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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Judicial court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Legislature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congressional_delegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressional_delegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Congressional delegation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congressional_delegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_high_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_high_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other high officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_high_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Territorial finances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slavery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Slavery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relocating_the_seat_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relocating_the_seat_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Relocating the seat of government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relocating_the_seat_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naming_the_new_territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_the_new_territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Naming the new territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_the_new_territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_expansion_and_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_expansion_and_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Western expansion and conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_expansion_and_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territory_formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territory_formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Territory formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory_formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_of_Louisiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_of_Louisiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>District of Louisiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_of_Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tecumseh's_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tecumseh's_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Tecumseh's War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tecumseh's_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movement_toward_statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement_toward_statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Movement toward statehood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movement_toward_statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_of_1812" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_of_1812"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>War of 1812</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_of_1812-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achieving_statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achieving_statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Achieving statehood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achieving_statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana Territory</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="أراضي إنديانا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أراضي إنديانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territori_d%27Indiana" title="Territori d'Indiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Territori d'Indiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianaterritoriet" title="Indianaterritoriet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indianaterritoriet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana-Territorium" title="Indiana-Territorium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indiana-Territorium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_de_Indiana" title="Territorio de Indiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Territorio de Indiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoire_de_l%27Indiana" title="Territoire de l'Indiana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Territoire de l'Indiana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%94%94%EC%95%A0%EB%82%98_%EC%A4%80%EC%A3%BC" title="인디애나 준주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인디애나 준주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_dell%27Indiana" title="Territorio dell'Indiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Territorio dell'Indiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="טריטוריית אינדיאנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טריטוריית אינדיאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianos_teritorija" title="Indianos teritorija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indianos teritorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E6%BA%96%E5%B7%9E" title="インディアナ準州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インディアナ準州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianaterritoriet" title="Indianaterritoriet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indianaterritoriet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territ%C3%B3rio_de_Indiana" title="Território de Indiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Território de Indiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Территория Индиана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Территория Индиана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Територија Индијана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Територија Индијана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianaterritoriet" title="Indianaterritoriet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indianaterritoriet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="انڈیانا علاقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انڈیانا علاقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3nh_th%E1%BB%95_Indiana" title="Lãnh thổ Indiana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lãnh thổ Indiana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="印第安纳领地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印第安纳领地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q777763#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1800–1816 territory of the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and 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.ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Territory of Indiana</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Organized_incorporated_territories_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized incorporated territories of the United States">Organized incorporated territory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1795%E2%80%931818).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Indiana Territory"><img alt="Flag of Indiana Territory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> </div> <div>Flag</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Indianaterr.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Indianaterr.PNG/220px-Indianaterr.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Indianaterr.PNG/330px-Indianaterr.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Indianaterr.PNG/440px-Indianaterr.PNG 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="529" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes</a> (1800–1813)<br /><a href="/wiki/Corydon,_Indiana" title="Corydon, Indiana">Corydon</a> (1813–1816)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1800 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,632</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1810 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">24,520</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1816 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">63,897</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • Type</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Organized_incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized incorporated territory">Organized incorporated territory</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1800–1812 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">William Henry Harrison</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1812–1813 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Gibson_(Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gibson (Indiana)">John Gibson</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1813–1816 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Posey</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Secretary" title="Secretary">Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1800–1816 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Gibson_(Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gibson (Indiana)">John Gibson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Indiana Organic Act passed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 May 1800</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Indiana Organic Act <a href="/wiki/Entry_into_force" title="Entry into force">coming into force</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">July 4, 1800</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grouseland" title="Treaty of Grouseland">Treaty of Grouseland</a> signed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 1805</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> created </div></th><td class="infobox-data">June 30, 1805</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Representation in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">December 12, 1805</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a> created<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Wayne_(1809)" title="Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)">Treaty of Fort Wayne</a><br /> - Legislature popularly elected<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">War of 1812</a><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana" title="Constitution of Indiana">Constitution</a> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Statehood">drafted & adopted</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 1, 1809<br />September 30, 1809<br />November 1809<br />1811–1812<br />1812–1814<br />June 1816</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Granted <a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Early_statehood" title="History of Indiana">Statehood</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 December 1816</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795%E2%80%931818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Indiana Territory</b>, officially the <b>Territory of Indiana</b>, was created by an <a href="/wiki/Organic_act" title="Organic act">organic act</a> that <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> signed into law on May 7, 1800,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to form an <a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">organized incorporated territory of the United States</a> that existed from July 4, 1800, to December 11, 1816, when the remaining southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">Union</a> as the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territory originally contained approximately 259,824 square miles (672,940 km<sup>2</sup>) of land, but its size was decreased when it was subdivided to create the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> (1805) and the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a> (1809). The Indiana Territory was the first new territory created from lands of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>, which had been organized under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> of 1787. The territorial capital was the settlement around the old French fort of <a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_River" title="Wabash River">Wabash River</a>, until transferred to <a href="/wiki/Corydon,_Indiana" title="Corydon, Indiana">Corydon</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> in 1813. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>, the territory's first governor, oversaw treaty negotiations with the Native inhabitants that ceded tribal lands to the U.S. government, opening large parts of the territory to further settlement. In 1809 the U.S. Congress established a bicameral legislative body for the territory that included a popularly-elected House of Representatives and a Legislative Council. In addition, the territorial government began planning for a basic transportation network and education system, but efforts to attain statehood for the territory were delayed due to war. At the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a>, when the territory was on the front line of battle, Harrison led a military force in the opening hostilities at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a> (1811) and in the subsequent invasion of Canada during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. After Harrison resigned as the territorial governor, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Posey" title="Thomas Posey">Thomas Posey</a> was appointed to the vacant governorship, but the opposition party, led by Congressman <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jonathan Jennings</a>, dominated territorial affairs in its final years and began pressing for statehood. </p><p>In June 1816 a <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana" title="Constitution of Indiana">constitutional convention</a> was held at Corydon, where a state constitution was adopted on June 29, 1816. General elections were held in August to fill offices for the new state government, the new officeholders were sworn into office in November, and the territory was dissolved. On December 11, 1816, President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> signed the congressional act that formally admitted Indiana to the Union as the nineteenth state. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_boundaries">Geographical boundaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geographical boundaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,641</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,520</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+334.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: 1800–1810 (1800 also includes <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_County,_Michigan" title="Mackinac County, Michigan">Mackinac County, Michigan</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Forstall_pp._47–49_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forstall_pp._47–49-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forstall_pp._51–53_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forstall_pp._51–53-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forstall_pp._81–83_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forstall_pp._81–83-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When the Indiana Territory was formed in 1800, its original boundaries included the western portion of the Northwest Territory. This encompassed an area northwest of a line beginning at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>, on the bank opposite the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_River" title="Kentucky River">Kentucky River</a>, extending northeast to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Recovery" title="Fort Recovery">Fort Recovery</a> in present-day western <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and north to the border between the United States and Canada along a line approximately 84 degrees 45 minutes West longitude.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cutler53-54_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutler53-54-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory initially included most of the present-day state of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>; all of present-day states of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>; fragments of present-day <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> that were east of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>; nearly all of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a> and the western half of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Lower Peninsula of Michigan">Lower Peninsula</a> of present-day <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>; and a narrow strip of land in present-day Ohio that was northwest of Fort Recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutler53-54_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutler53-54-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This latter parcel became part of Ohio when it attained statehood in 1803. The Indiana Territory's southeast boundary was shifted in 1803 when Ohio became a state, to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Miami_River" title="Great Miami River">Great Miami River</a>. In addition, the eastern part of present-day Michigan was added to the Indiana Territory. The territory's geographical area was further reduced in 1805 with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> to the north, and in 1809 when the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a> was established to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1800 the Indiana Territory's total white population was 5,641, but its Native American population was estimated to be near 20,000, possibly as high as 75,000.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Madison34_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madison34-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800 United States census</a>, 4 counties in the Indiana Territory (2 of which were located in contemporary Illinois and 1 in contemporary Michigan) reported the following counts:<sup id="cite_ref-Forstall_pp._47–49_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forstall_pp._47–49-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forstall_pp._51–53_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forstall_pp._51–53-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forstall_pp._81–83_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forstall_pp._81–83-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>County </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Indiana" title="Knox County, Indiana">Knox</a> </td> <td>2,517 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_Illinois" title="Randolph County, Illinois">Randolph</a> </td> <td>1,355 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Illinois" title="St. Clair County, Illinois">St. Clair</a> </td> <td>1,103 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mackinac_County,_Michigan" title="Mackinac County, Michigan">Michilimackinac</a> </td> <td>551 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated</a> </td> <td>115 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Indiana Territory </td> <td>5,641 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810 United States census</a>, following the passage of <a href="/wiki/Organic_act" title="Organic act">organic acts</a> by the <a href="/wiki/9th_United_States_Congress" title="9th United States Congress">9th U.S. Congress</a> to create the Michigan Territory in 1805 and by the <a href="/wiki/10th_United_States_Congress" title="10th United States Congress">10th U.S. Congress</a> to create the Illinois Territory in 1809, <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Indiana" title="List of counties in Indiana">4 counties in the Indiana Territory located within contemporary Indiana</a> reported the following population counts:<sup id="cite_ref-Forstall_pp._47–49_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forstall_pp._47–49-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>County </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Indiana" title="Knox County, Indiana">Knox</a> </td> <td>7,945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dearborn_County,_Indiana" title="Dearborn County, Indiana">Dearborn</a> </td> <td>7,310 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Indiana" title="Clark County, Indiana">Clark</a> </td> <td>5,670 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Indiana" title="Harrison County, Indiana">Harrison</a> </td> <td>4,699 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Indiana Territory </td> <td>24,520 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Indiana Territory's government passed through a non-representative phase from 1800 to 1804; a semi-legislative second phase, which included the election of lower house of the territorial legislature, that extended through the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Indian_War" title="Northwest Indian War">hostilities with Native Americans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>; and a final period, when the territory's population increased and its residents successfully petitioned Congress for statehood in 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-BR314_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR314-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance, the territorial government went through 3 phases prior to statehood:<sup id="cite_ref-BR267-70_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR267-70-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>During the non-representative phase of territorial government the U.S. Congress and after 1789, the president with congressional approval appointed a governor, secretary, and three judges to govern each new territory. Local inhabitants did not elect these territorial officials. This phase lasted from the territory's creation in 1800 until 1804.</li> <li>During the semi-legislative phase of government, the territory's adult males who owned at least fifty acres of land elected representatives to the lower house of the territorial legislature. In addition the Congress (and later the president with congressional approval) appointed five adult males who owned at least five hundred acres of land to the upper house of the territorial legislature from a list of ten candidates that the lower house submitted for consideration. The upper and lower houses could legislate for the territory, but the territorial governor retained absolute veto power. This phase began in 1805.</li> <li>When the territory reached a population of 60,000 free inhabitants, it entered the final phase that included its successful petition to Congress for statehood.</li></ol> <p>In 1803, when the Indiana Territory was formed from the remaining Northwest Territory after Ohio attained statehood, the requirement for proceeding to the semi-legislative phase of territorial government was modified. Instead of requiring the territory's population to reach 5,000 free adult males, the second phase could be initiated when the majority of territory's free landholders informed the territorial governor that they wanted to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-BR312_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR312-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1810 the requirement for voters to be landholders was replaced with a law granting voting rights to all free adult males who paid county or territorial taxes and had resided in the territory for at least one year.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governors">Governors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of William Henry Harrison's leadership in securing passage of the Land Act of 1800 and his help in forming the Indiana Territory in 1800, while serving as the Northwest Territory's delegate to the U.S. Congress, it was not surprising that President John Adams chose him to become the first governor of the territory. Presidents Adams, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, and James Madison made a total of three appointments to the office of governor of the Indiana Territory between July 4, 1800, when the territory was officially established, and November 7, 1816, when <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jonathan Jennings</a> was sworn in as the first governor of the state of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GS18-40_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GS18-40-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BR312_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR312-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Indiana">List of Governors of Indiana</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Took office</th> <th>Left office</th> <th>Appointed by </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> </td> <td>May 13, 1800 (appointed);<sup id="cite_ref-BR314_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR314-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />January 10, 1801 (took office)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>December 28, 1812 (resigned)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gibson_(Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gibson (Indiana)">John Gibson</a> </td> <td>December 28, 1812 (appointed)<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Acting governor: July 4, 1800 – January 10, 1801;<br />June 1812–May 1813<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>March 3, 1813<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>James Madison </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Posey" title="Thomas Posey">Thomas Posey</a> </td> <td>March 3, 1813 (appointed); May 1813 (took office)<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>November 7, 1816<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>James Madison </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_court">Judicial court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judicial court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Indiana Territory was created, the Ordinance of 1787 made no provision for a popularly-elected territorial government in the non-representative phase of territorial government (1800 to 1804).<sup id="cite_ref-BR267-70_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR267-70-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of separate legislative and judicial branches of the territorial government, the U.S. Congress, and later, the president with congressional approval, had the authority to appoint a general court consisting of three territorial judges. The judges were initially appointed by the president who later delegated this authority to the territorial governor. Adams chose William Clarke, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Vanderburgh" title="Henry Vanderburgh">Henry Vanderburgh</a>, and John Griffin as the territory's first three judges. Following Clarke's death in November 1802, Thomas T. Davis was appointed as his replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-BR314-24_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR314-24-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acting as the combined judicial and legislative government, the territorial governor and the three judges adopted the laws to govern the territory. In addition to working with the territorial governor on legislative issues, the territorial judges presided over the general court. When the Indiana Territory entered the semi-legislative phase of government in 1805, the legislature gradually became the dominant branch, and the judges focused on judicial matters.<sup id="cite_ref-BR314-24_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR314-24-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dunn,_p._215_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn,_p._215-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1814, as the territory progressed toward statehood, three circuit courts were established. Governor Posey appointed <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Blackford" title="Isaac Blackford">Isaac Blackford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lynch_Holman" title="Jesse Lynch Holman">Jesse Lynch Holman</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elijah_Sparks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elijah Sparks (page does not exist)">Elijah Sparks</a> as presiding judges over the circuit courts. <a href="/wiki/James_Noble_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Noble (senator)">James Noble</a> was appointed to replace Sparks following Sparks' death in early 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislature">Legislature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legislature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_Territory_1812.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indiana_Territory_1812.jpg/220px-Indiana_Territory_1812.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indiana_Territory_1812.jpg/330px-Indiana_Territory_1812.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indiana_Territory_1812.jpg/440px-Indiana_Territory_1812.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Indiana Territory in 1812 displaying notable places and battles in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When the Indiana Territory entered its semi-legislative phase of government, territorial inhabitants were allowed to elect representatives to the lower house of its <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral legislature</a>. President Jefferson delegated the task of choosing the five members of the Legislative Council (upper house of the legislature) to the governor, who chose from a list of ten candidates provided by the lower house.<sup id="cite_ref-e170_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e170-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BR345-46_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR345-46-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the formation of the new legislative body, each county in the territory was granted the right to elect representatives to the House of Representatives (the legislative assembly's lower house). The lower house initially included seven representatives: one from Dearborn County, one from Clark County, two from Knox County, two from St. Clair County, and one from Randolph County.<sup id="cite_ref-e170_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e170-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BR345-46_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR345-46-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territorial legislature met for the first time on July 29, 1805.<sup id="cite_ref-BR347-51_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR347-51-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Governor Harrison retained his veto powers as well as his general executive and appointive authority, while the legislative assembly had the authority to pass laws, subject to the governor's approved before they could be enacted. The change in territorial governance also removed the territorial judges' legislative powers, leaving the territorial court with only its judicial authority.<sup id="cite_ref-e170_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e170-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BR345-46_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR345-46-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1809, after the Indiana Territory was divided to create the Illinois Territory, the U.S. Congress altered the makeup of the territorial legislature. The members of the House of Representatives continued to be elected by the territorial inhabitants and were apportioned in relation to each county's population, but membership in the five-member upper house (Legislative Council) was also by popular vote and apportioned among the territory's counties. Harrison County, established in 1808 from portions of Knox and Clark counties, elected one representative to the lower house; Clark and Dearborn counties each had two representatives; and the more populated Knox County had three.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This bicameral legislative structure remained unchanged for the remainder of the territory's existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_delegation">Congressional delegation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Congressional delegation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory%27s_At-large_congressional_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Territory's At-large congressional district">Indiana Territory's At-large congressional district</a></div> <p>Territorial delegates to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> could attend congressional sessions with the right to debate, submit legislation, and serve on committees, but they were not permitted to vote on legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Indiana Territory entered its second phase of governance, the territory's legislative assembly elected <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Parke" title="Benjamin Parke">Benjamin Parke</a> as its delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. <a href="/wiki/Jesse_B._Thomas" title="Jesse B. Thomas">Jesse B. Thomas</a> was appointed to the post following Parke's resignation in 1808.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress approved a law in 1809 that allowed the territory's inhabitants to choose a delegate to Congress in a territory-wide election.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jonathan Jennings</a> defeated Thomas Randolph, the territory's attorney general and Harrison's chosen candidate, in a highly contested race to become the territory's first popularly-elected representative to the U.S. Congress. Jennings was reelected to the post in 1811, 1812, and 1814, prior to his election as the first governor of Indiana in 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Delegate </th> <th>Years </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Parke" title="Benjamin Parke">Benjamin Parke</a> </td> <td>December 12, 1805 – March 1, 1808 </td> <td>none </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#AACC99"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jesse_B._Thomas" title="Jesse B. Thomas">Jesse Burgess Thomas</a> </td> <td>October 22, 1808 – March 3, 1809 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic-Republican Party (United States)">Democratic-Republican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jonathan Jennings</a> </td> <td>November 27, 1809 – December 11, 1816 </td> <td>none </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_high_officials">Other high officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other high officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the territorial governor and three judges, the office of secretary was established in 1800. Governor Harrison appointed a treasurer and attorney general in 1801 as the only additional government officials during the territory's non-representative phase of government.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the second phase, the office of territorial auditor was combined with the office of territorial treasurer. The territory also had a chancellor during most of this period.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Secretary</b> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Took office</th> <th>Left office</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Hometown</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gibson_(Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gibson (Indiana)">John Gibson</a> </td> <td>July 4, 1800 </td> <td>November 7, 1816 </td> <td>Democratic-Republican </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Indiana" title="Knox County, Indiana">Knox County, Indiana</a> </td> <td>Gibson also served as acting governor of the Indiana Territory (July 4, 1800 – January 10, 1801, and June 1812–May 1813) and officially as territorial governor (December 28, 1812 – March 3, 1813)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Auditor</b> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Took office</th> <th>Left office</th> <th>Hometown</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Prince_(Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Prince (Indiana)">William Prince</a> </td> <td>1810 </td> <td>1813 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes, Indiana</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davis_Floyd" title="Davis Floyd">Davis Floyd</a> </td> <td>1813 </td> <td>1814 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corydon,_Indiana" title="Corydon, Indiana">Corydon, Indiana</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Treasurer</b> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Took office</th> <th>Left office</th> <th>Hometown</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Washington_Johnston" title="General Washington Johnston">General Washington Johnston</a> </td> <td>1813 </td> <td>1814 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes, Indiana</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davis_Floyd" title="Davis Floyd">Davis Floyd</a> </td> <td>1814 </td> <td>1816 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corydon,_Indiana" title="Corydon, Indiana">Corydon, Indiana</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Attorney General</b> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Took office</th> <th>Left office</th> <th>Hometown</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Parke" title="Benjamin Parke">Benjamin Parke</a> </td> <td>1804 </td> <td>1808 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Indiana" title="Knox County, Indiana">Knox County, Indiana</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Rice_Jones" title="John Rice Jones">John Rice Jones</a> </td> <td>1808 </td> <td>1816 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Indiana" title="Clark County, Indiana">Clark County, Indiana</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_finances">Territorial finances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Territorial finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the non-legislative phase, the federal government paid the salaries of the governor, the three-member judicial council, and the territorial secretary, which cost about $5,500 per year. In addition, a small fund of approximately $200 covered other expenses such as printing, postage, and rent. The federal government did not provide funds for any additional governmental offices such as the treasurer and attorney general. Salaries for these officials were paid from the territory's treasury. </p><p>In the semi-legislative phase, the federal government paid the salaries of the territorial governor, judges, and secretary at a cost of approximately $6,687 per year. The territorial treasury was responsible for funding legislative expenses, as well as the salaries of the treasurer, auditor, attorney general, and chancellor. The territorial treasurer also paid operational expenses such as printing, rent, stationery, and other supplies and services. These expenses were estimated to cost $10,000 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Revenue for the territory was limited, with the primary source of funds coming from the sale of federal lands. Other revenue came from the collection of duties, licenses, and excise taxes. In 1811 property taxes collected from landowners were based on the numbers of acres and its rating; previously, these taxes were based on land values. Taxes were also collected for territorial counties to use. After 1815 taxes were levied on some types of manufactured goods to provide additional funds for the territorial government.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Territorial revenue fell to critical levels due to the War of 1812, when many of the territory's taxpayers were unable to pay what they owed, and their land reverted to the federal government. Financial issues also caused the movement for statehood to be delayed until after the war's end. At one point during 1813, for example, the balance in territory's treasury was a meager $2.47. To increase the treasury, tax levies were modified and new forms of revenue were established. These changes included reductions in some taxes, increases in others, and implementing licensing requirements for some types of business ventures in order to stabilize revenue. William Prince, the first territorial auditor, was also blamed for the territory's revenue shortage because he had failed to collect taxes from two territorial counties.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Growth of territory's population helped improve its financial situation through the collection of various taxes, including property taxes and taxes on sale of public lands. However, governmental expenses also increased as new counties and towns were formed, causing the need for new governmental offices and further increases in the government's overall size.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_issues">Political issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Political issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin,_1835.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin%2C_1835.jpg/170px-William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin%2C_1835.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin%2C_1835.jpg/255px-William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin%2C_1835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin%2C_1835.jpg/340px-William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin%2C_1835.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">1st Governor of Indiana Territory</a> from 1801 to 1812, and the 9th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The major political issue in Indiana's territorial history was <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>; however, there were others, including Indian affairs, the formation of northern and western territories from portions of the Indiana Territory, concerns about the lack of territorial self-government and representation in Congress, and ongoing criticisms of Harrison's actions as territorial governor.<sup id="cite_ref-BR369-70_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR369-70-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of these issues were resolved before Indiana achieved statehood. The formations of the Michigan Territory and the Illinois Territory ended the debate about the territory's geographical size. In the second phase of territorial governance, the increasing democratization of the government shifted the authority initially placed in the hands of the territorial governor and a judicial council to a legislative branch of elected representatives and a delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. The debate over the issue of allowing slavery in the territory was settled in 1810; however, criticism of Governor Harrison continued, even after much of his authority was transferred to territorial legislators and judges.<sup id="cite_ref-BR369-70_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR369-70-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery">Slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Indiana" title="History of slavery in Indiana">History of slavery in Indiana</a></div> <p>In December 1802 delegates from Indiana Territory's four counties passed a resolution in favor of a ten-year suspension of Article Six of the Northwest Ordinance, which prohibited slavery in the original Northwest Territory. They also petitioned Congress for the suspension in order to make the region more appealing to slave-holding settlers and ultimately make the territory economically viable by increasing its population. In addition, the petition requested that the slaves and their children brought into the territory during the suspension period should remain slaves even after the suspension ended. Benjamin Parke, a pro-slavery supporter who became the territory's first representative in Congress in 1805, carried the petition to Washington, D.C.; however, Congress failed to take action, leaving Harrison and the territorial judges to pursue other options.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g21_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g21-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1803 Harrison and the general court judges passed legislation that evaded the Ordinance of 1787 in order permit slavery in the Indiana Territory through the use of <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servitude</a> laws. The bill allowed adult slaves owned or purchased outside the territory to be brought into the territory and bound into service for fixed terms set by the slave owner.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g21_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g21-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the territory was granted representation in Congress in 1805, Parke was able to get Congress to pass legislation to suspend Article Six for ten years, granting the territories covered under the ordinance the ability to legalize slavery in their territories.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harrison's attempts to allow slavery in the Indiana Territory caused a significant opposition from the <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> who had settled in the eastern part of the territory. They responded by forming an anti-slavery party. Davis Floyd of Clark County was the only anti-slavery representative elected to the territory's House of Representatives in the 1805 election, but Harrison's measures to legalize slavery in the territory were blocked by the two representatives from St. Clair County, who refused to authorize slavery unless Harrison supported their request for a separate territory, which Harrison opposed.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1809, five years after Congress established the Michigan Territory, the St. Clair County settlers successfully petitioned Congress for the formation of a separate territory. Despite Harrison's disapproval, Congress approved the formation of the Illinois Territory from the western portion of the Indiana Territory, in addition to granting the inhabitants of the Indiana Territory the right to elect a delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives and members of the territory's Legislative Council (upper house). Harrison, whose political power was reduced by these changes, found himself at odds with the territorial legislature when the anti-slavery party came to power after the 1809 elections. Voters promptly rebuffed many of his plans for slavery, and in 1810 the territorial legislature repealed the indenturing laws that Harrison and the judicial court had enacted in 1803.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relocating_the_seat_of_government">Relocating the seat of government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relocating the seat of government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The capital of the Indiana Territory remained in Vincennes from 1800 to 1813, when the territorial legislature moved it to <a href="/wiki/Corydon,_Indiana" title="Corydon, Indiana">Corydon</a>. After the Illinois Territory was formed from the western portion of the Indiana Territory in 1809, Vincennes, which was initially situated in the center of the territory, was now on its far west edge. The territorial legislature was also becoming increasingly fearful that the outbreak of the War of 1812 could cause an attack on Vincennes, resulting in their decision to move the seat of government to a location closer to the territory's population center. In addition to Corydon, the towns of <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Indiana" title="Madison, Indiana">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrenceburg,_Indiana" title="Lawrenceburg, Indiana">Lawrenceburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vevay,_Indiana" title="Vevay, Indiana">Vevay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonville,_Indiana" title="Jeffersonville, Indiana">Jeffersonville</a> were considered as potential sites for the new capital. On March 11, 1813, the territorial legislature selected Corydon as the new seat of government for the territory, effective May 1, 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-Gresham25_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gresham25-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-T169-B17_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T169-B17-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harrison favored Corydon, a town he had founded, named, and where he owned an <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Spring" title="Harrison Spring">estate</a>. In 1813, after it was brought to the territorial legislature's attention that plans were underway to construct a new county courthouse in Corydon and the new building could also be used for its assemblies (a significant cost savings), the government made the decision to relocate the territorial capital to Corydon. Construction on the <a href="/wiki/Corydon_Historic_District" title="Corydon Historic District">capitol building</a> began in 1814 and was nearly finished by 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-Gresham25_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gresham25-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-T169-B17_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T169-B17-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana" title="History of Indiana">History of Indiana</a></div> <p>The area that became the Indiana Territory was once part of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>, which the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> formed under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance on July 13, 1787. This ordinance outlined the basis for government in the western lands and also provided for an administrative structure to oversee the territory, including a three-stage process for transitioning from territory to statehood. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785" title="Land Ordinance of 1785">Land Ordinance of 1785</a> called for the U.S. government to survey the newly acquired territory for future sale and development. The Northwest Territory, which initially included land bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>, was subsequently partitioned into smaller territories that included the Indiana Territory (1800), Michigan Territory (1805), the Illinois Territory (1809), and eventually became the present-day states of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, and eastern <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_the_new_territory">Naming the new territory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Naming the new territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Indiana</i>, meaning "Land of the Indians", references the fact that most of the area north of the Ohio River was still inhabited by Native Americans. </p><p>Formal use of the word <i>Indiana</i> dates from 1768, when the Six Nations of the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> Confederacy reserved about 5,000 acres (2,000 hectares) of land in the present-day state of <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> and deeded it to a twenty-five-member <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>-based trading company that engaged in trade with the native tribes in the Ohio River valley. The company named their land claim Indiana, in honor of its previous owners. In 1776 the land claim was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Vandalia_(colony)" title="Vandalia (colony)">Indiana Land Company</a> and offered for sale; however, the government of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> disputed the claim, arguing that it was the rightful owner because the land fell within its boundaries. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States Supreme Court</a> took up the case and extinguished the company's right to the land in 1798. Two years later, Congress applied the Indiana Land Company's name to the new territory.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_expansion_and_conflict">Western expansion and conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Western expansion and conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Passage of the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 committed the U.S. government to continued plans for western expansion. Increasing tensions with the Native Americans who occupied the western lands erupted into the Northwest Indian War.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the autumn of 1790, American forces under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harmar" title="Josiah Harmar">Josiah Harmar</a> unsuccessfully pursued the <a href="/wiki/Miami_people" title="Miami people">Miami tribe</a> near present-day <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a>, but had to retreat. In the meantime, Major <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hamtramck" title="Jean François Hamtramck">Jean François Hamtramck</a> led an expedition from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wea" title="Wea">Wea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a> villages on the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_River" title="Wabash River">Wabash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermilion_River_(Wabash_River_tributary)" title="Vermilion River (Wabash River tributary)">Vermilion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eel_River_(Wabash_River_tributary)" title="Eel River (Wabash River tributary)">Eel</a> Rivers, but his company lacked sufficient provisions to continue, forcing a return to Vincennes.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1791 Major General <a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">Arthur St. Clair</a>, the governor of the Northwest Territory, commanded about 2,700 men in a campaign to establish a chain of forts and enforce peace in the area. In the early morning of November 3, 1791, nearly a 1,000 Miamis, Shawnees, <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Delawares</a>, and other warriors under the leadership of Chief <a href="/wiki/Little_Turtle" title="Little Turtle">Little Turtle</a> launched a surprise attack on the American camp near the Miami town of <a href="/wiki/Kekionga" title="Kekionga">Kekionga</a>, costing the Americans nearly nine hundred casualties and forcing the militia's retreat. <a href="/wiki/St._Clair%27s_defeat" title="St. Clair's defeat">St. Clair's defeat</a> in 1791 remains the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army's</a> worst defeat by American Indians in history. Casualties included 623 federal soldiers killed and another 258 wounded; the Indian confederacy lost an estimated 100 men.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Madison29_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madison29-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg/220px-Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg/330px-Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg/440px-Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1411" data-file-height="1117" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Anthony Wayne</a> negotiating with the Northwestern Indian Confederacy in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Greenville" title="Treaty of Greenville">Treaty of Greenville</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1794, General <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">"Mad Anthony" Wayne</a> organized the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Legion of the United States">Legion of the United States</a> and defeated a Native American force at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fallen_Timbers" title="Battle of Fallen Timbers">Battle of Fallen Timbers</a>. The battle was a turning point for the Americans, who took control of the area near the strategically important Maumee–Wabash portage, as well as Fort Miami at Kekionga (rebuilt as <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a>). In addition, several other forts were built in the territory to maintain American control of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Madison29_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madison29-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Greenville" title="Treaty of Greenville">Treaty of Greenville</a> (1795) ended the Northwest Indian War and marked the beginning of a series of land cession treaties. Under the terms of this treaty, native tribes ceded southeastern Indiana and two-thirds of present-day Ohio to the U.S. government. As a result of the treaty, the Miamis considered themselves allies with the United States, and thousands of acres of newly ceded western lands attracted an increasing number of new settlers to what would become the Indiana Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territory_formation">Territory formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Territory formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. Congress passed legislation to form the Indiana Territory on May 7, 1800, effective July 4, 1800. The new territory was established by dividing the Northwest Territory in advance of Ohio's statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time the Indiana Territory was formed, the two main American settlements in what would later become the state of Indiana were at Vincennes and <a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Indiana" title="Clarksville, Indiana">Clark's Grant</a>, while the settlement at <a href="/wiki/Kaskaskia,_Illinois" title="Kaskaskia, Illinois">Kaskaskia</a> would later become a part of Illinois (but, because it is now west of the Mississippi River, is accessible only from <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grouseland_front_and_southern_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Grouseland_front_and_southern_side.jpg/220px-Grouseland_front_and_southern_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Grouseland_front_and_southern_side.jpg/330px-Grouseland_front_and_southern_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Grouseland_front_and_southern_side.jpg/440px-Grouseland_front_and_southern_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grouseland" title="Grouseland">Grouseland</a>, the home of Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a></figcaption></figure> <p>President <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> as the first governor of the territory on May 13, 1800, but Harrison did not arrive in the territory to begin his duties as governor until January 10, 1801. <a href="/wiki/John_Gibson_(Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gibson (Indiana)">John Gibson</a>, the territorial secretary, served as acting governor until Harrison's arrival at Vincennes.<sup id="cite_ref-GS18-40_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GS18-40-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gibson_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A three-member panel of judges called the General Court assisted the territorial governor. Together they served as both the highest legislative and judicial authority in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn,_p._215_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn,_p._215-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As governor of a territory of the first stage, which was outlined in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance#Establishment_of_territorial_government" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a>, Harrison had wide-ranging powers in the new territory that included the authority to appoint all territorial officials and members of the territorial General Assembly. He also had the authority to divide the territory into districts.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USPostRoadMap1804.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/USPostRoadMap1804.jpg/220px-USPostRoadMap1804.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/USPostRoadMap1804.jpg/330px-USPostRoadMap1804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/USPostRoadMap1804.jpg/440px-USPostRoadMap1804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16040" data-file-height="11665" /></a><figcaption>1804 postal map of the United States by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bradley_Jr." title="Abraham Bradley Jr.">Abraham Bradley Jr.</a>, showing Indiana Territory</figcaption></figure> <p>Vincennes, the territory's oldest settlement and among its largest with 714 townspeople in 1800, became its first territorial capital. The former French trading post was also one of the few white settlements in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indiana Territory began with four counties: <a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Illinois" title="St. Clair County, Illinois">Saint Clair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_Illinois" title="Randolph County, Illinois">Randolph County</a>, which became part of present-day Illinois; <a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Indiana" title="Knox County, Indiana">Knox</a> in present-day Indiana; <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne County</a>, which became part of present-day Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Governor Harrison formed <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Indiana" title="Clark County, Indiana">Clark County</a>, the first new county in the territory, out of the eastern portion of Knox County.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional counties were established as the territory's population increased.<sup id="cite_ref-Madison34_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madison34-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1810 the Indiana Territory's enumerated population reached 24,520, even after the territory's size had been reduced with formation of the Michigan Territory (1805) and Illinois Territory (1809).<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Indiana Territory petitioned for statehood in 1816, its population was spread among fifteen counties and exceeded 60,000 people, which was the minimum required for statehood under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Harrison's political fortunes were tied to Indiana's rise to statehood, he was eager to expand the territory. In 1803 <a href="/wiki/United_States_President" class="mw-redirect" title="United States President">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> granted Harrison the authority to negotiate and conclude treaties with the Native American tribes in the territory. Harrison oversaw the establishment of thirteen treaties that ceded more than 60,000,000 acres (24,000,000 hectares) of land from Native American tribes, including most present-day southern <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, to the U.S. government.<sup id="cite_ref-w7_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w7-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vincennes" title="Treaty of Vincennes">Treaty of Vincennes</a> (1803) was the first of several treaties that Harrison negotiated as territorial governor. Leaders from local tribes signed this treaty to recognize Americans' possession of the Vincennes tract, an area that <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a> had captured from the British during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grouseland" title="Treaty of Grouseland">Treaty of Grouseland</a> (1805) further secured the federal government's possession of land in present-day south-central Indiana. After the signing of the contentious and disputed <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Wayne_(1809)" title="Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)">Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)</a>, in which Harrison acquired for the U.S. government more than 250,000,000 acres (100,000,000 hectares) of land in what later became central Indiana and eastern Illinois, tensions between the Native American and settlers on the frontier neared the breaking the point.<sup id="cite_ref-w7_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w7-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The availability of low-cost federal land led to a rapid increase in the population of the territory, with thousands of new settlers entering the region every year. Large settlements began to spring up on the periphery of the territory around the Great Lakes, the Ohio River, the Wabash River, and the Mississippi River. Much of the interior, though, remained inhabited by the Native American tribes and was left unsettled.<sup id="cite_ref-w7_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w7-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_of_Louisiana">District of Louisiana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: District of Louisiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/District_of_Louisiana" title="District of Louisiana">District of Louisiana</a></div> <p>While Native Americans continued to cede large tracts of land in the Indiana Territory to the federal government, the Americans also expanded their ownership of lands farther west as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> agreement with France. From October 1, 1804, until July 4, 1805, administrative powers of the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Louisiana" title="District of Louisiana">District of Louisiana</a> were extended to the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory as a temporary measure to establish a civil government for the newly purchased lands. The district encompassed all of the Louisiana Purchase lands north of the <a href="/wiki/33rd_parallel_north" title="33rd parallel north">33rd parallel</a>, which serves as the present-day border between the states of <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BR342-43_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR342-43-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the terms of the act establishing the district's temporary government, Governor Harrison and the Indiana Territory's judges enacted laws that extended to the Louisiana district.<sup id="cite_ref-BR342-43_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR342-43-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local residents, who had previously lived under France's civil law, objected to many of the provisions of the U.S. government, including their imposition of <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indiana Territory's temporary administration of the district of Louisiana lasted only nine months, until the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Territory" title="Louisiana Territory">Louisiana Territory</a> was established, effective July 4, 1805, with its own territorial government.<sup id="cite_ref-c8_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c8-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most notable events during the Indiana Territory's administration of the District of Louisiana was the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis_(1804)" title="Treaty of St. Louis (1804)">Treaty of St. Louis</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Fox</a> tribes ceded northeastern <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, northern Illinois, and southern Wisconsin to the United States. Resentments over this treaty later caused the native tribes to side with the British during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> in raids along the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a>, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers, and lead to their involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a> in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tecumseh's_War"><span id="Tecumseh.27s_War"></span>Tecumseh's War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tecumseh's War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg/220px-Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg/330px-Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg/440px-Tecumseh_ante_Harrison.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>At <a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes</a> in 1810, <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> lost his temper when <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> refused to rescind the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Wayne_(1809)" title="Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)">Treaty of Fort Wayne</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ongoing tensions between the Native Americans and new settlers led to further hostilities between American forces and a <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_confederacy" title="Tecumseh's confederacy">pan-Indian confederacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A resistance movement against U.S. expansion that developed around two <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> brothers, <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenskwatawa" title="Tenskwatawa">Tenskwatawa</a> (The Prophet), became known as <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a>. Tenskwatawa convinced members of native tribes that the <a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a> would protect them from harm if they would rise up against the whites. He further encouraged resistance by telling the tribes to only pay white traders half of what they owed, and to give up all the white man's ways, including their clothing, whiskey, and guns.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1810 Tecumseh and an estimated 400 armed warriors traveled to Vincennes, where he confronted Harrison and demanded that the governor rescind the Treaty of Fort Wayne. Harrison refused and the war party left peacefully, but Tecumseh was angry and threatened retaliation. Afterwards, Tecumseh journeyed south to meet with representatives of the tribes in the region, hoping to create a confederation of warriors to battle the Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1811, while Tecumseh was still away, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">U.S. Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">William Eustis</a> authorized Harrison to march against the nascent confederation as a show of force. Harrison moved north with an army of more than 1,000 men in an attempt to intimidate the Shawnee into making peace. Early on the morning of November 6, tribal warriors launched a surprise attack on Harrison's army. The ensuing battle became known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a>, where Harrison ultimately won his famous victory on November 7 at <a href="/wiki/Prophetstown_State_Park" title="Prophetstown State Park">Prophetstown</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_River" title="Wabash River">Wabash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tippecanoe_River" title="Tippecanoe River">Tippecanoe Rivers</a>. Harrison was publicly hailed as a national hero and the nickname of "Old Tippecanoe," despite the fact that his troops had greatly outnumbered the Indian forces and had suffered many more casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the battle, central Indiana was opened to further settlement by allowing more settlers to safely venture beyond the southern periphery of the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movement_toward_statehood">Movement toward statehood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Movement toward statehood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 5, 1804, Governor Harrison issued a proclamation announcing the Indiana Territory's advancement to the semi-legislative phase of government. The territory's voters elected members to its House of Representatives for the first time on January 3, 1805; the governor selected the five-member Legislative Council (upper house) from a list of candidates that the elected representatives provided. The first legislative session of the territorial general assembly met in Vincennes from July 29 through August 16, 1805, and chose <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Parke" title="Benjamin Parke">Benjamin Parke</a> as its first delegate to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bigham8-10_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigham8-10-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1805 and 1811 the northern portion of Indiana Territory was partitioned to establish Michigan Territory and the western portion of the territory set off to form the Illinois Territory. In addition, Governor Harrison negotiated a series of treaties with native tribes that ceded additional lands within the Indiana Territory to the federal government, opening millions of acres for sale and settlement in the present-day southern of Indiana and most of Illinois. In 1810 antislavery supporters in the territorial legislature also succeeded in repealing the 1805 indenture law.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JonathanJennings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/JonathanJennings.jpg/170px-JonathanJennings.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/JonathanJennings.jpg/255px-JonathanJennings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/JonathanJennings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Congressman <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jonathan Jennings</a>, delegate of the Indiana Territory</figcaption></figure> <p>In late December 1811 and early January 1812, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jonathan Jennings</a>, who had become the territory's first popularly-elected delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1810,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presented the territorial legislature's petition to the U.S. Congress that requested permission to draft a state constitution for Indiana in preparation for statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time the white population of the entire territory in 1810 was only 24,520, well below the threshold of 60,000 that the Northwest Ordinance required as a condition for statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-Bigham8-10_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigham8-10-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BR405-30_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR405-30-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress took no action on the petition, largely because of the outbreak of the War of 1812.<sup id="cite_ref-d293_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d293-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_of_1812">War of 1812</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: War of 1812"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">Indiana in the War of 1812</a></div> <p>Tecumseh's war with the Americans merged with the War of 1812 after the pan-Indian confederation allied with the British in Canada. In May 1812, Chief <a href="/wiki/Little_Turtle" title="Little Turtle">Little Turtle</a> hosted a meeting of tribal leaders in the region in the <a href="/wiki/Miami_people" title="Miami people">Miami</a> village of Mississinewa. Most of the tribes decided to remain neutral during the conflict and rejected Tecumseh's plans of continued rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite their rejection, Tecumseh continued to lead his dwindling army against the Americans, moving farther north so the British army could support them. Tecumseh's followers who remained behind continued to raid the countryside and engaged in the Siege of Fort Harrison, which was the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army's</a> first land victory during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Gibson served as acting governor of the territory during the War of 1812, while Harrison was leading the army. After Harrison resigned, Gibson continued as acting governor until <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Posey" title="Thomas Posey">Thomas Posey</a>, the newly appointed governor, arrived in May 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_fought_in_Indiana" title="List of battles fought in Indiana">battles that occurred</a> during the war within the boundaries of the present-day state of Indiana include the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Wayne" title="Siege of Fort Wayne">Siege of Fort Wayne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Roost_State_Historic_Site" title="Pigeon Roost State Historic Site">Pigeon Roost Massacre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mississinewa" title="Battle of the Mississinewa">Battle of the Mississinewa</a>. Most of the territory's native inhabitants remained passive throughout the war; however, numerous incidents between settlers and the native tribes led to the deaths of hundreds in the territory. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ghent" title="Treaty of Ghent">Treaty of Ghent</a> (1814) ended the war and relieved American settlers from their fears of attack by the nearby British and their Indian allies.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Achieving_statehood">Achieving statehood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Achieving statehood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efforts to attain statehood for Indiana were revived in 1815,<sup id="cite_ref-Madison49_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madison49-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following a <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> made in 1814–15 that found the territory's total population had reached 63,897.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 1, 1815, a petition for statehood for Indiana was presented to the U.S. House of Representatives, but no immediate action was taken. Territorial legislature presented another petition to the U.S. House on December 28, 1815, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> on January 2, 1816, prompting Jennings to introduce a bill to authorize the election of delegates to a constitutional convention to discuss statehood for Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-Buley67_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buley67-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was considerable disagreement between Jennings and Posey on the subject of statehood. Posey, who thought it was too early to petition for statehood for Indiana, argued that a state government would pose a fiscal burden on its residents and there would not be sufficient candidates to fill all the new state offices. He also supported slavery, much to the chagrin of his opponents, including Jennings, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Pennington" title="Dennis Pennington">Dennis Pennington</a>, and others in the territorial legislature and who sought to use the bid for statehood to permanently end the possibility of slavery in Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-d293_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d293-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Posey's fiscal concerns were valid. If Indiana became a state it would lose the federal government subsidies it received to operate the territorial government. To support the new state government expenses and to offset the loss of the federal government subsidies, additional taxes would have to be levied on residents.<sup id="cite_ref-Madison49_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madison49-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of statehood argued that the territory's residents were willing and capable of electing government officials to run the state government and wanted to have representatives in Congress who could vote on their behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-BR405-30_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR405-30-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 19, 1816, President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> approved an enabling act that the U.S. Congress passed on April 13. This act granted permission to convene a group of elected delegates tasked with drafting a state constitution,<sup id="cite_ref-Buley67_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buley67-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subject to the approval of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that would establish the form of government for the new state. Elections of the forty-three delegates took place on May 13, 1816, and the constitutional convention assembled on June 10, 1816, in Corydon to begin their work. Convention delegates signed the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana" title="Constitution of Indiana">state's first constitution</a> on June 29, 1816, which immediately went into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elections were held on August 5, 1816, to fill the offices of the new state government, including governor, lieutenant governor, a congressional representative, members of the Indiana General Assembly, and other offices. Jennings defeated Posey to become the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">governor of Indiana</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Harrison" title="Christopher Harrison">Christopher Harrison</a> was elected the state's first <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Indiana" title="Lieutenant Governor of Indiana">lieutenant governor</a>; and <a href="/wiki/William_Hendricks" title="William Hendricks">William Hendricks</a> was elected to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1816 Congress approved the state constitution. The first session of the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_General_Assembly" title="Indiana General Assembly">General Assembly</a> for the state of Indiana convened on November 4, 1816. Jennings and Harrison were inaugurated on November 7, 1816. On the following day the state legislature elected <a href="/wiki/James_Noble_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Noble (senator)">James Noble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waller_Taylor" title="Waller Taylor">Waller Taylor</a> to represent Indiana in the U.S. Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hendricks, Noble, and Taylor were sworn into their congressional offices and took their seats in Congress in early December.<sup id="cite_ref-BR461-2_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR461-2-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dissolution of the territorial government ended the existence of the Indiana Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 11, 1816, Madison signed the congressional resolution that formally admitted Indiana to the Union as the nineteenth state,<sup id="cite_ref-MS44_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS44-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and federal laws were formally extended to the new state on March 3, 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-BR461-2_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR461-2-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corydon_old_capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Corydon_old_capitol.jpg/220px-Corydon_old_capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Corydon_old_capitol.jpg/330px-Corydon_old_capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Corydon_old_capitol.jpg/440px-Corydon_old_capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The old capitol building in Corydon</figcaption></figure> <p>The Indiana Territory is celebrated at an annual event in Corydon that is centered around the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_House#First_statehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana State House">territorial capitol building</a>. The festival includes actors in period dress who portray some of the early settlers and re-enact historical events.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other commemorative festivals occur in Vincennes and Madison.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The history of the period is also noted on historic markers and monuments across the former territory. For example, an Indiana Boundary Territory Line state historical marker, erected in 1999 in <a href="/wiki/LaPorte_County,_Indiana" title="LaPorte County, Indiana">LaPorte County</a>, commemorates the establishment of the Indiana Territory's northern boundary when the Michigan Territory was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/48px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/64px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indiana" title="Portal:Indiana">Indiana portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/32px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/48px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/64px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Illinois" title="Portal:Illinois">Illinois portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Historic regions of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSixth_Congress_of_United_States1845" class="citation web cs1">Sixth Congress of United States (1845). Peters, Richard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/llsl//llsl-c6/llsl-c6.pdf">"The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America, Acts of the Sixth Congress of the United States, 1800, May 7, Statute I, Chap XLI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Library of Congress</i>. Boston: Charles C. Little & James Brown. p. 58<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=The+Public+Statutes+at+Large+of+the+United+States+of+America%2C+Acts+of+the+Sixth+Congress+of+the+United+States%2C+1800%2C+May+7%2C+Statute+I%2C+Chap+XLI&rft.pages=58&rft.date=1845&rft.au=Sixth+Congress+of+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftile.loc.gov%2Fstorage-services%2Fservice%2Fll%2Fllsl%2F%2Fllsl-c6%2Fllsl-c6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_states_F-K.html#Indiana">"Indiana"</a>. World Statesmen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana&rft.pub=World+Statesmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FUS_states_F-K.html%23Indiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forstall_pp._47–49-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forstall_pp._47–49_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forstall_pp._47–49_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forstall_pp._47–49_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForstall" class="citation report cs1">Forstall, Richard L. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/population-of-states-and-counties-us-1790-1990/population-of-states-and-counties-of-the-united-states-1790-1990.pdf">Population of the States and Counties of the United States: 1790–1990</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. pp. 47–49<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Population+of+the+States+and+Counties+of+the+United+States%3A+1790%E2%80%931990&rft.pages=47-49&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1990%2Fpopulation-of-states-and-counties-us-1790-1990%2Fpopulation-of-states-and-counties-of-the-united-states-1790-1990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forstall_pp._51–53-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forstall_pp._51–53_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forstall_pp._51–53_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForstall" class="citation report cs1">Forstall, Richard L. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/population-of-states-and-counties-us-1790-1990/population-of-states-and-counties-of-the-united-states-1790-1990.pdf">Population of the States and Counties of the United States: 1790–1990</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. pp. 51–53<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Population+of+the+States+and+Counties+of+the+United+States%3A+1790%E2%80%931990&rft.pages=51-53&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1990%2Fpopulation-of-states-and-counties-us-1790-1990%2Fpopulation-of-states-and-counties-of-the-united-states-1790-1990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forstall_pp._81–83-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forstall_pp._81–83_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forstall_pp._81–83_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForstall" class="citation report cs1">Forstall, Richard L. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/population-of-states-and-counties-us-1790-1990/population-of-states-and-counties-of-the-united-states-1790-1990.pdf">Population of the States and Counties of the United States: 1790–1990</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. pp. 81–83<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Population+of+the+States+and+Counties+of+the+United+States%3A+1790%E2%80%931990&rft.pages=81-83&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1990%2Fpopulation-of-states-and-counties-us-1790-1990%2Fpopulation-of-states-and-counties-of-the-united-states-1790-1990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_H._Madison_and_Lee_Ann_Sandweiss2014" class="citation book cs1">James H. Madison and Lee Ann Sandweiss (2014). <i>Hoosiers and the American Story</i>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871953636" title="Special:BookSources/9780871953636"><bdi>9780871953636</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoosiers+and+the+American+Story&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780871953636&rft.au=James+H.+Madison+and+Lee+Ann+Sandweiss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cutler53-54-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cutler53-54_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cutler53-54_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJervis_Cutler_and_Charles_Le_Raye1971" class="citation book cs1">Jervis Cutler and Charles Le Raye (1971). <i>A Topographical Description of the State of Ohio, Indiana Territory, and Louisiana</i>. New York: Arnot Press. pp. 53–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780405028397" title="Special:BookSources/9780405028397"><bdi>9780405028397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Topographical+Description+of+the+State+of+Ohio%2C+Indiana+Territory%2C+and+Louisiana&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=53-54&rft.pub=Arnot+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780405028397&rft.au=Jervis+Cutler+and+Charles+Le+Raye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> Reprint of 1812 edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_D._Barnhart_and_Dorothy_L._Riker1971" class="citation book cs1">John D. Barnhart and Dorothy L. Riker (1971). <i>Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period</i>. The History of Indiana. Vol. 1. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society. pp. 311–12. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154955">154955</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana+to+1816%3A+The+Colonial+Period&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.series=The+History+of+Indiana&rft.pages=311-12&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Bureau+and+the+Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154955&rft.au=John+D.+Barnhart+and+Dorothy+L.+Riker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarrel_Bigham2001" class="citation book cs1">Darrel Bigham, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianaterritory0000unse/page/7"><i>Indiana Territory, 1800-2000: A Bicentennial Perspective</i></a>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianaterritory0000unse/page/7">7–8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871951557" title="Special:BookSources/9780871951557"><bdi>9780871951557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana+Territory%2C+1800-2000%3A+A+Bicentennial+Perspective&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780871951557&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findianaterritory0000unse%2Fpage%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cutler and Le Raye, pp. 110 and 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudge_Law1858" class="citation book cs1">Judge Law (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialhistory00lawgoog"><i>The Colonial History of Vincennes</i></a>. Harvey, Mason and Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialhistory00lawgoog/page/n71">57</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Colonial+History+of+Vincennes&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Harvey%2C+Mason+and+Company&rft.date=1858&rft.au=Judge+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolonialhistory00lawgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> Reproduced 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madison34-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Madison34_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madison34_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR314-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR314_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR314_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR267-70-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR267-70_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR267-70_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 267–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR312-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR312_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR312_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GS18-40-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GS18-40_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GS18-40_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinda_C._Gugin_and_James_E._St._Clair2006" class="citation book cs1">Linda C. Gugin and James E. St. Clair, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780871951960/page/18"><i>The Governors of Indiana</i></a>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press and the Indiana Historical Bureau. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780871951960/page/18">18, 20, 28, 32, 37, and 40</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87195-196-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87195-196-7"><bdi>0-87195-196-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governors+of+Indiana&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=18%2C+20%2C+28%2C+32%2C+37%2C+and+40&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society+Press+and+the+Indiana+Historical+Bureau&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-87195-196-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780871951960%2Fpage%2F18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibson1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson1_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 405–06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gugin and St. Clair, eds., pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jonathan Jennings</a> was sworn into office as the first governor of the new state of Indiana on November 7, 1816. See Gugin and St. Clair, eds., p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR314-24-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR314-24_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR314-24_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 314, 317, and 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn,_p._215-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunn,_p._215_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunn,_p._215_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e170-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e170_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e170_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e170_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogan_Esarey1915" class="citation book cs1">Logan Esarey (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oTEUAAAAYAAJ&q=A+History+of+Indiana+Esarey&pg=PP1"><i>A History of Indiana</i></a>. W. K. Stewart Company. pp. 170–72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Indiana&rft.pages=170-72&rft.pub=W.+K.+Stewart+Company&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Logan+Esarey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoTEUAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DA%2BHistory%2Bof%2BIndiana%2BEsarey%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR345-46-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR345-46_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR345-46_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR345-46_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 345–46, and p. 345, note 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR347-51-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BR347-51_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 347, 351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 356.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buley, v. I, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Funk, p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000171">"Thomas, Jess Burgess, (1777 - 1853)"</a>. <i>Biographical Directory of Congress</i>. United States Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Thomas%2C+Jess+Burgess%2C+%281777+-+1853%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DT000171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buley, v. I, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandy_K._Mills2005" class="citation book cs1">Randy K. Mills (2005). <i>Jonathan Jennings: Indiana's First Governor</i>. Indianapolis: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Historical_Society" title="Indiana Historical Society">Indiana Historical Society</a> Press. pp. 97–98, 104–5, and 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87195-182-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87195-182-3"><bdi>978-0-87195-182-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jonathan+Jennings%3A+Indiana%27s+First+Governor&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=97-98%2C+104-5%2C+and+156&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-87195-182-3&rft.au=Randy+K.+Mills&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Wesley_Woollen1975" class="citation book cs1">William Wesley Woollen (1975). <i>Biographical and Historical Sketches of Early Indiana</i>. Ayer Publishing. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-06896-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-06896-4"><bdi>0-405-06896-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+and+Historical+Sketches+of+Early+Indiana&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-405-06896-4&rft.au=William+Wesley+Woollen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_Carmony1943" class="citation journal cs1">Donald Carmony (September 1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/view/7438">"Indiana Territorial Expenditures, 1800–1816"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 242<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Indiana+Territorial+Expenditures%2C+1800%E2%80%931816&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=242&rft.date=1943-09&rft.au=Donald+Carmony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.iu.edu%2Fjournals%2Findex.php%2Fimh%2Farticle%2Fview%2F7438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carmony, pp. 255–56, 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 405–06; Gugin and St. Clair, eds., pp. 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The office of auditor was created by Congress in 1809 and filled in the next general election</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 432–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett, ed., p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 413, 433–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 414–15, 421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 421–23, 442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR369-70-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR369-70_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR369-70_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 369–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bigham, pp. 12–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 334–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g21-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g21_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g21_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gresham, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terms of servitude for an adult slave could extend beyond the slave's life. Slaves under the age of fifteen were required to serve until they reached age thirty-five for males and thirty-two for females. Children born to slaves after they arrived in the territory were bound into service for thirty years for males and twenty-eight years for females. See: Barnhart and Riker, p. 348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By the same act, Congress removed the General Court's legislative power, creating a legislative council to be elected by popular vote, enabling the Indiana Territory to enter the second phase of territorial government. See Dunn, p. 246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, pp. 249 and 298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 349.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 327 and 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gresham25-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gresham25_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gresham25_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gresham, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T169-B17-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-T169-B17_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-T169-B17_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_M._Taylor_Jr.Erroll_Wayne_StevensMary_Ann_PonderPaul_Brockman1989" class="citation book cs1">Robert M. Taylor Jr.; Erroll Wayne Stevens; Mary Ann Ponder; Paul Brockman (1989). <i>Indiana: A New Historical Guide</i>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871950499" title="Special:BookSources/0871950499"><bdi>0871950499</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana%3A+A+New+Historical+Guide&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0871950499&rft.au=Robert+M.+Taylor+Jr.&rft.au=Erroll+Wayne+Stevens&rft.au=Mary+Ann+Ponder&rft.au=Paul+Brockman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> Also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay_E._Boomhower2000" class="citation book cs1">Ray E. Boomhower (2000). <i>Destination Indiana: Travels Through Hoosier History</i>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871951479" title="Special:BookSources/0871951479"><bdi>0871951479</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destination+Indiana%3A+Travels+Through+Hoosier+History&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0871951479&rft.au=Ray+E.+Boomhower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125022858/http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001%2Fllsl001.db&recNum=173">"Congressional Record"</a>. 1st United States Congress. August 7, 1789. pp. 50–51. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001/llsl001.db&recNum=173">the original</a> on January 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=1st+United+States+Congress&rft.date=1789-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frs6.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dllsl%26fileName%3D001%2Fllsl001.db%26recNum%3D173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyrus Hodgin, "The Naming of Indiana," in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm">"Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society"</a>. <b>1</b> (1). 1903: 3–11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Papers+of+the+Wayne+County%2C+Indiana%2C+Historical+Society&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-11&rft.date=1903&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov%2Fhistory%2F2805.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison and Sandweiss, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 283–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_H._Madison2014" class="citation book cs1">James H. Madison (2014). <i>Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana</i>. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press and the Indiana Historical Society Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-01308-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-01308-8"><bdi>978-0-253-01308-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoosiers%3A+A+New+History+of+Indiana&rft.place=Bloomington+and+Indianapolis&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press+and+the+Indiana+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-253-01308-8&rft.au=James+H.+Madison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory_Evans_Dowd1992" class="citation book cs1">Gregory Evans Dowd (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritedresistan0000dowd/page/113"><i>A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745–1815</i></a>. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritedresistan0000dowd/page/113">113–14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4236-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4236-0"><bdi>0-8018-4236-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Spirited+Resistance%3A+The+North+American+Indian+Struggle+for+Unity%2C+1745%E2%80%931815&rft.place=Baltimore+and+London&rft.pages=113-14&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8018-4236-0&rft.au=Gregory+Evans+Dowd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspiritedresistan0000dowd%2Fpage%2F113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madison29-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Madison29_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madison29_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Carlyle_Buley1950" class="citation book cs1">R. Carlyle Buley (1950). <i>The Old Northwest: Pioneer Period, 1815-1840</i>. Vol. I. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Old+Northwest%3A+Pioneer+Period%2C+1815-1840&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=1950&rft.au=R.+Carlyle+Buley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArville_L._Funk1983" class="citation book cs1">Arville L. Funk (1983) [1969]. <i>A Sketchbook of Indiana History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Indiana" title="Rochester, Indiana">Rochester, Indiana</a>: Christian Book Press. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sketchbook+of+Indiana+History&rft.place=Rochester%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Christian+Book+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Arville+L.+Funk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 303–07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 311–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibson-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibson_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In addition to his duties as acting governor, John Gibson served as the first secretary of the Indiana Territory from July 4, 1800, to November 7, 1816. See Gugin and St. Clair, eds., pp. 28–31. Also: Barnhart and Riker, pp. 317, 323, and 405–06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison resigned his position as territorial governor on December 28, 1812, to continue his military and political career. He gained national fame as a hero of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a> (1811) and became the ninth <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1841); <a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Indiana" title="Harrison County, Indiana">Harrison County</a> was named in his honor. See: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob_Piatt_Dunn_Jr.1919" class="citation book cs1">Jacob Piatt Dunn Jr. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GmcPryCCxFIC"><i>Indiana and Indianans</i></a>. Vol. I. Chicago and New York: The American Historical Society. p. 228.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana+and+Indianans&rft.place=Chicago+and+New+York&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=The+American+Historical+Society&rft.date=1919&rft.au=Jacob+Piatt+Dunn+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGmcPryCCxFIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> Also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512125758/http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main2.html">"Indiana History Part 2"</a>. Northern Indiana Center for History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main2.html">the original</a> on May 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+History+Part+2&rft.pub=Northern+Indiana+Center+for+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhistory.org%2Findiana_history_main2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 225–226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bigham, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPamela_J._Bennett1999" class="citation journal cs1">Pamela J. Bennett, ed. (March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in.gov/history/files/interritory.pdf">"Indiana Territory"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Indiana Historian</i>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indiana+Historian&rft.atitle=Indiana+Territory&rft.date=1999-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov%2Fhistory%2Ffiles%2Finterritory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Pence_and_Nellie_C._Armstrong1933" class="citation book cs1">George Pence and Nellie C. Armstrong (1933). <i>Indiana Boundaries: Territory, State, and County</i>. Indiana Historical Collections. Vol. 19. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau. pp. 21–22. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12704244">12704244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana+Boundaries%3A+Territory%2C+State%2C+and+County&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.series=Indiana+Historical+Collections&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Bureau&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12704244&rft.au=George+Pence+and+Nellie+C.+Armstrong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> Reprinted, 1967.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard L. Forstall, <i>Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790-1990</i>. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources indicate that there were only thirteen counties by 1816, see Barnhart and Riker, p. 427, for example; however, other sources identify fifteen counties: Clark, Dearborn, Franklin, Gibson, Harrison, Jackson, Jefferson, Knox, Orange, Perry, Posey, Switzerland, Warrick, Washington, and Wayne. See: Pence and Armstrong, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w7-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w7_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w7_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w7_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaac_Rand_Jackson1840" class="citation book cs1">Isaac Rand Jackson (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=4KYEAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-4KYEAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1"><i>A Sketch of the Life and Public Services of William Henry Harrison</i></a>. Columbus, Ohio: I. N. Whitting. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sketch+of+the+Life+and+Public+Services+of+William+Henry+Harrison&rft.place=Columbus%2C+Ohio&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=I.+N.+Whitting&rft.date=1840&rft.au=Isaac+Rand+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%3Fid%3D4KYEAAAAYAAJ%26rdid%3Dbook-4KYEAAAAYAAJ%26rdot%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR342-43-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR342-43_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR342-43_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 342–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louisiana Purchase lands south of the 33rd parallel, the more densely populated "territory of Orleans," was separately administered, largely under civil law.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One Kansas Territory source, recounting Kansas history up to 1855, states that Kansas, as part of the district of Louisiana, was not only administered by, but also "annexed to", Indiana Territory. Whether a temporary act can effect an annexation may depend on its actual duration, and most sources have declined to call Indiana Territory administration an annexation or even to use the term "annexed to". Less persuasively, maps generally fail to reflect the de jure common governance of Indiana Territory and the [D]istrict of Louisiana by way of, say, a common color scheme and/or a dotted border. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c8-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c8_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321170012/http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=002%2Fllsl002.db&recNum=368">"Congressional Record"</a>. 8th United States Congress. March 3, 1805. p. 331. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=002/llsl002.db&recNum=368">the original</a> on 2021-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record&rft.pages=331&rft.pub=8th+United+States+Congress&rft.date=1805-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frs6.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dllsl%26fileName%3D002%2Fllsl002.db%26recNum%3D368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_J._Kappler1804" class="citation book cs1">Charles J. Kappler, ed. (November 3, 1804). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012133515/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sau0074.htm#mn3"><i>Treaty with the Sauk and Foxes, 1804</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>. p. 1804. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sau0074.htm#mn3">the original</a> on October 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaty+with+the+Sauk+and+Foxes%2C+1804&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=1804&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1804-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.okstate.edu%2Fkappler%2Fvol2%2Ftreaties%2Fsau0074.htm%23mn3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> 7 Stat., 84. Ratified January 25, 1805, proclaimed February 21, 1805.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._J._Langguth2006" class="citation book cs1">A. J. Langguth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/union181200ajla/page/158"><i>Union 1812: The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence</i></a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/union181200ajla/page/158">158–60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-2618-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-2618-6"><bdi>0-7432-2618-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Union+1812%3A+The+Americans+Who+Fought+the+Second+War+of+Independence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=158-60&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7432-2618-6&rft.au=A.+J.+Langguth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funion181200ajla%2Fpage%2F158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langguth, pp. 164–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langguth, pp. 167–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman_Cleeves1939" class="citation book cs1">Freeman Cleeves (1939). <i>Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Time</i>. New York: Scribner's. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Tippecanoe%3A+William+Henry+Harrison+and+His+Time&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Scribner%27s&rft.date=1939&rft.au=Freeman+Cleeves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bigham8-10-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bigham8-10_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bigham8-10_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bigham, pp. 8–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison and Sandweiss, pp. 43–44, 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buley, v. 1, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR405-30-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR405-30_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR405-30_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 405–06, 430.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d293-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d293_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d293_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 293</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_L._Engleman" class="citation journal cs1">Fred L. Engleman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071102122109/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1960/1/1960_1_28.shtml">"The Peace of Christmas Eve"</a>. <i>American Heritage</i>. American Heritage.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1960/1/1960_1_28.shtml">the original</a> on November 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=The+Peace+of+Christmas+Eve&rft.au=Fred+L.+Engleman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fah%2F1960%2F1%2F1960_1_28.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madison49-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Madison49_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madison49_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Pennington" title="Dennis Pennington">Dennis Pennington</a> was named as the census <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enumerator" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:enumerator">enumerator</a>. Historical sources report varying census totals, but most secondary sources list the total population as 65,897, which is the census figure submitted to the territory's House of Representatives. See Barnhart and Riker, p. 427, note 39; Bennett, ed., p. 6; and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_S._Haymond1879" class="citation book cs1">William S. Haymond (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LxgVAAAAYAAJ"><i>An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana</i></a>. S. L. Marrow and Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LxgVAAAAYAAJ/page/n185">181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+History+of+the+State+of+Indiana&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=S.+L.+Marrow+and+Company&rft.date=1879&rft.au=William+S.+Haymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_LxgVAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buley67-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buley67_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buley67_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Buley, v. I, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In addition, Posey was soliciting his reappointed from the U.S. president to another term as the territorial governor and therefore had a professional interest in maintaining the territorial government. See Barnhart and Riker, p. 430.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Funk, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buley, v. I, pp. 67, 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 441–44, 460.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, p. 461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett, ed., p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gugin and St. Clair, eds., p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR461-2-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR461-2_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR461-2_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnhart and Riker, pp. 461–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Funk, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511131847/http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main3.html">"Indiana History Part 3"</a>. Indiana Center For History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main3.html">the original</a> on May 11, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+History+Part+3&rft.pub=Indiana+Center+For+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhistory.org%2Findiana_history_main3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS44-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MS44_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madison and Sandweiss, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017123037/http://www.indianaterritoryfestival.org/">"Indiana Territory Festival"</a>. Harrison County Tourism Board. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianaterritoryfestival.org/">the original</a> on 2008-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+Territory+Festival&rft.pub=Harrison+County+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianaterritoryfestival.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1816, when Indiana became a state, the state's boundary was moved ten miles north, providing Indiana with additional miles of shoreline along <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>. See: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in.gov/history/markers/381.htm">"Indiana Territory Boundary Line"</a>. Indiana Historical Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+Territory+Boundary+Line&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov%2Fhistory%2Fmarkers%2F381.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnhart,_John_D.,_and_Dorothy_L._Riker1971" class="citation book cs1">Barnhart, John D., and Dorothy L. Riker (1971). <i>Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period</i>. The History of Indiana. Vol. 1. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154955">154955</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana+to+1816%3A+The+Colonial+Period&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.series=The+History+of+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Bureau+and+the+Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154955&rft.au=Barnhart%2C+John+D.%2C+and+Dorothy+L.+Riker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett,_Pamela_J.,_ed." class="citation journal cs1">Bennett, Pamela J., ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in.gov/history/files/interritory.pdf">"Indiana Territory"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Indiana Historian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indiana+Historian&rft.atitle=Indiana+Territory&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Pamela+J.%2C+ed.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov%2Fhistory%2Ffiles%2Finterritory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBigham,_Darrel2001" class="citation book cs1">Bigham, Darrel, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianaterritory0000unse"><i>Indiana Territory, 1800-2000: A Bicentennial Perspective</i></a>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871951557" title="Special:BookSources/9780871951557"><bdi>9780871951557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana+Territory%2C+1800-2000%3A+A+Bicentennial+Perspective&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780871951557&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findianaterritory0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoomhower,_Ray_E.2000" class="citation book cs1">Boomhower, Ray E. (2000). <i>Destination Indiana: Travels Through Hoosier History</i>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871951479" title="Special:BookSources/0871951479"><bdi>0871951479</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destination+Indiana%3A+Travels+Through+Hoosier+History&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0871951479&rft.au=Boomhower%2C+Ray+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuley,_R._Carlyle1950" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Buley, R. Carlyle (1950). <i>The Old Northwest: Pioneer Period, 1815-1840</i>. Vol. I and II. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Old+Northwest%3A+Pioneer+Period%2C+1815-1840&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=1950&rft.au=Buley%2C+R.+Carlyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmony,_Donald1943" class="citation journal cs1">Carmony, Donald (September 1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/view/7438">"Indiana Territorial Expenditures, 1800–1816"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 237–62<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Indiana+Territorial+Expenditures%2C+1800%E2%80%931816&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=237-62&rft.date=1943-09&rft.au=Carmony%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.iu.edu%2Fjournals%2Findex.php%2Fimh%2Farticle%2Fview%2F7438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleaves,_Freeman1939" class="citation book cs1">Cleaves, Freeman (1939). <i>Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Time</i>. New York: Scribner's.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Tippecanoe%3A+William+Henry+Harrison+and+His+Time&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner%27s&rft.date=1939&rft.au=Cleaves%2C+Freeman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125022858/http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001%2Fllsl001.db&recNum=173">"Congressional Record"</a>. 1st U.S. Congress. August 7, 1789. pp. 50–51. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001/llsl001.db&recNum=173">the original</a> on January 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=1st+U.S.+Congress&rft.date=1789-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frs6.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dllsl%26fileName%3D001%2Fllsl001.db%26recNum%3D173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321170012/http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=002%2Fllsl002.db&recNum=368">"Congressional Record"</a>. 8th U.S. Congress. March 3, 1805. p. 331. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=002/llsl002.db&recNum=368">the original</a> on March 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record&rft.pages=331&rft.pub=8th+U.S.+Congress&rft.date=1805-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frs6.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dllsl%26fileName%3D002%2Fllsl002.db%26recNum%3D368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutler,_Jervis,_and_Charles_Le_Raye1971" class="citation book cs1">Cutler, Jervis, and Charles Le Raye (1971). <i>A Topographical Description of the State of Ohio, Indiana Territory, and Louisiana</i>. Arnot Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-02839-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-02839-7"><bdi>978-0-405-02839-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Topographical+Description+of+the+State+of+Ohio%2C+Indiana+Territory%2C+and+Louisiana&rft.pub=Arnot+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-405-02839-7&rft.au=Cutler%2C+Jervis%2C+and+Charles+Le+Raye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> (Reprint of 1812 edition.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowd,_Gregory_Evans1992" class="citation book cs1">Dowd, Gregory Evans (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritedresistan0000dowd"><i>A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745–1815</i></a></span>. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4236-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4236-0"><bdi>0-8018-4236-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Spirited+Resistance%3A+The+North+American+Indian+Struggle+for+Unity%2C+1745%E2%80%931815&rft.place=Baltimore+and+London&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8018-4236-0&rft.au=Dowd%2C+Gregory+Evans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspiritedresistan0000dowd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn_Jr.,_Jacob_Piatt1919" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Piatt_Dunn" title="Jacob Piatt Dunn">Dunn Jr., Jacob Piatt</a> (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GmcPryCCxFIC"><i>Indiana and Indianans</i></a>. Vol. I. Chicago and New York: The American Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana+and+Indianans&rft.place=Chicago+and+New+York&rft.pub=The+American+Historical+Society&rft.date=1919&rft.au=Dunn+Jr.%2C+Jacob+Piatt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGmcPryCCxFIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngleman,_Fred_L." class="citation web cs1">Engleman, Fred L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071102122109/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1960/1/1960_1_28.shtml">"The Peace of Christmas Eve"</a>. American Heritage.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1960/1/1960_1_28.shtml">the original</a> on November 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Peace+of+Christmas+Eve&rft.pub=American+Heritage.com&rft.au=Engleman%2C+Fred+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fah%2F1960%2F1%2F1960_1_28.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsarey,_Logan1915" class="citation book cs1">Esarey, Logan (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oTEUAAAAYAAJ&q=A+History+of+Indiana+Esarey&pg=PP1"><i>A History of Indiana</i></a>. W. K. Stewart Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Indiana&rft.pub=W.+K.+Stewart+Company&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Esarey%2C+Logan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoTEUAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DA%2BHistory%2Bof%2BIndiana%2BEsarey%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunk,_Arville_L.1983" class="citation book cs1">Funk, Arville L. (1983) [1969]. <i>A Sketchbook of Indiana History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Indiana" title="Rochester, Indiana">Rochester, Indiana</a>: Christian Book Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sketchbook+of+Indiana+History&rft.place=Rochester%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Christian+Book+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Funk%2C+Arville+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGresham,_Matilda1919" class="citation book cs1">Gresham, Matilda (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifewaltergresham01gresrich"><i>Life of Walter Quintin Gresham, 1832-1895</i></a>. Rand McNally and company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Walter+Quintin+Gresham%2C+1832-1895&rft.pub=Rand+McNally+and+company&rft.date=1919&rft.au=Gresham%2C+Matilda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifewaltergresham01gresrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGugin,_Linda_C.,_and_James_E._St._Clair,_eds.2006" class="citation book cs1">Gugin, Linda C., and James E. St. Clair, eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780871951960"><i>The Governors of Indiana</i></a>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press and the Indiana Historical Bureau. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87195-196-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87195-196-7"><bdi>0-87195-196-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governors+of+Indiana&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society+Press+and+the+Indiana+Historical+Bureau&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-87195-196-7&rft.au=Gugin%2C+Linda+C.%2C+and+James+E.+St.+Clair%2C+eds.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780871951960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaymond,_William_S.1879" class="citation book cs1">Haymond, William S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+History+Part+2&rft.pub=Northern+Indiana+Center+for+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhistory.org%2Findiana_history_main2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511131847/http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main3.html">"Indiana History Part 3"</a>. Indiana Center For History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main3.html">the original</a> on May 11, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+History+Part+3&rft.pub=Indiana+Center+For+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhistory.org%2Findiana_history_main3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in.gov/history/markers/381.htm">"Indiana Territory Boundary Line"</a>. Indiana Historical Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+Territory+Festival&rft.pub=Harrison+County+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianaterritoryfestival.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson,_Isaac_Rand1840" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Isaac Rand (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asketchlifeandp01jackgoog"><i>A Sketch of the Life and Public Services of William Henry Harrison</i></a>. Columbus, Ohio: I. N. Whiting.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sketch+of+the+Life+and+Public+Services+of+William+Henry+Harrison&rft.place=Columbus%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=I.+N.+Whiting&rft.date=1840&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Isaac+Rand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasketchlifeandp01jackgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000097">"Jennings, Jonathan, (1784 - 1834)"</a>. <i>Biographical Directory of Congress</i>. U.S. Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Jennings%2C+Jonathan%2C+%281784+-+1834%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DJ000097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKappler,_Charles_J.,_ed.1804" class="citation book cs1">Kappler, Charles J., ed. (November 3, 1804). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012133515/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sau0074.htm#mn3"><i>Treaty with the Sauk and Foxes, 1804</i></a>. Washington: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sau0074.htm#mn3">the original</a> on October 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaty+with+the+Sauk+and+Foxes%2C+1804&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1804-11-03&rft.au=Kappler%2C+Charles+J.%2C+ed.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.okstate.edu%2Fkappler%2Fvol2%2Ftreaties%2Fsau0074.htm%23mn3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> 7 Stat., 84. Ratified January 25, 1805, proclaimed February 21, 1805.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangguth,_A._J.2006" class="citation book cs1">Langguth, A. J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/union181200ajla"><i>Union 1812: The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence</i></a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-2618-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-2618-6"><bdi>0-7432-2618-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Union+1812%3A+The+Americans+Who+Fought+the+Second+War+of+Independence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7432-2618-6&rft.au=Langguth%2C+A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funion181200ajla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw,_Judge1858" class="citation book cs1">Law, Judge (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialhistory00lawgoog"><i>The Colonial History of Vincennes</i></a>. 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Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press and the Indiana Historical Society Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-01308-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-01308-8"><bdi>978-0-253-01308-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoosiers%3A+A+New+History+of+Indiana&rft.place=Bloomington+and+Indianapolis&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press+and+the+Indiana+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-253-01308-8&rft.au=Madison%2C+James+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadison,_James_H.,_and_Lee_Ann_Sandweiss2014" class="citation book cs1">Madison, James H., and Lee Ann Sandweiss (2014). <i>Hoosiers and the American Story</i>. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87195-363-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87195-363-6"><bdi>978-0-87195-363-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoosiers+and+the+American+Story&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-87195-363-6&rft.au=Madison%2C+James+H.%2C+and+Lee+Ann+Sandweiss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills,_Randy_K._Mills2005" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Randy K. Mills (2005). <i>Jonathan Jennings: Indiana's First Governor</i>. 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Vol. 1. 1903. pp. 3–11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papers+of+the+Wayne+County%2C+Indiana%2C+Historical+Society&rft.pages=3-11&rft.date=1903&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov%2Fhistory%2F2805.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/parke-benjamin">"Parke, Benjamin"</a>. Federal Judicial Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parke%2C+Benjamin&rft.pub=Federal+Judicial+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fjudges%2Fparke-benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000052">"Parke, Benjamin, (1777 – 1835)"</a>. <i>Biographical Directory of Congress</i>. U.S. Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871950499" title="Special:BookSources/0871950499"><bdi>0871950499</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana%3A+A+New+Historical+Guide&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0871950499&rft.au=Taylor+Jr.%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Erroll+Wayne+Stevens&rft.au=Mary+Ann+Ponder&rft.au=Paul+Brockman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000171">"Thomas, Jess Burgess, (1777 - 1853)"</a>. <i>Biographical Directory of Congress</i>. United States Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Thomas%2C+Jess+Burgess%2C+%281777+-+1853%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DT000171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodfill,_Roger" class="citation web cs1">Woodfill, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surveyhistory.org/greenville_&_grouseland_treaty_lines1.htm">"Greenville and Grouseland Treaty Lines"</a>. <i>Backsights</i>. Surveyors Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Backsights&rft.atitle=Greenville+and+Grouseland+Treaty+Lines&rft.au=Woodfill%2C+Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyhistory.org%2Fgreenville_%26_grouseland_treaty_lines1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoollen,_William_Wesley1975" class="citation book cs1">Woollen, William Wesley (1975). <i>Biographical and Historical Sketches of Early Indiana</i>. Ayer Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-06896-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-06896-4"><bdi>0-405-06896-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+and+Historical+Sketches+of+Early+Indiana&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-405-06896-4&rft.au=Woollen%2C+William+Wesley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Territory" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Territory&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174831/http://www.in.gov/history/6214.htm">Act Creating Indiana Territory, 1800</a>, text, Indiana Historical Bureary, Indianapolis</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in.gov/history/2454.htm">Act Dividing the Indiana Territory, 1805</a>, text, Indiana Historical Bureau</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in.gov/history/2455.htm">Act Dividing the Indiana Territory, 1809</a>, text, Indiana Historical Bureau</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in.gov/history/2482.htm">Proclamation: Announcing that Indiana Territory Had Passed to the Second Grade</a>, text, Indiana Historical Bureau</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728031605/http://resource.smartdesktop.org/rescon/?sm=fl9%3BPublisher25%3BIndiana+Historical+Bureaufl8%3BStandard15%3BSS.USH.1.4+2001">Other acts concerning the Indiana Territory</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territories_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link 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href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_act" title="Organic act">Organic act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States#Former_organized_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Organized incorporated territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">U.S. territorial sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest</a> (1787–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest</a> (1790–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi</a> (1798–1817)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indiana</a> (1800–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Orleans" title="Territory of Orleans">Orleans</a> (1804–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Territory" title="Louisiana Territory">Louisiana</a>/<a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri</a> (1805–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan</a> (1805–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois</a> (1809–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Territory" title="Alabama Territory">Alabama</a> (1817–1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Territory" title="Arkansas Territory">Arkansas</a> (1819–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida</a> (1822–1845)</li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> 1834–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Panhandle</a> 1850–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Territory</a> 1890–1907</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Territory" title="Wisconsin Territory">Wisconsin</a> (1836–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Territory" title="Iowa Territory">Iowa</a> (1838–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon</a> (1848–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Territory" title="Minnesota Territory">Minnesota</a> (1849–1858)</li> <li>New Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._provisional_government_of_New_Mexico" title="U.S. provisional government of New Mexico">Provisional</a> 1846–1850</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">Territory</a> 1850–1912</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah</a> (1850–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington</a> (1853–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas</a> (1854–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory" title="Nebraska Territory">Nebraska</a> (1854–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Territory" title="Nevada Territory">Nevada</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Territory" title="Colorado Territory">Colorado</a> (1861–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota</a> (1861–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho</a> (1863–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona</a> (1863–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana</a> (1864–1889)</li> <li>Alaska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">Department</a> 1867–1884</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Alaska" title="District of Alaska">District</a> 1884–1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory</a> 1912–1959</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming</a> (1868–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Hawaii</a> (1900–1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Incorporated_vs._unincorporated_territories" title="Territories of the United States">Unincorporated territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> (1898–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Government_of_Guam" title="Naval Government of Guam">Naval Government</a> 1899–1950)</li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands">Military Government</a> 1899–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Insular Government</a> 1902–1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a> 1935–1946</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_Porto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government of Porto Rico">Military Government</a> 1899–1900</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_Porto_Rico" title="Insular Government of Porto Rico">Insular Government</a> 1900–1952</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> (1900–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> (1917–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (1986–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations trust territories</a> and other inhabited territories governed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Concession_(Shanghai)" title="American Concession (Shanghai)">American concession of Shanghai</a> (1848–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_concession_of_Tianjin" title="American concession of Tianjin">American concession of Tianjin</a> (1860–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Government_of_Cuba" title="Military Government of Cuba">Cuba</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> (1903–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Islands" title="Corn Islands">Corn Islands</a> (1914–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_and_Enderbury_Islands" title="Canton and Enderbury Islands">Canton and Enderbury Islands</a> (1939–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands#Navy_Time" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a> (1945–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_Islands#History" title="Volcano Islands">Volcano Islands</a> (1945–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a> (1947–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Administration_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a> (1950–1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guano_Islands_Act" title="Guano Islands Act">Guano Islands Act</a> claims and other <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">uninhabited islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a> (1856–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncador_Bank" title="Roncador Bank">Roncador Bank</a> (1856–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrana_Bank" title="Serrana Bank">Serrana Bank</a> (1856–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a> (1857–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a> (1860–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Islands,_Honduras" title="Swan Islands, Honduras">Swan Islands</a> (1863–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quita_Sue%C3%B1o_Bank" title="Quita Sueño Bank">Quita Sueño Bank</a> (1869–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a> (1898–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> (1899–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Territories of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Subdivisions of the United States">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Indiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indiana_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Indiana history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indiana_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Indiana history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indiana_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indiana history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Indiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana" title="History of Indiana">History of</a> <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Early_civilizations" title="History of Indiana">Early history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#European_contact" title="History of Indiana">European contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_Expeditions" class="mw-redirect" title="La Salle Expeditions">La Salle Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#France" title="History of Indiana">French Rule</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/100px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/150px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/200px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indiana_Counties.jpg/100px-Indiana_Counties.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indiana_Counties.jpg/150px-Indiana_Counties.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indiana_Counties.jpg/200px-Indiana_Counties.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4579" data-file-height="6401" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="725" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Colonial_period" title="History of Indiana">1700–1799</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana#History" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Miami_(Indiana)" title="Fort Miami (Indiana)">Fort Miamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouiatenon" title="Ouiatenon">Ouiatenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#France" title="History of Indiana">French and Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Great_Britain" title="History of Indiana">British Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indiana_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Category:Indiana in the American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_campaign" title="Illinois campaign">Illinois campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_Grant" title="Clark's Grant">Clark's Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_Confederacy" title="Wabash Confederacy">Wabash Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Indian_War" title="Northwest Indian War">Northwest Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Fort" title="Petit Fort">Petit Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Indiana_Territory" title="History of Indiana">1800–1816</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indiana Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Trace_(road)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Trace (road)">Buffalo Trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vincennes" title="Treaty of Vincennes">Treaty of Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Appleseed" title="Johnny Appleseed">Johnny Appleseed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grouseland" title="Treaty of Grouseland">Treaty of Grouseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Rangers" title="Indiana Rangers">Indiana Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Indiana#Indiana_Territory" title="History of slavery in Indiana">Abolitionist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Harmony,_Indiana#History" title="New Harmony, Indiana">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Canal_Company" title="Indiana Canal Company">1st Indiana Canal Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana#Constitutional_Convention" title="Constitution of Indiana">Constitutional Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Statehood" title="History of Indiana">1817–1899</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Statehood" title="History of Indiana">Statehood</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polly_v._Lasselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Polly v. Lasselle">Polly v. Lasselle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bateman_Clark#Court_cases" title="Mary Bateman Clark">Mary Clark v. G.W. Johnston</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Mary%27s_(1818)" title="Treaty of St. Mary's (1818)">Treaty of St. Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_removals_in_Indiana" title="Indian removals in Indiana">Indian Removals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Creek_massacre" title="Fall Creek massacre">Fall Creek massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Indiana" title="Bank of Indiana">Bank of Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Canal_Company" title="Indiana Canal Company">2nd Indiana Canal Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_Canal" title="Whitewater Canal">Whitewater Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_and_Erie_Canal" title="Wabash and Erie Canal">Wabash and Erie Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Mammoth_Internal_Improvement_Act" title="Indiana Mammoth Internal Improvement Act">Public Works and Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad_in_Indiana" title="Underground Railroad in Indiana">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indiana_in_the_Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Category:Indiana in the Mexican–American War">Mexican-American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana#Constitution_of_1851" title="Constitution of Indiana">New Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indiana in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Post-Civil_War_era" title="History of Indiana">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company#History" title="Eli Lilly and Company">Eli Lilly & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno_Gang" title="Reno Gang">Reno Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_gas_boom" title="Indiana gas boom">Gas boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Day_of_the_Indiana_General_Assembly" title="Black Day of the Indiana General Assembly">Black Day of the General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_pi_bill" title="Indiana pi bill">Indiana pi bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Indiana_Literature" title="Golden Age of Indiana Literature">Golden Age of Literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Twentieth_century" title="History of Indiana">1900–1999</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_White_Caps" title="Indiana White Caps">White Caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood_Haynes" title="Elwood Haynes">Elwood Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway#History" title="Indianapolis Motor Speedway">Indianapolis Motor Speedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#World_War_I" title="History of Indiana">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_streetcar_strike_of_1913" title="Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913">Indianapolis strike and riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Woodfill" title="Samuel Woodfill">Samuel Woodfill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Klan" title="Indiana Klan">Indiana Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Twenties_and_the_Great_Depression" title="History of Indiana">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dillinger" title="John Dillinger">John Dillinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#World_War_II" title="History of Indiana">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Field_mutiny" title="Freeman Field mutiny">Freeman Field mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith" title="Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith">Shipp & Smith lynchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_flood_of_1937" title="Ohio River flood of 1937">Flood of 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Indiana_State_Fairgrounds_Coliseum_gas_explosion" title="1963 Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion">1963 Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiana#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Indiana">Supreme Court Reorganization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana#Modern_Indiana" title="History of Indiana">Since 2000</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2008_Midwest_floods" title="June 2008 Midwest floods">Flood of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Fair_stage_collapse" title="Indiana State Fair stage collapse">Indiana State Fair stage collapse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Indiana" title="Category:History of Indiana">By topic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway#History" title="Indianapolis Motor Speedway">Auto racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_fought_in_Indiana" title="List of battles fought in Indiana">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Disasters_in_Indiana" title="Category:Disasters in Indiana">Disasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indiana#History" title="Economy of Indiana">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indiana" title="Elections in Indiana">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_ghostlore" title="Indiana ghostlore">Ghostlore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_General_Assembly#History" title="Indiana General Assembly">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Indiana" title="List of governors of Indiana">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_sites_in_Indiana" title="Category:Historic sites in Indiana">Historic sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Indiana" title="Category:People from Indiana">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Indiana" title="Political party strength in Indiana">Historical political strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_Americans_in_Indiana" title="Category:Native Americans in Indiana">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Indiana" title="History of slavery in Indiana">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Indiana">By city and locale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana#History" title="Evansville, Indiana">Evansville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana#History" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana#History" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hartford_City,_Indiana" title="History of Hartford City, Indiana">Hartford City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indianapolis" title="History of Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana#History" title="Lafayette, Indiana">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lake_Wawasee" title="History of Lake Wawasee">Lake Wawasee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana#History" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana#History" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">Terre Haute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History of the Midwestern United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:Indiana" title="Portal:Indiana">Portal:Indiana</a></i><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indiana/History" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Indiana/History">WikiProject Indiana's History Department</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Adams" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Adams" title="Template:John Adams"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Adams" title="Template talk:John Adams"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Adams" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Adams"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Adams" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">2nd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1797–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom</a> (1785–1788)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_Netherlands" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands">U.S. Minister to the Netherlands</a> (1782–1788)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775–1778)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding of the<br />United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braintree_Instructions" title="Braintree Instructions">Braintree Instructions (1765)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre#Trials" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoughts_on_Government" title="Thoughts on Government"><i>Thoughts on Government</i> (1776)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution (seconded)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams#Independence" title="John Adams">Declaration of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence#May_15_preamble" title="United States Declaration of Independence">May 15 preamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Commerce_(France%E2%80%93United_States)" title="Treaty of Amity and Commerce (France–United States)">Treaty of Amity and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Treaty of Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_War" title="Board of War">Board of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy#Secretaries_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Continental Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_House" title="Conference House">Conference House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Constitution of Massachusetts (1780)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris, 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_of_John_Adams" title="Diplomacy of John Adams">Diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">United States presidential election 1788–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_Adams" title="Inauguration of John Adams">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi War with France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XYZ_Affair" title="XYZ Affair">XYZ Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">United States Department of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_further_to_protect_the_commerce_of_the_United_States" title="An Act further to protect the commerce of the United States">Commerce Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_1800" title="Convention of 1800">Convention of 1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Organic Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts" title="Alien and Sedition Acts">Alien and Sedition Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1798" title="Naturalization Act of 1798">Naturalization Act of 1798</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_relief_of_sick_and_disabled_seamen" title="An Act for the relief of sick and disabled seamen">Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Hospital_Service" title="Marine Hospital Service">Marine Hospital Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_Act_of_1800" title="Bankruptcy Act of 1800">Bankruptcy Act of 1800</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indiana Organic Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1800" title="Slave Trade Act of 1800">Slave Trade Act of 1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Organic_Act_of_1801" title="District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801">District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Department_Library" title="Navy Department Library">Navy Department Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tellico" title="Treaty of Tellico">Treaty of Tellico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tripoli" title="Treaty of Tripoli">Treaty of Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Judges_Act" title="Midnight Judges Act">Midnight Judges Act</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marbury_v._Madison" title="Marbury v. Madison">Marbury v. Madison</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1797_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1797 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address (1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1798_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1798 State of the Union Address">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1799_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1799 State of the Union Address">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1800 State of the Union Address">1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Thomas_Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson">Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams#Administration_and_cabinet" title="John Adams">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_Adams" title="List of federal judges appointed by John Adams">Federal judiciary appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Society#Collections" title="Massachusetts Historical Society">Massachusetts Historical Society holdings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Papers_Editorial_Project" title="Adams Papers Editorial Project">Adams Papers Editorial Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Defence_of_the_Constitutions_of_Government_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America">A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Mrs._Adams,_the_Wife_of_John_Adams" title="Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams">Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gray_v._Pitts" title="Gray v. Pitts">Gray v. Pitts</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams#Early_life_and_education" title="John Adams">Early life and education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park" title="Adams National Historical Park">Adams National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Birthplace" title="John Adams Birthplace">John Adams Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_Birthplace" title="John Quincy Adams Birthplace">Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacefield" title="Peacefield">Peacefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park#Stone_Library" title="Adams National Historical Park">Stone Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Massachusetts Hall (Harvard University)">Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">Presidents House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_First_Parish_Church" title="United First Parish Church">United First Parish Church and gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_John_Adams" title="Bibliography of John Adams">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_John_Adams" title="List of memorials to John Adams">List of memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Memorial" title="Adams Memorial">Adams Memorial</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">John Adams Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County_Courthouse" title="Suffolk County Courthouse">John Adams Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial#Exterior" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial pediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#John_Adams" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(painting)" title="Treaty of Paris (painting)">Treaty of Paris</a></i> (1783 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Adams_(1799)" title="USS Adams (1799)">USS <i>Adams</i></a> (1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_Adams_(1799)" title="USS John Adams (1799)">USS <i>John Adams</i></a> (1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Adams_(1874)" title="USS Adams (1874)">USS <i>Adams</i></a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_President_Adams_(APA-19)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS President Adams (APA-19)">USS <i>President Adams</i></a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_Adams_(SSBN-620)" title="USS John Adams (SSBN-620)">USS <i>John Adams</i></a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Adams House (Harvard College)">Adams House at Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Adams_(New_Hampshire)" title="Mount Adams (New Hampshire)">Mount Adams (New Hampshire,</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Adams_(Washington)" title="Mount Adams (Washington)">Washington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage_(TV_series)" title="Profiles in Courage (TV series)"><i>Profiles in Courage</i> (1964 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Primitive" title="American Primitive"><i>American Primitive</i> (1969 play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_(musical)" title="1776 (musical)"><i>1776</i> (1969 musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_(film)" title="1776 (film)">1972 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adams_Chronicles" title="The Adams Chronicles"><i>The Adams Chronicles</i> (1976 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty!" title="Liberty!"><i>Liberty!</i> (1997 documentary series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty%27s_Kids" title="Liberty's Kids"><i>Liberty's Kids</i> (2002 animated series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(book)" title="John Adams (book)"><i>John Adams</i> (2001 book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(miniseries)" title="John Adams (miniseries)">2008 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_and_Abigail_Adams" title="John and Abigail Adams"><i>John and Abigail Adams</i> (2006 documentary film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty_(miniseries)" title="Sons of Liberty (miniseries)"><i>Sons of Liberty</i> (2015 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Franklin (miniseries)"><i>Franklin</i> (2024 miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_and_Liberty" title="Adams and Liberty">"Adams and Liberty" campaign song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library#Overview" title="Boston Public Library">Adams' personal library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Party_System" title="First Party System">First Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republicanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gazette_of_the_United_States" title="Gazette of the United States">Gazette of the United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Museum_(magazine)" title="The American Museum (magazine)">The American Museum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adams_political_family" title="Adams political family">Adams political family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a> <ul><li>wife</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_political_family" title="Quincy political family">Quincy political family</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams_Smith" title="Abigail Adams Smith">Abigail Adams Smith</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> <ul><li>son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">presidency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Adams_(1770%E2%80%931800)" title="Charles Adams (1770–1800)">Charles Adams</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boylston_Adams_(1772%E2%80%931832)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Boylston Adams (1772–1832)">Thomas Boylston Adams</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Adams" title="George Washington Adams">George Washington Adams</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles Francis Adams Sr.</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_II" title="John Adams II">John Adams II</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_II" title="John Quincy Adams II">John Quincy Adams II</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Henry Adams</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Adams" title="Brooks Adams">Brooks Adams</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Sr." title="John Adams Sr.">John Adams Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Boylston" title="Susanna Boylston">Susanna Boylston</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a> (second cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Adams" title="Louisa Adams">Louisa Adams</a> (daughter-in-law, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of first ladies of the United States">first lady</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">← George Washington</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Thomas Jefferson →</li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" 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