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cholinesterase inhibitor</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: cholinesterase inhibitor"> <meta name="keywords" content="cholinesterase inhibitor"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="cholinesterase inhibitor"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 397</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: cholinesterase inhibitor</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Cholinesterase Inhibitory Indole Alkaloids from the Bark of Rauvolfia reflexa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehran%20Fadaeinasab">Mehran Fadaeinasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Basiri"> Alireza Basiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yalda%20Kia"> Yalda Kia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Karimian"> Hamed Karimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hapipah%20Mohd%20Ali"> Hapipah Mohd Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikneswaran%20Murugaiyah"> Vikneswaran Murugaiyah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two new, rauvolfine C and 3- methyl-10,11-dimethoxyl-6- methoxycarbonyl- β- carboline, along with five known indole alkaloids, macusine B, vinorine, undulifoline, isoresrpiline and rescinnamine were isolated from the bark of Rauvolfia reflexa. All the compounds showed good to moderate cholinesterase inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of 8.06 to 73.23 πM, except rauvolfine C that was inactive against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Rescinnamine, a dual inhibitor was found to be the most potent inhibitor among the isolated alkaloids against both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Molecular docking revealed that rescinnamine interacted differently on AChE and BChE, by means of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rauvolfia%20reflexa" title="Rauvolfia reflexa">Rauvolfia reflexa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indole%20alkaloids" title=" indole alkaloids"> indole alkaloids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylcholinesterase" title=" acetylcholinesterase"> acetylcholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butyrylcholinesterase" title=" butyrylcholinesterase"> butyrylcholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30034/cholinesterase-inhibitory-indole-alkaloids-from-the-bark-of-rauvolfia-reflexa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> Cannabis Sativa L as Natural Source of Promising Anti-Alzheimer Drug Candidates: A Comprehensive Computational Approach Including Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, Admet and MM-PBSA Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Nour">Hassan Nour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouh%20Mounadi"> Nouh Mounadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oussama%20Abchir"> Oussama Abchir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belaidi%20Salah"> Belaidi Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Chtita"> Samir Chtita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholinesterase enzymes are biological catalysts essential for the transformation of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter implicated in memory and learning, into acetic acid and choline, altering the neurotransmission process in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Therefore, inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes is a relevant strategy for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The current investigation aims to explore potential Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors through a comprehensive computational approach. Forty-nine phytoconstituents extracted from Cannabis sativa L were in-silico screened using molecular docking, pharmacokinetic and toxicological analysis to evaluate their possible inhibitory effect towards the cholinesterase enzymes. Two phytoconstituents belonging to cannabinoid derivatives were revealed to be promising candidates for Alzheimer therapy by acting as cholinesterase inhibitors. They have exhibited high binding affinities towards the cholinesterase enzymes and showed their ability to interact with key residues involved in cholinesterase enzymatic activity. In addition, they presented good ADMET profiles allowing them to be promising oral drug candidates. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were executed to explore their interactions stability under mimetic biological conditions and thus support our findings. To corroborate the docking results, the binding free energy corresponding to the more stable ligand-ChE complexes was re-estimated by applying the MM-PBSA method. MD and MM-PBSA studies affirmed that the ligand-ChE recognition is spontaneous reaction leading to stable complexes. The conducted investigations have led to great findings that would strongly guide the pharmaceutical industries towards the rational development of potent anti-Alzheimer agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease" title="alzheimer’s disease">alzheimer’s disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabis%20sativa%20l" title=" cannabis sativa l"> cannabis sativa l</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitors" title=" cholinesterase inhibitors"> cholinesterase inhibitors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171130/cannabis-sativa-l-as-natural-source-of-promising-anti-alzheimer-drug-candidates-a-comprehensive-computational-approach-including-molecular-docking-molecular-dynamics-admet-and-mm-pbsa-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> The Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials of Different Extracts from Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Zengin">Gokhan Zengin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahman%20Aktumsek"> Abdurrahman Aktumsek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The key enzyme inhibitory theory is one of the most accepted strategies in the treatment of global health problems including Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes mellitus. For this reason, the enzyme inhibitory potentials of different solvent extracts from Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia were investigated against cholinesterase, and tyrosinase. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory potentials were measured with a microplate reader. The acetone and methanol extracts exhibited the strongest enzyme inhibitory effects on cholinesterase. However, the water extract was only active on tyrosinase. The results suggested that Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia could be considered as a source of natural enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of major health problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20inhibitors" title="enzyme inhibitors">enzyme inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase" title=" cholinesterase"> cholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tyrosinase" title=" tyrosinase"> tyrosinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linaria" title=" linaria"> linaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46806/the-enzyme-inhibitory-potentials-of-different-extracts-from-linaria-genistifolia-subsp-genistifolia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46806.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> Cannabis Sativa L as Natural Source of Promising Anti-Alzheimer Drug Candidates: A Comprehensive Computational Approach Including Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, ADMET and MM-PBSA Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Nour">Hassan Nour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouh%20Mounadi"> Nouh Mounadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oussama%20Abchir"> Oussama Abchir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belaidi%20Salah"> Belaidi Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Chtita"> Samir Chtita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholinesterase enzymes are biological catalysts essential for the transformation of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter implicated in memory and learning, into acetic acid and choline, altering the neurotransmission process in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Therefore, inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes is a relevant strategy for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The current investigation aims to explore potential cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors through a comprehensive computational approach. Forty-nine phytoconstituents extracted from Cannabis sativa L. were in-silico screened using molecular docking and pharmacokinetic and toxicological analysis to evaluate their possible inhibitory effect on the cholinesterase enzymes. Two phytoconstituents belonging to cannabinoid derivatives were revealed to be promising candidates for Alzheimer's therapy by acting as cholinesterase inhibitors. They have exhibited high binding affinities towards the cholinesterase enzymes and showed their ability to interact with key residues involved in cholinesterase enzymatic activity. In addition, they presented good ADMET profiles allowing them to be promising oral drug candidates. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were executed to explore their interaction stability under mimetic biological conditions and thus support our findings. To corroborate the docking results, the binding free energy corresponding to the more stable ligand-ChE complexes was re-estimated by applying the MM-PBSA method. MD and MM-PBSA studies affirmed that the ligand-ChE recognition is a spontaneous reaction leading to stable complexes. The conducted investigations have led to great findings that would strongly guide the pharmaceutical industries toward the rational development of potent anti-Alzheimer agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease" title="Alzheimer’s disease">Alzheimer’s disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cannabis%20sativa%20L." title=" Cannabis sativa L."> Cannabis sativa L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitors" title=" cholinesterase inhibitors"> cholinesterase inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADMET" title=" ADMET"> ADMET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MM-PBSA" title=" MM-PBSA"> MM-PBSA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171128/cannabis-sativa-l-as-natural-source-of-promising-anti-alzheimer-drug-candidates-a-comprehensive-computational-approach-including-molecular-docking-molecular-dynamics-admet-and-mm-pbsa-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> In vitro and in vivo Assessment of Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of the Bark Extracts of Pterocarpus santalinus L. for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Biswas">K. Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20H.%20Armin"> U. H. Armin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20J.%20Prodhan"> S. M. J. Prodhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Prithul"> J. A. Prithul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sarker"> S. Sarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Afrin"> F. Afrin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (a progressive neurodegenerative disorder) is mostly predominant cause of dementia in the elderly. Prolonging the function of acetylcholine by inhibiting both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase is most effective treatment therapy of AD. Traditionally <em>Pterocarpus santalinus</em> L. is widely known for its medicinal use. In this study, <em>in vitro</em> acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was investigated and methanolic extract of the plant showed significant activity. To confirm this activity (<em>in vivo</em>), learning and memory enhancing effects were tested in mice. For the test, memory impairment was induced by scopolamine (cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist). Anti-amnesic effect of the extract was investigated by the passive avoidance task in mice. The study also includes brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Results proved that scopolamine induced cognitive dysfunction was significantly decreased by administration of the extract solution, in the passive avoidance task and inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase activity. These results suggest that bark extract of <em>Pterocarpus santalinus</em> can be better option for further studies on AD via their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory actions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pterocarpus%20santalinus" title="Pterocarpus santalinus">Pterocarpus santalinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitor" title=" cholinesterase inhibitor"> cholinesterase inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20avoidance" title=" passive avoidance"> passive avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease" title=" Alzheimer’s disease"> Alzheimer’s disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97700/in-vitro-and-in-vivo-assessment-of-cholinesterase-inhibitory-activity-of-the-bark-extracts-of-pterocarpus-santalinus-l-for-the-treatment-of-alzheimers-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> Thiosemicarbazone Derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine as Corrosion Inhibitor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Al-Amiery">Ahmed A. Al-Amiery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmin%20K.%20Al-Majedy"> Yasmin K. Al-Majedy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Amir%20H.%20Kadhum"> Abdul Amir H. Kadhum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Bakar%20Mohamad"> Abu Bakar Mohamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of synthesized thiosemicarbazone namely 2-(1,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylbenzylidene)amino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide investigated as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1N H2SO4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PD) in addition of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that this inhibitor behaved as a good corrosion inhibitor even at low concentration with a mean efficiency of 93%. Polarization technique and EIS were tested in different concentrations reveal that this compound is adsorbed on the mild steel, therefore blocking the active sites and the adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. SEM shows that mild steel surface is nearly perfect for mild steel which was immersed in a solution of H2SO4 with corrosion inhibitor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibitor" title="corrosion inhibitor">corrosion inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiosemicarbazide" title=" thiosemicarbazide"> thiosemicarbazide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance" title=" electrochemical impedance"> electrochemical impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy"> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1922/thiosemicarbazone-derived-from-4-aminoantipyrine-as-corrosion-inhibitor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">391</span> Investigation of the Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Tagetes erecta Extract for Mild Steel in Nitric Acid: Gravimetric Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvam%20Noyel%20Victoria">Selvam Noyel Victoria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kavita%20Yadav"> Kavita Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manivannan%20Ramachandran"> Manivannan Ramachandran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The extract of Tagetes erecta (marigold flower) was used as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in nitric acid medium. The weight loss measurements were performed to understand the inhibition mechanism. The effect of temperature on the behaviour of mild steel corrosion without and with inhibitor was studied. The temperature studies revealed that the activation energy increased from 12 kJ/mol to 28.8 kJ/mol with the addition of 500 ppm inhibitor concentration. The thermodynamic analysis and the adsorption isotherm studies revealed that the molecules of inhibitor show physical adsorption on the surface of mild steel. Based on weight loss measurements, adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface of mild steel follows Langmuir isotherm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tagetes%20erecta" title="Tagetes erecta">Tagetes erecta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitor" title=" inhibitor"> inhibitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92762/investigation-of-the-corrosion-inhibition-mechanism-of-tagetes-erecta-extract-for-mild-steel-in-nitric-acid-gravimetric-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">390</span> Factors Associated with Pesticides Used and Plasma Cholinesterase Level among Agricultural Workers in Rural Area, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pirakorn%20Sukonthaman">Pirakorn Sukonthaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paphitchaya%20Temphattharachok">Paphitchaya Temphattharachok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warangkana%20Thammasanya"> Warangkana Thammasanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kraichart%20Tantrakarnarpa"> Kraichart Tantrakarnarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanongson%20Tientavorn"> Tanongson Tientavorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agriculture is the main occupation in Thailand. Excessive amount of pesticides are used to increase the products but are toxic to human body. In 2009, Bureau of Epidemiology received 1,691 cases reported with pesticides toxicity (2.66:100,000) which 10.61 % of them is caused by Organophosphate. The purposes are to find factors associated with pesticides used and plasma cholinesterase level and other emerging issues that previous studies did not explain among agricultural workers in Baan Na Yao, Chachoengsao, Thailand. This research was an exploratory mixed method study. Qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires were used together in order to gather information from the agricultural workers (mainly cassava and rice farming) directly exposed to pesticides within 2 months simultaneously. Qualitative participants were selected by purposive sampling and a total survey for quantitative ones. The quantitative data was statistically analyzed by using multiple logistic regression model. Qualitative data was transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. For qualitative study, 15 participants were interviewed and 300/323 participants (92.88%) were given questionnaires, of which were 175 male and 125 female and 113 among them were spraymen. The prevalence of abnormal plasma cholinesterase level was 92.28% (Safe 7.72% Risky 49.33% and Unsafe 42.95%). Participants with inappropriate behaviors during spraying had a significant association with plasma cholinesterase level (95%CI=1.399-14.858) but other factors such as age, gender, education, attitude and knowledge had no association. They also had encountered various symptoms from pesticides such as fatigue (61%), vertigo (59.67%) and headache (58.86%), etc. Although they had high knowledge and attitude they still had poor behaviors. Moreover, our qualitative component showed that though they had worn the personal protective equipment (PPE) regularly, their PPE was not standard. Not only substandard PPE, but also there were obstacles of wearing such as the hot climate and inconvenience. They misunderstood their symptoms from using pesticides as allergy. Therefore, they did not seek for proper medical check-ups and treatment. This research revealed almost all of the participants have abnormal levels of plasma cholinesterase related especially those with poor behaviors. They also wore PPE but inadequately and misunderstood the symptoms produced by organophosphate use as allergy. Therefore, they did not seek for medical treatment. Occupation health education, modification of PPE and periodic medical checking are ways to make agricultural workers concern and know if there is any progression in a long term. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title="pesticides">pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20cholinesterase%20level" title=" plasma cholinesterase level"> plasma cholinesterase level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spraymen" title=" spraymen"> spraymen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20workers" title=" agricultural workers"> agricultural workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18815/factors-associated-with-pesticides-used-and-plasma-cholinesterase-level-among-agricultural-workers-in-rural-area-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">389</span> Nanoparticle Based Green Inhibitor for Corrosion Protection of Zinc in Acidic Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Parekh">Neha Parekh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Ladha"> Divya Ladha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonam%20Wadhwani"> Poonam Wadhwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20Shah"> Nisha Shah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nano scaled materials have attracted tremendous interest as corrosion inhibitor due to their high surface area on the metal surfaces. It is well known that the zinc oxide nanoparticles have higher reactivity towards aqueous acidic solution. This work presents a new method to incorporate zinc oxide nanoparticles with white sesame seeds extract (nano-green inhibitor) for corrosion protection of zinc in acidic medium. The morphology of the zinc oxide nanoparticles was investigated by TEM and DLS. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the green inhibitor and nano-green inhibitor was determined by Gravimetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Gravimetric measurements suggested that nano-green inhibitor is more effective than green inhibitor. Furthermore, with the increasing temperature, inhibition efficiency increases for both the inhibitors. In addition, it was established the Temkin adsorption isotherm fits well with the experimental data for both the inhibitors. The effect of temperature and Temkin adsorption isotherm revealed Chemisorption mechanism occurring in the system. The activation energy (Ea) and other thermodynamic parameters for inhibition process were calculated. The data of EIS showed that the charge transfer controls the corrosion process. The surface morphology of zinc metal (specimen) in absence and presence of green inhibitor and nano-green inhibitor were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. The outcomes indicated a formation of a protective layer over zinc metal (specimen). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20inhibitor" title=" green inhibitor"> green inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc "> zinc </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40529/nanoparticle-based-green-inhibitor-for-corrosion-protection-of-zinc-in-acidic-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">388</span> Study of seum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Pediatric Patients with Hemophilia A</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Mohammad%20Atef%20Sabaika">Sara Mohammad Atef Sabaika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The development of factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor and hemophilic arthropathy in patients with hemophilia A (PWHA) are a great challenge for hemophilia care. Both genetic and environmental factors led to complications in PWHA. The development of inhibitory antibodies is usually induced by the immune response. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), one of the cytokines, might contribute to its polymorphism. Aim: Study the association between tumor necrosis alpha level and genotypes in pediatric patients with hemophilia A and its relation to inhibitor development and joint status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sufficient number of PWHA attending the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric department in Menoufia University hospital. The clinical parameters, FVIII, FVIII inhibitor, and serum TNF-α level were assessed. The genotyping of −380G > A TNF-α gene polymorphism was performed using real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among the 50 PWHA, 28 (56%) were identified as severe PWHA. The FVIII inhibitor was identified in 6/28 (21.5%) of severe PWHA. There was a significant correlation between serum TNF-α level and the development of inhibitor (p = 0:043). There was significant correlation between polymorphisms of −380G > A TNF-α gene and hemophilic arthropathy development (p = 0:645). Conclusion: The prevalence of FVIII inhibitor in severe PWHA in Menoufia was 21.5%. The frequency of replacement therapy is a risk factor for inhibitor development. Serum TNF-α level and its gene polymorphism might be used to predict inhibitor development and joint status in pediatric patients with hemophilia A. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemophilic%20arthropathy" title="hemophilic arthropathy">hemophilic arthropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNF%20alpha." title=" TNF alpha."> TNF alpha.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patients%20witb%20hemophilia%20A%20PWHA" title=" patients witb hemophilia A PWHA"> patients witb hemophilia A PWHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitor" title=" inhibitor"> inhibitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167340/study-of-seum-tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-in-pediatric-patients-with-hemophilia-a" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">387</span> In vivo Inhibition and Restoration of Acetyl Cholinesterase Activities in Induced Clarias Gariepinus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20O.%20Ikpesu">T. O. Ikpesu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Tongo"> I. Tongo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ariyo"> A. Ariyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to assess the effects of an organophosphate pesticide glyphosate formulation on neurological enzymes in the brain, liver and serum of juvenile Clarias gariepinus, and also to examine the antidotal prospect of Garcinia kola seeds extract. The fish divided into five groups were exposed to different treatments of glyphosate formulation and Garcinia kola seeds extract. Acetyl cholinesterase activities in the brain, liver and serum of the fish were estimated in the experimental and control fishes on day -7, 14, 21 and of 28 by spectrophotometrical methods. The enzyme was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited in glyphosate formulation test. The inhibition percentages of AChE ranged for the brain, liver and serum between 40.7–59.4%, 50-57% and 27.5–51.3%, respectively. The aberrated parameters were recovered in G. kola seeds extract treated aquaria, and was dose and time dependent. The present study demonstrated that in vivo glyphosate formulation exposure caused AChE inhibition in the brain, liver and the serum. The brain tissue, however, might be suggested as a good indicator tissue for aquatic pollutants exposure in the fish and G. kola seeds extract has shown to be a good remedy for neurology restoration in a noxious circumstance. The findings has shown that xenobiotics could be eliminated from aquatic organisms, especially fish, and could be put into practice in areas at risk of pollutants. This approach can reduce the risks of biomagnification of poison in sea food. Hence, formulation of this plant extracts into capsule should be encouraged and supported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glyphosate" title="glyphosate">glyphosate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20gariepinus" title=" Clarias gariepinus"> Clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title=" brain"> brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garcinia%20kola" title=" Garcinia kola"> Garcinia kola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetyl%20cholinesterase" title=" acetyl cholinesterase"> acetyl cholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymes" title=" enzymes "> enzymes </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9259/in-vivo-inhibition-and-restoration-of-acetyl-cholinesterase-activities-in-induced-clarias-gariepinus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">386</span> Eco-Friendly Polymeric Corrosion Inhibitor for Sour Oilfield Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Rahimi">Alireza Rahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Farhadian"> Abdolreza Farhadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Tajik"> Arash Tajik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaheh%20Sadeh"> Elaheh Sadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avni%20Berisha"> Avni Berisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmaeil%20Akbari%20Nezhad"> Esmaeil Akbari Nezhad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although natural polymers have been shown to have some inhibitory properties on sour corrosion, they are not considered very effective green corrosion inhibitors. Accordingly, effective corrosion inhibitors should be developed based on natural resources to mitigate sour corrosion in the oil and gas industry. Here, Arabic gum was employed as an eco-friendly precursor for the synthesis of innovative polyurethanes designed as highly efficient corrosion inhibitors for sour oilfield solutions. A comprehensive assessment, combining experimental and computational analyses, was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory performance of the inhibitor. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that a concentration of 200 mM of the inhibitor offered substantial protection to mild steel against sour corrosion, yielding inhibition efficiencies of 98% and 95% at 25 ºC and 60 ºC, respectively. Additionally, the presence of the inhibitor led to a smoother steel surface, indicating the adsorption of polyurethane molecules onto the metal surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results further validated the chemical adsorption of the inhibitor on mild steel surfaces. Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy revealed a shift in the potential distribution of the steel surface towards negative values, indicating inhibitor adsorption and corrosion process inhibition. Molecular dynamic simulation indicated high adsorption energy values for the inhibitor, suggesting its spontaneous adsorption onto the Fe (110) surface. These findings underscore the potential of Arabic gum as a viable resource for the development of polyurethanes under mild conditions, serving as effective corrosion inhibitors for sour solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20effect" title="environmental effect">environmental effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20gum" title=" Arabic gum"> Arabic gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibitor" title=" corrosion inhibitor"> corrosion inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sour%20corrosion" title=" sour corrosion"> sour corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177782/eco-friendly-polymeric-corrosion-inhibitor-for-sour-oilfield-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">385</span> Zamzam Water as Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel Rebar in Rainwater and Simulated Acid Rain </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Elshami">Ahmed A. Elshami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Bonnet"> Stephanie Bonnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhafid%20Khelidj"> Abdelhafid Khelidj </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corrosion inhibitors are widely used in concrete industry to reduce the corrosion rate of steel rebar which is present in contact with aggressive environments. The present work aims to using Zamzam water from well located within the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia 20 m (66 ft) east of the Kaaba, the holiest place in Islam as corrosion inhibitor for steel in rain water and simulated acid rain. The effect of Zamzam water was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic polarization techniques in Department of Civil Engineering - IUT Saint-Nazaire, Nantes University, France. Zamzam water is considered to be one of the most important steel corrosion inhibitor which is frequently used in different industrial applications. Results showed that zamzam water gave a very good inhibition for steel corrosion in rain water and simulated acid rain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zamzam%20water" title="Zamzam water">Zamzam water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibitor" title=" corrosion inhibitor"> corrosion inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain%20water" title=" rain water"> rain water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20acid%20rain" title=" simulated acid rain"> simulated acid rain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14797/zamzam-water-as-corrosion-inhibitor-for-steel-rebar-in-rainwater-and-simulated-acid-rain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">384</span> Corrosion Inhibition of AA2024 Alloy with Graphene Oxide Derivative: Electrochemical and Surface Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisrine%20Benzbiria">Nisrine Benzbiria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Thoume"> Abderrahmane Thoume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Zertoubi"> Mustapha Zertoubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this research is to investigate the corrosion inhibition potential of functionalized graphene oxide (GO) with oxime derivative on AA2024-T3 surface in synthetic seawater. The utilization of functionalized graphene oxide is creating a category of corrosion inhibitors known as organically modified nanomaterials. In our work, the functionalization of GO by chalcone oxime enables graphene oxide to have enhanced water solubility and a good corrosion mitigation capacity. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate the main functional groups of the inhibitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves (PDP) showed that the inhibitor acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibitory efficiency (IE) improved as the concentration increased to a value of 96% after one hour of exposure to a medium containing 60 mg/L ppm of the inhibitor. According to thermodynamic calculations, the adsorption of the inhibitor on the AA2024-T3 surface in 3% NaCl followed the Langmuir isotherm. The formation of a barrier layer was further confirmed by surface analysis. The protective film prevented the alloy dissolution and limited the accessibility of attacking ions, as evinced by solution analysis techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA2024-T3" title="AA2024-T3">AA2024-T3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl" title=" NaCl"> NaCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20methods" title=" electrochemical methods"> electrochemical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FT-IR" title=" FT-IR"> FT-IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM%2FAFM" title=" SEM/AFM"> SEM/AFM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MC%20simulation" title=" MC simulation"> MC simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181206/corrosion-inhibition-of-aa2024-alloy-with-graphene-oxide-derivative-electrochemical-and-surface-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">383</span> Corrosion Inhibition of Copper in 1M HNO3 Solution by Oleic Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nigri">S. Nigri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Oumeddour"> R. Oumeddour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Djazi"> F. Djazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inhibition of the corrosion of copper in 1 M HNO3 solution by oleic acid was investigated by weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies. The experimental results have showed that this compound revealed a good corrosion inhibition and the inhibition efficiency is increased with the inhibitor concentration to reach 98%. The results obtained revealed that the adsorption of the inhibitor molecule onto metal surface is found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The temperature effect on the corrosion behavior of copper in 1 M HNO3 without and with inhibitor at different concentration was studied in the temperature range from 303 to 333 K and the kinetic parameters activation such as Ea, ∆Ha and ∆Sa were evaluated. Tafel plot analysis revealed that oleic acid acts as a mixed type inhibitor. SEM analysis substantiated the formation of protective layer over the copper surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oleic%20acid" title="oleic acid">oleic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20loss" title=" weight loss"> weight loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20measurement" title=" electrochemical measurement"> electrochemical measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM%20analysis" title=" SEM analysis"> SEM analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36283/corrosion-inhibition-of-copper-in-1m-hno3-solution-by-oleic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">382</span> Field Deployment of Corrosion Inhibitor Developed for Sour Oil and Gas Carbon Steel Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremy%20Moloney">Jeremy Moloney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A major oil and gas operator in western Canada producing approximately 50,000 BOE per day of sour fluids was experiencing increased water production along with decreased oil production over several years. The higher water volumes being produced meant an increase in the operator’s incumbent corrosion inhibitor (CI) chemical requirements but with reduced oil production revenues. Thus, a cost-effective corrosion inhibitor solution was sought to deliver enhanced corrosion mitigation of the carbon steel pipeline infrastructure but at reduced chemical injection dose rates. This paper presents the laboratory work conducted on the development of a corrosion inhibitor under the operator’s simulated sour operating conditions and then subsequent field testing of the product. The new CI not only provided extremely good levels of general and localized corrosion inhibition and outperformed the incumbent CI under the laboratory test conditions but did so at vastly lower concentrations. In turn, the novel CI product facilitated field chemical injection rates to be optimized and reduced by 40% compared with the incumbent whilst maintaining superior corrosion protection resulting in significant cost savings and associated sustainability benefits for the operator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20steel" title="carbon steel">carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sour%20gas" title=" sour gas"> sour gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20sulphide" title=" hydrogen sulphide"> hydrogen sulphide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localized%20corrosion" title=" localized corrosion"> localized corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitting" title=" pitting"> pitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibitor" title=" corrosion inhibitor"> corrosion inhibitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169648/field-deployment-of-corrosion-inhibitor-developed-for-sour-oil-and-gas-carbon-steel-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">381</span> Conversion of Carcinogenic Liquid-Wastes of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Industry to ‎an Environmentally Safe Product: Corrosion Inhibitor and Biocide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Hegazy">Mohamed A. Hegazy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) petrochemical companies produce huge amount of byproduct which characterized as carcinogenic liquid-wastes, insoluble in water, highly corrosive and highly offensive. This byproduct is partially use, a small part, in the production of hydrochloric acid and the huge part is a waste. Therefore, the aim of this work was to conversion of such PVC wastes, to an environmentally safe product that act as a corrosion Inhibitor for metals in ‎aqueous media and as a biocide for microorganisms. This conversion method was accomplished mainly to protect the environment and to produce high economic value-products. The conversion process was established and the final product was tested for the toxicity, water solubility in comparison to the crude product. Furthermore, the end product was tested as a corrosion inhibitor in 1M HCl and as a broad-spectrum biocide against standard microbial strains and against the environmentally isolated Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) microbial community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVC" title="PVC">PVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibitor" title=" corrosion inhibitor"> corrosion inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocide" title=" biocide"> biocide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRB" title=" SRB"> SRB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127122/conversion-of-carcinogenic-liquid-wastes-of-poly-vinyl-chloride-pvc-industry-to-an-environmentally-safe-product-corrosion-inhibitor-and-biocide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">380</span> Increased Retention of Nanoparticle by Small Molecule Inhibitor in Cancer Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Singh">Neha Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Nowadays, the nanoparticle is gaining unexceptional attention in targeted drug delivery. But before proceeding to this episode of accomplishment, the journey and closure of these nanoparticles inside the cells should be disentangle. Being foreign for the cells, nanoparticles will easily getcleared off without any effective outcome. As the cancer cells withhold these nanoparticles for a longer period of time, more will be the drug’s effect. Chlorpromazine is a cationic amphiphilic drug which is believed to inhibit clathrin-coated pit formation by a reversible translocation of clathrin and its adapter proteins from the plasma membrane to intracellular vesicles. Chlorpromazine has a role in increasing the retention of nanoparticles in cancer cells. The mechanism of action how this small molecule increases the retention of nanoparticles is still uncovered. Method: Polymeric nanoparticle (PLGA) with Cyanine3.5 dye were synthesized by solvent evaporation method and characterized for size and zeta potential. FTIR was also done. Pulse and chase studies with and without inhibitor were done to check the retention of nanoparticle using fluorescence microscopy. Mean fluorescence intensity was measured by ImageJ software. Results: Increased retention of nanoparticle with inhibitor was observed in both pulse and chase studies. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that by repurposing these small molecule inhibitor, we can increase the retention of nanoparticle at the targeted site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title="nanoparticle">nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endocytosis" title=" endocytosis"> endocytosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clathrin%20%20inhibitor" title=" clathrin inhibitor"> clathrin inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20cell" title=" cancer cell"> cancer cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154283/increased-retention-of-nanoparticle-by-small-molecule-inhibitor-in-cancer-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">379</span> Biochemical Characterization of CTX-M-15 from Enterobacter cloacae and Designing a Novel Non-β-Lactam-β-Lactamase Inhibitor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Faheem">Mohammad Faheem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tabish%20Rehman"> M. Tabish Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Danishuddin"> Mohd Danishuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20U.%20Khan"> Asad U. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The worldwide dissemination of CTX-M type β-lactamases is a threat to human health. Previously, we have reported the spread of blaCTX-M-15 gene in different clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae from the hospital settings of Aligarh in north India. In view of the varying resistance pattern against cephalosporins and other β-lactam antibiotics, we intended to understand the correlation between MICs and catalytic activity of CTX-M-15. In this study, steady-state kinetic parameters and MICs were determined on E. coli DH5α transformed with blaCTX-M-15 gene that was cloned from Enterobacter cloacae (EC-15) strain of clinical background. The effect of conventional β-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam) on CTX-M-15 was also studied. We have found that tazobactam is the best among these inhibitors against CTX-M-15. The inhibition characteristic of tazobactam is defined by its very low IC50 value (6 nM), high affinity (Ki = 0.017 µM) and better acylation efficiency (k+2/K9 = 0.44 µM-1s-1). It forms an acyl-enzyme covalent complex, which is quite stable (k+3 = 0.0057 s-1). Since increasing resistance has been reported against conventional b-lactam antibiotic-inhibitor combinations, we aspire to design a non-b-lactam core containing b-lactamase inhibitor. For this, we screened ZINC database and performed molecular docking to identify a potential non-β-lactam based inhibitor (ZINC03787097). The MICs of cephalosporin antibiotics in combination with this inhibitor gave promising results. Steady-state kinetics and molecular docking studies showed that ZINC03787097 is a reversible inhibitor which binds non-covalently to the active site of the enzyme through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Though, it’s IC50 (180 nM) is much higher than tazobactam, it has good affinity for CTX-M-15 (Ki = 0.388 µM). This study concludes that ZINC03787097 compound can be used as seed molecule to design more efficient non-b-lactam containing b-lactamase inhibitor that could evade pre-existing bacterial resistance mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESBL" title="ESBL">ESBL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-b-lactam-b-lactamase%20inhibitor" title=" non-b-lactam-b-lactamase inhibitor"> non-b-lactam-b-lactamase inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedicine" title=" biomedicine"> biomedicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8157/biochemical-characterization-of-ctx-m-15-from-enterobacter-cloacae-and-designing-a-novel-non-v-lactam-v-lactamase-inhibitor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">378</span> Orange Peel Extracts (OPE) as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Produced Oilfield Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olfat%20E.%20El-Azabawy">Olfat E. El-Azabawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20M.%20Attia"> Enas M. Attia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Shawky"> Nadia Shawky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Hypa"> Amira M. Hypa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, an attempt is made to study the effects of orange peel extract (OPE) as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) within a formation water solution (FW). The study was performed in different concentrations (0.5-2.5% (v/v)) of peel extracts at ambient temperatures (25oC) and (2.5% (v/v)) at temperature range (25- 55 oC) by weight loss measurements, open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance. The inhibition efficiency was calculated from all measurements and confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Inhibition was found to increase with increasing inhibitors concentration and decrease with increasing temperature. It was seen that IE% is about 92.84% in the presence of 2.5% (v/v) of orange peel inhibitor by using weight loss method. The adsorption process was of physical type and obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Also, adsorption, as well as the inhibition process, followed first-order kinetics at all concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly%20corrosion%20inhibitor" title="eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor">eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPE" title=" OPE"> OPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oilfield%20water" title=" oilfield water"> oilfield water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance" title=" electrochemical impedance"> electrochemical impedance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113368/orange-peel-extracts-ope-as-eco-friendly-corrosion-inhibitor-for-carbon-steel-in-produced-oilfield-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">377</span> Histone Deacetylases Inhibitor - Valproic Acid Sensitizes Human Melanoma Cells for alkylating agent and PARP inhibitor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Drzewiecka">Małgorzata Drzewiecka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20%C5%9Aliwi%C5%84ski"> Tomasz Śliwiński</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maciej%20Radek"> Maciej Radek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inhibition of histone deacetyles (HDACs) holds promise as a potential anti-cancer therapy because histone and non-histone protein acetylation is frequently disrupted in cancer, leading to cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) such as class I HDAC inhibitor - valproic acid (VPA) have been shown to enhance the effectiveness of DNA-damaging factors, such as cisplatin or radiation. In this study, we found that, using of VPA in combination with talazoparib (BMN-637 – PARP1 inhibitor – PARPi) and/or Dacarabazine (DTIC - alkylating agent) resulted in increased DNA double strand break (DSB) and reduced survival (while not affecting primary melanocytes )and proliferation of melanoma cells. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of class I HDACs sensitizes melanoma cells to apoptosis following exposure to DTIC and BMN-637. In addition, inhibition of HDAC caused sensitization of melanoma cells to dacarbazine and BMN-637 in melanoma xenografts in vivo. At the mRNA and protein level histone deacetylase inhibitor downregulated RAD51 and FANCD2. This study provides that combining HDACi, alkylating agent and PARPi could potentially enhance the treatment of melanoma, which is known for being one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. The findings presented here point to a scenario in which HDAC via enhancing the HR-dependent repair of DSBs created during the processing of DNA lesions, are essential nodes in the resistance of malignant melanoma cells to methylating agent-based therapies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melanoma" title="melanoma">melanoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hdac" title=" hdac"> hdac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parp%20inhibitor" title=" parp inhibitor"> parp inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valproic%20acid" title=" valproic acid"> valproic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167232/histone-deacetylases-inhibitor-valproic-acid-sensitizes-human-melanoma-cells-for-alkylating-agent-and-parp-inhibitor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">376</span> Investigation of Corrosion Inhibition Potential of Acalypha chamaedrifolia Leaves Extract towards Mild Steel in Acid Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Eyije%20Abechi">Stephen Eyije Abechi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Casimir%20Emmanuel%20Gimba"> Casimir Emmanuel Gimba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaharaddeen%20Nasiru%20Garba"> Zaharaddeen Nasiru Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sani%20Shamsudeen"> Sani Shamsudeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Ebuka%20Authur"> David Ebuka Authur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acid medium using Acalypha chamaedrifolia leaves extract as potential green inhibitor was investigated. Gravimetric (weight loss) technique was used for the corrosion studies. Mild steel coupons of 2cm × 1cm × 0.27 cm dimensions were exposed for varying durations of between 24 to 120 hours, in 1M HCl medium containing a varying concentrations of the leaves extract (0.25g/L, - 1.25g/L). The results show that corrosion rates dropped from a value of 0.49 mgcm-2hr-1 for the uninhibited medium to a value of 0.15 mgcm-2hr-1 for the inhibited medium of 1M HCl in 0.25 g/l of the extract. Values of corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 70.38-85.11% were observed as the concentration of the inhibitor were increased from 0.25g/L, - 1.25g/L. Corrosion Inhibition was found to increase with increase in immersion time and temperature. The magnitude of the Ea indicates that the interaction between the metal surface and the inhibitor was chemisorptions. The Adsorption process fit into the Langmuir isotherm model with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Evidence from molecular dynamics model shows that Methyl stearate (Line 5) and (3Z, 13Z)-2-methyloctadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (line 11) were found to have the highest binding energy of -197.69 ± 3.12 and-194.56 ± 10.04 in kcal/mol respectively. The binding energy of these compounds indicates that they would be a very good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and other Fe related materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binding%20energy" title="binding energy">binding energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitor" title=" inhibitor"> inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=langmuir%20isotherm" title=" langmuir isotherm"> langmuir isotherm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mild%20steel" title=" mild steel"> mild steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43699/investigation-of-corrosion-inhibition-potential-of-acalypha-chamaedrifolia-leaves-extract-towards-mild-steel-in-acid-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">375</span> An Evaluation of Solubility of Wax and Asphaltene in Crude Oil for Improved Flow Properties Using a Copolymer Solubilized in Organic Solvent with an Aromatic Hydrocarbon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Anisuzzaman">S. M. Anisuzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sariah%20Abang"> Sariah Abang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awang%20Bono"> Awang Bono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Krishnaiah"> D. Krishnaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20M.%20Ismail"> N. M. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20B.%20Sandrison"> G. B. Sandrison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wax and asphaltene are high molecular weighted compounds that contribute to the stability of crude oil at a dispersed state. Transportation of crude oil along pipelines from the oil rig to the refineries causes fluctuation of temperature which will lead to the coagulation of wax and flocculation of asphaltenes. This paper focuses on the prevention of wax and asphaltene precipitate deposition on the inner surface of the pipelines by using a wax inhibitor and an asphaltene dispersant. The novelty of this prevention method is the combination of three substances; a wax inhibitor dissolved in a wax inhibitor solvent and an asphaltene solvent, namely, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer dissolved in methylcyclohexane (MCH) and toluene (TOL) to inhibit the precipitation and deposition of wax and asphaltene. The objective of this paper was to optimize the percentage composition of each component in this inhibitor which can maximize the viscosity reduction of crude oil. The optimization was divided into two stages which are the laboratory experimental stage in which the viscosity of crude oil samples containing inhibitor of different component compositions is tested at decreasing temperatures and the data optimization stage using response surface methodology (RSM) to design an optimizing model. The results of experiment proved that the combination of 50% EVA + 25% MCH + 25% TOL gave a maximum viscosity reduction of 67% while the RSM model proved that the combination of 57% EVA + 20.5% MCH + 22.5% TOL gave a maximum viscosity reduction of up to 61%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphaltene" title="asphaltene">asphaltene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene-vinyl%20acetate" title=" ethylene-vinyl acetate"> ethylene-vinyl acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylcyclohexane" title=" methylcyclohexane"> methylcyclohexane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toluene" title=" toluene"> toluene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wax" title=" wax"> wax</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69607/an-evaluation-of-solubility-of-wax-and-asphaltene-in-crude-oil-for-improved-flow-properties-using-a-copolymer-solubilized-in-organic-solvent-with-an-aromatic-hydrocarbon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">374</span> Studies on Mechanisms of Corrosion Inhibition of Acalypha chamaedrifolia Leaves Extract towards Mild Steel in Acid Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Eyije%20Abechi">Stephen Eyije Abechi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Casimir%20Emmanuel%20Gimba"> Casimir Emmanuel Gimba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaharaddeen%20Nasiru%20Garba"> Zaharaddeen Nasiru Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sani%20Shamsudeen"> Sani Shamsudeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Ebuka%20Authur"> David Ebuka Authur </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanisms of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acid medium using Acalypha chamaedrifolia leaves extract as potential green inhibitor were investigated. Gravimetric (weight loss) technique was used for the corrosion studies. Mild steel coupons of 2cm × 1cm × 0.27 cm dimensions were exposed for varying durations of between 24 to 120 hours, in 1M HCl medium containing a varying concentrations of the leaves extract (0.25g/L, - 1.25g/L). The results show that corrosion rates dropped from a value of 0.49 mgcm-2hr-1 for the uninhibited medium to a value of 0.15 mgcm-2hr-1 for the inhibited medium of 1M HCl in 0.25 g/l of the extract. Values of corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 70.38-85.11% were observed as the concentration of the inhibitor were increased from 0.25g/L, - 1.25g/L. Corrosion Inhibition was found to increase with increase in immersion time and temperature. The magnitude of the Ea indicates that the interaction between the metal surface and the inhibitor was chemisorptions. The Adsorption process fit into the Langmuir isotherm model with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Evidence from molecular dynamics model shows that Methyl stearate (Line 5) and (3Z, 13Z)-2-methyloctadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (line 11) were found to have the highest binding energy of -197.69 ± 3.12 and-194.56 ± 10.04 in kcal/mol respectively. The binding energy of these compounds indicates that they would be a very good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and other Fe related materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binding%20energy" title="binding energy">binding energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitor" title=" inhibitor"> inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Langmuir%20isotherm" title=" Langmuir isotherm"> Langmuir isotherm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mild%20steel." title=" mild steel."> mild steel.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46098/studies-on-mechanisms-of-corrosion-inhibition-of-acalypha-chamaedrifolia-leaves-extract-towards-mild-steel-in-acid-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">373</span> Effect of TERGITOL NP-9 and PEG-10 Oleyl Phosphate as Surfactant and Corrosion Inhibitor on Tribo-Corrosion Performance of Carbon Steel in Emulsion-Based Drilling Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadjavad%20Palimi">Mohammadjavad Palimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Y.%20Li"> D. Y. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kuru"> E. Kuru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emulsion-based drilling fluids containing mineral oil are commonly used for drilling operations, which generate a lubricating film to prevent direct contact between moving metal parts, thus reducing friction, wear, and corrosion. For long-lasting lubrication, the thin lubricating film formed on the metal surface should possess good anti-wear and anti-corrosion capabilities. This study aims to investigate the effects of two additives, TERGITOL NP-9 and PEG-10 oleyl phosphate, acting as surfactant and corrosion inhibitor, respectively, on the tribo-corrosion behavior of 1018 carbon steel immersed in 5% KCl solution at room temperature. A pin-on-disc tribometer attached to an electrochemical system was used to investigate the corrosive wear of the steel immersed in emulsion-based fluids containing the surfactant and corrosion inhibitor. The wear track, surface chemistry and composition of the protective film formed on the steel surface were analyzed with an optical profilometer, SEM, and SEM-EDX. Results of the study demonstrate that the performance of the emulsion-based drilling fluids was significantly improved by the corrosion inhibitor by a remarkable reduction in corrosion, coefficient of friction (COF) and wear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibitor" title="corrosion inhibitor">corrosion inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion-based%20drilling%20fluid" title=" emulsion-based drilling fluid"> emulsion-based drilling fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribo-corrosion" title=" tribo-corrosion"> tribo-corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162731/effect-of-tergitol-np-9-and-peg-10-oleyl-phosphate-as-surfactant-and-corrosion-inhibitor-on-tribo-corrosion-performance-of-carbon-steel-in-emulsion-based-drilling-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">372</span> Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Calcium Gluconate in Magnesium Chloride Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olaitan%20Akanji">Olaitan Akanji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cleophas%20Loto"> Cleophas Loto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Popoola"> Patricia Popoola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrei%20Kolesnikov"> Andrei Kolesnikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies involving performance of corrosion inhibitors had been identified as one of the critical research needs for improving the durability of mild steel used in various industrial applications. This paper investigates the inhibiting effect of calcium gluconate against the corrosion of mild steel in 2.5M magnesium chloride using weight loss method and linear polarization technique, calculated corrosion rates from the obtained weight loss data, potentiodynamic polarization measurements are in good agreement. Results revealed calcium gluconate has strong inhibitory effects with inhibitor efficiency increasing with increase in inhibitor concentration at ambient temperature, the efficiency of the inhibitor increased in the following order of concentrations 2%g/vol,1.5%g/vol,1%g/vol,0.5%g/vol. Further results obtained from potentiodynamics experiments had good correlation with those of the gravimetric methods, the adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface from the chloride has been found to obey Langmuir, Frumkin and Freudlich adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation confirmed the existence of an absorbed protective film on the metal surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20gluconate" title="calcium gluconate">calcium gluconate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20chloride" title=" magnesium chloride"> magnesium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mild%20steel" title=" mild steel"> mild steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35377/corrosion-inhibition-of-mild-steel-by-calcium-gluconate-in-magnesium-chloride-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">371</span> Characterization the Internal Corrosion Behavior by Using Natural Inhibitor in Crude Oil of Low Carbon Steel Pipeline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Adnan%20Annon">Iman Adnan Annon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadhim%20F.%20Alsultan"> Kadhim F. Alsultan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigate the internal corrosion of low carbon steel pipelines in the crude oil, as well as prepare and use natural and locally available plant as a natural corrosion inhibiter, the nature extraction achieved by two types of solvents in order to show the solvent effect on inhibition process, the first being distilled water and the second is diethyl ether. FT-IR spectra and using a chemical reagents achieved to detection the presence of many active groups and the presence of tannins, phenols, and alkaloids in the natural extraction. Some experiments were achieved to estimate the performance of a new inhibitor, one of these tests include corrosion measurement by simple immersion in crude oil within and without inhibitors which added in different amounts 30,40,50and 60 ppm at tow temperature 300 and 323k, where the best inhibition efficiencies which get when added the inhibitors in a critical amounts or closest to it, since for the aqueous extract (EB-A) the inhibition efficiency reached (94.4) and (86.71)% at 300 and 323k respectively, and for diethyl ether extract (EB-D) reached (82.87) and (84.6)% at 300 and 323k respectively. Optical microscopy examination have been conducted to evaluate the corrosion nature where it show a clear difference in the topography of the immersed samples surface after add the inhibitors at two temperatures. The results show that the new corrosion inhibitor is not only equivalent to a chemical inhibitor but has greatly improvement properties such as: high efficiency, low cost, non-toxic, easily to produce, and nonpolluting as compared with chemical inhibitor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20in%20pipeline" title="corrosion in pipeline">corrosion in pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitors" title=" inhibitors"> inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil" title=" crude oil"> crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20steel" title=" carbon steel"> carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=types%20of%20solvent" title=" types of solvent"> types of solvent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143633/characterization-the-internal-corrosion-behavior-by-using-natural-inhibitor-in-crude-oil-of-low-carbon-steel-pipeline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">370</span> MicroRNA-1246 Expression Associated with Resistance to Oncogenic BRAF Inhibitors in Mutant BRAF Melanoma Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hyeon%20Kim">Jae-Hyeon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Lee"> Michael Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intrinsic and acquired resistance limits the therapeutic benefits of oncogenic BRAF inhibitors in melanoma. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate the expression of target mRNAs by repressing their translation. Thus, we investigated miRNA expression patterns in melanoma cell lines to identify candidate biomarkers for acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor. Here, we used Affymetrix miRNA V3.0 microarray profiling platform to compare miRNA expression levels in three cell lines containing BRAF inhibitor-sensitive A375P BRAF V600E cells, their BRAF inhibitor-resistant counterparts (A375P/Mdr), and SK-MEL-2 BRAF-WT cells with intrinsic resistance to BRAF inhibitor. The miRNAs with at least a two-fold change in expression between BRAF inhibitor-sensitive and –resistant cell lines, were identified as differentially expressed. Averaged intensity measurements identified 138 and 217 miRNAs that were differentially expressed by 2 fold or more between: 1) A375P and A375P/Mdr; 2) A375P and SK-MEL-2, respectively. The hierarchical clustering revealed differences in miRNA expression profiles between BRAF inhibitor-sensitive and –resistant cell lines for miRNAs involved in intrinsic and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor. In particular, 43 miRNAs were identified whose expression was consistently altered in two BRAF inhibitor-resistant cell lines, regardless of intrinsic and acquired resistance. Twenty five miRNAs were consistently upregulated and 18 downregulated more than 2-fold. Although some discrepancies were detected when miRNA microarray data were compared with qPCR-measured expression levels, qRT-PCR for five miRNAs (miR-3617, miR-92a1, miR-1246, miR-1936-3p, and miR-17-3p) results showed excellent agreement with microarray experiments. To further investigate cellular functions of miRNAs, we examined effects on cell proliferation. Synthetic oligonucleotide miRNA mimics were transfected into three cell lines, and proliferation was quantified using a colorimetric assay. Of the 5 miRNAs tested, only miR-1246 altered cell proliferation of A375P/Mdr cells. The transfection of miR-1246 mimic strongly conferred PLX-4720 resistance to A375P/Mdr cells, implying that miR-1246 upregulation confers acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition. We also found that PLX-4720 caused much greater G2/M arrest in A375P/Mdr cells transfected with miR-1246mimic than that seen in scrambled RNA-transfected cells. Additionally, miR-1246 mimic partially caused a resistance to autophagy induction by PLX-4720. These results indicate that autophagy does play an essential death-promoting role inPLX-4720-induced cell death. Taken together, these results suggest that miRNA expression profiling in melanoma cells can provide valuable information for a network of BRAF inhibitor resistance-associated miRNAs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microRNA" title="microRNA">microRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRAF%20inhibitor" title=" BRAF inhibitor"> BRAF inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20resistance" title=" drug resistance"> drug resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title=" autophagy"> autophagy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50223/microrna-1246-expression-associated-with-resistance-to-oncogenic-braf-inhibitors-in-mutant-braf-melanoma-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">369</span> Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Haemophilia: A Patient with High Titre of Inhibitor Using Recombinant Factor VIIa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20J.%20Mortazavi">Mohammad J. Mortazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvin%20Najafi"> Arvin Najafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pejman%20Mansouri"> Pejman Mansouri </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hemophilia A is simply described as deficiency of factor VIII(FVIII) and patients with this disorder have bleeding complications in different organs. By using the recombinant factor VIII in these patients, elective orthopedic surgeries have been done approximately in 40 last years. About 10-30 % of these patients have bleeding complications in their surgeries even by using recombinant factor VIII because of their inhibitor against FVIII molecule. Preoperative haemostatic management in these patients is challenging. We treated a 28-year-old male patient with hemophilia A with FVIII inhibitor which had been detected when he was14 years old (with the titer 54 Bethesda unit(BU)) scheduled for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We use 90 µg/kg rFVIIa just before the surgery and every 2 hours during surgery. The patient did not have any significant hemorrhage during the surgery and after that. For the 2 days after surgery, the rFVIIa repeated every 2 hours as the same as preoperative dosage(90 µg/kg) and for another 2 days of postoperative admission it continued every 4 hours. After 4th day, the rFVIIa continued every 6 hours with the same dosage until the sixth day from the surgery, and finally the patient were discharged about two weeks after surgery. Seven days after the discharge, he came back for the follow up visit. On the follow up examination, the site of the surgery had neither infection hemarthroses signs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemophilia" title="hemophilia">hemophilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20VIII%20inhibitor" title=" factor VIII inhibitor"> factor VIII inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20knee%20replacement" title=" total knee replacement"> total knee replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rFVIIa" title=" rFVIIa"> rFVIIa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37428/total-knee-arthroplasty-in-a-haemophilia-a-patient-with-high-titre-of-inhibitor-using-recombinant-factor-viia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">368</span> Application of Pyridine-based Water-soluble Corrosion Inhibitor in Offshore Sweet Oil Pipeline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Yalfani">M. S. Yalfani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kohzadi"> J. Kohzadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Ghadimi"> P. Ghadimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sobhani"> S. Sobhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghadimi"> M. Ghadimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of oil and water-soluble corrosion inhibitors has been established in Iranian oil and gas production systems for a long time. Imidazoline and its derivatives are being extensively used which are known as conventional corrosion inhibitors. This type of product has shown significant performance and low side effects, so that could monopolize the market of inhibitors in this region. However, the price growth of imidazolines, as well as the development of new lower-cost components with similar or even higher performance than imidazoline, have influenced the exclusive market of imidazoline-based products. During the latest years, pyridine and its derivatives have challenged imidazoline due to their remarkable anticorrosive properties and lower prices as well. Recently, we presented a formulated water-soluble inhibitor based on pyridine - an alkyl pyridine quaternary salt (APQS) - which could successfully pass all lab tests and eventually succeeded in being applied in an offshore sweet oil pipeline. The product was able to achieve high corrosion protection (> 90 %) with the LPR technique at low dosages of 15-25 ppm under severe corrosion conditions. Moreover, the lab test results showed that the APQS molecule is able to form a strong and persistent bond with the metal surface. The product was later nominated to be evaluated through a field trial in an offshore sweet oil pipeline where PH2S < 0.05 psi and CO2 is 6.4 mol%. The three-month trial - extended to six months- resulted in remarkable internal protection obtained by continuous injection of 10 ppm inhibitor, which was as low as 1 mpy measured by both weight loss corrosion coupons and online ER probes. In addition, no side effects, such as tight emulsion and stable foaming, were observed. The residual of the corrosion inhibitor was measured at the end of the pipeline to ensure the full coverage of the inhibitor throughout the pipeline. Eventually, these promising results were able to convince the end user to consider pyridine-based inhibitors as a reliable alternative to imidazoline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibitor" title="corrosion inhibitor">corrosion inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyridine" title=" pyridine"> pyridine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweet%20oil" title=" sweet oil"> sweet oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore" title=" offshore"> offshore</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194628/application-of-pyridine-based-water-soluble-corrosion-inhibitor-in-offshore-sweet-oil-pipeline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitor&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitor&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitor&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase%20inhibitor&page=5">5</a></li> 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