CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Platelet-derived growth factor - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"14201506-1c34-402b-bff4-193970a22ff2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Platelet-derived_growth_factor","wgTitle":"Platelet-derived growth factor","wgCurRevisionId":1253368017,"wgRevisionId":1253368017,"wgArticleId":1015454,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007","Growth factors","Protein domains"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Platelet-derived_growth_factor","wgRelevantArticleId":1015454,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q22327352","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/1pdg.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="956"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1pdg.jpg/800px-1pdg.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="638"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1pdg.jpg/640px-1pdg.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="510"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Platelet-derived growth factor - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Platelet-derived_growth_factor rootpage-Platelet-derived_growth_factor skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Platelet-derived+growth+factor" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Platelet-derived+growth+factor" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Platelet-derived+growth+factor" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Platelet-derived+growth+factor" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types and classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_and_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mechanisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Platelet-derived growth factor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="عامل نمو مشتق من الصفيحات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عامل نمو مشتق من الصفيحات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombocitni_faktor_rasta" title="Trombocitni faktor rasta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trombocitni faktor rasta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet_Derived_Growth_Factor" title="Platelet Derived Growth Factor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Platelet Derived Growth Factor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_de_crecimiento_derivado_de_plaquetas" title="Factor de crecimiento derivado de plaquetas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Factor de crecimiento derivado de plaquetas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="فاکتور رشد مشتق از پلاکت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فاکتور رشد مشتق از پلاکت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_de_crecemento_derivado_de_plaquetas" title="Factor de crecemento derivado de plaquetas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Factor de crecemento derivado de plaquetas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombocitni_faktor_rasta" title="Trombocitni faktor rasta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trombocitni faktor rasta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktor_pertumbuhan_platelet_turunan" title="Faktor pertumbuhan platelet turunan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Faktor pertumbuhan platelet turunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fattore_di_crescita_derivato_dalle_piastrine" title="Fattore di crescita derivato dalle piastrine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fattore di crescita derivato dalle piastrine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDGF" title="PDGF – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PDGF" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktor_pertumbuhan_terbitan_platelet" title="Faktor pertumbuhan terbitan platelet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Faktor pertumbuhan terbitan platelet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BF%E7%94%B1%E6%9D%A5%E6%88%90%E9%95%B7%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="血小板由来成長因子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="血小板由来成長因子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet_Derived_Growth_Factor" title="Platelet Derived Growth Factor – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Platelet Derived Growth Factor" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%82ytkopochodny_czynnik_wzrostu" title="Płytkopochodny czynnik wzrostu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Płytkopochodny czynnik wzrostu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Тромбоцитарный фактор роста – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тромбоцитарный фактор роста" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BF%E8%A1%8D%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E9%95%B7%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="血小板衍生生長因子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="血小板衍生生長因子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22327352#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Platelet-derived_growth_factor" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Platelet-derived_growth_factor" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Platelet-derived_growth_factor" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&oldid=1253368017" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&id=1253368017&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlatelet-derived_growth_factor"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlatelet-derived_growth_factor"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22327352" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Signaling glycoprotein regulating cell proliferation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"PDGF" redirects here. For the space hardware, see <a href="/wiki/Power_Data_Grapple_Fixture" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Data Grapple Fixture">Power Data Grapple Fixture</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein family</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Platelet-derived growth factor</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1pdg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1pdg.jpg/270px-1pdg.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1pdg.jpg/405px-1pdg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1pdg.jpg/540px-1pdg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="797" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Platelet-derived growth factor BB monomer, Human</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;">PDGF</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00341">PF00341</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR000072">IPR000072</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00222">PDOC00222</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1pdg">1pdg</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1pdg">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1pdg">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00341?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00341">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF00341%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF00341">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF00341">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00341">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Platelet-derived growth factor</b> (<b>PDGF</b>) is one among numerous <a href="/wiki/Growth_factor" title="Growth factor">growth factors</a> that regulate <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a> growth and <a href="/wiki/Cell_division" title="Cell division">division</a>. In particular, PDGF plays a significant role in <a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis" title="Angiogenesis">blood vessel formation</a>, the growth of blood vessels from already-existing blood vessel tissue, mitogenesis, i.e. proliferation, of mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts, tenocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal stem cells as well as <a href="/wiki/Chemotaxis" title="Chemotaxis">chemotaxis</a>, the directed migration, of mesenchymal cells. Platelet-derived growth factor is a <a href="/wiki/Protein_dimer" title="Protein dimer">dimeric</a> <a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoprotein</a> that can be composed of two A subunits (PDGF-AA), two B subunits (PDGF-BB), or one of each (PDGF-AB). </p><p>PDGF<sup id="cite_ref-PUB00000590_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00000590-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PUB00001228_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00001228-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a potent <a href="/wiki/Mitogen" title="Mitogen">mitogen</a> for cells of <a href="/wiki/Mesenchymal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesenchymal">mesenchymal</a> origin, including <a href="/wiki/Fibroblasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibroblasts">fibroblasts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth muscle cells">smooth muscle cells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glial_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Glial cells">glial cells</a>. In both mouse and human, the PDGF signalling network consists of five ligands, PDGF-AA through -DD (including -AB), and two receptors, PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta. All PDGFs function as secreted, disulphide-linked homodimers, but only PDGFA and B can form functional heterodimers. </p><p>Though PDGF is synthesized,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stored (in the alpha granules of <a href="/wiki/Platelets" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelets">platelets</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and released by platelets upon activation, it is also produced by other cells including smooth muscle cells, activated macrophages, and endothelial cells<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Recombinant_DNA" title="Recombinant DNA">Recombinant</a> PDGF is used in medicine to help heal <a href="/wiki/Ulcer_(dermatology)" title="Ulcer (dermatology)">chronic ulcers</a>, to heal ocular surface diseases and in orthopedic surgery and periodontics as an alternative to bone autograft to stimulate bone regeneration and repair. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_and_classification">Types and classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types and classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are five different <a href="/wiki/Isoform" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoform">isoforms</a> of PDGF that activate cellular response through two different <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptors</a>. Known <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligands</a> include: PDGF-AA (<i><a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">PDGFA</a></i>), -BB (<i><a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">PDGFB</a></i>), -CC (<i><a href="/wiki/PDGFC" title="PDGFC">PDGFC</a></i>), and -DD (<i><a href="/wiki/PDGFD" title="PDGFD">PDGFD</a></i>), and -AB (a <i><a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">PDGFA</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">PDGFB</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Protein_dimer" title="Protein dimer">heterodimer</a><i>)</i>. The ligands interact with the two <a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">tyrosine kinase receptor</a> monomers, PDGFRα (<i><a href="/wiki/PDGFRA" class="mw-redirect" title="PDGFRA">PDGFRA</a></i>) and -Rβ (<i><a href="/wiki/PDGFRB" title="PDGFRB">PDGFRB</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PDGF family also includes a few other members of the family, including the <a href="/wiki/VEGF_sub-family" class="mw-redirect" title="VEGF sub-family">VEGF sub-family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanisms">Mechanisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mechanisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptor</a> for PDGF, <b>PDGFR</b> is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">receptor tyrosine kinase</a> (RTK), a type of <a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma membrane">cell surface</a> receptor. Two types of PDGFRs have been identified: alpha-type and beta-type PDGFRs.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alpha type binds to PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, whereas the beta type PDGFR binds with high affinity to PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PDGF binds to the PDGFR ligand binding pocket located within the second and third immunoglobulin domains.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon activation by PDGF, these receptors dimerise, and are "switched on" by auto-<a href="/wiki/Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a> of several sites on their <a href="/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol">cytosolic</a> domains, which serve to mediate binding of cofactors and subsequently activate <a href="/wiki/Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction">signal transduction</a>, for example, through the <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide_3-kinase" title="Phosphoinositide 3-kinase">PI3K</a> pathway or through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactive_oxygen_species_(ROS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (page does not exist)">reactive oxygen species (ROS)</a>-mediated activation of the <a href="/wiki/STAT3" title="STAT3">STAT3</a> pathway.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24165129_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24165129-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Downstream effects of this include regulation of <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">gene expression</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">cell cycle</a>. The role of PI3K has been investigated by several laboratories. Accumulating data suggests that, while this molecule is, in general, part of growth signaling complex, it plays a more profound role in controlling cell migration.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The different ligand isoforms have variable affinities for the receptor isoforms, and the receptor isoforms may variably form hetero- or homo- dimers. This leads to specificity of downstream signaling. It has been shown that the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sis_oncogene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sis oncogene (page does not exist)">sis oncogene</a> is derived from the PDGF B-chain <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>. PDGF-BB is the highest-affinity ligand for the PDGFR-beta; PDGFR-beta is a key marker of hepatic stellate cell activation in the process of <a href="/wiki/Fibrogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrogenesis">fibrogenesis</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PDGFs are mitogenic during early developmental stages, driving the proliferation of undifferentiated <a href="/wiki/Mesenchyme" title="Mesenchyme">mesenchyme</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Progenitor" title="Progenitor">progenitor</a> populations. During later maturation stages, PDGF signalling has been implicated in tissue remodelling and cellular differentiation, and in inductive events involved in patterning and morphogenesis. In addition to driving mesenchymal proliferation, PDGFs have been shown to direct the migration, differentiation and function of a variety of specialised mesenchymal and migratory cell types, both during development and in the adult animal.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PUB00014075_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00014075-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other growth factors in this family include vascular endothelial growth factors B and C (VEGF-B, VEGF-C)<sup id="cite_ref-PUB00004886_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00004886-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PUB00001288_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00001288-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, and placenta growth factor (PlGF) which is also active in angiogenesis.<sup id="cite_ref-PUB00004494_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00004494-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PDGF plays a role in <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryonic</a> development, cell proliferation, cell migration, and <a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis" title="Angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over-expression of PDGF has been linked to several <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>, fibrotic disorders and malignancies. Synthesis occurs due to external stimuli such as thrombin, low oxygen tension, or other cytokines and growth factors.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16970222_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16970222-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PDGF is a required element in cellular division for <a href="/wiki/Fibroblasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibroblasts">fibroblasts</a>, a type of connective tissue cell that is especially prevalent in wound healing.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16970222_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16970222-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In essence, the PDGFs allow a cell to skip the <a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">G1 checkpoints</a> in order to divide.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15784165_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15784165-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been shown that in monocytes-macrophages and fibroblasts, exogenously administered PDGF stimulates chemotaxis, proliferation, and gene expression and significantly augmented the influx of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, accelerating extracellular matrix and collagen formation and thus reducing the time for the healing process to occur.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2045423_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2045423-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In terms of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, comparing PDGF to epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is also implicated in stimulating cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation,<sup id="cite_ref-Kratchmarova,_I_2005_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kratchmarova,_I_2005-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MSCs were shown to have stronger osteogenic differentiation into bone-forming cells when stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) versus PDGF. However, comparing the signaling pathways between them reveals that the PI3K pathway is exclusively activated by PDGF, with EGF having no effect. Chemically inhibiting the PI3K pathway in PDGF-stimulated cells negates the differential effect between the two growth factors, and actually gives PDGF an edge in osteogenic differentiation.<sup id="cite_ref-Kratchmarova,_I_2005_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kratchmarova,_I_2005-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wortmannin" title="Wortmannin">Wortmannin</a> is a PI3K-specific inhibitor, and treatment of cells with Wortmannin in combination with PDGF resulted in enhanced osteoblast differentiation compared to just PDGF alone, as well as compared to EGF.<sup id="cite_ref-Kratchmarova,_I_2005_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kratchmarova,_I_2005-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These results indicate that the addition of Wortmannin can significantly increase the response of cells into an osteogenic lineage in the presence of PDGF, and thus might reduce the need for higher concentrations of PDGF or other growth factors, making PDGF a more viable growth factor for osteogenic differentiation than other, more expensive growth factors currently used in the field such as BMP2.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PDGF is also known to maintain proliferation of <a href="/wiki/Oligodendrocyte_progenitor_cell" title="Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell">oligodendrocyte progenitor cells</a> (OPCs).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been shown that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activates a signaling pathway that positively regulates the PDGF receptors in OPCs.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2171589_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2171589-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PDGF was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Growth_factor" title="Growth factor">growth factors</a> characterized,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has led to an understanding of the mechanism of many growth factor <a href="/wiki/Biochemical_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Biochemical signaling">signaling pathways</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>The first engineered dominant negative protein was designed to inhibit PDGF <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicine">Medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Recombinant_DNA" title="Recombinant DNA">Recombinant</a> PDGF is used to help heal <a href="/wiki/Ulcer_(dermatology)" title="Ulcer (dermatology)">chronic ulcers</a> and in orthopedic surgery and periodontics to stimulate bone regeneration and repair.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23432673_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23432673-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PDGF may be beneficial when used by itself or especially in combination with other growth factors to stimulate soft and hard tissue healing (Lynch et al. 1987, 1989, 1991, 1995). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like many other growth factors that have been linked to disease, PDGF and its receptors have provided a market for <a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">receptor antagonists</a> to treat disease. Such antagonists include (but are not limited to) specific <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibodies</a> that target the <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a> of interest, which act only in a neutralizing manner.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9211881_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9211881-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "c-Sis" <a href="/wiki/Oncogene" title="Oncogene">oncogene</a> is derived from PDGF.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Age related downregulation of the PDGF receptor on islet beta cells has been demonstrated to prevent islet beta cell proliferation in both animal and human cells and its re-expression triggered beta cell proliferation and corrected glucose regulation via insulin secretion.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A non-viral PDGF "bio patch" can regenerate missing or damaged bone by delivering DNA in a nano-sized particle directly into cells via genes. Repairing bone fractures, fixing craniofacial defects and improving dental implants are among potential uses. The patch employs a collagen platform seeded with particles containing the genes needed for producing bone. In experiments, new bone fully covered skull wounds in test animals and stimulated growth in human bone marrow <a href="/wiki/Stromal_cell" title="Stromal cell">stromal cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The addition of PDGF at specific time‐points has been shown to stabilise vasculature in collagen‐<a href="/wiki/Glycosaminoglycan" title="Glycosaminoglycan">glycosaminoglycan</a> scaffolds.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_members">Family members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Human genes encoding proteins that belong to the platelet-derived growth factor family include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">PDGFA</a>; <a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">PDGFB</a>; <a href="/wiki/PDGFC" title="PDGFC">PDGFC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PDGFD" title="PDGFD">PDGFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placental_growth_factor" title="Placental growth factor">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">VEGF</a>; <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_B" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor B">VEGFB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_C" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor C">VEGFC</a>; <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor D">VEGFD</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-activating_factor" title="Platelet-activating factor">Platelet-activating factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor receptor">Platelet-derived growth factor receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheroma" title="Atheroma">atheroma</a> platelet involvement in smooth muscle proliferation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withaferin_A" title="Withaferin A">Withaferin A</a> potent inhibitor of angiogenesis</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PUB00000590-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUB00000590_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHanninkDonoghue1989" class="citation journal cs1">Hannink M, Donoghue DJ (1989). "Structure and function of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and related proteins". <i>Biochim. Biophys. Acta</i>. <b>989</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-419x%2889%2990031-0">10.1016/0304-419x(89)90031-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2546599">2546599</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochim.+Biophys.+Acta&rft.atitle=Structure+and+function+of+platelet-derived+growth+factor+%28PDGF%29+and+related+proteins&rft.volume=989&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-419x%2889%2990031-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2546599&rft.aulast=Hannink&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+DJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUB00001228-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUB00001228_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeldin_CH1992" class="citation journal cs1">Heldin CH (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC556997">"Structural and functional studies on platelet-derived growth factor"</a>. <i>EMBO J</i>. <b>11</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">4251–</span>4259. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1992.tb05523.x">10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05523.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC556997">556997</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1425569">1425569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+J.&rft.atitle=Structural+and+functional+studies+on+platelet-derived+growth+factor&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4251-%3C%2Fspan%3E4259&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC556997%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1425569&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1992.tb05523.x&rft.au=Heldin+CH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC556997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinarcik" class="citation web cs1">Minarcik, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929134650/http://www.gopathdx.com/?action-model-name-lectures-itemid-69">"Global Path Course: Video"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gopathdx.com/?action-model-name-lectures-itemid-69">the original</a> on 2018-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Path+Course%3A+Video&rft.aulast=Minarcik&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gopathdx.com%2F%3Faction-model-name-lectures-itemid-69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perfusion.com/cgi-bin/absolutenm/templates/articledisplay.asp?articleid=1678&">"The Basic Biology of Platelet Growth Factors"</a>. September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Basic+Biology+of+Platelet+Growth+Factors&rft.date=2004-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perfusion.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fabsolutenm%2Ftemplates%2Farticledisplay.asp%3Farticleid%3D1678%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2010" class="citation book cs1">Kumar, Vinay (2010). <i>Robbins and Coltran Pathologic Basis of Disease</i>. China: Elsevier. pp. <span class="nowrap">88–</span>89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4160-3121-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4160-3121-5"><bdi>978-1-4160-3121-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robbins+and+Coltran+Pathologic+Basis+of+Disease&rft.place=China&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4160-3121-5&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Vinay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFredrikssonLiEriksson2004" class="citation journal cs1">Fredriksson, Linda; Li, Hong; Eriksson, Ulf (August 2004). "The PDGF family: four gene products form five dimeric isoforms". <i>Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews</i>. <b>15</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">197–</span>204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cytogfr.2004.03.007">10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.03.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15207811">15207811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytokine+%26+Growth+Factor+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+PDGF+family%3A+four+gene+products+form+five+dimeric+isoforms&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E197-%3C%2Fspan%3E204&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cytogfr.2004.03.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15207811&rft.aulast=Fredriksson&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Li%2C+Hong&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+Ulf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTischerGospodarowiczMitchellSilva1989" class="citation journal cs1">Tischer, Edmund; Gospodarowicz, Denis; Mitchell, Richard; Silva, Maria; Schilling, James; Lau, Kenneth; Crisp, Tracey; Fiddes, John C.; Abraham, Judith A. (December 1989). "Vascular endothelial growth factor: A new member of the platelet-derived growth factor gene family". <i>Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications</i>. <b>165</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">1198–</span>1206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0006-291X%2889%2992729-0">10.1016/0006-291X(89)92729-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2610687">2610687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Vascular+endothelial+growth+factor%3A+A+new+member+of+the+platelet-derived+growth+factor+gene+family&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1198-%3C%2Fspan%3E1206&rft.date=1989-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0006-291X%2889%2992729-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2610687&rft.aulast=Tischer&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft.au=Gospodarowicz%2C+Denis&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Richard&rft.au=Silva%2C+Maria&rft.au=Schilling%2C+James&rft.au=Lau%2C+Kenneth&rft.au=Crisp%2C+Tracey&rft.au=Fiddes%2C+John+C.&rft.au=Abraham%2C+Judith+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsuiHeidaranMikiPopescu1989" class="citation journal cs1">Matsui T, Heidaran M, Miki T, Popescu N, La Rochelle W, Kraus M, Pierce J, Aaronson S (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1231010">"Isolation of a novel receptor cDNA establishes the existence of two PDGF receptor genes"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>243</b> (4892): <span class="nowrap">800–</span>804. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Sci...243..800M">1989Sci...243..800M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.2536956">10.1126/science.2536956</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2536956">2536956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+a+novel+receptor+cDNA+establishes+the+existence+of+two+PDGF+receptor+genes&rft.volume=243&rft.issue=4892&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E800-%3C%2Fspan%3E804&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2536956&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.2536956&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989Sci...243..800M&rft.aulast=Matsui&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Heidaran%2C+M&rft.au=Miki%2C+T&rft.au=Popescu%2C+N&rft.au=La+Rochelle%2C+W&rft.au=Kraus%2C+M&rft.au=Pierce%2C+J&rft.au=Aaronson%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1231010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidaranPierceYuLombardi1991" class="citation journal cs1">Heidaran MA, Pierce JH, Yu JC, Lombardi D, Artrip JE, Fleming TP, Thomason A, Aaronson SA (25 October 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2954914-0">"Role of alpha beta receptor heterodimer formation in beta platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor activation by PDGF-AB"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. <b>266</b> (30): <span class="nowrap">20232–</span>7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2954914-0">10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54914-0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1657917">1657917</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Biol.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Role+of+alpha+beta+receptor+heterodimer+formation+in+beta+platelet-derived+growth+factor+%28PDGF%29+receptor+activation+by+PDGF-AB&rft.volume=266&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20232-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=1991-10-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2954914-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1657917&rft.aulast=Heidaran&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Pierce%2C+JH&rft.au=Yu%2C+JC&rft.au=Lombardi%2C+D&rft.au=Artrip%2C+JE&rft.au=Fleming%2C+TP&rft.au=Thomason%2C+A&rft.au=Aaronson%2C+SA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0021-9258%252818%252954914-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidaranPierceJensenMatsui1990" class="citation journal cs1">Heidaran MA, Pierce JH, Jensen RA, Matsui T, Aaronson SA (5 November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2817%2930572-0">"Chimeric alpha- and beta-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors define three immunoglobulin-like domains of the alpha-PDGF receptor that determine PDGF-AA binding specificity"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. <b>265</b> (31): <span class="nowrap">18741–</span>18744. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2817%2930572-0">10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30572-0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2172231">2172231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Biol.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Chimeric+alpha-+and+beta-platelet-derived+growth+factor+%28PDGF%29+receptors+define+three+immunoglobulin-like+domains+of+the+alpha-PDGF+receptor+that+determine+PDGF-AA+binding+specificity&rft.volume=265&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18741-%3C%2Fspan%3E18744&rft.date=1990-11-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2817%2930572-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2172231&rft.aulast=Heidaran&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Pierce%2C+JH&rft.au=Jensen%2C+RA&rft.au=Matsui%2C+T&rft.au=Aaronson%2C+SA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0021-9258%252817%252930572-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid24165129-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid24165129_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlazevicSchwaibergerSchreinerSchachner2013" class="citation journal cs1">Blazevic T, Schwaiberger AV, Schreiner CE, Schachner D, Schaible AM, Grojer CS, Atanasov AG, Werz O, Dirsch VM, Heiss EH (December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853304">"12/15-Lipoxygenase Contributes to Platelet-derived Growth Factor-induced Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. <b>288</b> (49): <span class="nowrap">35592–</span>35603. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M113.489013">10.1074/jbc.M113.489013</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853304">3853304</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24165129">24165129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Biol.+Chem.&rft.atitle=12%2F15-Lipoxygenase+Contributes+to+Platelet-derived+Growth+Factor-induced+Activation+of+Signal+Transducer+and+Activator+of+Transcription+3&rft.volume=288&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35592-%3C%2Fspan%3E35603&rft.date=2013-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3853304%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24165129&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M113.489013&rft.aulast=Blazevic&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Schwaiberger%2C+AV&rft.au=Schreiner%2C+CE&rft.au=Schachner%2C+D&rft.au=Schaible%2C+AM&rft.au=Grojer%2C+CS&rft.au=Atanasov%2C+AG&rft.au=Werz%2C+O&rft.au=Dirsch%2C+VM&rft.au=Heiss%2C+EH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3853304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuLiWangUren1995" class="citation journal cs1">Yu JC, Li W, Wang LM, Uren A, Pierce JH, Heidaran MA (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.270.13.7033">"Differential requirement of a motif within the carboxyl-terminal domain of alpha-platelet-derived growth factor (alpha PDGF) receptor for PDGF focus forming activity chemotaxis, or growth"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. <b>270</b> (13): <span class="nowrap">7033–</span>7036. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.270.13.7033">10.1074/jbc.270.13.7033</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7706238">7706238</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Biol.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Differential+requirement+of+a+motif+within+the+carboxyl-terminal+domain+of+alpha-platelet-derived+growth+factor+%28alpha+PDGF%29+receptor+for+PDGF+focus+forming+activity+chemotaxis%2C+or+growth&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7033-%3C%2Fspan%3E7036&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.270.13.7033&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7706238&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.au=Li%2C+W&rft.au=Wang%2C+LM&rft.au=Uren%2C+A&rft.au=Pierce%2C+JH&rft.au=Heidaran%2C+MA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.270.13.7033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtaliotisSymesChouHo1995" class="citation journal cs1">Ataliotis, P; Symes, K; Chou, MM; Ho, L; Mercola, M (September 1995). "PDGF signalling is required for gastrulation of Xenopus laevis". <i>Development</i>. <b>121</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">3099–</span>3110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.121.9.3099">10.1242/dev.121.9.3099</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7555734">7555734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Development&rft.atitle=PDGF+signalling+is+required+for+gastrulation+of+Xenopus+laevis.&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3099-%3C%2Fspan%3E3110&rft.date=1995-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fdev.121.9.3099&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7555734&rft.aulast=Ataliotis&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Symes%2C+K&rft.au=Chou%2C+MM&rft.au=Ho%2C+L&rft.au=Mercola%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymesMercola1996" class="citation journal cs1">Symes, K; Mercola, M (3 September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC38481">"Embryonic mesoderm cells spread in response to platelet-derived growth factor and signaling by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>93</b> (18): <span class="nowrap">9641–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PNAS...93.9641S">1996PNAS...93.9641S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.93.18.9641">10.1073/pnas.93.18.9641</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC38481">38481</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8790383">8790383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Embryonic+mesoderm+cells+spread+in+response+to+platelet-derived+growth+factor+and+signaling+by+phosphatidylinositol+3-kinase.&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9641-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=1996-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC38481%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8790383&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.93.18.9641&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996PNAS...93.9641S&rft.aulast=Symes&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Mercola%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC38481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUB00014075-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUB00014075_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHochSoriano2003" class="citation journal cs1">Hoch RV, Soriano P (2003). "Roles of PDGF in animal development". <i>Development</i>. <b>130</b> (20): <span class="nowrap">4769–</span>4784. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.00721">10.1242/dev.00721</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12952899">12952899</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24124211">24124211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Development&rft.atitle=Roles+of+PDGF+in+animal+development&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4769-%3C%2Fspan%3E4784&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24124211%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12952899&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fdev.00721&rft.aulast=Hoch&rft.aufirst=RV&rft.au=Soriano%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUB00004886-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUB00004886_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlofssonPajusolaKaipainenvon_Euler1996" class="citation journal cs1">Olofsson B, Pajusola K, Kaipainen A, von Euler G, Joukov V, Saksela O, Orpana A, Pettersson RF, Alitalo K, Eriksson U (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39839">"Vascular endothelial growth factor B, a novel growth factor for endothelial cells"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. <b>93</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">2567–</span>2581. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PNAS...93.2576O">1996PNAS...93.2576O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.93.6.2576">10.1073/pnas.93.6.2576</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39839">39839</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8637916">8637916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+B%2C+a+novel+growth+factor+for+endothelial+cells&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2567-%3C%2Fspan%3E2581&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC39839%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8637916&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.93.6.2576&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996PNAS...93.2576O&rft.aulast=Olofsson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Pajusola%2C+K&rft.au=Kaipainen%2C+A&rft.au=von+Euler%2C+G&rft.au=Joukov%2C+V&rft.au=Saksela%2C+O&rft.au=Orpana%2C+A&rft.au=Pettersson%2C+RF&rft.au=Alitalo%2C+K&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+U&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC39839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUB00001288-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUB00001288_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoukovPajusolaKaipainenChilov1996" class="citation journal cs1">Joukov V, Pajusola K, Kaipainen A, Chilov D, Lahtinen I, Kukk E, Saksela O, Kalkkinen N, Alitalo K (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC449944">"A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases"</a>. <i>EMBO J</i>. <b>15</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">290–</span>298. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1996.tb00359.x">10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00359.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC449944">449944</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8617204">8617204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+J.&rft.atitle=A+novel+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor%2C+VEGF-C%2C+is+a+ligand+for+the+Flt4+%28VEGFR-3%29+and+KDR+%28VEGFR-2%29+receptor+tyrosine+kinases&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E290-%3C%2Fspan%3E298&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC449944%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8617204&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1996.tb00359.x&rft.aulast=Joukov&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Pajusola%2C+K&rft.au=Kaipainen%2C+A&rft.au=Chilov%2C+D&rft.au=Lahtinen%2C+I&rft.au=Kukk%2C+E&rft.au=Saksela%2C+O&rft.au=Kalkkinen%2C+N&rft.au=Alitalo%2C+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC449944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUB00004494-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUB00004494_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaglioneGuerrieroVigliettoFerraro1993" class="citation journal cs1">Maglione D, Guerriero V, Viglietto G, Ferraro MG, Aprelikova O, Alitalo K, Del Vecchio S, Lei KJ, Chou JY, Persico MG (1993). "Two alternative mRNAs coding for the angiogenic factor, placenta growth factor (PlGF), are transcribed from a single gene of chromosome 14". <i>Oncogene</i>. <b>8</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">925–</span>931. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7681160">7681160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=Two+alternative+mRNAs+coding+for+the+angiogenic+factor%2C+placenta+growth+factor+%28PlGF%29%2C+are+transcribed+from+a+single+gene+of+chromosome+14&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E925-%3C%2Fspan%3E931&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7681160&rft.aulast=Maglione&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Guerriero%2C+V&rft.au=Viglietto%2C+G&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+MG&rft.au=Aprelikova%2C+O&rft.au=Alitalo%2C+K&rft.au=Del+Vecchio%2C+S&rft.au=Lei%2C+KJ&rft.au=Chou%2C+JY&rft.au=Persico%2C+MG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061113131941/http://www.multi-targetedtherapy.com/pdgfSignaling.asp">"PDGF Pathways"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multi-targetedtherapy.com/pdgfSignaling.asp">the original</a> on 2006-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PDGF+Pathways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.multi-targetedtherapy.com%2FpdgfSignaling.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16970222-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid16970222_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid16970222_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvarezKantarjianCortes2006" class="citation journal cs1">Alvarez RH, Kantarjian HM, Cortes JE (September 2006). "Biology of platelet-derived growth factor and its involvement in disease". <i>Mayo Clin. Proc</i>. <b>81</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">1241–</span>1257. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4065%2F81.9.1241">10.4065/81.9.1241</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16970222">16970222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clin.+Proc.&rft.atitle=Biology+of+platelet-derived+growth+factor+and+its+involvement+in+disease&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1241-%3C%2Fspan%3E1257&rft.date=2006-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4065%2F81.9.1241&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16970222&rft.aulast=Alvarez&rft.aufirst=RH&rft.au=Kantarjian%2C+HM&rft.au=Cortes%2C+JE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15784165-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15784165_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSongOuyangBao2005" class="citation journal cs1">Song G, Ouyang G, Bao S (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741304">"The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival"</a>. <i>J. Cell. Mol. Med</i>. <b>9</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1582-4934.2005.tb00337.x">10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00337.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741304">6741304</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15784165">15784165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Cell.+Mol.+Med.&rft.atitle=The+activation+of+Akt%2FPKB+signaling+pathway+and+cell+survival&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6741304%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15784165&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1582-4934.2005.tb00337.x&rft.aulast=Song&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Ouyang%2C+G&rft.au=Bao%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6741304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid2045423-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid2045423_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierceMustoeAltrockDeuel1991" class="citation journal cs1">Pierce GF, Mustoe TA, Altrock BW, Deuel TF, Thomason A (April 1991). "Role of platelet-derived growth factor in wound healing". <i>J. Cell. Biochem</i>. <b>45</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">319–</span>326. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjcb.240450403">10.1002/jcb.240450403</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2045423">2045423</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8539542">8539542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Cell.+Biochem.&rft.atitle=Role+of+platelet-derived+growth+factor+in+wound+healing&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E319-%3C%2Fspan%3E326&rft.date=1991-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8539542%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2045423&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjcb.240450403&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=GF&rft.au=Mustoe%2C+TA&rft.au=Altrock%2C+BW&rft.au=Deuel%2C+TF&rft.au=Thomason%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kratchmarova,_I_2005-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kratchmarova,_I_2005_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kratchmarova,_I_2005_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kratchmarova,_I_2005_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKratchmarovaBlagoevHaack-SorensenKassem2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kratchmarova I, Blagoev B, Haack-Sorensen M, Kassem M, Mann M (June 2005). "Mechanism of divergent growth factor effects in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation". <i>Science</i>. <b>308</b> (5727): <span class="nowrap">1472–</span>1477. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Sci...308.1472K">2005Sci...308.1472K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1107627">10.1126/science.1107627</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15933201">15933201</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10690497">10690497</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+divergent+growth+factor+effects+in+mesenchymal+stem+cell+differentiation&rft.volume=308&rft.issue=5727&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1472-%3C%2Fspan%3E1477&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1107627&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10690497%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15933201&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Sci...308.1472K&rft.aulast=Kratchmarova&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Blagoev%2C+B&rft.au=Haack-Sorensen%2C+M&rft.au=Kassem%2C+M&rft.au=Mann%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayashi, A. The New Standard of Care for Nonunions?. AAOS Now. 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarresHartColesBurne1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Barres" title="Ben Barres">Barres BA</a>, Hart IK, Coles HS, Burne JF, Voyvodic JT, Richardson WD, Raff MC (1992). "Cell Death and Control of Cell Survival in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage". <i>Cell</i>. <b>70</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">31–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2892%2990531-G">10.1016/0092-8674(92)90531-G</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1623522">1623522</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11529297">11529297</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Cell+Death+and+Control+of+Cell+Survival+in+the+Oligodendrocyte+Lineage&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11529297%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1623522&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0092-8674%2892%2990531-G&rft.aulast=Barres&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.au=Hart%2C+IK&rft.au=Coles%2C+HS&rft.au=Burne%2C+JF&rft.au=Voyvodic%2C+JT&rft.au=Richardson%2C+WD&rft.au=Raff%2C+MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Proto-Oncogene+Proteins+c-sis">Proto-Oncogene+Proteins+c-sis</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid2171589-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid2171589_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnonMatsuiDubois-DalcqAaronson1990" class="citation journal cs1">McKinnon RD, Matsui T, Dubois-Dalcq M, Aaronson SA (November 1990). "FGF modulates the PDGF-driven pathway of oligodendrocyte development". <i>Neuron</i>. <b>5</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">603–</span>614. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0896-6273%2890%2990215-2">10.1016/0896-6273(90)90215-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2171589">2171589</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23026544">23026544</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuron&rft.atitle=FGF+modulates+the+PDGF-driven+pathway+of+oligodendrocyte+development&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E603-%3C%2Fspan%3E614&rft.date=1990-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23026544%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2171589&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0896-6273%2890%2990215-2&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.au=Matsui%2C+T&rft.au=Dubois-Dalcq%2C+M&rft.au=Aaronson%2C+SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulLiptonKlinger1971" class="citation journal cs1">Paul D, Lipton A, Klinger I (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC389008">"Serum factor requirements of normal and simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 mouse fibroplasts"</a>. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</i>. <b>68</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">645–</span>652. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971PNAS...68..645P">1971PNAS...68..645P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.68.3.645">10.1073/pnas.68.3.645</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC389008">389008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5276775">5276775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A&rft.atitle=Serum+factor+requirements+of+normal+and+simian+virus+40-transformed+3T3+mouse+fibroplasts&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E645-%3C%2Fspan%3E652&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC389008%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5276775&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.68.3.645&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1971PNAS...68..645P&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Lipton%2C+A&rft.au=Klinger%2C+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC389008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercolaDeiningerShamahPorter1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mercola, M; Deininger, P L; Shamah, S M; Porter, J; Wang, C Y; Stiles, C D (1 December 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.4.12b.2333">"Dominant-negative mutants of a platelet-derived growth factor gene"</a>. <i>Genes & Development</i>. <b>4</b> (12b): <span class="nowrap">2333–</span>2341. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.4.12b.2333">10.1101/gad.4.12b.2333</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2279701">2279701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes+%26+Development&rft.atitle=Dominant-negative+mutants+of+a+platelet-derived+growth+factor+gene.&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=12b&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2333-%3C%2Fspan%3E2341&rft.date=1990-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgad.4.12b.2333&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2279701&rft.aulast=Mercola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Deininger%2C+P+L&rft.au=Shamah%2C+S+M&rft.au=Porter%2C+J&rft.au=Wang%2C+C+Y&rft.au=Stiles%2C+C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%252Fgad.4.12b.2333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid23432673-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid23432673_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedlaenderLinSolchagaSnel2013" class="citation journal cs1">Friedlaender GE, Lin S, Solchaga LA, Snel LB, Lynch SE (2013). "The role of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) in orthopaedic bone repair and regeneration". <i>Current Pharmaceutical Design</i>. <b>19</b> (19): <span class="nowrap">3384–</span>3390. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F1381612811319190005">10.2174/1381612811319190005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23432673">23432673</a>. <q>Demonstration of the safety and efficacy of rhPDGF-BB in the healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetic patients and regeneration of alveolar (jaw) bone lost due to chronic infection from periodontal disease has resulted in two FDA-approved products based on this molecule</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Pharmaceutical+Design&rft.atitle=The+role+of+recombinant+human+platelet-derived+growth+factor-BB+%28rhPDGF-BB%29+in+orthopaedic+bone+repair+and+regeneration&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3384-%3C%2Fspan%3E3390&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F1381612811319190005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23432673&rft.aulast=Friedlaender&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.au=Lin%2C+S&rft.au=Solchaga%2C+LA&rft.au=Snel%2C+LB&rft.au=Lynch%2C+SE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9211881-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9211881_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShulmanSauerJackmanChang1997" class="citation journal cs1">Shulman T, Sauer FG, Jackman RM, Chang CN, Landolfi NF (July 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.272.28.17400">"An antibody reactive with domain 4 of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor allows BB binding while inhibiting proliferation by impairing receptor dimerization"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. <b>272</b> (28): <span class="nowrap">17400–</span>17404. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.272.28.17400">10.1074/jbc.272.28.17400</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9211881">9211881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Biol.+Chem.&rft.atitle=An+antibody+reactive+with+domain+4+of+the+platelet-derived+growth+factor+beta+receptor+allows+BB+binding+while+inhibiting+proliferation+by+impairing+receptor+dimerization&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17400-%3C%2Fspan%3E17404&rft.date=1997-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.272.28.17400&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9211881&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Sauer%2C+FG&rft.au=Jackman%2C+RM&rft.au=Chang%2C+CN&rft.au=Landolfi%2C+NF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.272.28.17400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClintockChanThakerKatial1992" class="citation journal cs1">McClintock JT, Chan IJ, Thaker SR, Katial A, Taub FE, Aotaki-Keen AE, Hjelmeland LM (1992). "Detection of c-sis proto-oncogene transcripts by direct enzyme-labeled cDNA probes and in situ hybridization". <i>In Vitro Cell Dev Biol</i>. <b>28A</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">102–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02631013">10.1007/BF02631013</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1537750">1537750</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9958016">9958016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cell+Dev+Biol&rft.atitle=Detection+of+c-sis+proto-oncogene+transcripts+by+direct+enzyme-labeled+cDNA+probes+and+in+situ+hybridization&rft.volume=28A&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9958016%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1537750&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02631013&rft.aulast=McClintock&rft.aufirst=JT&rft.au=Chan%2C+IJ&rft.au=Thaker%2C+SR&rft.au=Katial%2C+A&rft.au=Taub%2C+FE&rft.au=Aotaki-Keen%2C+AE&rft.au=Hjelmeland%2C+LM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-10/jdrf-rmo101211.php">"Researchers make older beta cells act young again"</a>. Eurekalert.org. 2011-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Researchers+make+older+beta+cells+act+young+again&rft.pub=Eurekalert.org&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurekalert.org%2Fpub_releases%2F2011-10%2Fjdrf-rmo101211.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021184626/http://med.stanford.edu/ism/2011/october/kim.html">"New Stanford molecular target for diabetes treatment discovered"</a>. Med.stanford.edu – Stanford University School of Medicine. 2011-10-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://med.stanford.edu/ism/2011/october/kim.html">the original</a> on 2013-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Stanford+molecular+target+for+diabetes+treatment+discovered&rft.pub=Med.stanford.edu+%E2%80%93+Stanford+University+School+of+Medicine&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmed.stanford.edu%2Fism%2F2011%2Foctober%2Fkim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElangovand'MelloHongRoss2013" class="citation journal cs1">Elangovan, S.; d'Mello, S. R.; Hong, L.; Ross, R. D.; Allamargot, C.; Dawson, D. V.; Stanford, C. M.; Johnson, G. K.; Sumner, D. R.; Salem, A. K. (2013-11-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurzweilai.net/bio-patch-can-regrow-bone-for-dental-implants-and-craniofacial-defects">"Bio patch can regrow bone for dental implants and craniofacial defects"</a>. <i>Biomaterials</i>. <b>35</b> (2). KurzweilAI: <span class="nowrap">737–</span>747. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2013.10.021">10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.021</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3855224">3855224</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24161167">24161167</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Bio+patch+can+regrow+bone+for+dental+implants+and+craniofacial+defects&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E737-%3C%2Fspan%3E747&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3855224%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24161167&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2013.10.021&rft.aulast=Elangovan&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=d%27Mello%2C+S.+R.&rft.au=Hong%2C+L.&rft.au=Ross%2C+R.+D.&rft.au=Allamargot%2C+C.&rft.au=Dawson%2C+D.+V.&rft.au=Stanford%2C+C.+M.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+G.+K.&rft.au=Sumner%2C+D.+R.&rft.au=Salem%2C+A.+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurzweilai.net%2Fbio-patch-can-regrow-bone-for-dental-implants-and-craniofacial-defects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElangovanD'MelloHongRoss2014" class="citation journal cs1">Elangovan S, D'Mello SR, Hong L, Ross RD, Allamargot C, Dawson DV, Stanford CM, Johnson GK, Sumner DR, Salem AK (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3855224">"The enhancement of bone regeneration by gene activated matrix encoding for platelet derived growth factor"</a>. <i>Biomaterials</i>. <b>35</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">737–</span>747. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2013.10.021">10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.021</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3855224">3855224</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24161167">24161167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=The+enhancement+of+bone+regeneration+by+gene+activated+matrix+encoding+for+platelet+derived+growth+factor&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E737-%3C%2Fspan%3E747&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3855224%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24161167&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2013.10.021&rft.aulast=Elangovan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=D%27Mello%2C+SR&rft.au=Hong%2C+L&rft.au=Ross%2C+RD&rft.au=Allamargot%2C+C&rft.au=Dawson%2C+DV&rft.au=Stanford%2C+CM&rft.au=Johnson%2C+GK&rft.au=Sumner%2C+DR&rft.au=Salem%2C+AK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3855224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmaralCavanaghO'BrienKearney2018" class="citation journal cs1">Amaral, Ronaldo Jose Farias Correa; Cavanagh, Brenton; O'Brien, Fergal Joseph; Kearney, Cathal John (16 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/10765319">"Platelet-derived growth factor stabilises vascularisation in collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds"</a>. <i>Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine</i>. <b>13</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">261–</span>273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fterm.2789">10.1002/term.2789</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30554484">30554484</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:58767660">58767660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tissue+Engineering+and+Regenerative+Medicine&rft.atitle=Platelet-derived+growth+factor+stabilises+vascularisation+in+collagen-glycosaminoglycan+scaffolds&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E261-%3C%2Fspan%3E273&rft.date=2018-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A58767660%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30554484&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fterm.2789&rft.aulast=Amaral&rft.aufirst=Ronaldo+Jose+Farias+Correa&rft.au=Cavanagh%2C+Brenton&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Fergal+Joseph&rft.au=Kearney%2C+Cathal+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffigshare.com%2Farticles%2Fjournal_contribution%2F10765319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatelet-derived+growth+factor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=platelet-derived+growth+factor">platelet-derived+growth+factor</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Growth_factors296" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Growth_factors" title="Template:Growth factors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Growth_factors" title="Template talk:Growth factors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Growth_factors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Growth factors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Growth_factors296" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Growth_factor" title="Growth factor">Growth factors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">Fibroblast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor">FGF receptor</a> ligands:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">FGF1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Basic_fibroblast_growth_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic fibroblast growth factor">FGF2</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">FGF5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">FGF3</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">FGF4</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">FGF6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Keratinocyte_growth_factor" title="Keratinocyte growth factor">KGF</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FGF7" title="FGF7">FGF7</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">FGF10</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF22" title="FGF22">FGF22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">FGF8</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF17" title="FGF17">FGF17</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">FGF18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">FGF9</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF16" title="FGF16">FGF16</a>/<a href="/wiki/FGF20" title="FGF20">FGF20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>FGF homologous factors:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FGF11" title="FGF11">FGF11</a>(FHF3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF12" title="FGF12">FGF12</a>(FHF1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF13" title="FGF13">FGF13</a>(FHF2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF14" title="FGF14">FGF14</a>(FHF4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>hormone-like:</i> <a href="/wiki/FGF15/19" title="FGF15/19">FGF15/19</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FGF15" title="FGF15">FGF15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF19" title="FGF19">FGF19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF21" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF21">FGF21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_23" title="Fibroblast growth factor 23">FGF23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/EGF-like_domain" title="EGF-like domain">EGF-like domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TGF_alpha" title="TGF alpha">TGFα</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor" title="Epidermal growth factor">EGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">HB-EGF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_signaling_pathway" title="TGF beta signaling pathway">TGFβ pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta" title="Transforming growth factor beta">TGFβ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_1" title="TGF beta 1">TGFβ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_2" title="TGF beta 2">TGFβ2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_3" class="mw-redirect" title="TGF beta 3">TGFβ3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insulin/IGF/Relaxin_family" title="Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family">Insulin/IGF/<br />Relaxin family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor" title="Insulin-like growth factor">Insulin-like growth factor</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">IGF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">IGF2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Relaxin_family_peptide_hormones" title="Relaxin family peptide hormones">Relaxin family peptide hormones</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INSL3" title="INSL3">INSL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSL4" title="INSL4">INSL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSL5" title="INSL5">INSL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSL6" class="mw-redirect" title="INSL6">INSL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxin" title="Relaxin">Relaxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RLN1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RLN1 (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RLN2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RLN2 (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxin-3" title="Relaxin-3">3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Platelet-derived</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">PDGFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">PDGFB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDGFC" title="PDGFC">PDGFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDGFD" title="PDGFD">PDGFD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">Vascular endothelial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_A" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor A">VEGF-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_B" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor B">VEGF-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_C" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor C">VEGF-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-fos_induced_growth_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="C-fos induced growth factor">VEGF-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placental_growth_factor" title="Placental growth factor">PGF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">Nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor">Hepatocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tumor_suppressor_genes_and_Oncogenes246" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tumor_suppressor_genes_and_oncogenes" title="Template:Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tumor_suppressor_genes_and_oncogenes" title="Template talk:Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tumor_suppressor_genes_and_oncogenes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tumor_suppressor_genes_and_Oncogenes246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene" title="Tumor suppressor gene">Tumor suppressor genes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oncogene" title="Oncogene">Oncogenes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">Ligand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Growth_factors18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Growth_factor" title="Growth factor">Growth factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ONCO4" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">c-Sis/PDGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor">HGF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt signaling pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TSP3" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDH1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDH1 (gene)">CDH1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_signaling_pathway" title="Hedgehog signaling pathway">Hedgehog signaling pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TSP3" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PTCH1" title="PTCH1">PTCH1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_signaling_pathway" title="TGF beta signaling pathway">TGF beta signaling pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TSP3" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_receptor_2" title="TGF beta receptor 2">TGF beta receptor 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">Receptor tyrosine kinase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ONCO4" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ErbB" title="ErbB">ErbB</a>/<a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">c-ErbB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">HER2/neu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERBB3" title="ERBB3">Her 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Met" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Met">c-Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">c-Ret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway" title="JAK-STAT signaling pathway">JAK-STAT signaling pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ONCO4" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">c-Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD135" title="CD135">Flt3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intracellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins">Intracellular signaling P+Ps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt signaling pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta-catenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-catenin">Beta-catenin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenomatosis_polyposis_coli" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenomatosis polyposis coli">APC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_signaling_pathway" title="TGF beta signaling pathway">TGF beta signaling pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TSP3" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_2" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2">SMAD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_4" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4">SMAD4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Akt/PKB_signaling_pathway" title="Akt/PKB signaling pathway">Akt/PKB signaling pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AKT" class="mw-redirect" title="AKT">c-Akt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PTEN_(gene)" title="PTEN (gene)">PTEN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hippo_signaling_pathway" title="Hippo signaling pathway">Hippo signaling pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TSP3" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_(protein)" title="Merlin (protein)">Neurofibromin 2/Merlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MAPK/ERK_pathway" title="MAPK/ERK pathway">MAPK/ERK pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ras_(protein)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras (protein)">c-Ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRAS" title="HRAS">HRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Raf" title="C-Raf">c-Raf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neurofibromin" title="Neurofibromin">Neurofibromin 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-oncogene_tyrosine-protein_kinase_Src" title="Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src">c-Src</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maspin" title="Maspin">Maspin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">Nucleus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">Cell cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_4" title="Cyclin-dependent kinase 4">CDK4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_D" title="Cyclin D">Cyclin D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclin_E" title="Cyclin E">Cyclin E</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P53" title="P53">p53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoblastoma_protein" title="Retinoblastoma protein">pRb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WT1" class="mw-redirect" title="WT1">WT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P16_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="P16 (gene)">p16</a>/<a href="/wiki/P14arf" title="P14arf">p14arf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA_repair" title="DNA repair">DNA repair</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fanconi_anemia" title="Fanconi anemia">Fanconi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TSP3" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRCA1" title="BRCA1">BRCA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRCA2" title="BRCA2">BRCA2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitin_ligase" title="Ubiquitin ligase">Ubiquitin ligase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBL_(gene)" title="CBL (gene)">CBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mdm2" title="Mdm2">MDM2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Von_Hippel%E2%80%93Lindau_tumor_suppressor" title="Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor">VHL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">Transcription factor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ONCO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor" title="AP-1 transcription factor">AP-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-Fos" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Fos">c-Fos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-jun" class="mw-redirect" title="C-jun">c-Jun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myc" title="Myc">c-Myc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLF6" title="KLF6">KLF6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrion" title="Mitochondrion">Mitochondrion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Apoptosis_inhibitor46" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inhibitor_of_apoptosis" title="Inhibitor of apoptosis">Apoptosis inhibitor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SDHB" title="SDHB">SDHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDHD" title="SDHD">SDHD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bcl-2" title="Bcl-2">c-Bcl-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notch_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Notch signaling">Notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stathmin" title="Stathmin">Stathmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Growth_factor_receptor_modulators607" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Growth_factor_receptor_modulators607" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Growth_factor_receptor" title="Growth factor receptor">Growth factor receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_receptor" title="Angiopoietin receptor">Angiopoietin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_1" title="Angiopoietin 1">Angiopoietin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 4">Angiopoietin 4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 2">Angiopoietin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiopoietin_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiopoietin 3 (page does not exist)">Angiopoietin 3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Evinacumab" title="Evinacumab">Evinacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesvacumab" title="Nesvacumab">Nesvacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Axokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Axokine">Axokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapiclermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dapiclermin (page does not exist)">Dapiclermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF (ErbB)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF<br /><small>(ErbB1/HER1)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Amphiregulin" title="Amphiregulin">Amphiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor" title="Epidermal growth factor">EGF (urogastrone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiregulin" title="Epiregulin">Epiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murodermin" title="Murodermin">Murodermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepidermin" title="Nepidermin">Nepidermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor alpha">Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigatinib" title="Brigatinib">Brigatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canertinib" title="Canertinib">Canertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacomitinib" title="Dacomitinib">Dacomitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlotinib" title="Erlotinib">Erlotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefitinib" title="Gefitinib">Gefitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandinin" title="Grandinin">Grandinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icotinib" title="Icotinib">Icotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osimertinib" title="Osimertinib">Osimertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">Cetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depatuxizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depatuxizumab (page does not exist)">Depatuxizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depatuxizumab_mafodotin" title="Depatuxizumab mafodotin">Depatuxizumab mafodotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuximab" title="Futuximab">Futuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imgatuzumab" title="Imgatuzumab">Imgatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matuzumab" title="Matuzumab">Matuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necitumumab" title="Necitumumab">Necitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimotuzumab" title="Nimotuzumab">Nimotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitumumab" title="Panitumumab">Panitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalutumumab" title="Zalutumumab">Zalutumumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">ErbB2/HER2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <i>Unknown/none</i></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ertumaxomab" title="Ertumaxomab">Ertumaxomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertuzumab" title="Pertuzumab">Pertuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan" title="Trastuzumab deruxtecan">Trastuzumab deruxtecan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trastuzumab_duocarmazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trastuzumab duocarmazine (page does not exist)">Trastuzumab duocarmazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_emtansine" title="Trastuzumab emtansine">Trastuzumab emtansine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubritinib" title="Mubritinib">Mubritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucatinib" title="Tucatinib">Tucatinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER3" class="mw-redirect" title="HER3">ErbB3/HER3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSPG5" title="CSPG5">6 (neuroglycan C)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Duligotumab" class="mw-redirect" title="Duligotumab">Duligotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patritumab" title="Patritumab">Patritumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seribantumab" title="Seribantumab">Seribantumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER4" class="mw-redirect" title="HER4">ErbB4/HER4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG4" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG4">4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomoregulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomoregulin (page does not exist)">5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF)</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor">FGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">FGFR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF20" title="FGF20">20</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velafermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velafermin (page does not exist)">Velafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">FGFR2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF7" title="FGF7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keratinocyte_growth_factor" title="Keratinocyte growth factor">KGF</a>), <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF17" title="FGF17">17</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF22" title="FGF22">22</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palifermin" title="Palifermin">Palifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab (page does not exist)">Aprutumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab_ixadotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab ixadotin (page does not exist)">Aprutumab ixadotin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Infigratinib" title="Infigratinib">Infigratinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">FGFR3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF23" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF23">23</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Burosumab" title="Burosumab">Burosumab</a> (against FGF23)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">FGFR4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF19" title="FGF19">19</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/FGF15/19" title="FGF15/19">FGF15/19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor_receptor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor receptor">HGF (c-Met)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fosgonimeton" title="Fosgonimeton">Fosgonimeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor">Hepatocyte growth factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Potentiators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dihexa" title="Dihexa">Dihexa (PNB-0408)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM7_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM7 (drug) (page does not exist)">AM7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMG-458&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMG-458 (page does not exist)">AMG-458</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amuvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amuvatinib (page does not exist)">Amuvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-777607&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-777607 (page does not exist)">BMS-777607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capmatinib" title="Capmatinib">Capmatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foretinib" title="Foretinib">Foretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golvatinib (page does not exist)">Golvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=INCB28060&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INCB28060 (page does not exist)">INCB28060</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-38877605&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-38877605 (page does not exist)">JNJ-38877605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-2461&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-2461 (page does not exist)">MK-2461</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-04217903&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-04217903 (page does not exist)">PF-04217903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-2341066&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-2341066 (page does not exist)">PF-2341066</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHA-665752&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHA-665752 (page does not exist)">PHA-665752</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SU-11274&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SU-11274 (page does not exist)">SU-11274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivantinib" title="Tivantinib">Tivantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volitinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Volitinib">Volitinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emibetuzumab" title="Emibetuzumab">Emibetuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficlatuzumab" title="Ficlatuzumab">Ficlatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanvotumab" title="Flanvotumab">Flanvotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onartuzumab" title="Onartuzumab">Onartuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilotumumab" title="Rilotumumab">Rilotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telisotuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telisotuzumab (page does not exist)">Telisotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telisotuzumab_vedotin" title="Telisotuzumab vedotin">Telisotuzumab vedotin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Somatomedin_receptor" title="Somatomedin receptor">IGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">IGF-1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Des(1-3)IGF-1" title="Des(1-3)IGF-1">des(1-3)IGF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGF-1_LR3" title="IGF-1 LR3">IGF-1 LR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin" title="Mecasermin">Mecasermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin_rinfabate" title="Mecasermin rinfabate">Mecasermin rinfabate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-754807&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-754807 (page does not exist)">BMS-754807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsitinib" title="Linsitinib">Linsitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-ADW742&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-ADW742 (page does not exist)">NVP-ADW742</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-AEW541&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-AEW541 (page does not exist)">NVP-AEW541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSl-906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSl-906 (page does not exist)">OSl-906</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVE-1642&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVE-1642 (page does not exist)">AVE-1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixutumumab" title="Cixutumumab">Cixutumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalotuzumab" title="Dalotuzumab">Dalotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figitumumab" title="Figitumumab">Figitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganitumab" title="Ganitumab">Ganitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robatumumab" title="Robatumumab">Robatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R1507&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R1507 (page does not exist)">R1507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor">IGF-2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dusigitumab" title="Dusigitumab">Dusigitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Binding proteins:</i> <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor-binding_protein" title="Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein">IGFBP</a> (<a href="/wiki/IGFBP1" title="IGFBP1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP2" title="IGFBP2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP3" title="IGFBP3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP4" title="IGFBP4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP5" title="IGFBP5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP6" title="IGFBP6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP7" title="IGFBP7">7</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glypromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glypromate (page does not exist)">Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trofinetide" title="Trofinetide">Trofinetide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">LNGF (p75<sup>NTR</sup>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVT-901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVT-901 (page does not exist)">EVT-901 (SAR-127963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=LEVI-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEVI-04 (page does not exist)">LEVI-04 (p75<sup>NTR</sup>-Fc)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor receptor">PDGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Becaplermin" title="Becaplermin">Becaplermin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Platelet-derived growth factor</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFC" title="PDGFC">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFD" title="PDGFD">D</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avapritinib" title="Avapritinib">Avapritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenolanib" title="Crenolanib">Crenolanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radotinib" title="Radotinib">Radotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Olaratumab" title="Olaratumab">Olaratumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovetumab" title="Tovetumab">Tovetumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">RET (GFL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B11" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα1">GFRα1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glial_cell_line-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor">Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liatermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liatermin (page does not exist)">Liatermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B12" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα2">GFRα2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neurturin" title="Neurturin">Neurturin (NRTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B13" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα3">GFRα3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Artemin" title="Artemin">Artemin (ARTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B14" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα4">GFRα4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Persephin" title="Persephin">Persephin (PSPN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">SCF (c-Kit)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ancestim" title="Ancestim">Ancestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_factor" title="Stem cell factor">Stem cell factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasatinib" title="Dasatinib">Dasatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotinib" title="Nilotinib">Nilotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor beta receptor">TGFβ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TGF%CE%B2_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Trk_receptor" title="Trk receptor">Trk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkA_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkA receptor">TrkA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambogic_amide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambogic amide (page does not exist)">Gambogic amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavilermide" title="Tavilermide">Tavilermide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FX007" class="mw-redirect" title="FX007">FX007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Negative allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=VM-902A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VM-902A (page does not exist)">VM-902A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milciclib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milciclib (page does not exist)">Milciclib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SNA-120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNA-120 (page does not exist)">SNA-120 (pegylated K252a)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against TrkA:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=GBR-900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GBR-900 (page does not exist)">GBR-900</a>; <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ReN-1820&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ReN-1820 (page does not exist)">ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkB_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkB receptor">TrkB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7,8,2%27-Tetrahydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7,8,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone">4'-DMA-7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,3%E2%80%B2-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,3′-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,3'-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8-Dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="7,8-Dihydroxyflavone">7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8,2%27-Trihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8,2'-Trihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8,3%27-Trihydroxyflavone" title="7,8,3'-Trihydroxyflavone">7,8,3'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxygedunin" title="Deoxygedunin">Deoxygedunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprenyl" title="Deprenyl">Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmetin" title="Diosmetin">Diosmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DMAQ-B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMAQ-B1 (page does not exist)">DMAQ-B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIOC" title="HIOC">HIOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LM22A-4" title="LM22A-4">LM22A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin" title="N-Acetylserotonin">N-Acetylserotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwogonin" title="Norwogonin">Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R7_(drug)" title="R7 (drug)">R7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R13_(drug)" title="R13 (drug)">R13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TDP6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TDP6 (page does not exist)">TDP6</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/ANA-12" title="ANA-12">ANA-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossypetin" title="Gossypetin">Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Ligands:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkC_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkC receptor">TrkC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor">VEGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Placental_growth_factor" title="Placental growth factor">Placental growth factor (PGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telbermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telbermin (page does not exist)">Telbermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">VEGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_A" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_B" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_C" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor D">D (FIGF)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cediranib" title="Cediranib">Cediranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruquintinib" title="Fruquintinib">Fruquintinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegaptanib" title="Pegaptanib">Pegaptanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regorafenib" title="Regorafenib">Regorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaxanib" title="Semaxanib">Semaxanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivozanib" title="Tivozanib">Tivozanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alacizumab_pegol" title="Alacizumab pegol">Alacizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icrucumab" title="Icrucumab">Icrucumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranibizumab" title="Ranibizumab">Ranibizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aflibercept" title="Aflibercept">Aflibercept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Adrenomedullin" title="Adrenomedullin">Adrenomedullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor" title="Colony-stimulating factor">Colony-stimulating factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_growth_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Connective tissue growth factor">Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrin" title="Ephrin">Ephrins</a> (<a href="/wiki/EFNA1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA2">A2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA3">A3</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA4" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA4">A4</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA5" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA5">A5</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB1">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB2">B2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB3">B3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin" title="Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_isomerase" title="Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase">Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glia_maturation_factor" title="Glia maturation factor">Glia maturation factor (GMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoma-derived_growth_factor" title="Hepatoma-derived growth factor">Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukins</a>/<a href="/wiki/T-cell_growth_factor" title="T-cell growth factor">T-cell growth factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage-stimulating_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophage-stimulating protein">Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midkine" title="Midkine">Midkine (NEGF2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration-stimulating factor">Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncomodulin" title="Oncomodulin">Oncomodulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_adenylate_cyclase-activating_peptide" title="Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide">Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiotrophin" title="Pleiotrophin">Pleiotrophin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renalase" title="Renalase">Renalase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin" title="Thrombopoietin">Thrombopoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt signaling proteins</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factor receptor modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cerebrolysin" title="Cerebrolysin">Cerebrolysin</a> (neurotrophin mixture)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&oldid=1253368017">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&oldid=1253368017</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Growth_factors" title="Category:Growth factors">Growth factors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protein_domains" title="Category:Protein domains">Protein domains</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2007" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 16:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Platelet-derived_growth_factor&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Platelet-derived growth factor</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>16 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-84749c7844-s4hhc","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.732","walltime":"0.860","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4114,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":313392,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3166,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":172829,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 697.571 1 -total"," 46.08% 321.440 1 Template:Reflist"," 35.92% 250.594 31 Template:Navbox"," 35.67% 248.821 29 Template:Cite_journal"," 17.33% 120.859 1 Template:Signaling_proteins"," 10.45% 72.920 2 Template:Short_description"," 9.28% 64.703 2 Template:Infobox"," 8.57% 59.762 1 Template:Infobox_protein_family"," 5.61% 39.137 1 Template:Oncogenes"," 5.31% 37.067 4 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.459","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6891216,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7777d9bc4f-vpv55","timestamp":"20250204083525","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Platelet-derived growth factor","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Platelet-derived_growth_factor","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q22327352","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q22327352","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-09-25T02:01:19Z","dateModified":"2024-10-25T16:31:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ee\/1pdg.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>