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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_and_High_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_and_High_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early and High Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_and_High_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duchy_of_Savoy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duchy_of_Savoy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Duchy of Savoy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duchy_of_Savoy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Revolutionary_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>French Revolutionary Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Revolutionary_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annexation_to_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexation_to_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Annexation to France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annexation_to_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_regionalist_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_regionalist_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Modern regionalist politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_regionalist_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_historiographical_debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_historiographical_debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Modern historiographical debates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_historiographical_debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Savoy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoyen" title="Savoyen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Savoyen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7" title="منطقة سافوا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة سافوا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saboya" title="Saboya – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Saboya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savou%C3%A8" title="Savouè – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Savouè" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saboya_(rex%C3%B3n)" title="Saboya (rexón) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Saboya (rexón)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Савоя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Савоя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Савоя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Савоя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Савоя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Савоя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia" title="Savoia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Savoia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia_(regi%C3%B3)" title="Savoia (regió) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Savoia (regió)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savojsko" title="Savojsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Savojsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoyen" title="Savoyen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Savoyen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoyen" title="Savoyen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Savoyen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia" title="Savoia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Savoia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%90%CE%B1" title="Σαβοΐα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαβοΐα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saboya" title="Saboya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saboya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savojo" title="Savojo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Savojo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia_(eskualdea)" title="Savoia (eskualdea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Savoia (eskualdea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A2_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87)" title="ساووآ (منطقه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساووآ (منطقه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Savoie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSav%C3%A1%C3%AD" title="An tSaváí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSaváí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia_(rexi%C3%B3n)" title="Savoia (rexión) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Savoia (rexión)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%B6%80%EC%95%84" title="사부아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사부아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B5" title="Սավոյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սավոյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoja" title="Savoja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Savoja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia" title="Savoia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Savoia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoja" title="Savoja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Savoja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia_(regione_storica)" title="Savoia (regione storica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Savoia (regione storica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94" title="סבויה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סבויה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoja" title="Savoja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Savoja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Савоја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Савоја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Savoy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoye_(historische_regio)" title="Savoye (historische regio) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Savoye (historische regio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AF" title="サヴォワ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サヴォワ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Savoie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Savoie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sav%C3%B2ia" title="Savòia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Savòia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savwa" title="Savwa – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Savwa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabaudia" title="Sabaudia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sabaudia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saboia" title="Saboia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saboia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia" title="Savoia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Savoia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Савойя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Савойя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia" title="Savoia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Savoia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Savoie" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savojsko_(historick%C3%A9_%C3%BAzemie)" title="Savojsko (historické územie) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Savojsko (historické územie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoja" title="Savoja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Savoja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Савоја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Савоја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Savoie" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoiji" title="Savoiji – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Savoiji" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savojen" title="Savojen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Savojen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="ซาวอย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซาวอย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F_(%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Савоя (історичний регіон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Савоя (історичний регіон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cultural-historical region in west-central Europe, now part of France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the eponymous cultural-historical region. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Savoy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Savoy (disambiguation)">Savoy (disambiguation)</a>. For the two French departments in the same region, see <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Savoy</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span title="Arpitan-language text"><i lang="frp">Savouè</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>)</span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Savoie</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Savoia</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Savoie.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Savoy"><img alt="Flag of Savoy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Savoie.svg/125px-Flag_of_Savoie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Savoie.svg/188px-Flag_of_Savoie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Savoie.svg/250px-Flag_of_Savoie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Savoy">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_House_of_Savoy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Savoy"><img alt="Coat of arms of Savoy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Arms_of_the_House_of_Savoy.svg/85px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Savoy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Arms_of_the_House_of_Savoy.svg/128px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Savoy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Arms_of_the_House_of_Savoy.svg/170px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Savoy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="164" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> Le Chant des Allobroges<br /><i>The Song of the <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lage_von_Savoien_in_Europa_(Karte).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Savoy"><img alt="Location of Savoy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lage_von_Savoien_in_Europa_%28Karte%29.svg/250px-Lage_von_Savoien_in_Europa_%28Karte%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lage_von_Savoien_in_Europa_%28Karte%29.svg/375px-Lage_von_Savoien_in_Europa_%28Karte%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lage_von_Savoien_in_Europa_%28Karte%29.svg/500px-Lage_von_Savoien_in_Europa_%28Karte%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-provençal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoyard_dialect" title="Savoyard dialect">Savoyard dialect</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Savoyard (in common use nowadays)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Savoisian (used before annexation)</li> <li>Savoyan (historic; nowadays obsolete)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data">Sovereign Senate of Savoy <small>(dissolved in 1860)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Foundation of County </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1003</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Promotion to Duchy by <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Sigismund</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">February 19, 1416</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">Annexation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">June 14, 1860</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,416 km<sup>2</sup> (4,022 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,274,956</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data">33</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Savoy</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɔɪ/: 'oi' in 'choice'">ɔɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Savoie</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[savwa]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/ca\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Savoie.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Savoie.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Savoie.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Savoie.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Savoie.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-GrandCelinien-Savoie.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Savoie.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)<b> </b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a cultural-historical region in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Alps" title="Western Alps">Western Alps</a>. Situated on the cultural boundary between <a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, the area extends from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a> in the north to the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a> in the south and west and to the <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> in the east. </p><p>Savoy emerged as the <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a> ruled by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> during the 11th to 14th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original territory, also known as "ducal Savoy" or "Savoy proper", is largely co-terminous with the modern French <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a> <i>départements</i>, but the historical expansion of Savoyard territories, as the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a> (1416–1860) included parts of what is now western <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and southwestern <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. The current border between France and Italy is due to the <a href="/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res_Agreement" title="Plombières Agreement">Plombières Agreement</a> of 1858, which in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a> ceded western Savoy to France, while the eastern territories in <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> were retained by the House of Savoy, which was to become the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Italy">ruling dynasty of Italy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Saisies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Les_Saisies.jpg/220px-Les_Saisies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Les_Saisies.jpg/330px-Les_Saisies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Les_Saisies.jpg/440px-Les_Saisies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3455" data-file-height="2302" /></a><figcaption>Alpine landscape of <a href="/wiki/Les_Saisies" title="Les Saisies">Les Saisies</a>, as seen from <a href="/wiki/Mont_Bisanne" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Bisanne">Mont Bisanne</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern France, Savoy is part of the <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> region. Following its annexation to France in 1860, the territory of Savoy was divided administratively into two separate <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>. </p><p>The traditional capital remains <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ciamber%C3%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciamberì">Ciamberì</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: Camberia), on the rivers <a href="/wiki/Leysse" title="Leysse">Leysse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albane" class="mw-redirect" title="Albane">Albane</a>, hosting the <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a> of the House of Savoy and the Savoyard <a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">senate</a>. The state included six districts: </p> <ul><li>Savoie Propre, sometimes known as Ducal Savoy (capital Chambéry)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chablais" title="Chablais">Chablais</a> (capital <a href="/wiki/Thonon-les-Bains" title="Thonon-les-Bains">Thonon-les-Bains</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faucigny" title="Faucigny">Faucigny</a> (capital <a href="/wiki/Bonneville,_Haute-Savoie" title="Bonneville, Haute-Savoie">Bonneville</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%BBtiers" title="Moûtiers">Tarentaise</a> (capital <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%BBtiers,_Savoie" class="mw-redirect" title="Moûtiers, Savoie">Moûtiers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurienne" title="Maurienne">Maurienne</a> (capital <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevois_(province)" title="Genevois (province)">Genevois</a> (capital <a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a>)</li></ul> <p>The County and Duchy of Savoy incorporated <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> and other territories in <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, a region in northwestern Italy that borders Savoy, which were also possessions of the House of Savoy. The capital of the Duchy remained at the traditional Savoyard capital of <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> until 1563, when it was moved to Turin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Savoy" title="History of Savoy">History of Savoy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Koenigreich_Burgund_DE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Karte_Koenigreich_Burgund_DE.png/400px-Karte_Koenigreich_Burgund_DE.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Karte_Koenigreich_Burgund_DE.png/600px-Karte_Koenigreich_Burgund_DE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Karte_Koenigreich_Burgund_DE.png/800px-Karte_Koenigreich_Burgund_DE.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1529" /></a><figcaption>Sapaudia in 443 (dark green) in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Kingdom of Burgundy</a> (light green).</figcaption></figure> <p>The region was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gallic</a> people<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> subdued in 121 BC. The name <i>Savoy</i> stems from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sapaudia" title="Sapaudia">Sapaudia</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, referring to a <a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">fir</a>, or upland, forest.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word is likely ultimately from Gaulish – sapin itself is a blend of Gaulish <i>sappos</i> (fir tree) and Latin <i>pinus</i> (pine tree). It is first recorded in <a href="/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus" title="Ammianus Marcellinus">Ammianus Marcellinus</a> (354), to describe the southern part of <i><a href="/wiki/Sequani" title="Sequani">Maxima Sequanorum</a></i>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Chronica_Gallica_of_452" title="Chronica Gallica of 452"><i>Chronica Gallica</i> of 452</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a> were settled in the territory of Sapaudia in 443, after the Burgundian defeat by <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Aetius" title="Flavius Aetius">Flavius Aetius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_and_High_Middle_Ages">Early and High Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early and High Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1494.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/220px-Italy_1494.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/330px-Italy_1494.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/440px-Italy_1494.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3481" data-file-height="4167" /></a><figcaption>Duchy of Savoy (red) and other Italian states in 1494.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 8th century, the territory that would later become known as Savoy was part of <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>, and at the division of Francia at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> in 843, it became part of the short-lived kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a>. After only 12 years, at the death of <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> in 855, Middle Francia was divided into <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> north of the Alps, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy south of the Alps</a>, and the parts of Burgundy in the Western Alps, inherited by <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Provence" title="Charles of Provence">Charles of Provence</a>. This latter territory comprised what would become known as Savoy and <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>. For a short time, this province fell to the Arabs. </p><p>From the 10th to 14th century, parts of what would ultimately become Savoy remained within the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy-Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles">Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles</a>. Beginning in the 11th century, the gradual rise to power of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> is reflected in the increasing territory of their <a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a> between 1003 and 1416. </p><p>The County of Savoy was detached <i>de jure</i> from the Kingdom of Arles by <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a> in 1361. It acquired the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a> in 1388, and in 1401 added the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Geneva" title="County of Geneva">County of Geneva</a>, the area of <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> except for the city proper, which was ruled by its <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">prince-bishop</a>, nominally under the duke's rule: the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Lausanne,_Geneva_and_Fribourg" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg">bishops of Geneva</a>, by unspoken agreement, came from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> until 1533.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duchy_of_Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Duchy of Savoy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Savoy2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Savoy2.png/320px-Savoy2.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Savoy2.png/480px-Savoy2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Savoy2.png/640px-Savoy2.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Map of Savoy in the 16th century. White lines are modern borders</figcaption></figure> <p>On 19 February 1416 <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, made the County of Savoy an independent <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">duchy</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VIII_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus VIII of Savoy">Amadeus VIII</a> as the first duke. Straddling the Alps, Savoy lay within two competing spheres of influence, a French sphere and a North Italian one. At the time of the Renaissance, Savoy showed only modest development.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas_42-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its towns were few and small.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas_42-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savoy derived its subsistence from agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas_42-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The geographic location of Savoy was also of military importance.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas_42-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">interminable wars</a> between France and Spain over the control of northern Italy, Savoy was important to France because it provided access to Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas_42-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savoy was important to Spain because it served as a buffer between France and the Spanish held lands in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas_42-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1563 <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emmanuel Philibert</a> moved the capital from <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> to <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, which was less vulnerable to French interference.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> was annexed by <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">Bern</a> in 1536, and Savoy officially ceded Vaud to Bern in the Treaty of Lausanne of 30 October 1564. </p><p>In 1714, as a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, Savoy was technically subsumed into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, then (after that island was traded to <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>) the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> from 1720. While the heads of the House of Savoy were known as the Kings of Sardinia, Turin remained their capital. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Revolutionary_Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: French Revolutionary Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1796.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/220px-Italy_1796.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/330px-Italy_1796.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Italy_1796.svg/440px-Italy_1796.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>Map of Savoy in the 18th century and other Italian states in 1796.</figcaption></figure> <p>Savoy was occupied by <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French revolutionary forces</a> between 1792 and 1815. The entire region was first created to form the département of <a href="/wiki/Mont-Blanc_(department)" title="Mont-Blanc (department)">Mont-Blanc</a>. In 1798, it was then divided between the departments of Mont-Blanc and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9man_(department)" title="Léman (department)">Léman</a> (French name of Lake Geneva).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1801, Savoy officially left the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 September 1793 the combined forces of Savoy, Piedmont and <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> fought against and lost to the occupying French forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%A9ribel" title="Battle of Méribel">Battle of Méribel</a> (Sallanches). </p><p>Two-thirds of Savoy was restored to the Kingdom of Sardinia in the First Restoration of 1814 following Napoleon's abdication; approximately one-third of Savoy, including the two most important cities of Chambéry and Annecy, remained in France. Following Napoleon's brief return to power during the Hundred Days and subsequent defeat at Waterloo, the remaining one-third of Savoy was restored to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> to strengthen Sardinia as a buffer state on France's southeastern border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annexation_to_France">Annexation to France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Annexation to France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Savoy" title="Annexation of Savoy">Annexation of Savoy</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a> first attempted to annex Savoy in 1848. A corps of 1,500 was dispatched from Lyon and invaded Savoy on 3 April, occupying Chambéry (capital city) and proclaiming the annexation to France. On learning about the invasion countrymen rushed to Chambéry. The corps were chased away by the local population. Five Frenchmen were killed and 800 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 July 1858 in <a href="/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res-les-Bains" title="Plombières-les-Bains">Plombières-les-Bains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>, the prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a>, met in secret with <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> to secure French military support against the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> during the conflicts associated with the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a>. During the discussion, Cavour promised that Sardinia would cede the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a> and Duchy of Savoy to the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a>. Though this was a secret arrangement, it quickly became widely known.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The treaty annexing Nice and Savoy to France was signed in Turin on 24 March 1860 (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turin_(1860)" title="Treaty of Turin (1860)">Treaty of Turin</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the northern provinces of the Chablais and Faucigny, there was some support for annexation to neighboring Switzerland, with which the northern provinces had longstanding economic ties. To help reduce the attractiveness of Switzerland, the French government conceded a Free-Trade Zone that maintained the longstanding duty-free relationship of northern Savoyard communes to Geneva. After the treaty was already signed, a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">plebiscite</a> was held on 22–23 April. Employing universal male suffrage, voters in the ceded provinces were offered the option of voting "Yes" to approve the treaty and join <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> or voting "No" and rejecting the treaty. Voters were not permitted the options of either joining <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, remaining with <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, or regaining its independence, were the source of some opposition. With a 99.8% vote in favour of joining France, there were allegations of <a href="/wiki/Vote-rigging" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote-rigging">vote-rigging</a>, notably by the British government, which opposed continental expansion by its traditional French enemy. The correspondent of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> in Savoy who was in <a href="/wiki/Bonneville,_Haute-Savoie" title="Bonneville, Haute-Savoie">Bonneville</a> on 22 April called the vote "the lowest and most immoral farce(s) which was ever played in the history of nations".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He finished his letter with those words: </p><blockquote><p> I leave you to draw your own conclusions from this trip, which will show clearly what the vote was in this part of Savoy. The vote was the bitterest irony ever made on popular suffrage. The ballot-box in the hands of those very authorities who issued the proclamations; no control possible; even travellers suspected and dogged lest they should pry into the matter; all opposition put down by intimidation, and all liberty of action completely taken away. One can really scarcely reproach the Opposition with having given up the game; there was too great force used against them. As for the result of the vote, therefore, no one need trouble himself about it; it will be just as brilliant as that in Nice. The only danger is lest the Savoy authorities in their zeal should fare as some of the French did in the vote of 1852, finding to their surprise rather more votes than voters inscribed on the list. </p></blockquote><p> In his letter to the ambassador of Vienna Lord Augustus Loftus, the then–<a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs">Foreign Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a>, said, "Voting in Savoy and Nice a farce ... we are neither entertained or edified".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annexation was promulgated on 14 June 1860. On 23 August 1860 and 7 March 1861, two agreements were signed between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia to settle the remaining issues concerning the annexation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was part of a secret agreement (<a href="/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res_Agreement" title="Plombières Agreement">the Plombières Agreement</a>) brokered between the French emperor <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> and the Count <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Camillo of Cavour</a> (Prime Minister of Sardinia at that time) that allowed the final steps in the process of <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">unification of Italy</a>. Victor Emmanuel's dynasty, the House of Savoy, retained its Italian lands of <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> and became the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Italy">ruling dynasty of Italy</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rattachement_de_la_Savoie_%C3%A0_la_France_1860_(tableau).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="People of Chambéry with French flags celebrating the annexation in 1860."><img alt="People of Chambéry with French flags celebrating the annexation in 1860." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rattachement_de_la_Savoie_%C3%A0_la_France_1860_%28tableau%29.JPG/200px-Rattachement_de_la_Savoie_%C3%A0_la_France_1860_%28tableau%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rattachement_de_la_Savoie_%C3%A0_la_France_1860_%28tableau%29.JPG/300px-Rattachement_de_la_Savoie_%C3%A0_la_France_1860_%28tableau%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rattachement_de_la_Savoie_%C3%A0_la_France_1860_%28tableau%29.JPG/400px-Rattachement_de_la_Savoie_%C3%A0_la_France_1860_%28tableau%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3887" data-file-height="2738" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">People of <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> with <a href="/wiki/French_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="French flag">French flags</a> celebrating the annexation in 1860.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1843.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Savoy in the 19th century and other Italian states in 1843."><img alt="Map of Savoy in the 19th century and other Italian states in 1843." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Italy_1843.svg/167px-Italy_1843.svg.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Italy_1843.svg/250px-Italy_1843.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Italy_1843.svg/333px-Italy_1843.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Savoy in the 19th century and other Italian states in 1843.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italia_1843-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="French annexation in 1860 (black) after the signing of the Treaty of Turin and a regional referendum in favor of the attachment to France (French)"><img alt="French annexation in 1860 (black) after the signing of the Treaty of Turin and a regional referendum in favor of the attachment to France (French)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Italia_1843-fr.svg/167px-Italia_1843-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Italia_1843-fr.svg/250px-Italia_1843-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Italia_1843-fr.svg/333px-Italia_1843-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French annexation in 1860 (black) after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turin_(1860)" title="Treaty of Turin (1860)">Treaty of Turin</a> and a regional <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> in favor of the attachment to France (French)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teauChamb%C3%A9ry1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Château de Chambéry, seat of government, was given a grand new façade following annexation"><img alt="The Château de Chambéry, seat of government, was given a grand new façade following annexation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ch%C3%A2teauChamb%C3%A9ry1.JPG/200px-Ch%C3%A2teauChamb%C3%A9ry1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ch%C3%A2teauChamb%C3%A9ry1.JPG/300px-Ch%C3%A2teauChamb%C3%A9ry1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ch%C3%A2teauChamb%C3%A9ry1.JPG/400px-Ch%C3%A2teauChamb%C3%A9ry1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Château de Chambéry, seat of government, was given a grand new façade following annexation</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_century">20th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1919, contrary to the annexation treaty, France officially ended the military neutrality of the parts of the country of Savoy that had originally been agreed to at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, and also eliminated the <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade zone">free trade zone</a> – both treaty articles having been broken unofficially in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. France was condemned in 1932 by the international court for noncompliance with the measures of the Treaty of Turin regarding the provinces of Savoy and Nice.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, the term <i>annexation</i> having acquired negative connotations in France, particularly after Germany's 1871 annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, the annexation was renamed <i>Rattachement de la Savoie à la France</i> (Incorporation of Savoy to France).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the latter term which was used by the French authorities during the festivities celebrating the 100th anniversary of the annexation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daniel Rops of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">French Academy</a> justified the new title with these words: </p> <blockquote><p>Savoy has begun to solemnize the feasts in 1960, commemorating the centenary of its incorporation (<i>rattachement</i>) to France. It is on purpose that the word incorporation (<i>rattachement</i>) is highlighted here: the Savoyards attach great value to it, and it is the only one they have resolved to use in the official terminology of the Centenary. In that, they are infinitely right. Yesterday another term that was used: annexation. Looking at it more closely it was wrong! Can we say annexation when we talk about a decision which was approved by 130,889 voters over 135,449? [...]. Savoy was not annexed [...] but actually incorporated freely and by the will of its inhabitants.</p></blockquote> <p>A former French deputy, P. Taponnier, spoke of the annexation:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <blockquote><p>In late March 1860, the betrothal ceremony of Savoy to France took place in Tuileries Palace [...], a ceremony which was a pact of love and fidelity [...] it is with free consent that she [Savoy] gave itself to France by a solemn plebiscite of which our leaders can ignore neither the terms nor the commitments. [...] May the bells of our cities [...] in Savoy vibrate in unison to glorify, in this magnificent Centenary, the indefectible commitment of Savoy to France. The Savoyards did not feel Italian. Besides, they spoke French. This explains why in 1858–1859 when rumours ran of the Plombières secret agreement, where Napoleon III and Cavour decided of the fate of Savoy, the Savoyards themselves took the initiative to ask for the incorporation (<i>rattachement</i>). [...] Incorporation, not annexation [...] The incorporation was an act of free will, in the logical order of geography and history [...].</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_regionalist_politics">Modern regionalist politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern regionalist politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the mid-20th century, regionalist movements have appeared in Savoy much as in other historic provinces of France. The <i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9gion_Savoie" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Région Savoie">Mouvement Région Savoie</a></i> (Savoy Regional Movement) was founded in December 1971 as a 'movement' (rather than a traditional political party) in favour of regional autonomy. Unlike other historic provinces, including <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, Savoy does not currently have its own <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> within France and is part of the <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> region. In the 1996 local elections, the Savoy Regional Movement received 19,434 votes; it received 4,849 in the 1998 regional elections. A new non-party organisation, <i>La Région Savoie, j’y crois !</i> (<i>I believe in the Savoy Region!</i>), was founded in 1998. The organisation campaigns for the replacement of the Savoie and Haute-Savoie departments with a regional government, separate from the <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions in France">region</a>, with greater <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolved powers</a>. </p><p>A very marginal <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> movement has also appeared in Savoy within the past twenty years, most prominently represented by the <i><a href="/wiki/Ligue_Savoisienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligue Savoisienne">Ligue Savoisienne</a></i>, founded in 1994. In the March 1998 regional elections, 1 seat (out of 23) was won by Patrice Abeille, leader of the Ligue, which won a total of 17,865 votes across the two departments. In 2004, <i>Waiting for Freedom in Savoy</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was founded to promote the peaceful separatist cause to young people. </p><p>According to surveys conducted in 2000, between 41% and 55% of the population were in favour of the proposal for a separate Savoy region. Towards the end of 2005, <a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Gaymard" title="Hervé Gaymard">Hervé Gaymard</a> called for Savoie to be given special status, similar to a French region, under his proposed "Conseil des Pays de Savoie".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_historiographical_debates">Modern historiographical debates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Modern historiographical debates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent years,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2014)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> sparked by the tiny Savoyard separatist movement, much attention has been focused on questioning the validity of the 1860 annexation. The Ligue Savoisienne, for example, rejects the Treaty of Turin and subsequent plebiscite as null and void, arguing that the plebiscite did not meet the standards of a free and fair vote. Today, historians generally acknowledge that the plebiscite of 1860 did feature irregularities, but they also affirm that the annexation instrument was the Treaty of Turin and not the plebiscite, whose main purpose was to demonstrate favorable public opinion in Savoy for the annexation after the signature of the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview for the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Dauphin%C3%A9_Lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Dauphiné Libéré">Le Dauphiné Libéré</a></i>, Sylvain Milbach, a historian at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Savoy">University of Savoy</a>, qualifies the vote as Napoleonic, but also argues that a completely free and fair vote would not have dramatically changed the outcome, as the majority of Savoyards wished to become French.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is today the official stance of the <a href="/wiki/Departements_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Departements of France">General Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Savoyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Savoyards">Italian Savoyards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_separatist_movements_in_Europe#France" title="List of active separatist movements in Europe">List of active separatist movements in Europe § France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoy States">Savoy States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice-Mollard_Plaza" title="Maurice-Mollard Plaza">Maurice-Mollard Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Savoie" title="Tourism in Savoie">Tourism in Savoie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>: <i lang="frp">Savouè</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="frp-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">[saˈvwɛ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Savoia</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[saˈvɔ.ja]</a></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The territory, which has no modern counterpart, was perhaps bounded by the rivers Ain and Rhône, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, the Jura and the Aar, though historians differ, and there seems to be insufficient evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Modern French <i>sapin</i>; <i>sapinière</i> signifies "fir forest".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sapaudia Burgundionum reliquiis datur cum indigenis dividenda.</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the career of the last prince-bishop <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_La_Baume" title="Pierre de La Baume">Pierre de La Baume</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The word <i>rattachement</i> (incorporation) was preferred to <i>réunion</i> which could be reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss#Legacy" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack D. Street. "The Independence of Savoy and the Autonomy of the Valle d'Aosta", <i>The French Review</i>, Vol 71, No 3, Feb. 1998, pp 396–404 <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/398970">398970</a> accessed 4 Oct 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225151204/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/savoy">"Savoy on www.oxforddictionaries.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/savoy?q=savoy">the original</a> on 2018-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Savoy+on+www.oxforddictionaries.com.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fsavoy%3Fq%3Dsavoy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/romancesavoyvic00unkngoog?ref=ol#page/n11/mode/2up"><i>The Romance of the House of Savoy</i> (Vol.1)</a>. Weil, Alethea. Putnam, New York (1898), Intro. p.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Savoy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Savoy">"Savoy" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Savoy&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman H. Baynes, reviewing A. Coville, <i>Recherches sur l'Histoire de Lyon du Ve au IXe Siècle (450–800)</i> in <i>The English Historical Review</i> <b>45</b> No. 179 (July 1930:470 474) p 471.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Mommsen, <i>Chronica Minora</i> II:660, 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucas_42-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_42_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry S. Lucas, <i>The Renaissance and the Reformation</i> (Harper & Bros. Publishers: New York, 1960) p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Katz, <i>The Fall of the House of Savoy</i> (The MacMillan Company: New York, 1971) p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1999/12/11/le-nom-des-departements_3595298_1819218.html">"<i>Le nom des départements</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>. 11 December 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730015408/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1999/12/11/le-nom-des-departements_3595298_1819218.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+nom+des+d%C3%A9partements&rft.date=1999-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1999%2F12%2F11%2Fle-nom-des-departements_3595298_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich#Reichsgebiet_und_Bevölkerung" class="extiw" title="de:Heiliges Römisches Reich">Heiliges Römisches Reich</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Rapport, <i>1848: Year of Revolution</i> (Basic Books, 2010), 115–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">John Russell, 1st Earl Russell</a>, address to the House of Common, July 5, 1861,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1861/jul/05/question-2">HC Deb 05 July 1861 vol 164 cc436-61</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313044610/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1861/jul/05/question-2">Archived</a> 13 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/traites/1860turin.htm">"Traité de Turin, Signé à Turin le 24 mars 1860 entre la France et la Sardaigne"</a>. mjp.univ-perp.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193623/http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/traites/1860turin.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trait%C3%A9+de+Turin%2C+Sign%C3%A9+%C3%A0+Turin+le+24+mars+1860+entre+la+France+et+la+Sardaigne.&rft.pub=mjp.univ-perp.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmjp.univ-perp.fr%2Ftraites%2F1860turin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.timesonline.co.uk/tol/archive/">The Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006085756/http://archive.timesonline.co.uk/tol/archive">Archived</a> 2008-10-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, April 28, 1860, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.regionleman.com/post/annexion-rattachement-reunion-annexation-savoie-savoy-150-ans-anniversaire">Universal Suffrage In Savoy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100920233804/http://blog.regionleman.com/post/annexion-rattachement-reunion-annexation-savoie-savoy-150-ans-anniversaire">Archived</a> 2010-09-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PRO 30/22/98 Austria. Vol 1. Legation (from Nov. 1860) embassy in Vienna. Private correspondence (drafts). Lord John (earl from 1861) Russell, foreign secretary to Hon. Julian Fane, legation later embassy secretary; Lord Augustus Loftus, envoy; Lord Bloomfield, ambassador. Document conserved at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/">The National Archives</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010031337/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/">Archived</a> 2010-10-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cngDAAAAQAAJ"><i>Convention entre la France et la Sardaigne destinée à régler diverses questions auxquelles a donné lieu la réunion de la Savoie et de l'arrondissement de Nice à la France; signée a Paris le 23 août 1860. G.Fr.de Martens, Nouveau Recueil Général de Traités et autre actes relatifs aux rapports de droit international, t. XVII, p.460 (pdf)</i></a>. Oxford University. 1843. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529131401/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Nouveau_recueil_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_de_trait%C3%A9s_co/cngDAAAAQAAJ?hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convention+entre+la+France+et+la+Sardaigne+destin%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+r%C3%A9gler+diverses+questions+auxquelles+a+donn%C3%A9+lieu+la+r%C3%A9union+de+la+Savoie+et+de+l%27arrondissement+de+Nice+%C3%A0+la+France%3B+sign%C3%A9e+a+Paris+le+23+ao%C3%BBt+1860.+G.Fr.de+Martens%2C+Nouveau+Recueil+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+Trait%C3%A9s+et+autre+actes+relatifs+aux+rapports+de+droit+international%2C+t.+XVII%2C+p.460+%28pdf%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1843&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcngDAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cngDAAAAQAAJ"><i>Convention de délimitation entre la France et la Sardaigne, conclue a Turin le 7 mars 1861. G.Fr.de Martens, Nouveau Recueil Général de Traités et autre actes relatifs aux rapports de droit international, t. XVII, p.406 (pdf)</i></a>. Oxford University. 1843. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507202028/https://books.google.com/books?id=cngDAAAAQAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convention+de+d%C3%A9limitation+entre+la+France+et+la+Sardaigne%2C+conclue+a+Turin+le+7+mars+1861.+G.Fr.de+Martens%2C+Nouveau+Recueil+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+Trait%C3%A9s+et+autre+actes+relatifs+aux+rapports+de+droit+international%2C+t.+XVII%2C+p.406+%28pdf%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1843&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcngDAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8XYtAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA1"><i>La vérité sur la zone franche de la Haute-Savoie, F.Murullaz. Bulletin de l'académie chablaisienne 1915–1916 Séance du 8 Novembre 1915</i></a>. Oxford University. 1815. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507202029/https://books.google.com/books?id=8XYtAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA1">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9+sur+la+zone+franche+de+la+Haute-Savoie%2C+F.Murullaz.+Bulletin+de+l%27acad%C3%A9mie+chablaisienne+1915%E2%80%931916+S%C3%A9ance+du+8+Novembre+1915.&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1815&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8XYtAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc-iep.univ-lyon2.fr/Ressources/Documents/Etudiants/Memoires/MFE2001/lacharmea/these.html">La Savoie au miroir du Centenaire de son Rattachement à la France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134512/http://doc-iep.univ-lyon2.fr/Ressources/Documents/Etudiants/Memoires/MFE2001/lacharmea/these.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lacharme Amandine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wffis.org/">"Waiting for Freedom in Savoy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060830221134/http://www.wffis.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waiting+for+Freedom+in+Savoy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wffis.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regionsavoie.com/fichiers/CDP_du_031105.pdf">Région Savoie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070316085457/http://www.regionsavoie.com/fichiers/CDP_du_031105.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savoie.fr/archives73/expo_annexion/pano_5_/thumb.html">1860, La Savoie de l'Annexion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231623/http://www.savoie.fr/archives73/expo_annexion/pano_5_/thumb.html">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Archives Départementales de la Savoie</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ledauphine.com/savoie-francaise-sylvain-milbach-le-oui-etait-acquis--@/index.jspz?article=122676">Savoie Française: Sylvain Milbach: "Le 'oui' était acquis"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424095425/http://www.ledauphine.com/savoie-francaise-sylvain-milbach-le-oui-etait-acquis--@/index.jspz?article=122676">Archived</a> 2009-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Savoy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Savoy">Savoy</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=nora;cc=nora;q1=savoy;rgn=full%20text;idno=nora0117-2;didno=nora0117-2;view=image;seq=364;page=root;size=s;frm=frameset;">Universal Suffrage under Napoleon III by Adams, Charles Kendall</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regionsavoie.fr">Savoy Region Movement</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://notre.savoie.free.fr/">Ligue Savoisienne</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friesian.com/lorraine.htm">Francia Media: a territorial and genealogical disambiguation of Lorraine and Burgundy, with a section on Savoy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/savoyannexation/">The History of the Annexation of Savoy and Nice to France according to the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the others</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Savoyard_flag.svg/22px-Savoyard_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Savoyard_flag.svg/33px-Savoyard_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Savoyard_flag.svg/44px-Savoyard_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Sardinia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Arms_of_Sardinia.svg/20px-Arms_of_Sardinia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Arms_of_Sardinia.svg/30px-Arms_of_Sardinia.svg.png 1.5x, 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/></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Aosta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Aosta.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Aosta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Aosta.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Aosta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Aosta.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Aosta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="447" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aosta" title="Duchy of Aosta">Duchy of Aosta</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Thessalonica.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Arms_of_the_Prince_of_Piedmont.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Prince_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Arms_of_the_Prince_of_Piedmont.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_Prince_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="164" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Piedmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Piedmont">Principality of Piedmont</a> <br /></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oneglia-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Oneglia-Stemma.svg/19px-Oneglia-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Oneglia-Stemma.svg/29px-Oneglia-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Oneglia-Stemma.svg/38px-Oneglia-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Oneglia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principality of Oneglia (page does not exist)">Principality of Oneglia</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_house_of_Del_Vasto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arms_of_the_house_of_Del_Vasto.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Del_Vasto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arms_of_the_house_of_Del_Vasto.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Del_Vasto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arms_of_the_house_of_Del_Vasto.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Del_Vasto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="354" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Saluzzo" title="Marquisate of Saluzzo">Marquisate of Saluzzo</a> <br /></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Nice.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Arms_of_Nice.svg/20px-Arms_of_Nice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Arms_of_Nice.svg/30px-Arms_of_Nice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Arms_of_Nice.svg/40px-Arms_of_Nice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1815-1831).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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people">Ogoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia" title="Oromia">Oromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basters" title="Basters">Rehoboth Basters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland" title="Western Togoland">Western Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambesia" title="Zambesia">Zambesia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UNPO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UNPO.svg/100px-UNPO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UNPO.svg/150px-UNPO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UNPO.svg/200px-UNPO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" 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<li><a href="/wiki/Khuzestani_Arabs" title="Khuzestani Arabs">Khuzestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madheshi_people" title="Madheshi people">Madhesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagalim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagalim">Nagalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Southern Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_South_Maluku" title="Republic of South Maluku">South Moluccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Southern Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_province" title="Sistan and Baluchestan province">West Balochistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezghin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_West_Papua" title="Republic of West Papua">West Papuans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14118#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14118#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14118#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/235911166">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/172331909">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhX9M6jj8VwCrHX8xwV4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4051850-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933188q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933188q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Savojsko"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130750&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007558351505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027247740">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006641">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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