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Premiership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee - Wikipedia
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cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Atal Bihari Vajpayee</b> was an Indian politician who served thrice as Prime Minister of India, first from 16 May to 1 June 1996, and then from 19 March 1998 to 22 May 2004. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP), Vajpayee was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of India">tenth</a> Prime Minister. He headed the BJP-led <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Democratic Alliance (India)">National Democratic Alliance</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Indian Parliament</a>, and became the first Prime Minister unaffiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> to complete a full five-year term in office. He died at the age of 93 on Thursday 16 August 2018 at 17:05 at <a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences,_New_Delhi" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi">AIIMS, New Delhi</a>. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/220px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/330px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/440px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Vajpayee_ministry" title="First Vajpayee ministry">First Term</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>16 May 1996 – 1 June 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P.V. Narasimha Rao</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H.D. Deve Gowda</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Vajpayee_ministry" title="Second Vajpayee ministry">Second Term</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>19 March 1998 – 13 October 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>13 October 1999 – 22 May 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1924-12-25</span>)</span>25 December 1924<br><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_State" title="Gwalior State">Gwalior State</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 August 2018<span style="display:none">(2018-08-16)</span> (aged 93)<br><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician , Poet</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Formation_of_government"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Formation of government</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Economic_policy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Economic policy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Foreign_policy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign policy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#National_Security"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">National Security</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Pokhran-II_nuclear_tests"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pokhran-II nuclear tests</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Kargil_War"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Kargil War</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Terrorism"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Terrorism</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Gujarat_violence"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Gujarat violence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Formation_of_government">Formation of government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation of government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996 general election</a>, the BJP emerged as the single largest party in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, the lower house of Parliament. Vajpayee was invited by President <a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a> to form a government, but after 13 days in office, proved unable to muster a governing majority and resigned. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/H._D._Dewe_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="H. D. Dewe Gowda">H. D. Dewe Gowda</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/United_Front_(India,_1996)" title="United Front (India, 1996)">United Front</a> (UF) coalition, and became the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Leader of the Opposition</a>. </p><p>The United Front was only able to sustain a majority in Parliament until 1998, resigning after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> withdrew its support. In the <a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998 Indian general election</a> the BJP again emerged as the single-largest party, but was able to assemble a governing coalition called the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Democratic Alliance (India)">National Democratic Alliance</a> (NDA). Other constituents of the NDA included the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> (AIADMK), <a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">National Conference</a> (NC) and the <a href="/wiki/Trinamool_Congress" title="Trinamool Congress">Trinamool Congress</a> (TC), amongst others. </p><p>By early 1999, the NDA government lost its majority after the AIADMK leader <a href="/wiki/J._Jayalalithaa" title="J. Jayalalithaa">J. Jayalalithaa</a> withdrew its support.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/K._R._Narayanan" title="K. R. Narayanan">K. R. Narayanan</a> dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections – the third in two years. Public anger against smaller parties that jeopardised the NDA coalition and the wave of support for the Vajpayee government in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a> gave the BJP a larger presence in the Lok Sabha. The NDA won a decisive majority with the support of new constituents such as the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The Vajpayee government expanded the process of <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">economic liberalisation</a> initiated by the <a href="/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao">P.V. Narasimha Rao</a> government (1991–1996). His government initiated the privatisation of most state corporations, including the <a href="/wiki/VSNL" class="mw-redirect" title="VSNL">Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd.</a> His government also began the establishment of special export processing zones, Information Technology and Industrial Parks across the country to bolster industrial production and exports. In its third term (1999–2004), his government launched the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Development_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway Development Project">National Highway Development Project</a>, with the first phase being the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral" title="Golden Quadrilateral">Golden Quadrilateral</a>. In 2003, the government launched the <a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Samman" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Samman">Pravasi Bharatiya Samman</a> (Honouring of <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Non-Resident Indians</a>) and initiated plans to establish an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Citizen_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Citizen of India">Overseas citizenship of India</a> to enable NRIs to invest and do business freely in India. His government also expanded efforts to encourage foreign investment, especially from Europe and the United States. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foreign policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The Vajpayee government improved India's ties with the People's Republic of China, boosting trade and seeking the resolution of territorial disputes through dialogue. India also established strategic and military cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, with both nations establishing cooperation in fighting terrorism. In 2000, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> became the first American president to visit India since <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. The U.S. and India ended the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>-era distant relationship and expanded trade and cooperation on strategic issues. After the <a href="/wiki/11_September_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="11 September 2001 attacks">11 September 2001 attacks</a>, India provided much strategic assistance to the U.S. in its war against the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>. </p><p>In 1999, Vajpayee personally travelled to Pakistan on the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Delhi-Lahore_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi-Lahore Bus">Delhi-Lahore Bus</a>, which established a regular road link between the two countries for the first time since 1947. Vajpayee and the then-<a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Prime Minister">Pakistani Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> issued the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Declaration" title="Lahore Declaration">Lahore Declaration</a>, which committed the two nations to resolve bilateral disputes through dialogue and concurrently boost trade. However, the Lahore summit's success was diminished by the outbreak of the Kargil War just months later. In 2001, Vajpayee and <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani President">Pakistani President</a> <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> held the <a href="/wiki/Agra_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra summit">Agra summit</a>, which failed to produce results and was overshadowed by the <a href="/wiki/2001-2002_India-Pakistan_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff">2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff</a>. In 2003, Vajpayee declared in the Indian Parliament that he was making his final initiative to make peace with Pakistan, and oversaw considerable improvement in relations and a ceasefire between Indian forces and militant groups in the state of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="National_Security">National Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National Security" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pokhran-II_nuclear_tests">Pokhran-II nuclear tests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pokhran-II nuclear tests" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In May, 1998 India conducted five underground nuclear tests – <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokhran-I">Pokhran-I</a> test of 1974. These tests established India as a <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">nuclear weapons power</a>, although it also resulted in the imposition of limited sanctions by the U.S., UK, Canada and other nations. By 2001, most of these sanctions had been lifted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kargil_War">Kargil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kargil War" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></div> <p>In 1999, two months after the bilateral summit in Lahore, India discovered that Pakistani army disguised as terrorists had infiltrated through the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a> (LoC) into the state of Jammu and Kashmir with active Pakistani assistance and participation. In response, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian armed forces">Indian armed forces</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_(1999)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vijay (1999)">Operation Vijay</a> to evict the infiltrators. By July, 1999 Indian forces had reclaimed territories on its side of the LoC. The Vajpayee government also established the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a> to provide better <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">military intelligence</a> and monitor India's border with Pakistan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrorism">Terrorism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Terrorism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament building on 13 December 2001, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a> terrorists<sup id="cite_ref-demarche_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demarche-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led to the death of a dozen people (5 terrorists, 6 police and 1 civilian)<sup id="cite_ref-rediffattack_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rediffattack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/2001-2002_India-Pakistan_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff">2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff</a>. In response to these attacks and an escalation in terrorist attacks in other parts of India, the NDA government promulgated the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorist_Activities_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act">Prevention of Terrorism Act</a>. Although a tougher anti-terrorism law than <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_and_Disruptive_Activities_(Prevention)_Act" title="Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act">Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act</a>, POTA was criticised as compromising civil liberties and encouraging profiling of the Indian Muslim community.<sup id="cite_ref-POTA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POTA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, the upper house of Parliament, was controlled by opposition parties, the Vajpayee government called a historic joint session of both houses of the Indian Parliament in order to enact POTA into law.<sup id="cite_ref-POTA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POTA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Gujarat_violence">Gujarat violence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gujarat violence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Gujarat violence">2002 Gujarat violence</a></div> <p>On 27 February 2002, the Sabarmati Express train was attacked at Godhra by a Muslim mob.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-India_2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India_2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-court-confirms-conspiracy_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-court-confirms-conspiracy-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 59 Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya were killed in the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lasting for over a month, the riots claimed the lives of more than 1,000 people, mostly Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20050511_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20050511-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EI-20050512_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-20050512-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-II-20050511_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-II-20050511-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state government, led by <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> of the BJP, was severely criticised for being unable or unwilling to stop the violence.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vajpayee officially condemned the violence.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Vajpayee made controversial remarks: "Wherever there are Muslims, they do not want to live in peace with others. Instead of living peacefully, they want to propagate their religion by creating terror in the minds of others." According to Sanjay Ruparelia, Vajpayee used <a href="/wiki/Muslim_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim terrorism">Muslim terrorism</a> to justify the violence in Gujarat.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ornit_Shani" title="Ornit Shani">Ornit Shani</a> believes that Vajpayee's government believed that Muslim provoked violence against themselves by simply being Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Milli_Gazette" title="The Milli Gazette">The Milli Gazette</a> criticized Vajpayee as "Muslim-bashing".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rafiq Dossani believes that Vajpayee was appealing to a post-<a href="/wiki/9/11" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11">9/11</a> <a href="/wiki/Neo-conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-conservative">neo-conservative</a> mood.<sup id="cite_ref-IA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vajpayee was accused of doing nothing to stop the violence. He later admitted his mistake in underestimating the violence and not doing enough to stop it.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/K.R._Narayanan" class="mw-redirect" title="K.R. Narayanan">K.R. Narayanan</a>, then <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a>, stated that the violence stemmed from a "conspiracy" between Vajpayee's central BJP-led government, and Gujarat's BJP government.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narayanan said he wrote several letters to Vajpayee asking him deploy the <a href="/wiki/Indian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian army">Indian army</a> to quell the violence. Narayanan didn't speak out against Vajpayee during his term as president.<sup id="cite_ref-IA_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Vajpayee_ministry" title="First Vajpayee ministry">First Vajpayee ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vajpayee_ministry" title="Second Vajpayee ministry">Second Vajpayee ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Vajpayee_ministry" title="Third Vajpayee ministry">Third Vajpayee ministry</a></li> <li>Awards And Honours of Vajpayee.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/322065.stm">"South Asia Vajpayee's thirteen months"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17 April 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=South+Asia+Vajpayee%27s+thirteen+months&rft.date=1999-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F322065.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APremiership+of+Atal+Bihari+Vajpayee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demarche-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-demarche_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/14parl12.htm">"Govt blames LeT for Parliament attack"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611152203/http://www.indianembassy.org/new/parliament_dec_13_01.htm#STATEMENT%20MADE%20BY%20HOME%20MINISTER,%20L.%20K.%20ADVANI%20ON%20THE%20TERRORIST%20ATTACK%20ON%20PARLIAMENT%20HOUSE%20ON%20DECEMBER%2013,%202001">"Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India - December 13, 2001"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianembassy.org/new/parliament_dec_13_01.htm#STATEMENT%20MADE%20BY%20HOME%20MINISTER,%20L.%20K.%20ADVANI%20ON%20THE%20TERRORIST%20ATTACK%20ON%20PARLIAMENT%20HOUSE%20ON%20DECEMBER%2013,%202001">the original</a> on 11 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terrorist+Attack+on+the+Parliament+of+India+-+December+13%2C+2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianembassy.org%2Fnew%2Fparliament_dec_13_01.htm%23STATEMENT%2520MADE%2520BY%2520HOME%2520MINISTER%2C%2520L.%2520K.%2520ADVANI%2520ON%2520THE%2520TERRORIST%2520ATTACK%2520ON%2520PARLIAMENT%2520HOUSE%2520ON%2520DECEMBER%252013%2C%25202001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APremiership+of+Atal+Bihari+Vajpayee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rediffattack-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rediffattack_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/13parl1.htm">"Terrorists attack Parliament; five intruders, six cops killed"</a>. 2006. <u>Rediff.com</u>. Rediff India. 13 December 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POTA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-POTA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POTA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudha_Ramachandran2002" class="citation web cs1">Sudha Ramachandran (27 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020414063055/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DC27Df01.html">"New Indian terror law strikes fear"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a></i>. Archived from the original on 14 April 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=New+Indian+terror+law+strikes+fear&rft.date=2002-03-27&rft.au=Sudha+Ramachandran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Find-pak%2FDC27Df01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APremiership+of+Atal+Bihari+Vajpayee" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12534127">India Godhra train blaze verdict: 31 convicted</a> BBC News, 22 February 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article1513008.ece">It was not a random attack on S-6 but kar sevaks were targeted, says judge</a> The Hindu — 6 March 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-India_2008_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOI&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIM/2008/09/27&ID=Ar01400">The Godhra conspiracy as Justice Nanavati saw it</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602070023/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOI&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIM/2008/09/27&ID=Ar01400">Archived</a> 2 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Times of India, 28 September 2008. Retrieved 2012-02-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602070023/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOI&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIM/2008/09/27&ID=Ar01400">Archived</a> 21 February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-court-confirms-conspiracy-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-court-confirms-conspiracy_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-nine-years-after-godhra-carnage-verdict-today/20110222.htm">Godhra case: 31 guilty; court confirms conspiracy</a> Rediff.com, 22 February 2011 19:26 IST. Sheela Bhatt, Ahmedabad.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020228/main1.htm">Sabarmati Express set ablaze, 57 dead</a>,<i>The Tribune</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-20050511-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-20050511_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These figures were reported to the Rajya Sabha by the Union Minister of State for Home Affairs Sriprakash Jaiswal in May, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4536199.stm">"Gujarat riot death toll revealed"</a>. BBC News. 11 May 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gujarat+riot+death+toll+revealed&rft.date=2005-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4536199.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APremiership+of+Atal+Bihari+Vajpayee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI-20050512-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EI-20050512_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226131020/http://news.indiainfo.com/2005/05/11/1105godhra-rs.html">"BJP cites govt statistics to defend Modi"</a>. ExpressIndia. Press Trust of India. 12 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=46626">the original</a> on 26 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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