesa</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Inicialament luòctenent de son paire a <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2vgorod" title="Nòvgorod">Nòvgorod</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaroslav_lo_Savi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iaroslav lo Savi (la pagina non existís pas)">Iaroslav lo Savi</a> dirigiguèt plusors campanhas vèrs lei regions balticas. En <a href="/wiki/1036" class="mw-redirect" title="1036">1036</a>, bateguèt lei <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a>, un important pòble <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas" title="Empèris nomadas">nomada</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A8pa" title="Estèpa">estèpa</a>. Puei, menèt una <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> de <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">colonizacion</a> de la riba drecha de <a href="/wiki/Dni%C3%A8pre" title="Dnièpre">Dnièpre</a>. En revènge, ataquèt sensa succès <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a> en <a href="/wiki/1043" class="mw-redirect" title="1043">1043</a>. Au sen de la Rus', foguèt l'autor d'un important trabalh <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religiós</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturau</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lei" title="Lei">legislatiu</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Catedrala_de_Santa_Sofia_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Catedrala de Santa Sofia de Kiev">catedrala de Santa Sofia de Kiev</a> es un dei simbòls d'aquela <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a>. A sa <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> èra vengut un important centre intellectuau <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_declin">Lo declin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo declin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Lo declin"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après la disparicion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaroslav_lo_Savi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iaroslav lo Savi (la pagina non existís pas)">Iaroslav lo Savi</a>, de conflictes de succession opausèron sei fius e sei felens. En mai d'aquò, a partir deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1050" class="mw-redirect" title="Ans 1050">ans 1050</a>, una menaça <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas" title="Empèris nomadas">nomada</a> novèla, lei <a href="/wiki/Comans" title="Comans">Comans</a>, apareguèt dins l'<a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A8pa" title="Estèpa">estèpa</a> meridionala. D'aqueu temps, la Rus' èra constituït d'un desenau de principats. Lei mens importants èran dirigits per de dinastias localas mai lo còr de la Rus' demorèt sota lo contraròtle de la dinastia rurikida. Pasmens, militarament afeblits, lei Grands Princes poguèron pas s'opausar ais incursions nomadas d'un biais eficaç. Aquò entraïnèt lo declin progressiu dei comunautats ruralas que formava la basa de l'<a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a>. En plaça, lei païsans liures dispareguèron e foguèron remplaçats per de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8rv" title="Sèrv">sèrvs</a>. Au sen de l'<a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a>, lo poder dei grands proprietaris terrencs, dichs « <a href="/wiki/Boiar" title="Boiar">boiars</a> », se renforcèt. </p><p>Leis atacas dei <a href="/wiki/Comans" title="Comans">Comans</a> roïnèron lei regions de <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pere%C3%AFaslav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pereïaslav (la pagina non existís pas)">Pereïaslav</a>. Tròp menaçats, leis abitants leis abandonèron e anèron s'installar a l'oèst en <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia">Galícia</a> ò au nòrd-èst. L'inseguretat creissenta entraïnèt tanben un declin dau <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8rci" title="Comèrci">comèrci</a>. Lo declin dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_abbassida" title="Califat abbassida">Califat Abbassida</a> e lo desvolopament dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comptador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comptador (la pagina non existís pas)">comptadors</a> <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italians</a> au <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra">Mar Negra</a> agravèron aquela crisi economica. Ansin, pauc a pauc, Kiev perdiguèt son ròtle d'intermediari dins lo comèrci entre l'Orient, l'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Occidentala" title="Euròpa Occidentala">Euròpa Occidentala</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a>. </p><p>Pasmens, aqueu declin foguèt brèvament inversat durant lo rèine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Monomaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Monomaca (la pagina non existís pas)">Vladimir Monomaca</a> (<a href="/wiki/1113" class="mw-redirect" title="1113">1113</a>-<a href="/wiki/1125" class="mw-redirect" title="1125">1125</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sobeiran energic, tornèt afiermar lo poder dei Grands Princes sus l'ensemble dei principats de la Rus'. De mai, ataquèt lei <a href="/wiki/Comans" title="Comans">Comans</a> e obtenguèt plusors victòrias que permetèt d'arrestar leis incursions nomadas fins a sa <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a>. Menèt tanben de campanhas victoriosas en <a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A0ndia" title="Finlàndia">Finlàndia</a> e redigiguèt una <i>Instruccion</i> qu'es una dei premiereis òbras de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_russa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura russa (la pagina non existís pas)">literatura russa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_fragmentacion_e_la_disparicion_de_la_Rus'"><span id="La_fragmentacion_e_la_disparicion_de_la_Rus.27"></span>La fragmentacion e la disparicion de la Rus'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : La fragmentacion e la disparicion de la Rus'" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La fragmentacion e la disparicion de la Rus'"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après lo rèine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Monomaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Monomaca (la pagina non existís pas)">Vladimir Monomaca</a>, sei fius li succediguèron fins a <a href="/wiki/1154" class="mw-redirect" title="1154">1154</a>. Pasmens, deguèron faciar de problemas mai e mai grèus en causa de la resurgéncia deis atacas <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas" title="Empèris nomadas">nomadas</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a> creissenta dei nobles. A partir deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1150" class="mw-redirect" title="Ans 1150">ans 1150</a>, la Rus' se fragmentèt definitivament e lei principats principaus venguèron independents : <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principat_de_Galicia%E2%80%93Vol%C3%ADnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principat de Galicia–Volínia (la pagina non existís pas)">Galícia–Volínia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pere%C3%AFaslav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pereïaslav (la pagina non existís pas)">Pereïaslav</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B2vgorod-Severski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nòvgorod-Severski (la pagina non existís pas)">Nòvgorod-Severski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polotsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polotsk (la pagina non existís pas)">Polotsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" class="mw-redirect" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2vgorod" title="Nòvgorod">Nòvgorod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riazan" title="Riazan">Riazan</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir-Sozdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir-Sozdal (la pagina non existís pas)">Vladimir-Sozdal</a>. Kiev gardèt inicialament una autoritat nominala mai, en <a href="/wiki/1203" class="mw-redirect" title="1203">1203</a>, foguèt pilhada durant una guèrra de succession. L'eiretatge <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estatau</a> de la Rus' de Kiev foguèt finalament conservat en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principat_de_Galicia%E2%80%93Vol%C3%ADnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principat de Galicia–Volínia (la pagina non existís pas)">Galícia–Volínia</a> e dins la vila de Vladimir. </p><p>Leis invasions mongòlas son generalament consideradas coma la fin de la Rus' car la màger part dei principats foguèron destruchas ò somesas entre <a href="/wiki/1236" class="mw-redirect" title="1236">1236</a> e <a href="/wiki/1240" class="mw-redirect" title="1240">1240</a>. Pasmens, lo principat de <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia">Galícia</a> subrevisquèt. Foguèt pauc a pauc conquistada per <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> e dispareguèt en <a href="/wiki/1352" class="mw-redirect" title="1352">1352</a>. Pus au nòrd, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_de_N%C3%B2vgorod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica de Nòvgorod (la pagina non existís pas)">Republica de Nòvgorod</a> gardèt una certana autonòmia car foguèt pas dirèctament envaïda per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mong%C3%B2l" title="Empèri Mongòl">Mongòls</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizacion_politica_e_religiosa">Organizacion politica e religiosa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion politica e religiosa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Organizacion politica e religiosa"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizacion_politica">Organizacion politica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Organizacion politica"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avans la fragmentacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>, lo poder èra tengut per lo Grand Prince de Kiev e, pus generalament, per la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_rurikida" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia rurikida">dinastia rurikida</a>. D'efiech, un sistèma de succession originau permetiá a la dinastia de gardar lo contraròtle dei principats importants. Per aquò, èra organizat un sistèma de rotacion dei pretendents au tròne que cambiavan regularament de fèu en foncion de l'evolucion de la ierarquia dei successors dau Grand Prince. Ansin, au començament de sa « carriera », un prince rurikida èra nomat a la tèsta d'un principat alunchat. Puei, abandonava son fèu au profiech d'un autre pus important ò pus pròche de la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a>. A la cima dau sistèma, lo Grand Prince èra lo cap deis armadas, lo cap de la justícia e lo cap de l'<a href="/wiki/Administracion" title="Administracion">administracion</a>. </p><p>Lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boiard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boiard (la pagina non existís pas)">boiards</a> avián inicialament ges de poder e èran totalament somés a la volontat dau Grand Prince. Dins aquò, lor poder aumentèt pauc a pauc e venguèron conselhiers dei princes. Existiá tanben una assemblada d'òmes liures, dicha « vetchéc ». Son ròtle es pas ben conegut e es benlèu una institucion eslava que subrevisquèt a l'arribada dei Varegs. Segon lei periòdes, un <i>vetchéc</i> podiá aver un poder important e s'opausar ai princes, compres au Grand Prince. Per exemple, en <a href="/wiki/1136" class="mw-redirect" title="1136">1136</a>, lo <i>vetchéc</i> de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2vgorod" title="Nòvgorod">Nòvgorod</a> obtenguèt l'expulsion dau prince designat per dirigir la vila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Religion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A sa creacion, la Rus' èra dominada per un <a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">paganisme</a> fondat sus lei <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a" title="Fòrça">fòrças</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Natura" title="Natura">natura</a> e sus un culte deis <a href="/wiki/Esperit" title="Esperit">esperits</a>. Leis influéncias escandinavas èran importantas coma o mòstra l'existéncia dau <a href="/wiki/Dieu" title="Dieu">dieu</a> Perun, una divinitat dau tròn e de l'ulhauç qu'es fòrça similar a <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B2r" title="Tòr">Tòr</a>. L'existéncia d'un <a href="/wiki/Clergat" title="Clergat">clergat</a> organizat es pauc probabla. La preséncia dau <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> (de rite bizantin) es atestada tre la premiera partida dau <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_X" title="Sègle X">sègle X</a>. Pasmens, la cristianizacion vertadiera comencèt a la fin dau sègle X durant lo rèine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_lo_Grand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir lo Grand (la pagina non existís pas)">Vladimir lo Grand</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">grèga</a> foguèt pas contestada mai lo cristianisme de la Rus' desvolopèt de trachs originaus dins l'<a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> religiós e dins la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canonizacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canonizacion (la pagina non existís pas)">canonizacion</a> dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sant_(cristianisme)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sant (cristianisme) (la pagina non existís pas)">sants</a>. </p><p>La Glèisa de la Rus' venguèt rapidament una poissança terrenc e economica importanta gràcias a l'estenduda de sei proprietats. Aguèt tanben una influéncia importanta sus la <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">medecina</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Educacion" title="Educacion">educacion</a> e sus la <a href="/wiki/Morala" title="Morala">morala</a>. Pasmens, en despiech d'aquela fòrça, lo caractèr <a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">pagan</a> de la Rus' demorèt lòngtemps en plaça dins lei campanhas. Coma dins d'autrei regions europèas, lo <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> s'impausèt en integrant lei crèires ancians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Economia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Grivny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Grivny.jpg/250px-Grivny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Grivny.jpg/330px-Grivny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Grivny.jpg/500px-Grivny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2767" data-file-height="1674" /></a><figcaption>Tesaur de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grivna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grivna (la pagina non existís pas)">grivna</a></i> dau <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIII" title="Sègle XIII">sègle XIII</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'economia de la Rus' èra basada sus lo <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8rci" title="Comèrci">comèrci</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">Escandinàvia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a>. L'elèit de la Rus' èra principalament marchand. Lei bens <a href="/wiki/Exportacion" title="Exportacion">exportats</a> èran d'<a href="/wiki/Esclavatge" title="Esclavatge">esclaus</a>, de produchs de la <a href="/wiki/Selva" class="mw-redirect" title="Selva">seuva</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Pelissa" title="Pelissa">pelissas</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Bovin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovin">bovins</a> e de produchs <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricòlas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ciera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciera">ciera</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Mèu">mèu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin">lin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblon (la pagina non existís pas)">oblon</a>...). En retorn, èran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Importacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Importacion (la pagina non existís pas)">importats</a> de <a href="/wiki/Cavau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavau">cavaus</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Arma_(gu%C3%A8rra)" title="Arma (guèrra)">armas</a>, d'equipaments navaus, de <a href="/wiki/Metau" class="mw-redirect" title="Metau">metaus</a> e dei produchs artesanaus. A partir dau rèine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_lo_Savi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir lo Savi (la pagina non existís pas)">Vladimir lo Savi</a>, la Rus' bateguèt la sieuna <a href="/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">moneda</a> amb la creacion dau <i>srebrennik</i> d'<a href="/wiki/Argent_(metal)" title="Argent (metal)">argent</a> e dau <i>zlatnik</i> d'<a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a> (probablament inspirat per lo <i><a href="/wiki/Solidus" title="Solidus">solidus</a></i>). Pasmens, en realitat, lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grivna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grivna (la pagina non existís pas)">grivna</a></i>, un pichon <a href="/wiki/Ling%C3%B2t" title="Lingòt">lingòt</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Argent_(metal)" title="Argent (metal)">argent</a>, aguèt un ròtle centrau dins lei transaccions. De mai, fòrças pèças estrangieras èran en circulacion dins la Rus'. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> ocupava tanben una plaça importanta dins l'economia de la Rus' car èra l'activitat de la màger part de la populacion. Fòrça drudas, lei tèrras meridionalas de la Rus' èran un centre important de produccion agricòla, especialament de <a href="/wiki/Blat" title="Blat">blat</a>. Dins lo nòrd, pus dominat per lei <a href="/wiki/Selva" class="mw-redirect" title="Selva">seuvas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Conif%C3%A8r" class="mw-redirect" title="Conifèr">conifèrs</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Palun" title="Palun">paluns</a> e lei sòus pauc druds, l'<a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> èra mens desvolopada. Dins aquelei regions, la <a href="/wiki/Civada" title="Civada">civada</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%92rdi" title="Òrdi">òrdi</a> èran lei <a href="/wiki/Cereala" title="Cereala">cerealas</a> pus frequentas. Lo <a href="/wiki/Lin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin">lin</a>, fòrça utilizat per la fabricacion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A8stit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vèstit (la pagina non existís pas)">vèstits</a>, èra cultivat dins l'ensemble de la Rus'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Cultura"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura">arquitectura</a> de la Rus' de Kiev es inspirat per l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura_bizantina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arquitectura bizantina (la pagina non existís pas)">arquitectura bizantina</a>. Pasmens, en causa de l'usatge quasi generalizada de la <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a> per lei construccions, es pauc coneguda a l'excepcion de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura_sacrada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arquitectura sacrada (la pagina non existís pas)">arquitectura sacrada</a> e militara. Aquelei bastiments mòstran lo desvolopament progressiu de trachs pròpris coma l'importància donada ai <a href="/wiki/Torre" title="Torre">torres</a> e ai <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B2ma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dòma (la pagina non existís pas)">dòmas</a>. Lo plan tradicionau bizantin foguèt tanben pauc a pauc abandonat. Lo <a href="/wiki/Mosa%C3%AFc" title="Mosaïc">mosaïc</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura">pintura</a>, tecnicas d'origina bizantina, gardèron una gròssa importància dins leis ornaments interiors. Pasmens, lei motius utilizats presentan sovent d'inspiracion eslava. En particular, sus leis objèctes artesanaus, leis <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animaus</a> èran frequentament representats. </p><p>De mai, la Rus' es a l'origina d'una <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">literatura</a> importanta. Lei tèxtes religiós i ocupan una plaça centrala. Dins aquò, plusors <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B2nica" title="Crònica">crònicas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Epop%C3%A8ia" title="Epopèia">epopèias</a> son conegudas coma la <i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B2nica_dei_temps_passats" title="Crònica dei temps passats">Crònica dei temps passats</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1111" class="mw-redirect" title="1111">1111</a>-<a href="/wiki/1113" class="mw-redirect" title="1113">1113</a>), lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dich_de_la_campanha_d%27Igor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dich de la campanha d'Igor (la pagina non existís pas)">Dich de la campanha d'Igor</a></i> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/1200" class="mw-redirect" title="1200">1200</a>) ò la <i><a href="/wiki/Cronica_de_Kiev" title="Cronica de Kiev">Cronica de Kiev</a></i> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/1200" class="mw-redirect" title="1200">1200</a>). Aqueleis òbras avián per foncion de legitimar lo poder dei princes, especialament dei Rurikidas. Lo <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Eslau_oriental_ancian" title="Eslau oriental ancian">eslau ancian</a> èran lei doas <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lengas</a> utilizadas per leis escrivans de la Rus'. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_43.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstitucion de la premiera version de la Catedrala de Santa Sofia de Kiev (sègle XI)"><img alt="Reconstitucion de la premiera version de la Catedrala de Santa Sofia de Kiev (sègle XI)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_43.jpg/120px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_43.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_43.jpg/250px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_43.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3979" data-file-height="2984" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Reconstitucion de la premiera version de la <a href="/wiki/Catedrala_de_Santa_Sofia_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Catedrala de Santa Sofia de Kiev">Catedrala de Santa Sofia de Kiev</a> (sègle XI)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Catedrala de Sant Sofia de Nòvgorod (sègle XI)"><img alt="Catedrala de Sant Sofia de Nòvgorod (sègle XI)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg/120px-VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg/250px-VNovgorog_SaintSophiaCathedral_VN130.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2171" data-file-height="1822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catedrala_de_Sant_Sofia_de_N%C3%B2vgorod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catedrala de Sant Sofia de Nòvgorod (la pagina non existís pas)">Catedrala de Sant Sofia de Nòvgorod</a> (sègle XI)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Catedrala de la Dormicion de Vladimir (sègle XII)"><img alt="Catedrala de la Dormicion de Vladimir (sègle XII)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG/120px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG/250px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_2008.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2567" data-file-height="3380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catedrala_de_la_Dormicion_de_Vladimir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catedrala de la Dormicion de Vladimir (la pagina non existís pas)">Catedrala de la Dormicion de Vladimir</a> (sègle XII)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_-_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portau d'aur de Vladimir, exemple d'arquitectura militara (sègle XII)"><img alt="Portau d'aur de Vladimir, exemple d'arquitectura militara (sègle XII)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_-_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/120px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_-_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_-_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/250px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_-_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portau_d%27aur_de_Vladimir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portau d'aur de Vladimir (la pagina non existís pas)">Portau d'aur de Vladimir</a>, exemple d'arquitectura militara (sègle XII)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cathedral_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_(Suzdal)_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Catedrala de la Nativitat de Suzdal (sègle XIII)"><img alt="Catedrala de la Nativitat de Suzdal (sègle XIII)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cathedral_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_%28Suzdal%29_00.jpg/120px-Cathedral_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_%28Suzdal%29_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cathedral_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_%28Suzdal%29_00.jpg/250px-Cathedral_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Theotokos_%28Suzdal%29_00.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3303" data-file-height="3005" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catedrala_de_la_Nativitat_de_Suzdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catedrala de la Nativitat de Suzdal (la pagina non existís pas)">Catedrala de la Nativitat de Suzdal</a> (sègle XIII)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Axe_from_Shekshovo_(11th_century)_by_shakko.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Destrau amb un motiu eslau (sègle XI)"><img alt="Destrau amb un motiu eslau (sègle XI)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Axe_from_Shekshovo_%2811th_century%29_by_shakko.jpg/120px-Axe_from_Shekshovo_%2811th_century%29_by_shakko.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Axe_from_Shekshovo_%2811th_century%29_by_shakko.jpg/180px-Axe_from_Shekshovo_%2811th_century%29_by_shakko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Axe_from_Shekshovo_%2811th_century%29_by_shakko.jpg/240px-Axe_from_Shekshovo_%2811th_century%29_by_shakko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3115" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Destrau" class="mw-redirect" title="Destrau">Destrau</a> amb un motiu eslau (sègle XI)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Bracelet_Razan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Braçalet amb de motius eslaus (sègle XII)"><img alt="Braçalet amb de motius eslaus (sègle XII)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bracelet_Razan.jpg/120px-Bracelet_Razan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bracelet_Razan.jpg/180px-Bracelet_Razan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bracelet_Razan.jpg/240px-Bracelet_Razan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1039" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Braçalet amb de motius eslaus (sègle XII)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Toporik_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pomèu d'espasa amb d'ornaments animaus (sègles XI-XIII)"><img alt="Pomèu d'espasa amb d'ornaments animaus (sègles XI-XIII)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Toporik_B.jpg/120px-Toporik_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Toporik_B.jpg/250px-Toporik_B.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pomèu d'<a href="/wiki/Espasa" title="Espasa">espasa</a> amb d'ornaments animaus (sègles XI-XIII)</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eiretatge_e_garrolha_istoriografica">Eiretatge e garrolha istoriografica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Eiretatge e garrolha istoriografica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Eiretatge e garrolha istoriografica"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estat fondator deis entitats politicas fondadas ulteriorament per leis <a href="/wiki/Eslaus" title="Eslaus">Eslaus Orientaus</a>, la Rus' de Kyiv es l'enjòc de luchas <a href="/wiki/Istoriografia" title="Istoriografia">istoriograficas</a> importantas dempuei lo sègle XIX e l'aparicion dau <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalisme</a>. Uei, aqueu fenomèn es estat agravat per la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Ucra%C3%AFna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra d'Ucraïna (la pagina non existís pas)">Guèrra d'Ucraïna</a>. D'efiech, dins lor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_nacionau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman nacionau (la pagina non existís pas)">roman nacionau</a>, leis <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estats</a> actuaus successors de la Rus' (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a>) se revendican coma lei successors legitims de la <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> <a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">medievala</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Per exemple, en certanei tèxtes, s'utiliza l'expression « Russia de Kiev » per establir un liame dirècte entre la Rus' e <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Òr, au mens quatre sègles separan la fin de la Rus' e lo començament de la formacion de la <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Rus" title="Empèri Rus">Russia imperiala</a>. Au contrari, es egalament possible de trobar de tèxtes ucraïnians qu'assaian de captar tot l'eiretatge de la Rus' en s'apielant sus lo ròtle de <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, capitala actuala d'<a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a>, dins la Rus'. Pasmens, parlar d'Ucraïnians per designar lei populacions de la region a aquela epòca es anacronic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxas"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xas"></span>Annèxas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Annèxas"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Liames intèrnes"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cazars" title="Cazars">Cazars</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comans" title="Comans">Comans</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B2nica_dei_temps_passats" title="Crònica dei temps passats">Crònica dei temps passats</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_rurikida" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia rurikida">Dinastia rurikida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslaus" title="Eslaus">Eslaus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pechen%C3%A8gs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pechenègs (la pagina non existís pas)">Pechenègs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">Vikings</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Bibliografia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean-Pierre Arrignon, <i>Chronique de Nestor, Naissance des mondes russes</i>, Anacharsis, 2008.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean-Pierre Arrignon, <i>Russie</i>, Presses Universitaires de France, 2008.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Michel Heller, <i>Histoire de la Russie et de son Empire</i>, Tempus Perrin, 2015.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Arkady Joukovsky, <i>Histoire de l’Ukraine</i>, Dauphin, 2022.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean-Pierre Arrignon, <i>Chronique de Nestor, Naissance des mondes russes</i>, Anacharsis, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E mai una minoritat contèsta totalament la veracitat d'aqueu racònte.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Rus" title="Rus">(ru)</a></b> Андрей Николаевич Сахаров, <i>Дипломатия древней Руси: IX – первая половина X в</i>, 1980.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Segon certaneis istorians, aqueu tractat foguèt signat en <a href="/wiki/860" class="mw-redirect" title="860">860</a> a l'eissida de la premiera ataca varega còntra <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Georgios Theotokis, « Rus, Varangian and Frankish Mercenaries in the Service of the Byzantine Emperors (9th – 11th c.). Numbers, Organisation and Battle Tactics in the operational theatres of Asia Minor and the Balkans », <i>Institute for Byzantine Research</i>, vol. 22, 2012, pp. 125-156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Michel Heller, <i>Histoire de la Russie et de son Empire</i>, Tempus Perrin, 2015, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Francis Dvornik, <i>Les Slaves : Histoire et civilisation, de l'Antiquité aux débuts de l'époque contemporaine</i>, Seuil, coll. « L'Univers historique », 1970, pp. 187-188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Francis Dvornik, « Les Slaves : histoire et civilisation, de l'Antiquité aux débuts de l'Époque contemporaine », dins <i>La Russie de Kiev</i>, Éditions du Seuil, 1970, pp. 171-228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lei revendicacions de <a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a> son mens fòrtas car aquel <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a> se reclama puslèu dau <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducat_de_Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Grand Ducat de Lituània">Grand Ducat de Lituània</a>.</span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&oldid=2426220">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_de_Kyiv&oldid=2426220</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 4 març de 2024 a 12.49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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