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life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accession_to_the_throne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession_to_the_throne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Accession to the throne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession_to_the_throne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_Southern_Tang_ruler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_Southern_Tang_ruler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>As Southern Tang ruler</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_Southern_Tang_ruler-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle As Southern Tang ruler subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-As_Southern_Tang_ruler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appeasing_the_Song_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appeasing_the_Song_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Appeasing the Song Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appeasing_the_Song_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Successive_deaths_in_the_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successive_deaths_in_the_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Successive deaths in the family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Successive_deaths_in_the_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths_of_Lin_Renzhao_and_Pan_You" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths_of_Lin_Renzhao_and_Pan_You"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Deaths of Lin Renzhao and Pan You</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths_of_Lin_Renzhao_and_Pan_You-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall_of_Southern_Tang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_Southern_Tang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Fall of Southern Tang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_Southern_Tang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Writing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cí_poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cí_poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span><i>Cí</i> poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cí_poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetry_Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry_Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Poetry Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry_Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shi_poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shi_poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span><i>Shi</i> poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shi_poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prose_writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prose_writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Prose writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prose_writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calligraphy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calligraphy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Calligraphy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calligraphy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Television series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button 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</div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Li Yu (Southern Tang)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AD_Io%CC%8Dk" title="Lí Io̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lí Io̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%AE%D0%B9_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%82)" title="Лі Юй (паэт) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лі Юй (паэт)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu" title="Li Yu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Li Yu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_J%C3%BC_(Ji%C5%BEn%C3%AD_Tchang)" title="Li Jü (Jižní Tchang) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Li Jü (Jižní Tchang)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Houzhu" title="Li Houzhu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Li Houzhu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu" title="Li Yu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Li Yu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Ju" title="Li Ju – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Li Ju" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_(937-978)" title="Li Yu (937-978) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Li Yu (937-978)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%B1" title="이욱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이욱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%85%9C" title="李煜 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="李煜" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Houzhu" title="Li Houzhu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Li Houzhu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%AE%D0%B9_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%82)" title="Ли Юй (поэт) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ли Юй (поэт)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%88%D0%B8" title="Ли Ји – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ли Ји" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Houzhu" title="Li Houzhu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Li Houzhu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Houzhu" title="Li Houzhu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Li Houzhu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_av_S%C3%B6dra_Tang" title="Li Yu av Södra Tang – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Li Yu av Södra Tang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%AE%D0%B9" title="Лі Юй – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лі Юй" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_D%E1%BB%A5c" title="Lý Dục – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lý Dục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%BB" title="南唐後主 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="南唐後主" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%85%9C" title="李煜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="李煜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%85%9C" title="李煜 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="李煜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%85%9C" title="李煜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="李煜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q378528#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Li_Congke" title="Li Congke">Li Congke</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Li Yu<br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李煜</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Ruler of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sovereign" title="Chinese sovereign">(more...)</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Li_Yu_scth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Li_Yu_scth.jpg/220px-Li_Yu_scth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Li_Yu_scth.jpg/330px-Li_Yu_scth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Li_Yu_scth.jpg/440px-Li_Yu_scth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="745" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">an illustration from <i><a href="/wiki/Sancai_Tuhui" title="Sancai Tuhui">Sancai Tuhui</a></i> (1609)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd and last ruler<sup id="cite_ref-king_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Southern Tang</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">summer 961 – 1 January 976<sup id="cite_ref-xzztjcb16_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xzztjcb16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Li Jing</a>, father</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">937 or early 938<sup id="cite_ref-birthyear_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birthyear-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />likely modern <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, Southern Tang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">978-08-15</span>)</span>15 August 978 (aged 40–41<sup id="cite_ref-ss478_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ss478-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<br />modern <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Northern_Song,_960–1127" title="Song dynasty">Northern Song</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Zhou_the_Elder" title="Queen Zhou the Elder">Queen Zhou the Elder</a> (dec. 965)</li><li>Queen Zhou the Younger</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Successive_deaths_in_the_family">Another son died young</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Li Zhongyu, son</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">Surname</a>: Lǐ (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:李">李</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_given_name" title="Chinese given name">Given name</a>: Cóngjiā (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:從">從</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%98%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:嘉">嘉</a>), later changed to Yù (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%85%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:煜">煜</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy name</a>: Chóngguāng (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:重">重</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:光">光</a>)<br /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Royal titles</b></div><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Before enthronement:</span></i><br />Before 959: Duke of Anding 安定公<br />959–961: Prince of Wu 吳王<br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">As ruler of Southern Tang:</span></i><br />961–971: King of Tang 唐國主<br />971–975: King of Jiangnan 江南國主<br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">After surrender:</span></i><br />After 975: Marquess Wei Ming 違命侯</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Era dates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Jianlong (建隆):<sup id="cite_ref-eraname_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eraname-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 961<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–963<br />Qiande (乾德):<sup id="cite_ref-eraname_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eraname-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 963–968<br />Kaibao (開寶):<sup id="cite_ref-eraname_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eraname-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 968–974<br /><i>None</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 974–975</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><i>None</i></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Li</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Li Jing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhong" title="Empress Zhong">Empress Zhong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Li_(surname_%E6%9D%8E)" title="Li (surname 李)">Li</a></i>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Li Yu</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:李">李</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%85%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:煜">煜</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Lǐ Yù</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Li Yu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">李煜</span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 937<sup id="cite_ref-birthyear_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birthyear-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 15 August 978<sup id="cite_ref-ss478_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ss478-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), before 961 known as <b>Li Congjia</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">李從嘉</span></span>), also known as <b>Li Houzhu</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李後主</span></span>; literally "Last Ruler Li" or "Last Lord Li") or <b>Last Lord of Southern Tang</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南唐後主</span></span>), was the third <a href="/wiki/Chinese_sovereign" title="Chinese sovereign">ruler</a><sup id="cite_ref-king_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang dynasty</a> of China during the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>. He reigned from 961 until 976, when he was captured by the invading <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Northern_Song,_960–1127" title="Song dynasty">Northern Song dynasty</a> armies which annexed his state. </p><p>Li Yu was sentenced to death by poisoning by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizong of Song">Emperor Taizong of Song</a> after 2 years as an exiled prisoner. </p><p>Li Yu was an incompetent ruler<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and poisoned Lin Renzhao and Pan You (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E4%BD%91" class="extiw" title="zh:潘佑">潘佑</a>) to death.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq24_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq24-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-歐陽修2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-歐陽修2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parents </p> <ul><li>Father: <a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Li Jing</a></li> <li>Mother: <a href="/wiki/Empress_Guangmu" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Guangmu">Empress Guangmu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">光穆皇后</span></span>; d.965) of the Zhong clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鍾氏</span></span>)</li></ul> <p>Consort and their respective issue(s) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Zhou_the_Elder" title="Queen Zhou the Elder">Queen Zhaohui</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">昭惠國后</span></span>), of the Zhou clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周氏</span></span>), personal name Ehuang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">娥皇</span></span>) <ul><li>Li Zhongyu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李仲寓</span></span>; 958–994), Duke Qingyuan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">清源郡公</span></span>), first son</li> <li>Li Zhongxuan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李仲宣</span></span>; 961–964), Prince Huaixian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">岐懷獻王</span></span>), second son</li></ul></li> <li>Queen Zhou the Younger (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">小周后</span></span>), of the Zhou clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周氏</span></span>)</li> <li>Baoyi, of the Huang clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">保儀黃氏</span></span>)</li> <li>Gongren, of the Bao clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宮人喬氏</span></span>)</li> <li>Gongren, of the Zang clan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宮人臧氏</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the same <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese year</a> <b>Li Congjia</b> was born, his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Li_Bian" title="Li Bian">Xu Zhigao, also known as Xu Gao (Li Bian)</a> founded the state Qi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">齊</span></span>), renaming it Tang (known as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a>) 2 years later. When Li Congjia was 6, his father <a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Li Jing</a> became the next Southern Tang <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor</a>. With Li Jing naming his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Li_Jingsui" title="Li Jingsui">Li Jingsui</a> his <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a>, his sixth eldest son Li Congjia seemed unlikely to ever succeed the throne. However, many of Li Congjia's brothers died very young, and after the death of the second eldest brother Li Hongmao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李弘茂</span></span>) in 951, Li Congjia all of a sudden found himself right behind <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Hongji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Hongji (page does not exist)">Li Hongji</a> — the eldest brother — and uncle Li Jingsui in the succession line.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq19_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq19-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wdsj62_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdsj62-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Hongji, a withdrawn and troubled young man, resented his <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a> uncle, whom he saw as a political enemy standing in his way. He also disliked his younger brother Li Congjia, even though they shared the same biological mother, <a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhong" title="Empress Zhong">Empress Zhong</a>. Fearing the possible results of this family enmity, Li Congjia tried hard to be inconspicuous and focused on the arts, including poetry, painting and music. He loved reading, a passion encouraged by his father, also an acclaimed poet.<sup id="cite_ref-kurz91_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kurz91-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 17, Li Congjia married <a href="/wiki/Queen_Zhou_the_Elder" title="Queen Zhou the Elder">Zhou Ehuang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor (China)">chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Zong" title="Zhou Zong">Zhou Zong</a>'s daughter and a year his senior. Lady Zhou was not only highly educated but also multi-talented in music and the arts and the young couple enjoyed a very intimate relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq18_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accession_to_the_throne">Accession to the throne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Accession to the throne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 955, a year after Li Congjia's marriage, Southern Tang was invaded by <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a>. The resistance war did not end until spring 958, after Li Jing ceded all <a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture (China)">prefectures</a> north of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> River to his powerful northern neighbor. Li Jing also relinquished all imperial trappings, degrading his own title from <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor</a> to king (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">國主</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq16_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national humiliation was soon followed by familial tragedy: later that year Li Hongji poisoned uncle Li Jingsui to death, which was followed by his own death a few months later, allegedly hastened by many encounters with Li Jingsui's vengeful ghost.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq19_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq19-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not long after Li Hongji's death in 959, Li Congjia was given the post of royal secretary (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尚書令</span></span>) so that he could familiarize himself of governmental affairs. However, despite being the king's eldest surviving son, a few ministers considered him too dissolute and weak for the crown prince position, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhong_Mo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhong Mo (page does not exist)">Zhong Mo</a>, who pleaded to have Li Congjia's younger brother <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Congshan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Congshan (page does not exist)">Li Congshan</a> chosen instead. Li Jing found Zhong's suggestion offensive and demoted him.<sup id="cite_ref-wdsj62_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdsj62-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sgcq17_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq17-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suffering from poor health, Li Jing decided to transfer all responsibilities to his successor. He named Li Congjia the crown prince in spring 961 to take over in the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> Jinling (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金陵</span></span>; modern <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>) while he retired to the southern city of Hongzhou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洪州</span></span>; modern <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>). A few months later he died, and Li Congjia officially succeeded the throne, not without a last-second effort by Li Congshan to challenge him. By then Zhong Mo had also died, so Li Congshan asked chancellor <a href="/wiki/Xu_You_(Southern_Tang)" title="Xu You (Southern Tang)">Xu You</a> to bring Li Jing's last will to him. Xu refused and confided in Li Congjia of Li Congshan's intentions. Li Congjia — changing his name to <b>Li Yu</b> — did not punish his younger brother other than a slight demotion.<sup id="cite_ref-kurz91_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kurz91-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_Southern_Tang_ruler">As Southern Tang ruler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: As Southern Tang ruler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appeasing_the_Song_Dynasty">Appeasing the Song Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Appeasing the Song Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A year before Li Yu ascended the throne, Southern Tang's nominal overlord Later Zhou had been replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> established by former Later Zhou general <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Zhao Kuangyin</a>, who had earlier participated in several campaigns against Southern Tang. Knowing the limit of Southern Tang's military strength and trying hard to be subservient to the northern court, Li Yu immediately sent a high official <a href="/wiki/Feng_Yanlu" title="Feng Yanlu">Feng Yanlu</a> with a letter — whose language was of extreme humility<sup id="cite_ref-bryantxxiv_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryantxxiv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — to inform Song of his succession. Things got to a rocky start: during his accession to the throne Li Yu built a golden rooster, a symbol of imperial power, the news of which infuriated Zhao Kuangyin. In the end, the Southern Tang ambassador in the Song capital of Bianliang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汴梁</span></span>; modern <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>) had to give the explanation that the golden rooster was actually a "weird bird" to satisfy the Song emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq17_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq17-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such an embarrassing relationship would define Li's entire reign, as tribute payments, both regular and irregular, drained the Southern Tang treasury. Essentially Li was ready to fulfill Emperor Taizu of Song's every demand except go to Bianliang himself. In 963, Li Congshan who accompanied a tributary mission was held hostage in Bianliang and had to write letters on behalf of the Song emperor asking his elder brother also join him at the Song court. Li Yu, naturally, did not heed the request.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq19_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq19-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Successive_deaths_in_the_family">Successive deaths in the family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Successive deaths in the family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Yu remained close to his wife <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Ehuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou Ehuang">Zhou Ehuang</a> — Queen Zhou — so close that he sometimes canceled government meetings to enjoy her performances. The absences continued until a censor (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">監察御史</span></span>) spoke out against it.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq18_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In around 964, the second of the couple's two sons, a three-year-old still called by his <a href="/wiki/Milk_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk name">milk name</a> Ruibao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">瑞保</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> died unexpectedly. Li would mourn his son by himself so as not to sadden his wife more than necessary,<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq19_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq19-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Queen Zhou was completely devastated and quickly deteriorated in health. During her illness, Li attended her and did not disrobe for days.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq18_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the queen finally succumbed to illness, Li mourned so bitterly until "his bones stuck out and he could stand up only with the aid of a staff."<sup id="cite_ref-bryantxxiv_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryantxxiv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to several grieving poems, he chiseled the roughly 2000 characters of his "Dirge for the Zhaohui Queen Zhou" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">昭惠周后誄</span></span>) — "Zhaohui" being her <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous name</a> — to her headstone himself.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq18_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the dirge read (as translated by Daniel Bryant):<sup id="cite_ref-bryant118_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryant118-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td width="30pt"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>孰謂逝者 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Who is it says, of those departed,</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>荏苒彌疏 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>they grow more remote as times goes by?</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>我思姝子 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>I long for her, that beautiful lady,</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>永念猶初 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>eternally remembering, just as at first.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>愛而不見 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>"I love her but I cannot see her";</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>我心毀如 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>my heart seems to blaze and burn.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>寒暑斯疚 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>With chills and fever I am afflicted,</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>吾寧禦諸 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>can I ever overcome this?</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Li Yu cheated on his wife while she was dying. During her last days he also engaged in a secret sexual relationship with Queen Zhou the Younger, the queen's younger sister, who was only around 14 at that time. Worst of all, the queen discovered the "affair"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which probably hastened her demise and multiplied Li Yu's regret. A few months later, in late 965, disaster stroke again: Queen Dowager Zhong died after several months of attentive care-taking by Li. The subsequent mourning period delayed Li's marriage to the younger Lady Zhou until 968.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq18_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq18-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deaths_of_Lin_Renzhao_and_Pan_You">Deaths of Lin Renzhao and Pan You</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Deaths of Lin Renzhao and Pan You"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After conquering <a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> region and <a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a>, the Song Dynasty army set off to invade <a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a> in 971, Southern Tang's southwestern neighbor. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin_Renzhao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin Renzhao (page does not exist)">Lin Renzhao</a>, the Southern Tang <a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">military governor</a> of Zhenhai Command (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">鎮海軍</span></span>) centering in <a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>), believed the opportunity golden to attack the Song cities around <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a> (in modern Jiangsu) as the main Song army would be a long distance away and already severely fatigued. Li Yu immediately rejected Lin's request: "Stop the nonsense talks, (stop) destroying (our) country!"<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq24_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq24-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>What Li was perhaps unaware was a year before, the Song military had gotten hold of an important chart with detailed measurements of Yangtze River crossing points, provided by a Southern Tang defector named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_Ruoshui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan Ruoshui (page does not exist)">Fan Ruoshui</a>. After the conquest of Southern Han, their next step was to eliminate Lin Renzhao. In 974, Emperor Taizu of Song got hold of a Lin portrait through <a href="/wiki/Spy" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy">agents</a> working in Southern Tang, and Li Congshan, the hostage kept in Bianliang, was then made to believe that Lin's loyalty was with Song. When Li Yu was told of this, he without a thorough investigation secretly poisoned Lin to death. Chancellor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Qiao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Qiao (page does not exist)">Chen Qiao</a> angrily reacted to Lin's death: "Seeing loyal ministers killed, I don't know where I will die!"<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq24_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq24-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Yu also murdered <a href="/wiki/Pan_You" title="Pan You">Pan You</a> (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E4%BD%91" class="extiw" title="zh:潘佑">潘佑</a>) by poisoning him.<sup id="cite_ref-sgcq24_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgcq24-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-歐陽修2015_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-歐陽修2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fall_of_Southern_Tang">Fall of Southern Tang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fall of Southern Tang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Southern_Tang_by_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Southern Tang by Song">Conquest of Southern Tang by Song</a></div> <p>Li was an incompetent ruler who spent more time on literature and art, with little regard to the Song dynasty that was eyeing its weaker neighbor. In 971, Houzhu dropped the name of Tang from its Kingdom's name, in a desperate move to please the mighty <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a>. </p><p>Of the many other kingdoms surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a>, only <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a> to the east had yet to fall. The Southern Tang's turn came in 974, when, after several refusals to summons to the Song court, on the excuse of illness, <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> armies invaded. After a year long siege of the Southern Tang capital, modern <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, Li Houzhu surrendered in 975. He and his family were taken as captives to the <a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Dynasty">Song</a> capital at present-day <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a later poem, Li wrote about the shame and regret he had on the day he was taken away from Jinling (as translated by Hsiung Ting<sup id="cite_ref-hsiung332_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsiung332-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>): </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td width="30pt"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>四十年來家國 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>For forty years my country and my home —</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>三千里地山河 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Three thousand <a href="/wiki/Li_(unit)" title="Li (unit)">li</a> of mountains and rivers.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>鳳閣龍樓連霄漢 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>The Phoenix Pavilion and Dragon Tower reaching up to the Milky Way,</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>玉樹瓊枝作烟蘿 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Jade trees and jasper branches forming a cloudy net —</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>幾曾識干戈 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Not once did I touch sword or spear!</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>一旦歸為臣虜 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Suddenly I became a captive slave.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>沈腰潘鬢銷磨 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Frail my waist, gray my temples, grinding away.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>最是倉皇辭廟日 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Never shall I forget the day when I bade hasty farewell at the ancestral temple.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>教坊猶奏別離歌 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>The court musicians played the farewell songs,</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>揮淚對宮娥 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>My tears streamed as I gazed at the court maidens.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was poisoned by the <a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Dynasty">Song</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizong of Song">Taizong</a> in 978, after he had written a poem that, in a veiled manner, lamented the destruction of his empire and the rape of his second wife Empress Zhou the Younger by the Song emperor. After his death, he was posthumously created the Prince of Wu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">吳王</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li was interested in <a href="/wiki/Ci_(poetry)" title="Ci (poetry)"><i>cí</i></a> poetry, which sometimes seems to characterize poetry of the Song Dynasty. However, he is not a Song poet: the Southern Tang is more a successor of Tang and precursor of the Song side that existed during the <a href="/wiki/Tang-Song_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang-Song transition">Tang-Song transition</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>. Li Yu represents both a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_poetry" title="Tang poetry">Tang poetry</a> tradition, as well as representing the <i>cí</i> poetic style associated with the poetry of Song. </p><p>Li Houzhu devoted much of his time to pleasure-making and literature, and this is reflected in his early poems. A second phase of Li's <i>cí</i> poems seems to have been the development of an even sadder style after the death of his wife, in 964.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis,_xx_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis,_xx-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His saddest, poems were composed during the years of his captivity, after he formally abdicated his reign to the Song, in 975. He was created the Marquess of Disobeyed Edicts (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">違命侯</span></span>), a token title only. Actually, he was a prisoner, though with the outward accoutrements of a prince. Li's works from this period dwell on his regret for the lost kingdom and the pleasures it had brought him. </p><p>He developed the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">ci</a> by broadening its scope from <a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a> to <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, particularly in his later works. He also introduced the two <a href="/wiki/Stanza" title="Stanza">stanza</a> form, and made use of contrasts between longer lines of nine <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a> and shorter ones of three and five. Only 45 of his <i>ci</i> poems survive, thirty of which have been verified to be his authentic works, the other of which are possibly composed by other writers. Also, seventeen <a href="/wiki/Shi_(poetry)" title="Shi (poetry)">shi</a> style poems remain to his credit.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis,_xx_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis,_xx-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His story is the subject of <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese operas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cí_poetry"><span id="C.C3.AD_poetry"></span><i>Cí</i> poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cí poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ci_(poetry)" title="Ci (poetry)">Ci (poetry)</a></div> <p>The roughly 40 (some of which incomplete owing to damaged manuscripts) <i>cí</i> poems possibly written by Li Yu are summarized in the table below. The <i>cí</i> as a poetic form follows set patterns or tunes (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">詞牌</span></span>). </p><p>A few poems have been set to music in modern times, most notably the three songs in <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Teng" title="Teresa Teng">Teresa Teng</a>'s 1983 album <i><a href="/wiki/Dandan_youqing" title="Dandan youqing">Light Exquisite Feelings</a></i>. Some of the songs are mentioned below. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tune</th> <th>First line</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Cǎi Sāng Zǐ (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">采桑子</span></span>)</td> <td>Lù Lú Jīn Jǐng Wú Tóng Wǎn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">轆轤金井梧桐晚</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tíng Qián Chūn Zhú Hóng Yīng Jìn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">庭前春逐紅英盡</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cháng Xiāng Sī (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">長相思</span></span>)</td> <td>Yún Yī Guā (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">雲一緺</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dǎo Liàn Zǐ Ling (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">搗練子令</span></span>)</td> <td>Shēn Yuàn Jìng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">深院靜</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dié Liàn Huā (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蝶戀花</span></span>)</td> <td>Yáo Yè Tíng Gāo Xián Xìn Bù (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">遙夜亭臯閑信步</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huàn Xī Shā (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">浣溪沙</span></span>)</td> <td>Hóng Rì Yǐ Gāo Sān Zhàng Tòu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">紅日已高三丈透</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Làng Táo Shā (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">浪淘沙</span></span>)</td> <td>Lián Wài Yǔ Chán Chán (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">簾外雨潺潺</span></span>)</td> <td>Tune written as Làng Táo Shā Lìng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">浪淘沙令</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wǎng Shì Zhǐ Kān Āi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">往事只堪哀</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Lín Jiāng Xiān (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">臨江仙</span></span>)</td> <td>Qín Lóu Bù Jiàn Chuī Xiāo Nǚ (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">秦樓不見吹簫女</span></span>)</td> <td>Tune written as Xiè Xīn Ēn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">謝新恩</span></span>)<br />Missing one <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">character</a> in the sixth line </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yīng Táo Luò Jìn Chūn Guī Qù (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">櫻桃落盡春歸去</span></span>)</td> <td>Authenticity of the last 3 lines questioned<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liǔ Zhī (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">柳枝</span></span>)</td> <td>Fēng Qíng Jiàn Lǎo Jiàn Chūn Xiū (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">風情漸老見春羞</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pò Zhèn Zǐ (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">破陣子</span></span>)</td> <td>Sì Shí Nián Lái Jiā Guó (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">四十年來家國</span></span>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shiao_Lih-ju" title="Shiao Lih-ju">Shiao Lih-ju</a> sang it in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Pú Sà Mán (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">菩薩蠻</span></span>)</td> <td>Huā Míng Yuè Àn Lóng Qīng Wù (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">花明月暗籠輕霧</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Péng Lái Yuàn Bì Tiān Tái Nǚ (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蓬萊院閉天台女</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rén Shēng Chóu Hèn Hé Néng Miǎn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">人生愁恨何能免</span></span>)</td> <td>Tune written as Zǐ Yè Gē (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">子夜歌</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tóng Huáng Yùn Cuì Qiāng Hán Zhú (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">銅簧韻脆鏘寒竹</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xún Chūn Xū Shì Xiān Chūn Zǎo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尋春須是先春早</span></span>)</td> <td>Tune written as Zǐ Yè Gē (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">子夜歌</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qīng Píng Yuè (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">清平樂</span></span>)</td> <td>Bié Lái Chūn Bàn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">別來春半</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ruǎn Láng Guī (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">阮郎歸</span></span>)</td> <td>Dōng Fēng Chuī Shuǐ Rì Xián Shān (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">東風吹水日銜山</span></span>)</td> <td>Possibly by <a href="/wiki/Feng_Yansi" class="mw-redirect" title="Feng Yansi">Feng Yansi</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sān Tái Lìng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">三臺令</span></span>)</td> <td>Bù Mèi Juàn Cháng Gèng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">不寐倦長更</span></span>)</td> <td>Authorship questioned<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Wàng Jiāng Nán (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">望江南</span></span>)</td> <td>Duō Shǎo Hèn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">多少恨</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Duō Shǎo Lèi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">多少淚</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xián Mèng Yuǎn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">閑夢遠</span></span>)<br /><b>2nd line:</b> Nán Guó Zhèng Fāng Chūn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">南國正芳春</span></span>)</td> <td rowspan="2">Tune written as Wàng Jiāng Méi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">望江梅</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xián Mèng Yuǎn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">閑夢遠</span></span>)<br /><b>2nd line:</b> Nán Guó Zhèng Qīng Qiū (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">南國正清秋</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wū Yè Tí (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">烏夜啼</span></span>)</td> <td>Zuó Yè Fēng Jiān Yǔ (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">昨夜風兼雨</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xǐ Qiān Yīng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">喜遷鶯</span></span>)</td> <td>Xiǎo Yuè Zhuì (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">曉月墜</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Xiāng Jiàn Huān (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">相見歡</span></span>)</td> <td>Lín Huā Xiè Liǎo Chūn Hóng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">林花謝了春紅</span></span>)</td> <td>Teresa Teng sang it in Mandarin<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wú Yán Dú Shàng Xī Lóu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">無言獨上西樓</span></span>)</td> <td>Teresa Teng sang it in Mandarin<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Shiao_Lih-ju" title="Shiao Lih-ju">Shiao Lih-ju</a> sang it in Mandarin<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Xiè Xīn Ēn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">謝新恩</span></span>)</td> <td>Jīn Chuāng Lì Kùn Qǐ Huán Yōng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金窗力困起還慵</span></span>)</td> <td>Missing the rest of the poem </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rǎn Rǎn Qiū Guāng Liú Bù Zhù (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">冉冉秋光留不住</span></span>)</td> <td>Possibly missing lines and/or characters<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tíng Kōng Kè Sàn Rén Guī Hòu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">庭空客散人歸後</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yīng Huā Luò Jìn Chūn Jiāng Kùn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">櫻花落盡春將困</span></span>)</td> <td>Missing 2 lines </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yīng Huā Luò Jìn Jiē Qián Yuè (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">櫻花落盡階前月</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yī Hú Zhū (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">一斛珠</span></span>)</td> <td>Wǎn Zhuāng Chū Guò (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">晚妝初過</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Yú Fù (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">漁父</span></span>)</td> <td>Làng Huā Yǒu Yì Qiān Chóng Xuě (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">浪花有意千重雪</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yī Zhào Chūn Fēng Yī Yè Zhōu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">一棹春風一葉舟</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yù Lóu Chūn (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">玉樓春</span></span>)</td> <td>Wǎn Zhuāng Chū Liǎo Míng Jī Xuě (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">晚妝初了明肌雪</span></span>)</td> <td>Chang Chen sang it in Mandarin<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Yú Měi Rén (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">虞美人</span></span>)</td> <td>Chūn Huā Qiū Yuè Hé Shí Liǎo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">春花秋月何時了</span></span>)</td> <td>Teresa Teng sang it in Mandarin<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Chan Ho Tak sang it in <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yee-ling" title="Huang Yee-ling">Huang Yee-ling</a> and others sang it in <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Huang_Fei" title="Huang Fei">Huang Fei</a> sang it in Taiwanese<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fēng Huí Xiǎo Yuàn Tíng Wú Lǜ (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">風回小院庭蕪綠</span></span>)</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poetry_Examples">Poetry Examples</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Poetry Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poems like these are often invoked in later periods of strife and confusion by literary figures. </p><p><u><i>Alone Up the Western Tower</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">獨上西樓</span></span>)</u> </p><p>"Alone Up the Western Tower" was written after his capture. Here the poem is translated by Chan Hong-mo:<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">無言獨上西樓</span></span> </td> <td><i>Alone to silence, up the western tower, I myself bestow.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">月如鉤</span></span> </td> <td><i>Like silver curtain hook, so does the moon glow.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">寂寞梧桐</span></span> </td> <td><i>The fallen leaves of one forsaken <a href="/wiki/Firmiana_simplex" title="Firmiana simplex">parasol</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">深院鎖清秋</span></span> </td> <td><i>Make deeper still the limpid autumn locked up in the court below.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">剪不斷</span></span> </td> <td><i>Try cutting it, it is still profuse –</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">理還亂</span></span> </td> <td><i>More minding will but more confuse –</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">是離愁</span></span> </td> <td><i>Ah, parting's such enduring sorrow!</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">別有一番滋味在心頭</span></span> </td> <td><i>It leaves behind a very special taste the heart alone could know.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This was also rendered into a song by <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Teng" title="Teresa Teng">Teresa Teng</a>. </p><p><u><i>Jiangnan Remembrance</i> (望江南), second stanza</u> </p> <table style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">多少恨，</span></span> </td> <td><i>Such hatred,</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">昨夜夢魂中。</span></span> </td> <td><i>Last night I departed in my dream.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">還似舊時游上苑，</span></span> </td> <td><i>To enjoy the park as of yore,</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">車如流水馬如龍，</span></span> </td> <td><i>The carriages flow like water and the horses like dragon,</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">花月正春風。</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Blossoms and the moon in the spring breeze.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shi_poetry"><i>Shi</i> poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Shi poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Shi_(poetry)" title="Shi (poetry)">Shi (poetry)</a></div> <p>Li Yu's poems in the form of <i>shi</i> include: </p> <ul><li>"Bìng Qǐ Tí Shān Shě Bì" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">病起題山舍壁</span></span>; "Getting up while Ill: Written Upon the Wall of My Mountain Lodge")</li> <li>"Bìng Zhōng Gǎn Huái" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">病中感懷</span></span>; "Feelings while Ill")</li> <li>"Bìng Zhōng Shū Shì" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">病中書事</span></span>; "Written while Ill")</li> <li>"Dào Shī" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">悼詩</span></span>; "Poem of Mourning")</li> <li>"Dù Zhōng Jiāng Wàng Shí Chéng Qì Xià" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">渡中江望石城泣下</span></span>; "Gazing at <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Stone City</a> from Mid-River and Weeping")</li> <li>"Gǎn Huái" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">感懷</span></span>; "My Feelings") — 2 poems</li> <li>"Jiǔ Yuè Shí Rì Ǒu Shū" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">九月十日偶書</span></span>; "Jotted Down on the Tenth Day of the Ninth <a href="/wiki/Lunar_month" title="Lunar month">Month</a>")</li> <li>"Méi Huā" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梅花</span></span>; "Plum Blossoms") — 2 poems</li> <li>"Qiū Yīng" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">秋鶯</span></span>; "Autumn Warbler")</li> <li>"Shū Líng Yán Shǒu Jīn" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">書靈筵手巾</span></span>; "Written on the Napkin for a Sacrificial Banquet")</li> <li>"Shū Pí Pá Bèi" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">書琵琶背</span></span>; "Written on the Back of a <a href="/wiki/Pipa" title="Pipa">Pipa</a>")</li> <li>"Sòng Dèng Wáng Èr Shí Dì Cóng Yì Mù Xuān Chéng" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">送鄧王二十弟從益牧宣城</span></span>; "On Saying Farewell to My Younger Brother Chongyi, the Prince of Deng, Who is Going Away to Govern Xuancheng") — including a long letter</li> <li>"Tí jīn lóu zi hòu" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">題金樓子後</span></span>; "Written at the end of the <i>Jinlouzi</i>") — including a preface</li> <li>"Wǎn Chí" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">輓辭</span></span>; "Poem of Mourning") — 2 poems</li></ul> <p>"To the Tune of Liǔ Zhī" mentioned in the <i>cí</i> section may also be classified as a <i>shi</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prose_writing">Prose writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Prose writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li's surviving prose are miscellaneous in character. For example, "Dirge for the Zhaohui Queen Zhou" is rhymed and almost entirely in regular four-character <a href="/wiki/Metre_(poetry)" title="Metre (poetry)">metre</a>, resembling the <i><a href="/wiki/Fu_(poetry)" title="Fu (poetry)">fu</a></i> form a millennium before. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Calligraphy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:4008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;direction:rtl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhao_Gan._Traveling_on_the_River_in_First_Snow._960-975._Ink_and_color_on_silk._25,9x376,5cm._National_Palace_Museum,_Taipei..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="‪"Traveling on the River in First Snow" (江行初雪) by the Southern Tang painter Zhao Gan (趙幹), National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan. The column of 11 characters on the right edge of the painting, which specified the artist and the title, was written by Li Yu.‬"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Zhao_Gan._Traveling_on_the_River_in_First_Snow._960-975._Ink_and_color_on_silk._25%2C9x376%2C5cm._National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei..jpg/4000px-Zhao_Gan._Traveling_on_the_River_in_First_Snow._960-975._Ink_and_color_on_silk._25%2C9x376%2C5cm._National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei..jpg" decoding="async" width="4000" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Zhao_Gan._Traveling_on_the_River_in_First_Snow._960-975._Ink_and_color_on_silk._25%2C9x376%2C5cm._National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei..jpg/6000px-Zhao_Gan._Traveling_on_the_River_in_First_Snow._960-975._Ink_and_color_on_silk._25%2C9x376%2C5cm._National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Zhao_Gan._Traveling_on_the_River_in_First_Snow._960-975._Ink_and_color_on_silk._25%2C9x376%2C5cm._National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei..jpg/8000px-Zhao_Gan._Traveling_on_the_River_in_First_Snow._960-975._Ink_and_color_on_silk._25%2C9x376%2C5cm._National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei..jpg 2x" data-file-width="38250" data-file-height="1948" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhao_Gan._Traveling_on_the_River_in_First_Snow._960-975._Ink_and_color_on_silk._25,9x376,5cm._National_Palace_Museum,_Taipei..jpg" title="File:Zhao Gan. Traveling on the River in First Snow. 960-975. Ink and color on silk. 25,9x376,5cm. National Palace Museum, Taipei..jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Early_Snow_on_the_River" title="Early Snow on the River">"Traveling on the River in First Snow"</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">江行初雪</span></span>) by the Southern Tang painter Zhao Gan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">趙幹</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan. The column of 11 characters on the right edge of the painting, which specified the artist and the title, was written by Li Yu.</div></div></div> <p>Li Yu's <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">calligraphy</a> style has been dubbed "Golden Inlaid Dagger" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金錯刀</span></span>) for its perceived force. As one Song Dynasty writer noted: "The large characters are like split bamboo, the small ones like clusters of needles; altogether unlike anything done with a brush!"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_series">Television series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Television series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three independent television series focused on the complex relationships between Li Yu (Li Houzhu), <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a> (Zhao Kuangyin) and the various women in their lives. They are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_and_the_Song" title="The Sword and the Song">The Sword and the Song</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">絕代雙雄</span></span>), a 1986 Singaporean series starring <a href="/wiki/Li_Wenhai_(actor)" title="Li Wenhai (actor)">Li Wenhai</a> as Li Yu.</li> <li><i>Love, Sword, Mountain & River</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">情劍山河</span></span>), a 1996 Taiwanese series starring Chin Feng as Li Yu.</li> <li><i>Li Houzhu and Zhao Kuangyin</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">李後主與趙匡胤</span></span>), a 2006 Chinese series starring <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Wu" title="Nicky Wu">Nicky Wu</a> as Li Yu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Song_poetry" title="Song poetry">Song poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_poetry" title="Tang poetry">Tang poetry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-king-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-king_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-king_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Unlike his father and grandfather, Li Yu never ruled as an emperor. His official title as a ruler was a king (國主), the same as his father after 958. During Li Yu's reign from 961 until 974, Southern Tang was nominally a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a> of the Song Dynasty. Even after the rejection of the relationship following the Song invasion in 974, Li Yu never declared himself emperor.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xzztjcb16-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xzztjcb16_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFXu_Zizhi_Tongjian_Changbian"><i>Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian</i></a>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/續資治通鑑長編/卷016">ch. 16.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birthyear-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birthyear_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birthyear_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">From his date and <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">Chinese age</a> at death we can deduct that he was born some time between 13 February 937 and 1 February 938.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ss478-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ss478_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ss478_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBook_of_Southern_Tang"><i>Book of Southern Tang</i></a>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/陸氏南唐書/卷03">ch. 3.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eraname-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eraname_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eraname_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eraname_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adopted the era names of <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">961 was the 2nd year of <i>Jianlong</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used the <a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">sexagenary cycle calendar</a> without <a href="/wiki/Era_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Era name">era name</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indiana Companion p. 555</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sgcq24-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq24_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq24_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq24_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq24_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShiguo_Chunqiu"><i>Shiguo Chunqiu</i></a>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/十國春秋/卷024">ch.24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-歐陽修2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-歐陽修2015_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-歐陽修2015_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF歐陽修2015" class="citation book cs1">歐陽修 (14 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ibVACQAAQBAJ&pg=PT91"><i>新五代史三十列傳: 二十五史風流人物--新五代史</i></a>. 谷月社. p. 91. GGKEY:PY4A3ARY4DH.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%88%97%E5%82%B3%3A+%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B2%E9%A2%A8%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9--%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=%E8%B0%B7%E6%9C%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2015-05-14&rft.au=%E6%AD%90%E9%99%BD%E4%BF%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DibVACQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sgcq19-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq19_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq19_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq19_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq19_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShiguo_Chunqiu"><i>Shiguo Chunqiu</i></a>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/十國春秋/卷019">ch. 19.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdsj62-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wdsj62_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wdsj62_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWudai_Shiji"><i>Wudai Shiji</i></a>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/新五代史/卷62">ch. 62.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kurz91-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kurz91_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kurz91_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKurz">Kurz</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sgcq18-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq18_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq18_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq18_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq18_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq18_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShiguo_Chunqiu"><i>Shiguo Chunqiu</i></a>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/十國春秋/卷018">ch. 18.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sgcq16-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sgcq16_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShiguo_Chunqiu"><i>Shiguo Chunqiu</i></a>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/十國春秋/卷016">ch. 16.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sgcq17-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq17_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgcq17_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShiguo_Chunqiu"><i>Shiguo Chunqiu</i></a>, <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/十國春秋/卷017">ch. 17.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bryantxxiv-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bryantxxiv_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bryantxxiv_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryant">Bryant</a>, p. xxiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The child was posthumously called Li Zhongxuan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李仲宣</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bryant118-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bryant118_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryant">Bryant</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No <a href="/wiki/Chinese_sovereign" title="Chinese sovereign">Chinese sovereign</a> was expected to be completely faithful to one's spouse.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hsiung332-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hsiung332_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHsiung">Hsiung</a>, p. 332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis,_xx-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis,_xx_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis,_xx_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, xx</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryant">Bryant</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Shān Hé Lèi" (山河淚), with music by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Shih_Shiong" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Shih Shiong">Lee Shih Shiong</a> and Lee Wei Shiong, served as an ending theme song of the 1986 Singaporean TV series <i>The Sword and the Song</i>, of which Li Yu is a central character. It was also included in her 1986 album <i>Heart Rain</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">心雨</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryant">Bryant</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryant">Bryant</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Yān Zhǐ Lèi" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">胭脂淚</span></span>), with music by <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chia-chang" title="Liu Chia-chang">Liu Chia-chang</a>, was included in her 1983 album <i><a href="/wiki/Dandan_youqing" title="Dandan youqing">Light Exquisite Feelings</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Dú Shàng Xī Lóu" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">獨上西樓</span></span>), with music by Liu Chia-chang, was included in her 1983 album <i>Light Exquisite Feelings</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Dú Shàng Xī Lóu", with music by Lee Shih Shiong and Lee Wei Shiong, served as an ending theme song of the 1986 TV series <i>The Sword and the Song</i>. It was also included in her 1986 album <i>Heart Rain</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryant">Bryant</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Yù Lóu Chūn", with music by Tso Hung-yuen, served as an ending theme song of the 1996 Taiwanese TV series <i>Love, Sword, Mountain & River</i>, of which Li Yu is a central character. It was also included in the drama's soundtrack album.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Jǐ Duō Chóu" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">幾多愁</span></span>), with music by Tan Chien-chang, was included in her 1983 album <i>Light Exquisite Feelings</i>. It was later covered by <a href="/wiki/Fei_Yu-ching" title="Fei Yu-ching">Fei Yu-ching</a> for the ending theme song to the 2006 Chinese TV series <i>Li Houzhu and Zhao Kuangyin</i>, of which Li Yu is a central character.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Chèun Fà Chàu Yùht" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">春花秋月</span></span>), with music by Lai Siu Tin, was included in his 1994 compilation album <i>Greatest Hits</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金碟精選</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Chhun Hoe Chhiu Go̍at" (春花秋月) featuring Cheng Jun-wei, <a href="/wiki/Hsu_Fu-kai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsu Fu-kai">Hsu Fu-kai</a> and Wu Jun-hong, with music by Ho Ching-ching, was included in her 2008 album <i>Telling Myself</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">講乎自己聽</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The song, "Gû Bí Jîn" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">虞美人</span></span>), with music by Chang Nai-jen, served as the ending theme song of the 2008 Taiwanese TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Pili_(TV_series)" title="Pili (TV series)">Pili</a> Shen Zhou II: The Devil Relics</i>. It was also included in her 2012 compilation album <i>The Best of Huang Fei 2</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">盛開</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChan">Chan</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.gushiwen.org/gushiwen_e7ca4f25f8.aspx">"望江南·多少恨"</a>. <i>古诗文网</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%97%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%9B%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%E6%81%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.gushiwen.org%2Fgushiwen_e7ca4f25f8.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/183547963@N06/48670847381/">"Fan Calligraphy Zhang Fengju 张风举"</a>. <i>Flickr.com</i>. 3 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flickr.com&rft.atitle=Fan+Calligraphy+Zhang+Fengju+%E5%BC%A0%E9%A3%8E%E4%B8%BE&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F183547963%40N06%2F48670847381%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryant">Bryant</a>, p. xxiii.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Primary sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiguo_Chunqiu" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Renchen" title="Wu Renchen">Wu Renchen</a> (1669). <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Annals_of_the_Ten_Kingdoms" title="Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms">Shiguo Chunqiu</a> </i>(十國春秋)<i><span></span></i> [<i>Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms</i>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shiguo+Chunqiu+%28%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%29&rft.date=1669&rft.au=Wu+Renchen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSong_Shi" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toqto%27a_(Yuan_Dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toqto'a (Yuan Dynasty)">Toqto'a</a>; et al., eds. (1345). <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Song_(Yuan_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Song (Yuan dynasty)">Song Shi</a> </i>(宋史)<i><span></span></i> [<i>History of Song</i>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Song+Shi+%28%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2%29&rft.date=1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWudai_Shiji" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Xiu" title="Ouyang Xiu">Ouyang Xiu</a> (1073). <i><a href="/wiki/New_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="New History of the Five Dynasties">Wudai Shiji</a> </i>(五代史記)<i><span></span></i> [<i>Historical Records of the Five Dynasties</i>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wudai+Shiji+%28%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98%29&rft.date=1073&rft.au=Ouyang+Xiu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXu_Zizhi_Tongjian_Changbian" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Li_Tao_(historian)" title="Li Tao (historian)">Li Tao</a> (1183). <i><a href="/wiki/Xu_Zizhi_Tongjian_Changbian" title="Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian">Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian</a> </i>(續資治通鑑長編)<i><span></span></i> [<i>Extended Continuation to </i>Zizhi Tongjian<i><span></span></i>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xu+Zizhi+Tongjian+Changbian+%28%E7%BA%8C%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91%E9%95%B7%E7%B7%A8%29&rft.date=1183&rft.au=Li+Tao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZizhi_Tongjian" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima Guang</a> (1086). <i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a> </i>(資治通鑑)<i><span></span></i> [<i>Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government</i>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zizhi+Tongjian+%28%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91%29&rft.date=1086&rft.au=Sima+Guang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuan_Tangshi" class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Quan_Tangshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Quan Tangshi">Quan Tangshi</a> </i>(全唐詩)<i><span></span></i> [<i>Complete Tang Poems</i>]. 1705.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quan+Tangshi+%28%E5%85%A8%E5%94%90%E8%A9%A9%29&rft.date=1705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBook_of_Southern_Tang" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lu_You" title="Lu You">Lu You</a> (1184). <i><a href="/wiki/Lushi_Nantangshu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lushi Nantangshu">Lushi Nantangshu</a> </i>(陆氏南唐书)<i><span></span></i> [<i>Book of Southern Tang by Lu You</i>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lushi+Nantangshu+%28%E9%99%86%E6%B0%8F%E5%8D%97%E5%94%90%E4%B9%A6%29&rft.date=1184&rft.au=Lu+You&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Secondary sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirch" class="citation book cs1">Birch, Cyril, ed. (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anthologyofchine0000birc"><i>Anthology of Chinese Literature: from Early Times to the Fourteenth Century</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/65-14202">65-14202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthology+of+Chinese+Literature%3A+from+Early+Times+to+the+Fourteenth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65-14202&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanthologyofchine0000birc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Daniel (1982). <i>Lyric Poets of the Southern T'ang: Feng Yen-ssu, 903–960, and Li Yü, 937–978</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia_Press" title="University of British Columbia Press">University of British Columbia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7748-0142-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7748-0142-5"><bdi>0-7748-0142-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lyric+Poets+of+the+Southern+T%27ang%3A+Feng+Yen-ssu%2C+903%E2%80%93960%2C+and+Li+Y%C3%BC%2C+937%E2%80%93978&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-7748-0142-5&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan" class="citation book cs1">Chan Hong-mo (2011). <i>The Birth of China Seen Through Poetry</i>. Singapore: <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific" title="World Scientific">World Scientific</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4335-33-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4335-33-1"><bdi>978-981-4335-33-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+China+Seen+Through+Poetry&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-981-4335-33-1&rft.au=Chan+Hong-mo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kang-i_Sun_Chang" title="Kang-i Sun Chang">Chang, Kang-i Sun</a> (1980). <i>The Evolution of Chinese Tz'u Poetry: From Late T'ang to Northern Sung</i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-06425-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-06425-3"><bdi>0-691-06425-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Chinese+Tz%27u+Poetry%3A+From+Late+T%27ang+to+Northern+Sung&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-691-06425-3&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kang-i+Sun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Davis, A. R. (Albert Richard), Editor and Introduction, <i>The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse</i>. Baltimore: Penguin Books (1970).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolling" class="citation book cs1">Dolling, Susan Wan (1997). <i>A River in Springtime: My Story of Li Yu in Myth and Poetry</i>. Austin, Tex.: Puck's Gold Projects. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9655255-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9655255-0-3"><bdi>0-9655255-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+River+in+Springtime%3A+My+Story+of+Li+Yu+in+Myth+and+Poetry&rft.place=Austin%2C+Tex.&rft.pub=Puck%27s+Gold+Projects&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-9655255-0-3&rft.aulast=Dolling&rft.aufirst=Susan+Wan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoh_&_Nair" class="citation book cs1">Koh, Malcolm Ho Ping; <a href="/wiki/Chandran_Nair_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandran Nair (poet)">Nair, Chandran</a> (1975). <i>A Translation: The Poems & Lyrics of Last Lord Lee</i>. Singapore: Woodrose Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Translation%3A+The+Poems+%26+Lyrics+of+Last+Lord+Lee&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Woodrose+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Koh&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+Ho+Ping&rft.au=Nair%2C+Chandran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurz" class="citation book cs1">Kurz, Johannes L. (2011). <i>China's Southern Tang Dynasty, 937–976</i>. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-82861-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-82861-8"><bdi>978-0-203-82861-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Southern+Tang+Dynasty%2C+937%E2%80%93976&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-203-82861-8&rft.aulast=Kurz&rft.aufirst=Johannes+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu_&_Suhrawardy" class="citation book cs1">Liu Yih-ling; <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Shaheed_Suhrawardy" title="Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy">Suhrawardy, Shahid</a> (1948). <i>Poems of Lee Hou-chu</i>. Calcutta: <a href="/wiki/Orient_Blackswan" title="Orient Blackswan">Orient Longmans</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poems+of+Lee+Hou-chu&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=Orient+Longmans&rft.date=1948&rft.au=Liu+Yih-ling&rft.au=Suhrawardy%2C+Shahid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Landau, Julie. 1994. <i>Beyond spring tz'u poems of the Sung dynasty</i>. Translations from the Asian classics. New York: Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-09678-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-09678-X">0-231-09678-X</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-09678-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-09678-2">978-0-231-09678-2</a></li> <li>Liu, Kezhang. 2006. <i>An appreciation and English translation of one hundred Chines (i.e. Chinese) cis during the Tang and Song dynasties.</i> Pittsburgh, Penn: RoseDog Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8059-9008-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8059-9008-9">0-8059-9008-9</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8059-9008-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8059-9008-9">978-0-8059-9008-9</a></li> <li>MacKintosh, Duncan and Alan Ayling. 1967. <i>A collection of Chinese lyrics.</i> Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMote" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Mote" title="Frederick W. Mote">Mote, F.W.</a> (1999). <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_China:_900%E2%80%931800" title="Imperial China: 900–1800">Imperial China: 900–1800</a></i>. Cambridge, Mass.: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-44515-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-44515-5"><bdi>0-674-44515-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China%3A+900%E2%80%931800&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-674-44515-5&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=F.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNienhauser,_William_H1986" class="citation book cs1">Nienhauser, William H, ed. (1986). <i>The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-32983-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-32983-3"><bdi>0-253-32983-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indiana+Companion+to+Traditional+Chinese+Literature.&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-253-32983-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPannam2000" class="citation book cs1">Pannam, Clifford L. (2000). <i>The Poetry of Li Yu</i>. Ormond, Victoria: Hybrid Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876462-10-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-876462-10-8"><bdi>1-876462-10-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poetry+of+Li+Yu&rft.place=Ormond%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Hybrid+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-876462-10-8&rft.aulast=Pannam&rft.aufirst=Clifford+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsiung" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Payne_(author)" title="Robert Payne (author)">Payne, Robert</a>, ed. (1947). <i>The White Pony: An Anthology of Chinese Poetry</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/John_Day_Company" title="John Day Company">John Day Company</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+White+Pony%3A+An+Anthology+of+Chinese+Poetry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=John+Day+Company&rft.date=1947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSze" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sze" title="Arthur Sze">Sze, Arthur</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/silkdragontransl0000unse"><i>The Silk Dragon: Translations from the Chinese</i></a></span>. Port Townsend, Wash.: <a href="/wiki/Copper_Canyon_Press" title="Copper Canyon Press">Copper Canyon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55659-153-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-55659-153-5"><bdi>1-55659-153-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silk+Dragon%3A+Translations+from+the+Chinese&rft.place=Port+Townsend%2C+Wash.&rft.pub=Copper+Canyon+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-55659-153-5&rft.aulast=Sze&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsilkdragontransl0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner" class="citation book cs1">Turner, John A. (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldentreasuryof0000unse_n4j6"><i>A Golden Treasury of Chinese Poetry</i></a></span>. Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/The_Chinese_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chinese University Press">The Chinese University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-95506-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-95506-6"><bdi>0-295-95506-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Golden+Treasury+of+Chinese+Poetry&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=The+Chinese+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-295-95506-6&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoldentreasuryof0000unse_n4j6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, Marsha L. (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lotusboatorigins0000wagn"><i>The Lotus Boat: The Origins of Chinese Tz'u Poetry in T'ang Popular Culture</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-04276-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-04276-0"><bdi>0-231-04276-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lotus+Boat%3A+The+Origins+of+Chinese+Tz%27u+Poetry+in+T%27ang+Popular+Culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-231-04276-0&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Marsha+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flotusboatorigins0000wagn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Watson" title="Burton Watson">Watson, Burton</a> (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiabookofch00wat_z6x"><i>The Columbia Book of Chinese Poetry, from Early Times to the Thirteenth Century</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-05682-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-05682-6"><bdi>0-231-05682-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Book+of+Chinese+Poetry%2C+from+Early+Times+to+the+Thirteenth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-231-05682-6&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbiabookofch00wat_z6x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWu" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Ching_Hsiung_Wu" title="John Ching Hsiung Wu">Wu, John C. H.</a> (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fourseasonsoftan0000wuji"><i>The Four Seasons of Tang Poetry</i></a></span>. Rutland, Vt.: <a href="/wiki/Tuttle_Publishing" title="Tuttle Publishing">Tuttle Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8048-0197-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8048-0197-5"><bdi>0-8048-0197-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Four+Seasons+of+Tang+Poetry&rft.place=Rutland%2C+Vt.&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-8048-0197-5&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=John+C.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourseasonsoftan0000wuji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Yu+%28Southern+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Li Yu (Southern Tang)">Li Yu (Southern Tang)</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinese-poems.com/yu.html">Index of Poems of Li Yu</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zhongzhu_of_Southern_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongzhu of Southern Tang">Zhongzhu of Southern Tang</a><br /> Li Jing (李璟)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Emperor of Southern Tang</a> </b><br />961–975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None (End of kingdom)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378528#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378528#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378528#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081080639">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/29537071">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/77413/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxmJ8RDcYjDTPdXWy6VG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119035413">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81090331">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912947p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912947p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00347336">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071190392">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200500081">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007328932605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02655667?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/e1854754-2812-4850-ae37-e49483bddf7b">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1438390">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119035413.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119035413">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/075047764">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period_rulers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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id="Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period_rulers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a> rulers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Five Dynasties<br />(and other northern states)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yougui" title="Zhu Yougui">Zhu Yougui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Youzhen" title="Zhu Youzhen">Zhu Youzhen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concurrent warlords</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shouguang" title="Liu Shouguang">Liu Shouguang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yan_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yan (Five Dynasties period)">Yan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Rong_(warlord)" title="Wang Rong (warlord)">Wang Rong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhao_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Zhao (Five Dynasties period)">Zhao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Maozhen" title="Li Maozhen">Li Maozhen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qi_(Li_Maozhen%27s_state)" title="Qi (Li Maozhen's state)">Qi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Later_Tang_precursor)" title="Jin (Later Tang precursor)">Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Conghou" title="Li Conghou">Li Conghou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Congke" title="Li Congke">Li Congke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Chonggui" title="Shi Chonggui">Shi Chonggui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interregnum<br />(<a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a> occupation)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Taizong of Liao">Emperor Taizong of Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Shizong of Liao">Emperor Shizong of Liao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhiyuan" title="Liu Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chengyou" title="Liu Chengyou">Liu Chengyou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chong" title="Liu Chong">Liu Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jun_(Northern_Han)" title="Liu Jun (Northern Han)">Liu Chengjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Ji%27en" title="Liu Ji'en">Liu Ji'en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jiyuan" title="Liu Jiyuan">Liu Jiyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Wei" title="Guo Wei">Guo Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Rong" title="Chai Rong">Chai Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Zongxun" title="Guo Zongxun">Guo Zongxun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ten Kingdoms<br />(other than Northern Han)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zongyan" title="Wang Zongyan">Wang Zongyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Zhixiang" title="Meng Zhixiang">Meng Zhixiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Chang" title="Meng Chang">Meng Chang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jixing" title="Gao Jixing">Gao Jixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Conghui" title="Gao Conghui">Gao Conghui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Baorong" title="Gao Baorong">Gao Baorong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Baoxu" title="Gao Baoxu">Gao Baoxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jichong" title="Gao Jichong">Gao Jichong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chu" title="Ma Chu">Chu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Yin" title="Ma Yin">Ma Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xisheng" title="Ma Xisheng">Ma Xisheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xifan" title="Ma Xifan">Ma Xifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiguang" title="Ma Xiguang">Ma Xiguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xi%27e" title="Ma Xi'e">Ma Xi'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xichong" title="Ma Xichong">Ma Xichong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(Southern_Han)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yan (Southern Han)">Liu Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bin_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Bin (Southern Han)">Liu Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Sheng_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Sheng (Southern Han)">Liu Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chang_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Chang (Southern Han)">Liu Chang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wu" title="Yang Wu">Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xingmi" title="Yang Xingmi">Yang Xingmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Longyan" title="Yang Longyan">Yang Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Pu" title="Yang Pu">Yang Pu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bian" title="Li Bian">Li Bian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Li Jing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chao_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Wang Chao (Tang dynasty)">Wang Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shenzhi" title="Wang Shenzhi">Wang Shenzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanhan" title="Wang Yanhan">Wang Yanhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanjun" title="Wang Yanjun">Wang Yanjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jipeng" title="Wang Jipeng">Wang Jipeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanxi" title="Wang Yanxi">Wang Yanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wenjin" title="Zhu Wenjin">Zhu Wenjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yin_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yin (Five Dynasties period)">Yin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanzheng" title="Wang Yanzheng">Wang Yanzheng</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Yuanguan" title="Qian Yuanguan">Qian Yuanguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzuo" title="Qian Hongzuo">Qian Hongzuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzong" title="Qian Hongzong">Qian Hongzong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Chu" title="Qian Chu">Qian Chu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Xia" title="Template:Kings of Xia">Xia</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Shang" title="Template:Kings of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Zhou" title="Template:Kings of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Qin" title="Template:Monarchs of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_emperors" title="Template:Han emperors">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin emperors (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms rulers">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Southern dynasties emperors">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Northern dynasties emperors">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_emperors" title="Template:Sui emperors">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_emperors" title="Template:Tang emperors">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_emperors" title="Template:Liao emperors">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_emperors" title="Template:Song emperors">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_emperors" title="Template:Western Xia emperors">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin emperors (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_emperors" title="Template:Yuan emperors">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_emperors" title="Template:Ming emperors">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_emperors" title="Template:Qing emperors">Qing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Presidents of the Republic of China">ROC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China">PRC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&oldid=1256135105">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)&oldid=1256135105</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Southern_Tang_emperors" title="Category:Southern Tang emperors">Southern Tang emperors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Southern_Tang_poets" title="Category:Southern Tang poets">Southern Tang poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Song_dynasty_poets" title="Category:Song dynasty poets">Song dynasty poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Song_dynasty_government_officials" title="Category:Song dynasty government officials">Song dynasty government officials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Song_dynasty_Buddhists" title="Category:Song dynasty Buddhists">Song dynasty Buddhists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_Buddhist_monarchs" title="Category:Chinese Buddhist monarchs">Chinese Buddhist monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:930s_births" title="Category:930s births">930s births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:978_deaths" title="Category:978 deaths">978 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Murdered_emperors_of_China" title="Category:Murdered emperors of China">Murdered emperors of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poets_from_Jiangsu" title="Category:Poets from Jiangsu">Poets from Jiangsu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Nanjing" title="Category:Politicians from Nanjing">Politicians from Nanjing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Nanjing" title="Category:Writers from Nanjing">Writers from Nanjing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:10th-century_Chinese_poets" title="Category:10th-century Chinese poets">10th-century Chinese poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_poisoning" title="Category:Deaths by poisoning">Deaths by poisoning</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)">Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 11:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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