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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Reformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Early modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of territories</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_territories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of territories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cantons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cantons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cantons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cantons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Associates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Closest_associates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closest_associates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Closest associates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closest_associates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eternal_associates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eternal_associates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Eternal associates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eternal_associates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protestant_associates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestant_associates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Protestant associates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestant_associates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Condominiums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Condominiums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Condominiums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Condominiums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-German_bailiwicks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_bailiwicks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>German bailiwicks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_bailiwicks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lombard_bailiwicks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lombard_bailiwicks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Lombard bailiwicks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lombard_bailiwicks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two-party_condominiums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two-party_condominiums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Two-party condominiums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two-party_condominiums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bern_and_Fribourg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bern_and_Fribourg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3.1</span> <span>Bern and Fribourg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bern_and_Fribourg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glarus_and_Schwyz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glarus_and_Schwyz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3.2</span> <span>Glarus and Schwyz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glarus_and_Schwyz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Condominiums_with_third-parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Condominiums_with_third-parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3.3</span> <span>Condominiums with third-parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Condominiums_with_third-parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protectorates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protectorates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Protectorates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protectorates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separate_subjects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separate_subjects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Separate subjects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separate_subjects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Uri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schwyz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schwyz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>Schwyz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schwyz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glarus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glarus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.3</span> <span>Glarus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glarus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.4</span> <span>Valais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three_Leagues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three_Leagues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.5</span> <span>Three Leagues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three_Leagues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Swiss Confederacy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alte_Eidgenossenschaft" title="Alte Eidgenossenschaft – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alte Eidgenossenschaft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85" title="الاتحاد السويسري القديم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاتحاد السويسري القديم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_Confederaci%C3%B3n_Suiza" title="Antigua Confederación Suiza – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antigua Confederación Suiza" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99dim_%C4%B0sve%C3%A7r%C9%99_%C4%B0ttifaq%C4%B1" title="Qədim İsveçrə İttifaqı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qədim İsveçrə İttifaqı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="ওল্ড সুইস কনফেডারেসি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওল্ড সুইস কনফেডারেসি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AB_S%C5%ABi-se_Pang-li%C3%A2n" title="Kū Sūi-se Pang-liân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kū Sūi-se Pang-liân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Швейцарскі саюз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Швейцарскі саюз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiga_Confederaci%C3%B3_Su%C3%AFssa" title="Antiga Confederació Suïssa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antiga Confederació Suïssa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A1_%C5%A1v%C3%BDcarsk%C3%A1_konfederace" title="Stará švýcarská konfederace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stará švýcarská konfederace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamle_schweiziske_edsforbund" title="Gamle schweiziske edsforbund – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gamle schweiziske edsforbund" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alte_Eidgenossenschaft" title="Alte Eidgenossenschaft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alte Eidgenossenschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vana_%C5%A0veitsi_Konf%C3%B6deratsioon" title="Vana Šveitsi Konföderatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vana Šveitsi Konföderatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Παλαιά Ελβετική Συνομοσπονδία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλαιά Ελβετική Συνομοσπονδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_Confederaci%C3%B3n_Suiza" title="Antigua Confederación Suiza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antigua Confederación Suiza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svisa_%C4%B4urkomunumo" title="Svisa Ĵurkomunumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Svisa Ĵurkomunumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suitzako_Konfederazio_Zaharra" title="Suitzako Konfederazio Zaharra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suitzako Konfederazio Zaharra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%87%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کنفدراسیون کهن سوئیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنفدراسیون کهن سوئیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancienne_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_suisse" title="Ancienne Confédération suisse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ancienne Confédération suisse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiga_Confederaci%C3%B3n_Su%C3%ADza" title="Antiga Confederación Suíza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antiga Confederación Suíza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%84%9C%EC%95%BD%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9" title="스위스 서약동맹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스위스 서약동맹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(1291-1798)" title="Շվեյցարական միություն (1291-1798) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շվեյցարական միություն (1291-1798)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stara_%C5%A0vicarska_Konfederacija" title="Stara Švicarska Konfederacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stara Švicarska Konfederacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfederasi_Swiss_Lama" title="Konfederasi Swiss Lama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konfederasi Swiss Lama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antique_Confederation_Switze" title="Antique Confederation Switze – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Antique Confederation Switze" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vecchia_Confederazione" title="Vecchia Confederazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vecchia Confederazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94" title="הקונפדרציה השווייצרית הישנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקונפדרציה השווייצרית הישנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="შვეიცარიის კავშირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შვეიცარიის კავშირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senoji_konfederacija" title="Senoji konfederacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Senoji konfederacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veggia_Confederazion_Elvetica" title="Veggia Confederazion Elvetica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Veggia Confederazion Elvetica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93sv%C3%A1jci_Konf%C3%B6der%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Ósvájci Konföderáció – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ósvájci Konföderáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Стар Швајцарски Сојуз – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стар Швајцарски Сојуз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabungan_Swiss_Lama" title="Gabungan Swiss Lama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gabungan Swiss Lama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oude_Eedgenootschap" title="Oude Eedgenootschap – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oude Eedgenootschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stara_Konfederacja_Szwajcarska" title="Stara Konfederacja Szwajcarska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stara Konfederacja Szwajcarska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiga_Confedera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Helv%C3%A9tica" title="Antiga Confederação Helvética – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antiga Confederação Helvética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confedera%C8%9Bia_Veche_a_Elve%C8%9Biei" title="Confederația Veche a Elveției – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Confederația Veche a Elveției" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_(1291%E2%80%941798)" title="Швейцарский союз (1291—1798) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Швейцарский союз (1291—1798)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Old Swiss Confederacy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9_sprisahanectvo" title="Staré sprisahanectvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Staré sprisahanectvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Стара швајцарска конфедерација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стара швајцарска конфедерација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stara_%C5%A0vicarska_Konfederacija" title="Stara Švicarska Konfederacija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stara Švicarska Konfederacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveitsin_vanha_valaliitto" title="Sveitsin vanha valaliitto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sveitsin vanha valaliitto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla_schweiziska_edsf%C3%B6rbundet" title="Gamla schweiziska edsförbundet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gamla schweiziska edsförbundet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eski_%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re_Konfederasyonu" title="Eski İsviçre Konfederasyonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eski İsviçre Konfederasyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Стара швейцарська конфедерація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стара швейцарська конфедерація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82" title="قدیم سوئس وفاق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قدیم سوئس وفاق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8cia_Confederasion" title="Vècia Confederasion – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vècia Confederasion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%B1u_Li%C3%AAn_bang_Th%E1%BB%A5y_S%C4%A9" title="Cựu Liên bang Thụy Sĩ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cựu Liên bang Thụy Sĩ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94" title="旧瑞士邦联 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="旧瑞士邦联" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="舊瑞士邦聯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="舊瑞士邦聯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q435583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> 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cantons</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Swiss Confederacy</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Corpus helveticum</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Corps helvétique</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Corpo helvetico</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Corpo_helvetico_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corpo_helvetico-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Confoederatio helvetica</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Corpo_helvetico_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corpo_helvetico-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1291–1798</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Swiss_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Swiss Confederacy"><img alt="Flag of Swiss Confederacy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Early_Swiss_cross.svg/100px-Early_Swiss_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Early_Swiss_cross.svg/150px-Early_Swiss_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Early_Swiss_cross.svg/200px-Early_Swiss_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland#Middle_Ages" title="Flag of Switzerland"><span class="nowrap">Swiss cross</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;">(field sign <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470–1500)</span></span></span></a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:13_cantons_1577.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cantonal coats of arms of the Thirteen Cantons of Swiss Confederacy"><img alt="Cantonal coats of arms of the Thirteen Cantons of Swiss Confederacy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/13_cantons_1577.png/100px-13_cantons_1577.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/13_cantons_1577.png/150px-13_cantons_1577.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/13_cantons_1577.png/200px-13_cantons_1577.png 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="614" /></a></span></div> <div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland#Old_Confederacy" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Cantonal coats of arms<br /> of the Thirteen Cantons</a></span></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Swiss_Confederacy_(1714).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Swiss_Confederacy_%281714%29.svg/250px-Swiss_Confederacy_%281714%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Swiss_Confederacy_%281714%29.svg/375px-Swiss_Confederacy_%281714%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Swiss_Confederacy_%281714%29.svg/500px-Swiss_Confederacy_%281714%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>None</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a>/<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic German</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rhaeto-Romance_languages" title="Rhaeto-Romance languages">Rhaeto-Romansh</a></li></ul></div><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Switzerland" title="Catholic Church in Switzerland">Roman Catholic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Continental Reformed</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tagsatzung" title="Tagsatzung">Tagsatzung </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Death of <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph I of Germany">Rudolf I</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 July 1291</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtlischwur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rütlischwur">Rütlischwur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgenbruch" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgenbruch">Burgenbruch</a></i></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1291</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_1356" title="Golden Bull of 1356">Golden Bull</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1356</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marignano" title="Battle of Marignano">Battle of Marignano</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13–14 September 1515</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Kappel" title="Wars of Kappel">Wars of Kappel</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1529 and 1531</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Formal independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">HRE</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 May/24 October 1648</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Swiss_peasant_war_of_1653" title="Swiss peasant war of 1653">Swiss peasant war</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">January–June 1653</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">Collapse</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 March 1798</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data">About 75 different local currencies, including <a href="/wiki/Basel_thaler" title="Basel thaler">Basel thaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berne_thaler" title="Berne thaler">Berne thaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fribourg_gulden" title="Fribourg gulden">Fribourg gulden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva_thaler" title="Geneva thaler">Geneva thaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva_genevoise" title="Geneva genevoise">Geneva genevoise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luzern_gulden" title="Luzern gulden">Luzern gulden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel_gulden" title="Neuchâtel gulden">Neuchâtel gulden</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen_thaler" title="St. Gallen thaler">St. Gallen thaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwyz_gulden" title="Schwyz gulden">Schwyz gulden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solothurn_thaler" title="Solothurn thaler">Solothurn thaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valais_thaler" title="Valais thaler">Valais thaler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_thaler" title="Zürich thaler">Zürich thaler</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="House of Zähringen">House of Zähringen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kyburg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Kyburg">House of Kyburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Werdenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Werdenberg">House of Werdenberg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of Saint Gall">Imperial Abbey of Saint Gall</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Vaud" title="Barony of Vaud">Barony of Vaud</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duchy of Burgundy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_%28French%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French First Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Switzerland" title="Category:History of Switzerland">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History of <span class="fn org label">Switzerland</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faden,_William_%E2%80%94_Map_of_Switzerland_1799.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nouvelle carte de la Suisse dans laquelle sont exactement distingues les treize cantons, leurs allies, et leurs sujets."><img alt="Nouvelle carte de la Suisse dans laquelle sont exactement distingues les treize cantons, leurs allies, et leurs sujets." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Faden%2C_William_%E2%80%94_Map_of_Switzerland_1799.jpg/150px-Faden%2C_William_%E2%80%94_Map_of_Switzerland_1799.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Faden%2C_William_%E2%80%94_Map_of_Switzerland_1799.jpg/225px-Faden%2C_William_%E2%80%94_Map_of_Switzerland_1799.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Faden%2C_William_%E2%80%94_Map_of_Switzerland_1799.jpg/300px-Faden%2C_William_%E2%80%94_Map_of_Switzerland_1799.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10159" data-file-height="7685" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland#Prehistory" title="Early history of Switzerland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a> (200 BC – AD 400)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alemannia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgundian Kingdom">Burgundy</a> (400–900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Upper_Burgundy" title="Upper Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (900–1300)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Old Swiss Confederacy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a> (1291–1516)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a> (1516–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Ancien Régime</a> (1648–1798)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Transitional period</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a> (1798–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland#Restoration" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a> (1814–1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland#Regeneration" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Regeneration</a> (1830–1847)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> <a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World Wars</a> (1914–1945)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swiss_history" title="Timeline of Swiss history">Timeline</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Topical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Switzerland" title="History of the Jews in Switzerland">Swiss Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Switzerland" title="LGBT history in Switzerland">LGBT history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Territorial development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Switzerland" title="Template:History of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:History of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Old Swiss Confederacy</b>, also known as <b>Switzerland</b> or the <b>Swiss Confederacy</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a loose <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a> of independent small states (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a></i></span>, German <i lang="de"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ort#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ort">Orte</a></i> or <i lang="de"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Stand#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Stand">Stände</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), initially within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. It is the precursor of the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. </p><p>It formed at the end of the 13th century, from a <a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy">nucleus</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Central_Switzerland" title="Central Switzerland">Central Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">expanding</a> to include the cities of <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> by the middle of the 14th century. This formed a rare union of rural and urban <a href="/wiki/Medieval_commune" title="Medieval commune">communes</a>, all of which enjoyed <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> in the Holy Roman Empire. </p><p>This confederation of eight cantons (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Acht Orte</i></span>) was politically and militarily successful for more than a century, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Burgundy_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgundy Wars">Burgundy Wars</a> of the 1470s which established it as a power in the complicated political landscape dominated by <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburgs</a>. Its success resulted in the addition of more confederates, increasing the number of cantons to thirteen (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Dreizehn Orte</i></span>) by 1513. The confederacy pledged <a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">neutrality</a> in 1647 (under the threat of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>), although many Swiss served privately as <a href="/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries" title="Swiss mercenaries">mercenaries</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">early modern</a> period. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a> of 1499 the confederacy was a <i>de facto</i> independent state throughout the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>, although still nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1648 when the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Westphalia">Treaty of Westphalia</a> ended the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. The Swiss Reformation divided the confederates into Reformed and Catholic parties, resulting in internal conflict from the 16th to the 18th centuries; as a result, the federal diet (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Tagsatzung" title="Tagsatzung">Tagsatzung</a></i></span>) was often paralysed by hostility between the factions. The Swiss Confederacy fell to a <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">French invasion</a> in 1798, after which it became the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Eidgenossenschaft" title="Eidgenossenschaft">Eidgenossenschaft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Switzerland" title="Name of Switzerland">Name of Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schweitzer_Stier_1584.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Old drawing with ornate writing and bull with a headdress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Schweitzer_Stier_1584.png/220px-Schweitzer_Stier_1584.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Schweitzer_Stier_1584.png/330px-Schweitzer_Stier_1584.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Schweitzer_Stier_1584.png/440px-Schweitzer_Stier_1584.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>The "Swiss Bull" (<i>Der Schweitzer Stier</i>), horns decorated with a wreath showing the <a href="/wiki/Cantonal_flags_and_coats_of_arms_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonal flags and coats of arms (Switzerland)">coats of arms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a> of the Confederacy (1584)</figcaption></figure> <p>The adjective "old" was introduced after the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a> with <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime of Switzerland">Ancien Régime</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Retronym" title="Retronym">retronyms</a> distinguishing the pre-Napoleonic from the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration and Regeneration (Switzerland)">restored</a> confederation. During its existence the confederacy was known as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Eidgenossenschaft</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Eydtgnoschafft</i></span> ("oath fellowship"), in reference to treaties among cantons; this term was first used in the 1370 <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Pfaffenbrief" title="Pfaffenbrief">Pfaffenbrief</a></i></span>. Territories of the confederacy came to be known collectively as <i>Schweiz</i> or <i>Schweizerland</i> (<i>Schwytzerland</i> in contemporary spelling), with the English <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Switzerland" class="extiw" title="wikt:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></i> beginning during the mid-16th century. From that time the Confederacy was seen as a single state, also known as the Swiss Republic (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Republic der Schweitzer</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">République des Suisses</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Republica Helvetiorum</i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Josias_Simmler" title="Josias Simmler">Josias Simmler</a> in 1576) after the fashion of calling individual urban cantons <a href="/wiki/Classical_republicanism" title="Classical republicanism">republics</a> (such as the Republics of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Berne" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Berne">Berne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Basel">Basel</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Special:EditPage/Old Swiss Confederacy">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Old+Swiss+Confederacy%22">"Old Swiss Confederacy"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Old+Swiss+Confederacy%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Old+Swiss+Confederacy%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Old+Swiss+Confederacy%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Old+Swiss+Confederacy%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Old+Swiss+Confederacy%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Territorial-development-Swiss_Confederacy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Multicolored map of Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Territorial-development-Swiss_Confederacy.png/220px-Territorial-development-Swiss_Confederacy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Territorial-development-Swiss_Confederacy.png/330px-Territorial-development-Swiss_Confederacy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Territorial-development-Swiss_Confederacy.png/440px-Territorial-development-Swiss_Confederacy.png 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1987" /></a><figcaption>Territorial development of Old Swiss Confederacy, 1291–1797</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png/220px-Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png/330px-Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png/440px-Holy_Roman_Empire_at_the_Golden_Bull_of_1356.png 2x" data-file-width="4872" data-file-height="4672" /></a><figcaption>Old Swiss Confederacy within the Holy Roman Empire in 1356 (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d6a8e6; color:black;"> </span> dark purple)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_history_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval history of Switzerland">Medieval history of Switzerland</a></div> <p>The nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy was an alliance among the valley communities of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">central Alps</a> to facilitate management of common interests (such as trade) and ensure peace along trade routes through the mountains. Previously, the communities, also known collectively as the "Forest States",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had been granted <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> and autonomy during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufens</a>. The region was endowed with these privileges because the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Pass" title="Gotthard Pass">Gotthard Pass</a> went through the area. This pass was important in the Hohenstaufen struggle against the Italian <a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a>. </p><p>Due to the fragmentation of <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a> following the collapse of the Hohenstaufens, many nations began to compete for land. The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburgs</a> in particular were a major threat to the Swiss states. <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">King Rudolf I</a> added large amounts of territory in Switzerland and Swabia to his <a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">domain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schosshalde" title="Battle of Schosshalde">sieged down Bern</a> in 1289 to enforce imperial taxes. This aggression from the Habsburgs would likely be a major factor in the creation of the Swiss Confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The foundation of the Confederacy is marked by the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtlischwur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rütlischwur">Rütlischwur</a> (dated to 1307 by <a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Tschudi" title="Aegidius Tschudi">Aegidius Tschudi</a>) or the 1315 <a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Brunnen" title="Pact of Brunnen">Pact of Brunnen</a>. Since 1889, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter of 1291</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_commune" title="Medieval commune">rural communes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a> has been considered the founding document of the confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-schwabe_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwabe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early Swiss Confederacy was simply a defensive pact, but over time the states grew closer and closer. Following a victory against the Habsburgs in 1315, the members of the Confederacy vowed not to form alliances with outside states without consent of the rest of the Confederacy. They also agreed to resolve all disputes peacefully and to support one another in both external and internal affairs. At this point however, the Swiss were still subordinate to the Empire, and they acknowledged the authority of the Holy Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion"><span class="anchor" id="Growth_of_the_federation"></span>Expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy</a></div> <p>The initial pact was augmented by pacts with the cities of <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>. This union of rural and urban communes, which enjoyed the status of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, was engendered by pressure from <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> dukes and kings who had ruled much of the land. Bern in particular had fought against local nobles, including the Habsburgs, on several occasions, and as such was eager to join the Confederacy. In several battles with Habsburg armies, the Swiss were victorious; they conquered the rural areas of <a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a>, which became members of the confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-schwabe_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwabe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This expansion greatly changed the social climate in the Confederacy. In the original 3 cantons, citizens all held equal rights, but in the newly acquired urban cities, power was in the hands of the wealthy <a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">Burgomeisters</a>. This led into a shift away from the traditional Swiss egalitarianism enjoyed by citizens in the original Confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1353 to 1481, the federation of eight <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a>—known in German as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Acht Orte</i></span> (Eight Cantons)—consolidated its position. The members (especially the cities) enlarged their territory at the expense of local counts—primarily by buying <a href="/wiki/Judicial_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial rights">judicial rights</a>, but sometimes by force. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Eidgenossenschaft</i></span>, as a whole, expanded through military conquest: the <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a> was conquered in 1415 and the <a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a> in 1460. In both cases, the Swiss profited from weakness in the Habsburg dukes. In the south, Uri led a military territorial expansion that (after many setbacks) would by 1515 lead to the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>.None of these territories became members of the confederacy; they had the status of <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">condominiums</a> (regions administered by several cantons).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reason for these Swiss victories was their innovative military tactics. Their perfection of the <a href="/wiki/Pike_square" title="Pike square">Pike Square</a> made them excellent defensive warriors in their home mountain terrain, and they became highly sought after <a href="/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries" title="Swiss mercenaries">mercenaries</a> throughout Europe (ex <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a>). </p><p>At this time, the eight cantons gradually increased their influence on neighbouring cities and regions through additional alliances. Individual cantons concluded pacts with <a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, the abbot and the city of <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biel" class="mw-redirect" title="Biel">Biel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a>, Mulhouse and others. These allies (known as the <i>Zugewandte Orte</i>) became closely associated with the confederacy, but were not accepted as full members. They would be known as <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Associates" title="Swiss Associates">Swiss Associates</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Wars" title="Burgundian Wars">Burgundian Wars</a> prompted a further enlargement of the confederacy; Fribourg and <a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a> were accepted in 1481. By defeating the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duchy of Burgundy</a> in this war, the Confederacy managed to stop the growing Burgundian threat. In the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a> against Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a>, the Swiss were victorious and exempted from imperial legislation. The associated cities of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a> joined the confederacy as a result of that conflict, and Appenzell followed suit in 1513 as the thirteenth member. The federation of thirteen cantons (<i>Dreizehn Orte</i>) constituted the Old Swiss Confederacy until its demise in 1798. </p><p>The expansion of the confederacy was stopped by the Swiss defeat in the 1515 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marignano" title="Battle of Marignano">Battle of Marignano</a>. Only Bern and Fribourg were still able to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> in 1536; the latter primarily became part of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">canton of Bern</a>, with a small portion under the jurisdiction of Fribourg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformation">Reformation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation in Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlacht_bei_Kappel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Medieval drawing of warring armies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Schlacht_bei_Kappel.jpg/220px-Schlacht_bei_Kappel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Schlacht_bei_Kappel.jpg/330px-Schlacht_bei_Kappel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Schlacht_bei_Kappel.jpg/440px-Schlacht_bei_Kappel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>The forces of Zürich are defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Second_War_of_Kappel" title="Second War of Kappel">Second War of Kappel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation in Switzerland</a> led to doctrinal division amongst the cantons.<sup id="cite_ref-schwabe_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwabe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zürich, Bern, Basel, Schaffhausen and associates Biel, Mulhouse, Neuchâtel, Geneva and the city of St. Gallen became <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>; other members of the confederation and the <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> remained <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>. In Glarus, Appenzell, in the <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a> and in most condominiums both religions coexisted; Appenzell split in 1597 into a Catholic <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a> and a Protestant <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a>. </p><p>The division led to civil war (the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Kappel" title="Wars of Kappel">Wars of Kappel</a>) and separate alliances with foreign powers by the Catholic and Protestant factions, but the confederacy as a whole continued to exist. A common foreign policy was blocked, however, by the impasse. During the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, religious disagreements among the cantons kept the confederacy neutral and spared it from belligerents. At the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a>, the Swiss delegation was granted formal recognition of the confederacy as a state independent of the Holy Roman Empire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_period">Early modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern Switzerland</a></div> <p>Growing social differences and an increasing <a href="/wiki/Absolutism_(European_history)" title="Absolutism (European history)">absolutism</a> in the city cantons during the Ancien Régime led to local <a href="/wiki/Popular_revolt_in_late-medieval_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular revolt in late-medieval Europe">popular revolts</a>. An uprising during the post-war depression after the Thirty Years' War escalated to the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_peasant_war_of_1653" title="Swiss peasant war of 1653">Swiss peasant war of 1653</a> in Lucerne, Bern, Basel, Solothurn and the Aargau. The revolt was put down swiftly by force and with the help of many cantons. </p><p>Religious differences were accentuated by a growing economic discrepancy. The Catholic, predominantly rural central-Swiss cantons were surrounded by Protestant cantons with increasingly commercial economies. The politically dominant cantons were Zürich and Bern (both Protestant), but the Catholic cantons were influential since the Second War of Kappel in 1531. A 1655 attempt (led by Zürich) to restructure the federation was blocked by Catholic opposition, which led to the <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Villmergen" title="First War of Villmergen">first battle of Villmergen</a> in 1656; the Catholic party won, cementing the <i>status quo</i>. </p><p>The problems remained unsolved, erupting again in 1712 with the <a href="/wiki/Toggenburg_War" title="Toggenburg War">second battle of Villmergen</a>. This time the Protestant cantons won, dominating the confederation. True reform, however, was impossible; the individual interests of the thirteen members were too diverse, and the absolutist cantonal governments resisted all attempts at confederation-wide administration. Foreign policy remained fragmented. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure"><span class="anchor" id="Structure_of_the_federation"></span> Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesbrief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Old manuscript" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesbrief.jpg/220px-Bundesbrief.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesbrief.jpg/330px-Bundesbrief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesbrief.jpg/440px-Bundesbrief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter of 1291</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schweizkarte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Detailed, black-and-white map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Schweizkarte.jpg/220px-Schweizkarte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Schweizkarte.jpg/330px-Schweizkarte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Schweizkarte.jpg/440px-Schweizkarte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1567" /></a><figcaption>Old Swiss Confederacy on 1637 map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Confederacy_18th_centur.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Multicolored map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Old_Confederacy_18th_centur.png/220px-Old_Confederacy_18th_centur.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Old_Confederacy_18th_centur.png/330px-Old_Confederacy_18th_centur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Old_Confederacy_18th_centur.png/440px-Old_Confederacy_18th_centur.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1585" /></a><figcaption>Old Swiss Confederacy in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">(Alte) Eidgenossenschaft</i></span> was initially united not by a single pact, but by overlapping pacts and bilateral treaties between members.<sup id="cite_ref-eidg_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eidg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parties generally agreed to preserve the peace, aid in military endeavours and arbitrate disputes. Slowly, the members began to see the confederation as a unifying entity. In the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Pfaffenbrief" title="Pfaffenbrief">Pfaffenbrief</a></i></span>, a treaty of 1370 among six of the eight members (Glarus and Bern did not participate) forbidding <a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">feuds</a> and denying clerical courts jurisdiction over the confederacy, the cantons for the first time used the term <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Eidgenossenschaft</i></span>. The first treaty uniting the eight members of the confederacy was the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sempacherbrief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sempacherbrief (page does not exist)">Sempacherbrief</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sempacherbrief" class="extiw" title="de:Sempacherbrief">de</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenant_de_Sempach" class="extiw" title="fr:Convenant de Sempach">fr</a>]</span></i></span> of 1393, concluded after victories over the Habsburgs at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sempach" title="Battle of Sempach">Sempach</a> in 1386 and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%A4fels" title="Battle of Näfels">Näfels</a> in 1388, which forbade a member from unilaterally beginning a war without the consent of the other cantons. A federal <a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">diet</a>, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Tagsatzung" title="Tagsatzung">Tagsatzung</a></i></span>, developed during the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pacts and renewals (or modernizations) of earlier alliances reinforced the confederacy. The individual interests of the cantons clashed in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Z%C3%BCrich_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Zürich War">Old Zürich War</a> (1436–1450), caused by territorial conflict among Zürich and the central Swiss cantons over the succession of the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Toggenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Toggenburg">Count of Toggenburg</a>. Although Zürich entered an alliance with the Habsburg dukes, it then rejoined the confederacy. The confederation had become so close a political alliance that it no longer tolerated separatist tendencies in its members.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tagsatzung1531.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colored drawing of men listening to speaker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tagsatzung1531.jpg/220px-Tagsatzung1531.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tagsatzung1531.jpg/330px-Tagsatzung1531.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tagsatzung1531.jpg/440px-Tagsatzung1531.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Tagsatzung of 1531 in <a href="/wiki/Baden,_Switzerland" title="Baden, Switzerland">Baden</a> (1790s drawing)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Tagsatzung</i> was the confederation council, typically meeting several times a year. Each canton delegated two representatives (including the associate states, which had no vote). The canton where the delegates met initially chaired the gathering, but during the 16th century Zürich permanently assumed the chair (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Vorort</i></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Baden,_Switzerland" title="Baden, Switzerland">Baden</a> became the seat. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tagsatzung</i></span> dealt with inter-cantonal affairs and was the court of last resort in disputes between member states, imposing sanctions on dissenting members. It also administered the condominiums; the <a href="/wiki/Vogt_(Switzerland)" title="Vogt (Switzerland)">reeves</a> were delegated for two years, each time by a different canton.<sup id="cite_ref-tagsatzung_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagsatzung-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A unifying treaty of the Old Swiss Confederacy was the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stanser_Verkommnis" title="Stanser Verkommnis">Stanser Verkommnis</a></i></span> of 1481. Conflicts between rural and urban cantons and disagreements over the bounty of the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Wars" title="Burgundian Wars">Burgundian Wars</a> had led to skirmishes. The urban cantons of Bern, Zurich, and Luzern in particular wanted to keep a large share of the bounty. The city-states of Fribourg and Solothurn wanted to join the confederacy, but were mistrusted by the central Swiss rural cantons. The compromise by the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tagsatzung</i></span> in the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stanser Verkommnis</i></span> restored order and assuaged the rural cantons' complaints, with Fribourg and Solothurn accepted into the confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the treaty restricted freedom of assembly (many skirmishes arose from unauthorised expeditions by soldiers from the Burgundian Wars), it reinforced agreements amongst the cantons in the earlier <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sempacherbrief</i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Pfaffenbrief</i></span>. </p><p>The civil war during the Reformation ended in a stalemate. The Catholic cantons could block council decisions but, due to geographic and economic factors, could not prevail over the Protestant cantons. Both factions began to hold separate councils, still meeting at a common <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tagsatzung</i></span> (although the common council was deadlocked by disagreements between both factions until 1712, when the Protestant cantons gained power after their victory in the <a href="/wiki/Toggenburg_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Toggenburg war">second war of Villmergen</a>). The Catholic cantons were excluded from administering the condominiums in the Aargau, the Thurgau and the Rhine valley; in their place, Bern became co-sovereign of these regions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_territories">List of territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cantons">Cantons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cantons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons of Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png/220px-Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png/330px-Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png/440px-Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1652" /></a><figcaption>The 13 cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Structure_old_swiss_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Structure_old_swiss_en.png/220px-Structure_old_swiss_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Structure_old_swiss_en.png/330px-Structure_old_swiss_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Structure_old_swiss_en.png/440px-Structure_old_swiss_en.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption>Structure of the Confederacy during the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The confederation expanded in several stages: first to the Eight Cantons (<i>Acht Orte</i>), then in 1481 to ten, in 1501 to twelve, and finally to thirteen cantons (<i>Dreizehn Orte</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-imhof_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imhof-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Founding cantons (<i><a href="/wiki/Urkantone" class="mw-redirect" title="Urkantone">Urkantone</a></i>): <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uri-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Uri-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Uri-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Uri-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Uri-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Uri-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Uri-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a>, founding canton named in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter of 1291</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schwyz-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Schwyz-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Schwyz-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Schwyz-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Schwyz-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Schwyz-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Schwyz-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, founding canton named in the Federal Charter of 1291</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Unterwalden_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wappen_Unterwalden_alt.svg/20px-Wappen_Unterwalden_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wappen_Unterwalden_alt.svg/30px-Wappen_Unterwalden_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Wappen_Unterwalden_alt.svg/40px-Wappen_Unterwalden_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="753" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a>, founding canton named in the Federal Charter of 1291, later split into <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Obwald-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Obwald-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Obwald-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Obwald-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Obwald-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Obwald-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Obwald-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden</a> and <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nidwald-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Nidwald-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Nidwald-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Nidwald-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Nidwald-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Nidwald-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Nidwald-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a></li></ul></li> <li>14th century: expansion to the <i>Achtörtige Eidgenossenschaft</i> following the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morgarten" title="Battle of Morgarten">Morgarten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Laupen" title="Battle of Laupen">Laupen</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucerne-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lucerne-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Lucerne-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lucerne-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Lucerne-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lucerne-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Lucerne-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, city canton, since 1332</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/20px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/30px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/40px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="492" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich</a>, city canton, since 1351</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glaris-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Glaris-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Glaris-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Glaris-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Glaris-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Glaris-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Glaris-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a>, rural canton, since 1352</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zug-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Zug-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Zug-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Zug-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Zug-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Zug-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Zug-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug</a>, city canton, since 1352</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Bern_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/20px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/30px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/40px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a>, city canton, since 1353; associate since 1323</li></ul></li> <li>15th century: expansion to the <i>Zehnörtige Eidgenossenschaft</i> following the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Wars" title="Burgundian Wars">Burgundian Wars</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, city canton, since 1481; associate since 1454</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solothurn-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solothurn-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Solothurn-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solothurn-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Solothurn-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solothurn-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Solothurn-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, city canton, since 1481; associate since 1353</li></ul></li> <li>16th century: expansion to the <i>Dreizehnörtige Eidgenossenschaft</i> following the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg/20px-Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg/30px-Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg/40px-Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="613" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel</a>, city canton, since 1501</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schaffhouse-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Schaffhouse-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Schaffhouse-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Schaffhouse-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Schaffhouse-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Schaffhouse-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Schaffhouse-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, city canton, since 1501; associate since 1454</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell">Appenzell</a>, rural canton, since 1513; associate since 1411; later split into <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-AppenzellRI-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a> and <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Appenzell_AR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Appenzell_AR.png/20px-Appenzell_AR.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Appenzell_AR.png/30px-Appenzell_AR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Appenzell_AR.png/40px-Appenzell_AR.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="264" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associates">Associates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Associates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Associates" title="Swiss Associates">Swiss Associates</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Zugewandte_Orte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Karte_Zugewandte_Orte.png/220px-Karte_Zugewandte_Orte.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Karte_Zugewandte_Orte.png/330px-Karte_Zugewandte_Orte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Karte_Zugewandte_Orte.png/440px-Karte_Zugewandte_Orte.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="761" /></a><figcaption>Associate states of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Associates <i>(Zugewandte Orte)</i> were close allies of the Old Swiss Confederacy, connected to the union by alliance treaties with all or some of the individual members of the confederacy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Closest_associates">Closest associates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Closest associates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three of the associates were known as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Engere Zugewandte</i></span></i>: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Biel_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/CHE_Biel_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Biel_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/CHE_Biel_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Biel_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/CHE_Biel_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Biel_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="712" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Biel" class="mw-redirect" title="Biel">Biel</a> – 1344–82 treaties with Fribourg, Bern and Solothurn. Nominally, Biel was subject to the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Basel">Bishopric of Basel</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg/20px-Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg/30px-Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg/40px-Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="635" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial abbey">Imperial</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_St._Gall" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of St. Gall">Abbey of St. Gallen</a> – 1451 treaty with Schwyz, Lucerne, Zürich and Glarus, renewed in 1479 and 1490. The abbey was simultaneously a protectorate.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_St._Gallen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CHE_St._Gallen_COA.svg/20px-CHE_St._Gallen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CHE_St._Gallen_COA.svg/30px-CHE_St._Gallen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/CHE_St._Gallen_COA.svg/40px-CHE_St._Gallen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1193" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Imperial City</a> of <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a> – 1454 treaty with Schwyz, Lucerne, Zürich, Glarus, Zug and Bern.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eternal_associates">Eternal associates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Eternal associates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two federations were known as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ewige Mitverbündete</i></span></i>: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valais-coat_of_arms_old.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Valais-coat_of_arms_old.svg/20px-Valais-coat_of_arms_old.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Valais-coat_of_arms_old.svg/30px-Valais-coat_of_arms_old.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Valais-coat_of_arms_old.svg/40px-Valais-coat_of_arms_old.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="842" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sieben_Zenden" class="mw-redirect" title="Sieben Zenden">Sieben Zenden</a>, an independent federation in the <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> – Became a <i>Zugewandter Ort</i> in 1416 through an alliance with Uri, Unterwalden and Lucerne, followed by a treaty with Bern in 1446.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a> were independent federations on the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a> and became an associates of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1497/98 through the events of the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a>. The Three Leagues together concluded an alliance pact with Bern in 1602. <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Grauer_Bund1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wappen_Grauer_Bund1.svg/20px-Wappen_Grauer_Bund1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wappen_Grauer_Bund1.svg/30px-Wappen_Grauer_Bund1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wappen_Grauer_Bund1.svg/40px-Wappen_Grauer_Bund1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="752" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grey_League" title="Grey League">Grey League</a>, who had been allied with Glarus, Uri and Obwalden through pacts from 1400, 1407 and 1419, entered an alliance with seven of the old eight cantons (the <i>Acht Orte</i> without Bern) in 1497</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Gotteshausbund.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wappen_Gotteshausbund.svg/20px-Wappen_Gotteshausbund.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wappen_Gotteshausbund.svg/30px-Wappen_Gotteshausbund.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wappen_Gotteshausbund.svg/40px-Wappen_Gotteshausbund.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/League_of_God%27s_House" title="League of God's House">League of God's House</a> (<i>Gotteshausbund</i>) followed suit a year later.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Davos_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/CHE_Davos_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Davos_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/CHE_Davos_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Davos_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/CHE_Davos_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Davos_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="265" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Ten_Jurisdictions" title="League of the Ten Jurisdictions">League of the Ten Jurisdictions</a>, the third of the leagues, entered an alliance with Zürich and Glarus in 1590.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protestant_associates">Protestant associates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Protestant associates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were two <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Evangelische Zugewandte</i></span></i>: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Muelhausen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Wappen_Muelhausen.svg/20px-Wappen_Muelhausen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Wappen_Muelhausen.svg/30px-Wappen_Muelhausen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Wappen_Muelhausen.svg/40px-Wappen_Muelhausen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mulhouse" title="Republic of Mulhouse">Republic of Mulhouse</a> – Concluded a first treaty with some cantons in 1466 and became an associate in 1515 through a treaty with all 13 members of the Confederacy, remaining so until events of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> in 1798.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Genf_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/20px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/30px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/40px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Geneva" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Geneva">Republic of Geneva</a> – 1536 treaty with Bern and a 1584 treaty with Zürich and Bern, remaining so until events of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> in 1798.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Neuenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wappen_Neuenburg.svg/20px-Wappen_Neuenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wappen_Neuenburg.svg/30px-Wappen_Neuenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wappen_Neuenburg.svg/40px-Wappen_Neuenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="661" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Neuchâtel">County of Neuchâtel</a> – 1406 and 1526 treaties with Bern and Solothurn, 1495 treaty with Fribourg and 1501 treaty with Lucerne.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Urseren.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wappen_Urseren.svg/20px-Wappen_Urseren.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wappen_Urseren.svg/30px-Wappen_Urseren.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wappen_Urseren.svg/40px-Wappen_Urseren.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="778" /></a></span> Imperial Valley of <a href="/wiki/Urseren" title="Urseren">Urseren</a> – 1317 treaty with Uri; annexed by Uri in 1410.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Weggis_COA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CHE_Weggis_COA.png/20px-CHE_Weggis_COA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CHE_Weggis_COA.png/30px-CHE_Weggis_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CHE_Weggis_COA.png/40px-CHE_Weggis_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="694" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Weggis" title="Weggis">Weggis</a> – 1332–1380 by treaties with Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Lucerne; annexed by Lucerne in 1480.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murten-coat_of_arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Murten-coat_of_arms.png/20px-Murten-coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Murten-coat_of_arms.png/30px-Murten-coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Murten-coat_of_arms.png/40px-Murten-coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="189" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Murten" title="Murten">Murten</a> – from 1353 by treaty with Bern; became a confederal condominium in 1475.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Payerne_VD_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CHE_Payerne_VD_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Payerne_VD_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CHE_Payerne_VD_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Payerne_VD_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CHE_Payerne_VD_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Payerne_VD_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Payerne" title="Payerne">Payerne</a> – from 1353 by treaty with Bern; annexed by Bern in 1536.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg/20px-Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg/30px-Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg/40px-Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="753" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sargans" title="County of Sargans">County of Sargans</a> – from 1437 by treaty with Glarus and Schwyz; became a confederal condominium in 1483.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Sax.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Sax.svg/20px-Wappen_Sax.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Sax.svg/30px-Wappen_Sax.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Sax.svg/40px-Wappen_Sax.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="753" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Sax-Forstegg" class="mw-redirect" title="Barony of Sax-Forstegg">Barony of Sax-Forstegg</a> – from 1458 by treaty with Zürich; annexed by Zürich in 1615</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stein_am_Rhein-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Stein_am_Rhein-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Stein_am_Rhein-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Stein_am_Rhein-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Stein_am_Rhein-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Stein_am_Rhein-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Stein_am_Rhein-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="621" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Stein_am_Rhein" title="Stein am Rhein">Stein am Rhein</a> – from 1459 by treaty with Zürich and Schaffhausen; annexed by Zürich in 1484.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greyerzbezirk-Wappen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Greyerzbezirk-Wappen.png/20px-Greyerzbezirk-Wappen.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Greyerzbezirk-Wappen.png/30px-Greyerzbezirk-Wappen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Greyerzbezirk-Wappen.png/40px-Greyerzbezirk-Wappen.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Gruy%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Gruyère">County of Gruyère</a> – had been allied with Fribourg and Berne since the early 14th century, becoming a full associate of the Confederation in 1548. When the counts fell bankrupt in 1555, the country was partitioned in twain:<sup id="cite_ref-gruyere_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gruyere-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Lower Gruyère – from 1475 by treaty with Fribourg</li> <li>Upper Gruyère – from 1403 by treaty with Berne; annexed by Berne in 1555: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Saanen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/CHE_Saanen_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Saanen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/CHE_Saanen_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Saanen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/CHE_Saanen_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Saanen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> Imperial Valley of <a href="/wiki/Saanen" title="Saanen">Saanen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Ch%C3%A2teau_d%E2%80%99Oex_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/CHE_Ch%C3%A2teau_d%E2%80%99Oex_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Ch%C3%A2teau_d%E2%80%99Oex_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/CHE_Ch%C3%A2teau_d%E2%80%99Oex_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Ch%C3%A2teau_d%E2%80%99Oex_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/CHE_Ch%C3%A2teau_d%E2%80%99Oex_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Ch%C3%A2teau_d%E2%80%99Oex_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="670" /></a></span> Imperial Valley of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-d%27%C5%92x" title="Château-d'Œx">Château-d'Œx</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg/20px-Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg/30px-Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg/40px-Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="842" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Werdenberg" title="County of Werdenberg">County of Werdenberg</a> – from 1493 by treaty with Lucerne; annexed by Glarus in 1517.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Rottweil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Rottweil.svg/20px-Wappen_Rottweil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Rottweil.svg/30px-Wappen_Rottweil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Rottweil.svg/40px-Wappen_Rottweil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> Imperial City of <a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a> – from 1519 to 1632 through a treaty with all 13 members; a first treaty on military cooperation had already been concluded in 1463. In 1632, the treaty was renewed with Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug, Solothurn and Fribourg.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Bistum_Basel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wappen_Bistum_Basel.svg/20px-Wappen_Bistum_Basel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wappen_Bistum_Basel.svg/30px-Wappen_Bistum_Basel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wappen_Bistum_Basel.svg/40px-Wappen_Bistum_Basel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Basel">Bishopric of Basel</a> – 1579–1735 by treaty with Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug, Solothurn and Fribourg.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Condominiums">Condominiums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Condominiums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">Condominiums</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Gemeine Herrschaften</i>) were common subject territories under the administration of several cantons. They were governed by <a href="/wiki/Vogt_(Switzerland)" title="Vogt (Switzerland)">reeves</a> (<i>Vögte</i>) delegated for two years, each time from another of the responsible cantons. Bern initially did not participate in the administration of some of the eastern condominiums, as it had no part in their conquest and its interests were focused more on the western border. In 1712, Bern replaced the Catholic cantons in the administration of the <i><a href="/wiki/Freie_%C3%84mter" title="Freie Ämter">Freie Ämter</a></i> ("Free Districts"), the <a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a>, the Rhine valley, and <a href="/wiki/Sargans" title="Sargans">Sargans</a>, and furthermore the Catholic cantons were excluded from the administration of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Baden" title="County of Baden">County of Baden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eidg_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eidg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="German_bailiwicks">German bailiwicks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: German bailiwicks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "German bailiwicks" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Deutsche Gemeine Vogteien, Gemeine Herrschaften</i>) were generally governed by the <i>Acht Orte</i> apart from Bern until 1712, when Bern joined the sovereign powers: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Freiamt_blason.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Freiamt_blason.png/20px-Freiamt_blason.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Freiamt_blason.png/30px-Freiamt_blason.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Freiamt_blason.png/40px-Freiamt_blason.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Freie_%C3%84mter" title="Freie Ämter">Freie Ämter</a> – conquered 1415 and partitioned in 1712: <ul><li>Upper Freiamt was governed by the <i>Acht Orte</i>;</li> <li>Lower Freiamt was governed by Zürich, Bern and Glarus alone.</li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Baden_AG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Baden_AG.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Baden_AG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Baden_AG.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Baden_AG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Baden_AG.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Baden_AG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Baden" title="County of Baden">County of Baden</a> – conquered 1415; from 1712 governed by Zürich, Bern and Glarus.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg/20px-Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg/30px-Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg/40px-Wappen_Grafschaft_Sargans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="753" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sargans" title="County of Sargans">County of Sargans</a> – from 1460/83</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Vogtei_Thurgau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Vogtei_Thurgau.svg/20px-Wappen_Vogtei_Thurgau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Vogtei_Thurgau.svg/30px-Wappen_Vogtei_Thurgau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wappen_Vogtei_Thurgau.svg/40px-Wappen_Vogtei_Thurgau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="729" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Thurgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Landgraviate of Thurgau">Landgraviate of Thurgau</a> – from 1460</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Vogtei_Rheintal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wappen_Vogtei_Rheintal.svg/20px-Wappen_Vogtei_Rheintal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wappen_Vogtei_Rheintal.svg/30px-Wappen_Vogtei_Rheintal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wappen_Vogtei_Rheintal.svg/40px-Wappen_Vogtei_Rheintal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vogtei_of_Rheintal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogtei of Rheintal">Vogtei of Rheintal</a> – from 1490, <i>Acht Orte</i> minus Bern, plus the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_St_Gall" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of St Gall">Imperial Abbey of St Gall</a>. Appenzell added in 1500; Bern added in 1712.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lombard_bailiwicks">Lombard bailiwicks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Lombard bailiwicks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ennetbirgische_Vogteien" class="mw-redirect" title="Ennetbirgische Vogteien">Ennetbirgische Vogteien</a></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Vogt_(Switzerland)" title="Vogt (Switzerland)">bailiwicks</a> (<i>Vogteien</i>) were generally referred to as "transmontane bailiwicks" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Ennetbergische Vogteien</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Baliaggi Ultramontani</i>). In 1440, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> conquered the <a href="/wiki/Valle_Leventina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valle Leventina">Leventina Valley</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Milan">dukes of Milan</a>. Some of this territory had previously been annexed between 1403 and 1422. Further territories were acquired in 1500; <i>see <a href="/wiki/Ticino#History" title="Ticino">History of Ticino</a> for further details</i>. </p><p>Three bailiwicks, all now in the <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, were condominiums of the Forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Nidwalden: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vogtei_of_Blenio" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogtei of Blenio">Vogtei of Blenio</a> – 1477–80 and from 1495</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogtei_of_Rivera" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogtei of Rivera">Vogtei of Rivera</a> – 1403–22 and from 1495</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogtei_of_Bellinzona" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogtei of Bellinzona">Vogtei of Bellinzona</a> – from 1500</li></ul> <p>Four other Ticinese bailiwicks were condominiums of the <i>Zwölf Orte</i> (the original 13 cantons, minus Appenzell) from 1512: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landvogtei_of_Valmaggia" class="mw-redirect" title="Landvogtei of Valmaggia">Landvogtei of Valmaggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landvogtei_of_Lugano" class="mw-redirect" title="Landvogtei of Lugano">Landvogtei of Lugano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landvogtei_of_Locarno" class="mw-redirect" title="Landvogtei of Locarno">Landvogtei of Locarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landvogtei_of_Mendrisio" class="mw-redirect" title="Landvogtei of Mendrisio">Landvogtei of Mendrisio</a></li></ul> <p>Another three bailiwicks were condominiums of the <i>Zwölf Orte</i> from 1512, but were lost from the Confederacy three years later and are all now <i><a href="/wiki/Comuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Comuni">comuni</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val_Travaglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Val Travaglia">Travaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Cuvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Val Cuvia">Cuvio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossola" title="Ossola">Eschental</a> (now Ossola)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Two-party_condominiums">Two-party condominiums</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Two-party condominiums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bern_and_Fribourg">Bern and Fribourg</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bern and Fribourg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Grasburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Wappen_Grasburg.svg/20px-Wappen_Grasburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Wappen_Grasburg.svg/30px-Wappen_Grasburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Wappen_Grasburg.svg/40px-Wappen_Grasburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="756" /></a></span> County of Grasburg / <a href="/wiki/Schwarzenburg" title="Schwarzenburg">Schwarzenburg</a> – from 1423</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murten-coat_of_arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Murten-coat_of_arms.png/20px-Murten-coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Murten-coat_of_arms.png/30px-Murten-coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Murten-coat_of_arms.png/40px-Murten-coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="189" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Murten" title="Murten">Murten</a> – from 1475</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Vogtei_Grandson.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Vogtei_Grandson.svg/20px-Wappen_Vogtei_Grandson.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Vogtei_Grandson.svg/30px-Wappen_Vogtei_Grandson.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wappen_Vogtei_Grandson.svg/40px-Wappen_Vogtei_Grandson.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="764" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grandson,_Switzerland" title="Grandson, Switzerland">Grandson</a> – from 1475</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Orbe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wappen_Orbe.svg/20px-Wappen_Orbe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wappen_Orbe.svg/30px-Wappen_Orbe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wappen_Orbe.svg/40px-Wappen_Orbe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="771" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Orbe" title="Orbe">Orbe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echallens" class="mw-redirect" title="Echallens">Echallens</a> – from 1475</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Glarus_and_Schwyz">Glarus and Schwyz</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Glarus and Schwyz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Uznach.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wappen_Uznach.svg/20px-Wappen_Uznach.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wappen_Uznach.svg/30px-Wappen_Uznach.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wappen_Uznach.svg/40px-Wappen_Uznach.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="717" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Uznach" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Uznach">Uznach</a> – from 1437</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Vogtei_Windegg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wappen_Vogtei_Windegg.svg/20px-Wappen_Vogtei_Windegg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wappen_Vogtei_Windegg.svg/30px-Wappen_Vogtei_Windegg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wappen_Vogtei_Windegg.svg/40px-Wappen_Vogtei_Windegg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="728" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/See-Gaster" title="See-Gaster">Windegg / Gaster</a> – from 1438</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Gams.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Gams.png/20px-Wappen_Gams.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Gams.png/30px-Wappen_Gams.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Gams.png/40px-Wappen_Gams.png 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="346" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hohensax" class="mw-redirect" title="Hohensax">Hohensax</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gams" title="Gams">Gams</a> – from 1497</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Condominiums_with_third-parties">Condominiums with third-parties</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Condominiums with third-parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lordship of <a href="/wiki/Tessenberg" title="Tessenberg">Tessenberg</a> – from 1388, condominium between <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Basel">Bishopric of Basel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protectorates">Protectorates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Protectorates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Bellelay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wappen_Bellelay.svg/20px-Wappen_Bellelay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wappen_Bellelay.svg/30px-Wappen_Bellelay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wappen_Bellelay.svg/40px-Wappen_Bellelay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="756" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bellelay_Abbey" title="Bellelay Abbey">Bellelay Abbey</a> – protectorate of Bern, Biel and Solothurn from 1414; nominally under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Basel">Bishopric of Basel</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Einsiedeln-Abbey-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Einsiedeln-Abbey-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Einsiedeln-Abbey-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Einsiedeln-Abbey-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Einsiedeln-Abbey-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Einsiedeln-Abbey-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Einsiedeln-Abbey-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln_Abbey" title="Einsiedeln Abbey">Einsiedeln Abbey</a> – protectorate of Schwyz from 1357</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Engelberg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CHE_Engelberg_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Engelberg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CHE_Engelberg_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Engelberg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CHE_Engelberg_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Engelberg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Engelberg_Abbey" title="Engelberg Abbey">Engelberg Abbey</a> – protectorate of Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden from 1425</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Imier-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Saint_Imier-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Saint_Imier-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Saint_Imier-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Saint_Imier-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Saint_Imier-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Saint_Imier-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Erguel" title="Erguel">Erguel</a> – protectorate of <a href="/wiki/Biel/Bienne" title="Biel/Bienne">Biel/Bienne</a> under military jurisdiction from 1335; also subject to the Bishopric of Basel</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg/20px-Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg/30px-Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg/40px-Coa_Abbey_Saint_Gall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="635" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial abbey">Imperial</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_St._Gall" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of St. Gall">Abbey of St. Gallen</a> – protectorate of Schwyz, Lucerne, Zürich and Glarus from 1451; the abbey was simultaneously a <i>Zugewandter Ort</i>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Gersau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wappen_Gersau.svg/20px-Wappen_Gersau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wappen_Gersau.svg/30px-Wappen_Gersau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wappen_Gersau.svg/40px-Wappen_Gersau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="245" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Gersau" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Gersau">Republic of Gersau</a>, an independent village – allied with Schwyz since 1332; Lucerne, Uri and Unterwalden were also protecting powers.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Moutier_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CHE_Moutier_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Moutier_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CHE_Moutier_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Moutier_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CHE_Moutier_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Moutier_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="760" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moutier-Grandval_Abbey" title="Moutier-Grandval Abbey">Moutier-Grandval Abbey</a> – protectorate of Bern from 1486; the abbey was also subject to the Bishopric of Basel and, until 1797, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_La-Neuveville_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CHE_La-Neuveville_COA.svg/20px-CHE_La-Neuveville_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CHE_La-Neuveville_COA.svg/30px-CHE_La-Neuveville_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CHE_La-Neuveville_COA.svg/40px-CHE_La-Neuveville_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="612" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/La_Neuveville" title="La Neuveville">La Neuveville</a> – protectorate of Bern from 1388; also subject to the Bishopric of Basel.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Pfaefers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wappen_Pfaefers.png/20px-Wappen_Pfaefers.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wappen_Pfaefers.png/30px-Wappen_Pfaefers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wappen_Pfaefers.png/40px-Wappen_Pfaefers.png 2x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="281" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pf%C3%A4fers_Abbey" title="Pfäfers Abbey">Pfäfers Abbey</a> – protectorate of the <i>Acht Orte</i> minus Bern from 1460; annexed to the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sargans" title="County of Sargans">County of Sargans</a> in 1483</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rapperswil_CoA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rapperswil_CoA.svg/20px-Rapperswil_CoA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rapperswil_CoA.svg/30px-Rapperswil_CoA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rapperswil_CoA.svg/40px-Rapperswil_CoA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="652" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rapperswil" title="Rapperswil">Rapperswil</a> – protectorate of Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Glarus from 1464; of Zürich, Bern and Glarus from 1712</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Toggenburger2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wappen_Toggenburger2.svg/20px-Wappen_Toggenburger2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wappen_Toggenburger2.svg/30px-Wappen_Toggenburger2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wappen_Toggenburger2.svg/40px-Wappen_Toggenburger2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="714" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Toggenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Toggenburg">County of Toggenburg</a> – protectorate of Schwyz and Glarus from 1436; of Zürich and Bern from 1718. The county was simultaneously subject to St Gallen Abbey.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separate_subjects">Separate subjects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Separate subjects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some territories were separate subjects of cantons or associates, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Einzelörtische Untertanen von Länderorten und Zugewandten</i></span></i>: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uri">Uri</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Uri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faido-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Faido-coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Faido-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Faido-coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Faido-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Faido-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Faido-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span> Valley of <a href="/wiki/Valle_Leventina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valle Leventina">Leventina</a> (1403, 1439, finally 1480)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Urseren.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wappen_Urseren.svg/20px-Wappen_Urseren.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wappen_Urseren.svg/30px-Wappen_Urseren.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wappen_Urseren.svg/40px-Wappen_Urseren.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="778" /></a></span> Valley of <a href="/wiki/Urseren" title="Urseren">Urseren</a> (1440)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schwyz">Schwyz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Schwyz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_kuessnacht.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wappen_kuessnacht.png/20px-Wappen_kuessnacht.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wappen_kuessnacht.png/30px-Wappen_kuessnacht.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wappen_kuessnacht.png/40px-Wappen_kuessnacht.png 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCssnacht" title="Küssnacht">Küssnacht</a> (1402)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_einsiedeln.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Wappen_einsiedeln.png/20px-Wappen_einsiedeln.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Wappen_einsiedeln.png/30px-Wappen_einsiedeln.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Wappen_einsiedeln.png/40px-Wappen_einsiedeln.png 2x" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln_Abbey" title="Einsiedeln Abbey">Einsiedeln Abbey</a> (1397 / 1424)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:March.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/March.gif/20px-March.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/March.gif/30px-March.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/March.gif/40px-March.gif 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/March_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="March (district)">March</a> (1405 / 36)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoefe.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hoefe.gif/20px-Hoefe.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hoefe.gif/30px-Hoefe.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hoefe.gif/40px-Hoefe.gif 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fe_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Höfe (district)">Höfe</a> (1440)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Glarus">Glarus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Glarus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg/20px-Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg/30px-Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg/40px-Wappen_Werdenberger1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="842" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Werdenberg" title="County of Werdenberg">County of Werdenberg</a> (1485 / 1517); annexed to Lucerne in 1485; to Glarus in 1517</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Valais">Valais</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Valais"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_St_Maurice_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/CHE_St_Maurice_COA.svg/20px-CHE_St_Maurice_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/CHE_St_Maurice_COA.svg/30px-CHE_St_Maurice_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/CHE_St_Maurice_COA.svg/40px-CHE_St_Maurice_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice,_Switzerland" title="Saint-Maurice, Switzerland">St-Maurice</a> (1475 / 77)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Monthey_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/CHE_Monthey_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Monthey_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/CHE_Monthey_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Monthey_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/CHE_Monthey_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Monthey_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a> (1536)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Nendaz_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/CHE_Nendaz_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Nendaz_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/CHE_Nendaz_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Nendaz_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/CHE_Nendaz_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Nendaz_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nendaz" title="Nendaz">Nendaz-Hérémence</a> (1475 / 77)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Port-Valais_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CHE_Port-Valais_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Port-Valais_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CHE_Port-Valais_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Port-Valais_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/CHE_Port-Valais_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Port-Valais_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Port-Valais" title="Port-Valais">Port Valais/Vionnaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschental" title="Lötschental">Lötschental</a> (15th century); the five upper <i>Zenden</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Three_Leagues">Three Leagues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Three Leagues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bormio" title="Bormio">Bormio</a> (1512–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiavenna" title="Chiavenna">Chiavenna</a> (1512–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a> (1512–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drei_Pleven" class="mw-redirect" title="Drei Pleven">Drei Pleven</a> (1512–26)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Maienfeld_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CHE_Maienfeld_COA.svg/20px-CHE_Maienfeld_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CHE_Maienfeld_COA.svg/30px-CHE_Maienfeld_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CHE_Maienfeld_COA.svg/40px-CHE_Maienfeld_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="265" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maienfeld" title="Maienfeld">Maienfeld</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCndner_Herrschaft" class="extiw" title="de:Bündner Herrschaft">Bündner Herrschaft</a>) (1509–1790); simultaneously a member of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Ten_Jurisdictions" title="League of the Ten Jurisdictions">League of the Ten Jurisdictions</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/009824/2005-03-01/">Corpus helveticum</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/009824/2005-03-01/">Corps helvétique</a>, in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corpo_helvetico-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corpo_helvetico_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corpo_helvetico_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/it/articles/009824/2005-03-01/">Corpo helvetico</a>, in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaufmann,_David2018" class="citation book cs1">Kaufmann, David (2018). "4. Bern: the government city". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CK5oDwAAQBAJ"><i>Varieties of Capital Cities</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar_Publishing" title="Edward Elgar Publishing">Edward Elgar Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1788116435" title="Special:BookSources/978-1788116435"><bdi>978-1788116435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.+Bern%3A+the+government+city&rft.btitle=Varieties+of+Capital+Cities&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1788116435&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCK5oDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Swiss+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyres-Bennett,_WendyCarruthers,_Janice2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Ayres-Bennett" title="Wendy Ayres-Bennett">Ayres-Bennett, Wendy</a>; Carruthers, Janice (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EOR8DwAAQBAJ"><i>Manual of Romance Sociolinguistics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>. p. 529. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110365955" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110365955"><bdi>978-3110365955</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Romance+Sociolinguistics&rft.pages=529&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3110365955&rft.au=Ayres-Bennett%2C+Wendy&rft.au=Carruthers%2C+Janice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEOR8DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Swiss+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">Modern German</a>: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Alte Eidgenossenschaft</i></span>; historically <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Eidgenossenschaft" title="Eidgenossenschaft">Eidgenossenschaft</a></i></span>, after the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformation">Reformation</a> also <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Corps des Suisses</i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Confoederatio helvetica</i></span> "Confederation of the Swiss")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the charters of the 14th century described as "communities" (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">communitas hominum</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Lantlüte</i></span>), the German term <i>Orte</i> becomes common in the early 15th century, used alongside <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stand</i></span> "estate" after the Reformation. The French term <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">canton</i></span> is used in Fribourg in 1475, and after 1490 is increasingly used in French and Italian documents. It only enters occasional German usage after 1648, and only gains official status as synonym of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stand</i></span> with the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a> of 1803. <i>Kantone</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D26414.php"><span title="Kantone in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F26414.php"><span title="Kantone in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I26414.php"><span title="Kantone in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsCunningham1889" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Francis Ottiwell; Cunningham, C. D. (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OTb1wgEACAAJ"><i>The Swiss Confederation</i></a>. Macmillan and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Swiss+Confederation&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Francis+Ottiwell&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+C.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOTb1wgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Swiss+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrackan" class="citation cs2">McCrackan, W. D., <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rise_of_the_Swiss_Republic/Book_2/Chapter_5#Federal_Charter">"The First Perpetual League"</a>, <i>The Rise of the Swiss Republic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Rise+of+the+Swiss+Republic&rft.atitle=The+First+Perpetual+League&rft.aulast=McCrackan&rft.aufirst=W.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Rise_of_the_Swiss_Republic%2FBook_2%2FChapter_5%23Federal_Charter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Swiss+Confederacy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwabe-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schwabe_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwabe_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwabe_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwabe & Co.: <i>Geschichte der Schweiz und der Schweizer</i>, Schwabe & Co 1986/2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7965-2067-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7965-2067-7">3-7965-2067-7</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eidg-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eidg_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eidg_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Würgler, A.: <i>Eidgenossenschaft</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D26413.php"><span title="Eidgenossenschaft in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F26413.php"><span title="Eidgenossenschaft in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I26413.php"><span title="Eidgenossenschaft in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 8 September 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tagsatzung-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tagsatzung_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Würgler, A.: <i>Tagsatzung</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D10076.php"><span title="Tagsatzung in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F10076.php"><span title="Tagsatzung in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I10076.php"><span title="Tagsatzung in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 1 March 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imhof-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imhof_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Im Hof, U.. <i>Geschichte der Schweiz</i>, 7th ed., Stuttgart: <a href="/wiki/W._Kohlhammer" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Kohlhammer">W. Kohlhammer</a>, 1974/2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-17-017051-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-17-017051-1">3-17-017051-1</a>. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gruyere-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gruyere_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Boschetti-Maradi, A.: <i>County of Gruyère</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D8148.php"><span title="County of Gruyère in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F8148.php"><span title="County of Gruyère in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I8148.php"><span title="County of Gruyère in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 28 June 2004.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aubert, J.-F.: <i>Petite histoire constitutionnelle de la Suisse</i>, 2nd ed.; Francke Editions, Bern, 1974. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Marabello, Thomas Quinn (2023). "The Origins of Democracy in Switzerland," S<i>wiss American Historical Society Review</i>, Vol. 59: No. 1. Available at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol59/iss1/4">https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol59/iss1/4</a></li> <li>Peyer, H. C.: <i>Verfassungsgeschichte der alten Schweiz</i>, Schulthess Polygraphischer Verlag, Zürich, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7255-1880-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7255-1880-7">3-7255-1880-7</a>. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Swiss_Confederacy&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alte_Eidgenossenschaft" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alte Eidgenossenschaft">Alte Eidgenossenschaft (Old Swiss Confederacy)</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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.nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Switzerland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Switzerland_topics" title="Template talk:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Old Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtli_Oath" title="Rütli Oath">Rütli Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Switzerland" title="List of wars involving Switzerland">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Physiographic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">JU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">VD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">ZH</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">list of cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Switzerland" title="NUTS statistical regions of Switzerland">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Switzerland" title="List of earthquakes in Switzerland">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Switzerland" title="List of extreme points of Switzerland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Switzerland" title="Forests of Switzerland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Switzerland" title="List of islands of Switzerland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of lakes of Switzerland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Switzerland" title="List of mountain passes in Switzerland">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prominent_mountains_of_Switzerland" title="List of prominent mountains of Switzerland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_parks_in_Switzerland" title="Nature parks in Switzerland">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Switzerland" title="List of rivers of Switzerland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Switzerland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland)" title="National Redoubt (Switzerland)">National Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland" title="Popular initiative in Switzerland">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_decree" title="Federal decree">Federal decree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Switzerland" title="Economic history of Switzerland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Switzerland" title="List of banks in Switzerland">Private banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Switzerland" title="List of companies of Switzerland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Switzerland" title="Science and technology in Switzerland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_made" title="Swiss made">Swiss made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Switzerland" title="Trade unions in Switzerland">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Switzerland" title="Transport in Switzerland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Switzerland" title="List of airports in Switzerland">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_main_roads" title="List of Swiss main roads">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Society of Switzerland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Switzerland" title="Capital punishment in Switzerland">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Switzerland" title="Corruption in Switzerland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Switzerland" title="Crime in Switzerland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Switzerland" title="Firearms regulation in Switzerland">Firearms regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland" title="Health in Switzerland">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Switzerland" title="Human trafficking in Switzerland">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_system_in_Switzerland" title="Pension system in Switzerland">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Switzerland" title="List of prisons in Switzerland">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Switzerland" title="Prostitution in Switzerland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Switzerland" title="Social security in Switzerland">Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Policy_in_Switzerland" title="Public Welfare Policy in Switzerland">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Switzerland" title="Mass media in Switzerland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Day" title="Swiss National Day">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Switzerland" title="National symbols of Switzerland">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Inventory_of_Cultural_Property_of_National_and_Regional_Significance" title="Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance">Cultural Property of National Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Switzerland" title="Category:Switzerland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q435583#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/026413">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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history of Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Early modern history of Switzerland">Early modern history of Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_confederations" title="Category:Former confederations">Former confederations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_Europe" title="Category:Former countries in Europe">Former countries in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:States of the Holy Roman Empire">States of the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1290s_establishments_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:1290s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire">1290s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1291_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1291 establishments in Europe">1291 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1798_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1798 disestablishments in Europe">1798 disestablishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_establishments_in_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Category:13th-century establishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy">13th-century establishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_disestablishments_in_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Category:18th-century disestablishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy">18th-century disestablishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries" title="Category:Former countries">Former countries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Switzerland_by_period" title="Category:History of Switzerland by period">History of Switzerland by period</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2nd_millennium_in_Switzerland" title="Category:2nd millennium in Switzerland">2nd millennium in Switzerland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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