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Estrazione liquido-liquido - Wikipedia

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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estrazione liquido-liquido</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 20 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84" title="استخلاص سائل-سائل - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استخلاص سائل-سائل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracci%C3%B3_l%C3%ADquid-l%C3%ADquid" title="Extracció líquid-líquid - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Extracció líquid-líquid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A6ske-v%C3%A6ske-ekstraktion" title="Væske-væske-ekstraktion - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Væske-væske-ekstraktion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%BCssig-Fl%C3%BCssig-Extraktion" title="Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CF%87%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Εκχύλιση - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκχύλιση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%E2%80%93liquid_extraction" title="Liquid–liquid extraction - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Liquid–liquid extraction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracci%C3%B3n_l%C3%ADquido-l%C3%ADquido" title="Extracción líquido-líquido - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Extracción líquido-líquido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likido-likido_erauzketa" title="Likido-likido erauzketa - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Likido-likido erauzketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9" title="استخراج مایع-مایع - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استخراج مایع-مایع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_liquide-liquide" title="Extraction liquide-liquide - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Extraction liquide-liquide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstraksi_pelarut" title="Ekstraksi pelarut - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekstraksi pelarut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%AA%92%E6%8A%BD%E5%87%BA%E6%B3%95" title="溶媒抽出法 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="溶媒抽出法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vloeistof-vloeistofextractie" title="Vloeistof-vloeistofextractie - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vloeistof-vloeistofextractie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_l%C3%ADquido-l%C3%ADquido" title="Extração líquido-líquido - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Extração líquido-líquido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_extraction" title="Solvent extraction - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solvent extraction" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="مائع-مائع استخراج - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مائع-مائع استخراج" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கரைப்பானால் பிரித்தெடுத்தல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரைப்பானால் பிரித்தெடுத்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1v%C4%B1-s%C4%B1v%C4%B1_ekstraksiyonu" title="Sıvı-sıvı ekstraksiyonu - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sıvı-sıvı ekstraksiyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-solvent_extraction" title="I-solvent extraction - xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-solvent extraction" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96" title="溶劑提取 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="溶劑提取" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q780219#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estrazione_liquido-liquido" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Estrazione_liquido-liquido" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estrazione_liquido-liquido"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estrazione_liquido-liquido"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Estrazione_liquido-liquido" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Estrazione_liquido-liquido" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;oldid=141915057" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&amp;page=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;id=141915057&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstrazione_liquido-liquido"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Separatory_funnel-tag.svg/330px-Separatory_funnel-tag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Separatory_funnel-tag.svg/440px-Separatory_funnel-tag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Separazione di fase in un imbuto separatore<br />(<b>1</b>. Olio - <b>2</b>. Acqua)</figcaption></figure> <p>L&#39;<b>estrazione liquido-liquido</b> (indicata con la sigla <b>LLE</b>, dall'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a> <i>liquid-liquid extraction</i>) rappresenta il passaggio di un <a href="/wiki/Soluto" title="Soluto">soluto</a> da un <a href="/wiki/Solvente" title="Solvente">solvente</a> ad un altro solvente differente. È una metodica di laboratorio utilizzata per ottenere <a href="/wiki/Composto_chimico" title="Composto chimico">composti</a> puri da fonti <a href="/wiki/Animali" class="mw-redirect" title="Animali">animali</a> o <a href="/wiki/Vegetali" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetali">vegetali</a> o semplicemente per purificare sostanze impure. Vengono utilizzati due tipi di solventi, con differente livello di polarità e miscibilità reciproca: quelli più <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità">densi</a> e quindi più pesanti dell'<a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a> come il <a href="/wiki/Diclorometano" title="Diclorometano">diclorometano</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Tetracloruro_di_carbonio" title="Tetracloruro di carbonio">tetracloruro di carbonio</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Cloroformio" title="Cloroformio">cloroformio</a> e quelli meno densi e quindi più leggeri dell'acqua come l'<a href="/wiki/Etere_di_petrolio" title="Etere di petrolio">etere di petrolio</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Acetato_di_etile" title="Acetato di etile">acetato di etile</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Etere_etilico" class="mw-redirect" title="Etere etilico">etere etilico</a>. </p><p>Quando i due liquidi vengono inseriti nell'imbuto separatore, grazie all'agitazione manuale vengono divisi in due <a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">fasi</a> (una acquosa e una organica contenente la sostanza estratta) e raggiungono un equilibrio tra la concentrazione del soluto nel primo solvente e la concentrazione del soluto nel secondo solvente. Questo equilibrio è esprimibile grazie al <a href="/wiki/Coefficiente_di_ripartizione_(chimica)" title="Coefficiente di ripartizione (chimica)">coefficiente di ripartizione</a> K dato dal rapporto tra le <a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_(chimica)" title="Concentrazione (chimica)">concentrazioni</a> (g/l) del soluto nei due solventi. Idealmente, il rapporto delle attività della specie in esame nelle due fasi è costante ed indipendente dalla sue quantità totale. Vale a dire, ad una data <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a>: </p><p>K = C<sub>a</sub> / C<sub>b</sub> (a T costante) </p> <ul><li>C<sub>a</sub> = concentrazione all'equilibrio della sostanza nella fase “a”</li> <li>C<sub>b</sub> = concentrazione all'equilibrio della sostanza nella fase “b”</li></ul> <p>Nota come <i>equazione di ripartizione di Nernst</i>. </p><p>In realtà la costante di ripartizione è data dal rapporto tra le attività della sostanza nelle due fasi ma, in maniera simile agli equilibri, le attività possono essere sostituite, in molte condizioni, con le concentrazioni molari senza generare errori. Per fare questa approssimazione immaginiamo di essere a diluizione infinita, dove non ci sono interazioni fra ioni, dunque si può passare dalla costante termodinamica (espressa in attività) a quella stechiometrica (espressa con le concentrazioni). Questa ipotesi risulta appunto vera quando la <a href="/wiki/Forza_ionica" title="Forza ionica">forza ionica</a> (I) delle due fasi non comporta un valore di attività di un soluto significativamente diverso dalla sua concentrazione. Generalmente il valore numerico di K è circa uguale al rapporto delle <a href="/wiki/Solubilit%C3%A0" title="Solubilità">solubilità</a> di A in ciascun solvente. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Distillazione" title="Distillazione">Distillando</a> la fase contenente il soluto puro che si vuole ottenere, sul fondo rimarrà il solido mentre il solvente distillato può essere riciclato. </p><p>Normalmente in <a href="/wiki/Chimica_organica" title="Chimica organica">chimica organica</a> una delle due fasi è l'acqua e l'altra è un solvente organico; più K è elevato maggiore sarà l'<a href="/wiki/Accuratezza" title="Accuratezza">accuratezza</a> dell'estrazione. </p><p>Tecniche di separazione più sensibili si basano sullo stesso principio (in linea generale) e sono comprese nella branca della chimica analitica <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia" title="Cromatografia">cromatografica</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Perry" title="Robert H. Perry">Robert Perry</a>, Dow.W.Green, <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Perry%27s_Chemical_Engineers%27_Handbook" title="Perry&#39;s Chemical Engineers&#39; Handbook">Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook</a></span>, 8ª&#160;ed., McGraw-Hill, 2007, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-07-142294-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-07-142294-3">0-07-142294-3</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrazione_(chimica)" title="Estrazione (chimica)">Estrazione (chimica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operazione_unitaria" title="Operazione unitaria">Operazione unitaria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Liquid-liquid separation"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liquid-liquid_separation?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liquid-liquid_separation?uselang=it">estrazione liquido-liquido</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrazione_liquido-liquido&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03587.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">IUPAC Gold Book, "liquid-liquid extraction"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">goldbook.iupac.org</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Processi_di_separazione"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="background:#b0c4de;"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Processi_di_separazione" title="Template:Processi di separazione"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Processi_di_separazione&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Processi di separazione (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Processi_di_separazione&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Processi di separazione</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;">Processi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;background:#fafad2;"><a href="/wiki/Absorbimento" title="Absorbimento">Absorbimento</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adsorbimento" title="Adsorbimento">Adsorbimento</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assorbimento_(chimica)" title="Assorbimento (chimica)">Assorbimento</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Assorbimento_gas-liquido" title="Assorbimento gas-liquido">Assorbimento gas-liquido</a>)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_(processo)" title="Concentrazione (processo)">Concentrazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristallizzazione_frazionata" title="Cristallizzazione frazionata">Cristallizzazione frazionata</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Degasaggio" title="Degasaggio">Degasaggio</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dialisi_(fisica)" title="Dialisi (fisica)">Dialisi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettrodialisi" title="Elettrodialisi">Elettrodialisi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettroflottazione" title="Elettroflottazione">Elettroflottazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Essiccamento" title="Essiccamento">Essiccamento</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Evaporazione">Evaporazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Evaporazione_flash" title="Evaporazione flash">Evaporazione flash</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flocculazione" title="Flocculazione">Flocculazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flottazione" title="Flottazione">Flottazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lisciviazione" title="Lisciviazione">Lisciviazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metodo_dei_liquidi_pesanti" title="Metodo dei liquidi pesanti">Metodo dei liquidi pesanti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Osmosi" title="Osmosi">Osmosi</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Osmosi_inversa" title="Osmosi inversa">Osmosi inversa</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Precipitazione_(chimica)" title="Precipitazione (chimica)">Precipitazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scambio_ionico" title="Scambio ionico">Scambio ionico</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sedimentazione" title="Sedimentazione">Sedimentazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Setacciatura" title="Setacciatura">Setacciatura</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sublimazione" title="Sublimazione">Sublimazione</a> <table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;"><a href="/wiki/Cromatografia" title="Cromatografia">Cromatografia</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_a_permeazione_di_gel" title="Cromatografia a permeazione di gel">Cromatografia a permeazione di gel</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_a_scambio_ionico" title="Cromatografia a scambio ionico">Cromatografia a scambio ionico</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_di_adsorbimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Cromatografia di adsorbimento">Cromatografia di adsorbimento</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_di_esclusione_molecolare" title="Cromatografia di esclusione molecolare">Cromatografia di esclusione molecolare</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_di_affinit%C3%A0" title="Cromatografia di affinità">Cromatografia di affinità</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_di_ripartizione" title="Cromatografia di ripartizione">Cromatografia di ripartizione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_liquida_ad_alta_prestazione" title="Cromatografia liquida ad alta prestazione">Cromatografia liquida ad alta prestazione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_su_carta" title="Cromatografia su carta">Cromatografia su carta</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_su_strato_sottile" title="Cromatografia su strato sottile">Cromatografia su strato sottile</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gascromatografia" title="Gascromatografia">Gascromatografia</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;"><a href="/wiki/Distillazione" title="Distillazione">Distillazione</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Distillazione_azeotropica" title="Distillazione azeotropica">Distillazione azeotropica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_catalitica" title="Distillazione catalitica">Distillazione catalitica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_frazionata" title="Distillazione frazionata">Distillazione frazionata</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_in_corrente_di_vapore" title="Distillazione in corrente di vapore">Distillazione in corrente di vapore</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_molecolare" title="Distillazione molecolare">Distillazione molecolare</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_sottovuoto" 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