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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Objectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Logo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy 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id="toc-Mergers_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_trade_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_trade_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Free trade agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_trade_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics and governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supreme_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Supreme Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministerial_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministerial_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ministerial Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministerial_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretariat_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretariat_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Secretariat General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretariat_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monetary_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monetary_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Monetary Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monetary_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patent_Office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patent_Office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Patent Office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patent_Office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peninsula_Shield_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peninsula_Shield_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Peninsula Shield Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peninsula_Shield_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GCC_Standardization_Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GCC_Standardization_Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>GCC Standardization Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GCC_Standardization_Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gulf_Organization_for_Industrial_Consulting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gulf_Organization_for_Industrial_Consulting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gulf_Organization_for_Industrial_Consulting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretaries-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretaries-General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Secretaries-General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretaries-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Member states</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Member_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Member states subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Member_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Associated_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Associated members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associated_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football,_futsal_and_beach_soccer_competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football,_futsal_and_beach_soccer_competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Football, futsal and beach soccer competitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football,_futsal_and_beach_soccer_competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_Qatar–Saudi_diplomatic_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_Qatar–Saudi_diplomatic_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>2014 Qatar–Saudi diplomatic conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_Qatar–Saudi_diplomatic_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_Qatar_diplomatic_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_Qatar_diplomatic_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GCC_and_US-GCC_Summit_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GCC_and_US-GCC_Summit_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>GCC and US-GCC Summit meetings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-GCC_and_US-GCC_Summit_meetings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle GCC and US-GCC Summit meetings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-GCC_and_US-GCC_Summit_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2022_US-GCC_Summit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_US-GCC_Summit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>2022 US-GCC Summit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_US-GCC_Summit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GCC_and_Central_Asia-GCC_Summit_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GCC_and_Central_Asia-GCC_Summit_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>GCC and Central Asia-GCC Summit meetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GCC_and_Central_Asia-GCC_Summit_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GCC_and_ASEAN-GCC_Summit_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GCC_and_ASEAN-GCC_Summit_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>GCC and ASEAN-GCC Summit meetings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-GCC_and_ASEAN-GCC_Summit_meetings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle GCC and ASEAN-GCC Summit meetings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-GCC_and_ASEAN-GCC_Summit_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-GCC—Pakistan_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GCC—Pakistan_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>GCC—Pakistan relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GCC—Pakistan_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GCC_and_EU_Summit_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GCC_and_EU_Summit_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>GCC and EU Summit meetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GCC_and_EU_Summit_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Related states</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related states subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordan_and_Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordan_and_Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Jordan and Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordan_and_Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Yemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Related organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gulf Cooperation Council</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseyu_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_pa_los_Estaos_%C3%81rabes_del_Golfu" title="Conseyu de Cooperación pa los Estaos Árabes del Golfu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conseyu de Cooperación pa los Estaos Árabes del Golfu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rf%C9%99z_%C6%8Fm%C9%99kda%C5%9Fl%C4%B1q_%C5%9Euras%C4%B1" title="Körfəz Əməkdaşlıq Şurası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Körfəz Əməkdaşlıq Şurası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B_%D2%93%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%85%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Фарсы ҡултығы ғәрәп дәүләттәренең хеҙмәттәшлек советы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фарсы ҡултығы ғәрәп дәүләттәренең хеҙмәттәшлек советы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goif-Kooperationsrod" title="Goif-Kooperationsrod – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Goif-Kooperationsrod" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consell_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3_per_als_Estats_%C3%80rabs_del_Golf" title="Consell de Cooperació per als Estats Àrabs del Golf – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consell de Cooperació per als Estats Àrabs del Golf" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada_pro_spolupr%C3%A1ci_arabsk%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_v_Z%C3%A1livu" title="Rada pro spolupráci arabských států v Zálivu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rada pro spolupráci arabských států v Zálivu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfstaternes_samarbejdsr%C3%A5d" title="Golfstaternes samarbejdsråd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Golfstaternes samarbejdsråd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf-Kooperationsrat" title="Golf-Kooperationsrat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Golf-Kooperationsrat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4rsia_lahe_Araabia_riikide_koost%C3%B6%C3%B6n%C3%B5ukogu" title="Pärsia lahe Araabia riikide koostöönõukogu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pärsia lahe Araabia riikide koostöönõukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Συμβούλιο Συνεργασίας του Κόλπου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συμβούλιο Συνεργασίας του Κόλπου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_para_los_Estados_%C3%81rabes_del_Golfo" title="Consejo de Cooperación para los Estados Árabes del Golfo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consejo de Cooperación para los Estados Árabes del Golfo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfa_Koopera_Konsilo" title="Golfa Koopera Konsilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Golfa Koopera Konsilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkoko_Arabiar_Estatuen_Kooperazio_Kontseilua" title="Golkoko Arabiar Estatuen Kooperazio Kontseilua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Golkoko Arabiar Estatuen Kooperazio Kontseilua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="شورای همکاری خلیج فارس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورای همکاری خلیج فارس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_de_coop%C3%A9ration_du_Golfe" title="Conseil de coopération du Golfe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conseil de coopération du Golfe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consello_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_do_Golfo" title="Consello de Cooperación do Golfo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Consello de Cooperación do Golfo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B8%ED%94%84_%ED%98%91%EB%A0%A5_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98" title="걸프 협력 회의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="걸프 협력 회의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%81_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Պարսից ծոցի համագործակցության խորհուրդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարսից ծոցի համագործակցության խորհուրդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6" title="खाड़ी सहयोग परिषद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खाड़ी सहयोग परिषद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Kerjasama_untuk_Negara_Arab_di_Teluk" title="Dewan Kerjasama untuk Negara Arab di Teluk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewan Kerjasama untuk Negara Arab di Teluk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persafl%C3%B3asamstarfsr%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Persaflóasamstarfsráðið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Persaflóasamstarfsráðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiglio_di_cooperazione_del_Golfo" title="Consiglio di cooperazione del Golfo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consiglio di cooperazione del Golfo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A3_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="מועצת שיתוף הפעולה של מדינות המפרץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מועצת שיתוף הפעולה של מדינות המפרץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D" title="სპარსეთის ყურის არაბული ქვეყნების თანამშრომლობის საბჭო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპარსეთის ყურის არაბული ქვეყნების თანამშრომლობის საბჭო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Парсы шығанағы араб мемлекеттерінің әріптестік кеңесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Парсы шығанағы араб мемлекеттерінің әріптестік кеңесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB%C4%8Da_ar%C4%81bu_valstu_sadarb%C4%ABbas_padome" title="Līča arābu valstu sadarbības padome – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Līča arābu valstu sadarbības padome" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persijos_%C4%AFlankos_arab%C5%B3_%C5%A1ali%C5%B3_bendradarbiavimo_taryba" title="Persijos įlankos arabų šalių bendradarbiavimo taryba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Persijos įlankos arabų šalių bendradarbiavimo taryba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCC" title="GCC – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="GCC" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96b%C3%B6l_Menti_Egy%C3%BCttm%C5%B1k%C3%B6d%C3%A9si_Tan%C3%A1cs" title="Öböl Menti Együttműködési Tanács – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Öböl Menti Együttműködési Tanács" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%97%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="ഗൾഫ് സഹകരണ കൗൺസിൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗൾഫ് സഹകരണ കൗൺസിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="عربی خلیج کایری شورا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عربی خلیج کایری شورا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majlis_Kerjasama_Negara-negara_Arab_Teluk" title="Majlis Kerjasama Negara-negara Arab Teluk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Majlis Kerjasama Negara-negara Arab Teluk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7_%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE" title="ပင်လယ်ကွေ့ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ရေး ကောင်စီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပင်လယ်ကွေ့ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ရေး ကောင်စီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samenwerkingsraad_van_de_Arabische_Golfstaten" title="Samenwerkingsraad van de Arabische Golfstaten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Samenwerkingsraad van de Arabische Golfstaten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="खाडी सहयोग परिषद् – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खाडी सहयोग परिषद्" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%BE%E5%B2%B8%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="湾岸協力会議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="湾岸協力会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfr%C3%A5det" title="Golfrådet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Golfrådet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A6" title="ਖਾੜੀ ਦੇ ਅਰਬ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਹਿਕਾਰਤਾ ਪ੍ਰੀਸ਼ਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਾੜੀ ਦੇ ਅਰਬ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਹਿਕਾਰਤਾ ਪ੍ਰੀਸ਼ਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="مجلس تعاون برائے خلیجی عرب ملکاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مجلس تعاون برائے خلیجی عرب ملکاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada_Wsp%C3%B3%C5%82pracy_Zatoki_Perskiej" title="Rada Współpracy Zatoki Perskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rada Współpracy Zatoki Perskiej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conselho_de_Coopera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Golfo" title="Conselho de Cooperação do Golfo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conselho de Cooperação do Golfo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiliul_de_Cooperare_al_Golfului" title="Consiliul de Cooperare al Golfului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consiliul de Cooperare al Golfului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Совет сотрудничества арабских государств Персидского залива – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Совет сотрудничества арабских государств Персидского залива" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gulf Cooperation Council" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ئەنجومەنی ھاریکاری وڵاتانی کەنداو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنجومەنی ھاریکاری وڵاتانی کەنداو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savet_za_saradnju_arapskih_dr%C5%BEava_zaliva" title="Savet za saradnju arapskih država zaliva – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Savet za saradnju arapskih država zaliva" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianlahden_arabimaiden_yhteisty%C3%B6neuvosto" title="Persianlahden arabimaiden yhteistyöneuvosto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Persianlahden arabimaiden yhteistyöneuvosto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfstaternas_samarbetsr%C3%A5d" title="Gulfstaternas samarbetsråd – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gulfstaternas samarbetsråd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsehong_pangkooperasyon_para_sa_mga_golpong_estadong_arabo" title="Konsehong pangkooperasyon para sa mga golpong estadong arabo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konsehong pangkooperasyon para sa mga golpong estadong arabo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF" title="గల్ఫ్ సహకార మండలి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గల్ఫ్ సహకార మండలి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rfez_Arap_%C3%9Clkeleri_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi_Konseyi" title="Körfez Arap Ülkeleri İşbirliği Konseyi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Körfez Arap Ülkeleri İşbirliği Konseyi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Рада співробітництва арабських держав Перської затоки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рада співробітництва арабських держав Перської затоки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9" title="مجلس تعاون برائے خلیجی عرب ممالک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مجلس تعاون برائے خلیجی عرب ممالک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_H%E1%BB%A3p_t%C3%A1c_V%C3%B9ng_V%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Hội đồng Hợp tác Vùng Vịnh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội đồng Hợp tác Vùng Vịnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Regional trade bloc in the Middle East</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مجلس التعاون لدول الخلیج العربية</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Gulf Cooperation Council"><img alt="Flag of Gulf Cooperation Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></div> <div>Flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_GCC.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of Gulf Cooperation Council"><img alt="Logo of Gulf Cooperation Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem_GCC.svg/85px-Emblem_GCC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem_GCC.svg/128px-Emblem_GCC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem_GCC.svg/170px-Emblem_GCC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></div> <div>Logo</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulf_Cooperation_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating GCC members"><img alt="Map indicating GCC members" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Gulf_Cooperation_Council.svg/250px-Gulf_Cooperation_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Gulf_Cooperation_Council.svg/375px-Gulf_Cooperation_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Gulf_Cooperation_Council.svg/500px-Gulf_Cooperation_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="664" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map indicating GCC members</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, Saudi Arabia</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">Trade bloc</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><span data-sort-value="Bahrain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></span></li><li><span data-sort-value="Kuwait"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></span></li><li><span data-sort-value="Oman"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></span></li><li><span data-sort-value="Qatar"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></span></li><li><span data-sort-value="Saudi Arabia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></span></li><li><span data-sort-value="United Arab Emirates"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap">Secretary general</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasem_Mohamed_Albudaiwi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi (page does not exist)">Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Supreme Council presidency </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><sup id="cite_ref-gulfnews_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfnews-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Establishment</th><td class="infobox-data">25 May 1981<span class="noprint">; 43 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1981-05-25</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,673,108 km<sup>2</sup> (1,032,093 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.6</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">59,620,000<sup id="cite_ref-Sum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">25th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22.3/km<sup>2</sup> (57.8/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2021 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$3.655 trillion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">9th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$71,200 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">10th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2021 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$2.250 trillion<sup id="cite_ref-Sum_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$34,300<sup id="cite_ref-Sum_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">35th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2012)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28.7<br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">low inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.860<br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">40th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>6 currencies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parentheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Parentheses">parentheses</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="nowrap">(BHD)  <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Dinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini Dinar">Bahraini Dinar</a></span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> (AED)  <a href="/wiki/Emirati_Dirham" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirati Dirham">Emirati Dirham</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> (KWD)  <a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Dinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwaiti Dinar">Kuwaiti Dinar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> (OMR)  <a href="/wiki/Omani_Rial" class="mw-redirect" title="Omani Rial">Omani Rial</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> (QAR)  <a href="/wiki/Qatari_Riyal" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatari Riyal">Qatari Riyal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> (SAR)  <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Riyal" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Riyal">Saudi Riyal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+3</a> to <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:00" title="UTC+04:00">UTC+4</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gcc-sg.org/en-us/Pages/default.aspx">gcc-sg<wbr />.org<wbr />/en-us<wbr />/Pages<wbr />/default<wbr />.aspx</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217172#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مجلس التعاون لدول الخلیج العربية</span>), also known as the <b>Gulf Cooperation Council</b> (<b>GCC</b>; Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مجلس التعاون الخليجي</span>), is a <a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">regional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental</a>, political, and <a href="/wiki/Economic_union" title="Economic union">economic union</a> comprising <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council's main headquarters is located in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, the capital of Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-Riyadh_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riyadh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Charter of the GCC was signed on 25 May 1981, formally establishing the institution.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All current member states are <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchies</a>, including three <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchies</a> (Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute monarchies">absolute monarchies</a> (Saudi Arabia and Oman), and one <a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">federal monarchy</a> (the United Arab Emirates, which is composed of seven member states, each of which is an absolute monarchy with its own <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a>). There have been discussions regarding the future membership of <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yemen_to_join_GCC_by_2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yemen_to_join_GCC_by_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> in 2012, Saudi Arabia proposed to transform the GCC into a "Gulf Union" with tighter economic, political and military coordination, a move considered to be intended to counterbalance <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> influence in the region,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however objections were raised by other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Bahraini prime minister <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Salman_Al_Khalifa" title="Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa">Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa</a> said that current events in the region highlighted the importance of the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Shield_Force" title="Peninsula Shield Force">Peninsula Shield Force</a> is the military arm of the GCC, formed in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding">Founding</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jaber_Al-Ahmad_Al-Sabah" title="Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah">Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah</a> of Kuwait, alongside the support of <a href="/wiki/Zayed_bin_Sultan_Al_Nahyan" title="Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan">Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan</a> of the UAE, played a crucial role in fostering the idea of closer cooperation among the Arab states of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, laying the groundwork for the formation of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The members' shared vision for regional unity, security, and economic integration led to the official establishment of the GCC in 1981, strengthening the collective power and influence of the Gulf countries.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The charter was signed in Arabic in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 21 Rajab 1401 on the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a> (corresponding to 25 May 1981 on the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>). </p><p>The signatory states on the founding document are the only current members of the GCC. </p><p>An economic agreement between the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council was signed on 11 November 1981 in Abu Dhabi, UAE. These countries are often referred to as "the GCC states".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Objectives">Objectives</h3></div> <p>In 2001, the GCC Supreme Council set the following goals: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">Customs union</a> in January 2003.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Common market">Common market</a> by 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Common currency">Common currency</a> by 2010<sup id="cite_ref-GCC_Monetary_Union_–_IIE_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCC_Monetary_Union_–_IIE-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Regional_Monetary_Integration_–_ECB_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regional_Monetary_Integration_–_ECB-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GCC_Monetary_Union_–_IMF_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCC_Monetary_Union_–_IMF-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Oman announced in December 2006 that it would not be able to meet the 2010 target date for a common currency. Following the announcement that the central bank for the monetary union would be located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, rather than in the <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a>, they announced their withdrawal from the monetary union project in May 2009. The name <a href="/wiki/Khaleeji_(currency)" title="Khaleeji (currency)">Khaleeji</a> has been proposed as a name for this currency. If realized, the GCC monetary union would be the second-largest supranational monetary union in the world, measured by the GDP of the common-currency area.<sup id="cite_ref-Regional_Monetary_Integration_–_ECB_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regional_Monetary_Integration_–_ECB-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other stated objectives include: </p> <ul><li>Formulating similar regulations in various fields such as religion, finance, trade, customs, tourism, legislation, and administration.</li> <li>Fostering scientific and technical progress in industry, mining, agriculture, water, and animal resources.</li> <li>Establishing scientific research centers.</li> <li>Setting up joint ventures.</li> <li>Unified military (Peninsula Shield Force).</li> <li>Encouraging cooperation of the private sector.</li> <li>Strengthening ties between their people.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm/220px--President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="364" data-mwtitle="President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm/President_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Obama_and_King_Salman_Deliver_Statements_to_the_Press.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>, CIA Director <a href="/wiki/John_O._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Brennan">Brennan</a>, and King <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman of Saudi Arabia</a> at the GCC–US Summit in Riyadh on 21 April 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The area has some of the fastest-growing economies in the world, mostly due to a boom in <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> revenues coupled with a building and investment boom backed by decades of saved <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> revenues. In an effort to build a tax base and economic foundation before the reserves run out, the UAE's investment arms, including Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, retain over US$900 billion in assets. Other regional funds have several hundreds of billions of dollars of assets under management.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region is an emerging hotspot for events, including the <a href="/wiki/2006_Asian_Games" title="2006 Asian Games">2006 Asian Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>. Doha also submitted an unsuccessful application for the <a href="/wiki/Doha_bid_for_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Doha bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a>. Qatar would later host the <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA World Cup">2022 FIFA World Cup</a>. </p><p>Recovery plans have been criticized for <a href="/wiki/Crowding_out_(economics)" title="Crowding out (economics)">crowding out</a> the private sector, failing to set clear priorities for growth, failing to restore weak consumer and investor confidence, and undermining long-term stability.<sup id="cite_ref-saif14may_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saif14may-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logo">Logo</h3></div> <p>The logo of the GCC consists of two concentric circles. On the upper part of the larger circle, the phrase <a href="/wiki/Basmala" title="Basmala">Bismillah</a> - "in the name of God" - is written in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, and on the lower part of the circle is written the council's full name. The inner-circle contains an embossed hexagonal shape representing the six countries. The inside of the hexagon shows a map encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, on which the areas of the member countries are colored in brown, borderless. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rail_transport_map_of_Saudi_Arabia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Rail_transport_map_of_Saudi_Arabia.png/220px-Rail_transport_map_of_Saudi_Arabia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Rail_transport_map_of_Saudi_Arabia.png/330px-Rail_transport_map_of_Saudi_Arabia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Rail_transport_map_of_Saudi_Arabia.png/440px-Rail_transport_map_of_Saudi_Arabia.png 2x" data-file-width="1977" data-file-height="1614" /></a><figcaption>Rail transport map of Saudi Arabia. The <a href="/wiki/GCC_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="GCC Railway">GCC Railway</a>, a proposed railway system to connect all six GCC member states, can be seen in yellow.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_market">Internal market</h3></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Common_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Common market">common market</a> was launched on 1 January 2008, easing movement of goods and services, with plans to create a fully integrated <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">single market</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Implementation later lagged behind, after the 2009 financial crisis. The creation of a customs union began in 2003, and was completed and fully operational by 1 January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2015, the common market was also further integrated, covering full equality among GCC citizens to work in government and private sectors, the ability to access social insurance and retirement coverage, real estate ownership rights, capital movement, and access to education, health and other social services, in all member states. However, some barriers remained in the free movement of goods and services.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coordination of taxation systems, accounting standards and civil legislation is currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> in progress. The interoperability of professional qualifications, insurance certificates and identity documents is also underway.<sup id="cite_ref-market_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-market-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monetary_union">Monetary union</h3></div> <p>In 2014, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia took major steps to ensure the creation of a single currency. Kuwait's finance minister said the four members are pushing ahead with the monetary union but said some "technical points" need to be cleared. He added, "A common market and common central bank would also position the GCC as one entity that would have great influence on the international financial system". The implementation of a single currency and the creation of a central bank is overseen by the Monetary Council.<sup id="cite_ref-currency_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-currency-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is currently a degree to which a nominal GCC single currency already exists. Businesses trade using a basket of GCC currencies, just as before the Euro was introduced, the <a href="/wiki/European_Currency_Unit" title="European Currency Unit">European Currency Unit</a> (ECU) had been used as a nominal medium of exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-market_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-market-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans to introduce a single currency had been drawn up as far back as 2009, however due to the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a> and political differences, the UAE and Oman withdrew their membership.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mergers_and_acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</h3></div> <p>Companies and investors from GCC countries are active in <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">mergers and acquisitions</a>. Since 1999, more than 5,200 transactions with a known value of US$573 billion had been announced. <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investors include a number of <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth funds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3></div> <p>The GCC launched common economic projects to promote and facilitate integration and to increase resilency. The GCC Interconnection Grid connects the power grids of member states. In 2009, it initiated operations and by 2013, all six members were connected.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A water interconnection project has been discussed but, as of January 2023, there have been no notable developments.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other leading aviation regions like the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, members have not agreed to an open skies policy. As such, GCC airlines do not have unlimited market access rights to member states and compete to capture international air traffic flows.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GCC has also launched major rail projects to connect the peninsula. The railways are expected to fuel intra-regional trade while helping reduce fuel consumption. Over US$200 billion will be invested to develop about 40,000 kilometres (25,000 mi) of rail network across the GCC, according to Oman's Minister of Transport and Communications.<sup id="cite_ref-rail_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rail-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ramiz Al Assar, Resident World Bank advisor for the GCC, it will link the six member states as a regional transport corridor, further integrating with the national railway projects, deepening economic social and political integration, and it is developed from a sustainable perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-rail_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rail-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The project, estimated to be worth $15.5 billion, was scheduled to be completed by 2021. As of May 2022, railway construction UAE and Saudi Arabia have progressed significantly, but other members' efforts have lagged.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Railways_Organization" title="Saudi Railways Organization">Saudi Arabian Railways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etihad_Rail" title="Etihad Rail">Etihad Rail</a>, and their respective national governments have invested 15 billion dollars as of early 2015 into railway infrastructure to create rail networks for transporting freight, connecting cities, and reducing transport times.<sup id="cite_ref-rail_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rail-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the banking industry of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), diversity is increasingly recognized as a strategic asset that goes beyond mere corporate social responsibility. This shift towards embracing a diverse workforce is driven by the recognition that varied perspectives and experiences spur innovation, improve decision-making, and expand market reach in the fast-paced world of finance, increasing market share and profitability.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Free_trade_agreements">Free trade agreements</h2></div> <p>The Gulf Cooperation Council has <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreements</a> with the following countries: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nation (s) </th> <th>No of nations <br />represented </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Signed </th> <th>Effective </th> <th>Coverage </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>EFTA–Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Agreement </td> <td>22 June 2009 </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>Goods & Services </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Gulf Cooperation Council–Singapore Free Trade Agreement </td> <td>15 December 2008 </td> <td>1 September 2013 </td> <td>Goods & Services </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Signed</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (Signed 28 December 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Concluded</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (Concluded 31 October 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Negotiations</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (Since July 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (Since July 2004)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (Since 1990)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (Resumed July 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (Since March 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (Since June 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Gulf Cooperation Council–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Gulf Cooperation Council–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_governance">Politics and governance</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Council">Supreme Council</h3></div> <p>The GCC Supreme Council is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">heads of state</a> of the member states.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the highest decision-making entity of the GCC, setting its vision and goals. Decisions on important issues require unanimous approval, while issues on procedural matters require a majority. Each member state has one vote.<sup id="cite_ref-GCCwebsite_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCCwebsite-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presidency rotates based on the Arabic alphabetical order of the names of the member states.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministerial_Council">Ministerial Council</h3></div> <p>The Ministerial Council is composed of the Foreign Ministers of all the member states. It convenes every three months. It formulates policies, and makes recommendations to promote cooperation and achieve coordination among the member states, when implementing ongoing projects. Decisions are submitted in the form of recommendations, which the Supreme Council can approve. The Ministerial Council is also responsible for preparations of meetings of the Supreme Council and its agenda. The voting procedure in the Ministerial Council is the same as in the Supreme Council.<sup id="cite_ref-GCCwebsite_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCCwebsite-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretariat_General">Secretariat General</h3></div> <p>The Secretariat is the executive arm of the Gulf Cooperation Council. It takes decisions within its authority, and implements decisions approved by the Supreme or Ministerial Council. The Secretariat also compiles studies relating to cooperation, coordination, and planning for common actions, and occasionally releases reports regarding the work done by the GCC as a whole, and the implementation of its own decisions. The current Secretary-General is Nayef Falah Mubarak Al Hajraf, and his deputies include Abdulaziz Al Auwaishig and Khalifa Alfadhel.<sup id="cite_ref-GCCwebsite_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCCwebsite-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monetary_Council">Monetary Council</h3></div> <p>On 15 December 2009, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia announced the creation of a Monetary Council, to introduce a <a href="/wiki/Single_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Single currency">single currency</a> for the union. The board of the council, which set a timetable and action plan for establishing a central bank and chose a <a href="/wiki/Exchange-rate_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange-rate regime">currency regime</a>, met for the first time on 30 March 2010. Kuwaiti <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kuwait)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kuwait)">foreign minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Sabah_Al-Salem_Al-Sabah" title="Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah">Mohammad Sabah Al-Sabah</a> said on 8 December 2009 that a single currency may take up to ten years to establish. Oman and the UAE later announced their withdrawal from the proposed currency.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, major moves were taken to ensure the launch of a single currency. Kuwait's finance minister stated that a currency should be implemented without delay. Negotiations with the UAE and Oman to expand the monetary union were renewed.<sup id="cite_ref-currency_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-currency-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patent_Office">Patent Office</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GCC_Patent_Office" title="GCC Patent Office">GCC Patent Office</a></div> <p>The GCC Patent Office was approved in 1992, and established soon after in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applications are filed and prosecuted in the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a> before it and grants patents valid in all GCC member states, but is a separate office from the Saudi Arabian Patent Office. The first GCC patent was granted in 2002. As of 2013, it employed about 30 <a href="/wiki/Patent_examiner" title="Patent examiner">patent examiners</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peninsula_Shield_Force">Peninsula Shield Force</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Shield_Force" title="Peninsula Shield Force">Peninsula Shield Force</a></div> <p>Amidst the <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_uprising_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini uprising (2011–present)">Bahraini uprising</a>, Saudi Arabia and the UAE sent ground troops to Bahrain in order to protect vital infrastructure such as the airport and highway system.<sup id="cite_ref-kw_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kw-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kuwait and Oman refrained from sending troops.<sup id="cite_ref-kw_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kw-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Kuwait sent a <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">navy</a> unit.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The secretary-general of the GCC strongly endorsed the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">use of international force in Libya</a>. GCC member states joined coalition efforts to enforce the no-fly zone.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2014, GCC members Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, UAE and Qatar, and pending member Jordan commenced air operations against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL) in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saudi Arabia and the UAE, however, are among the states that oppose the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> in Syria, whereas Qatar has historically supported it. They also pledged other support including operating training facilities for Syrian rebels, in Saudi Arabia,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and allowing the use of their airbases by other countries fighting ISIL. Some GCC countries also send some troops to fight the opposition government in Yemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GCC_Standardization_Organization">GCC Standardization Organization</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GCC_Standardization_Organization" title="GCC Standardization Organization">GCC Standardization Organization</a></div> <p>The GCC Standardization Organization is the standardization organization of the GCC. Yemen is also a member of the GCC Standardization Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gulf_Organization_for_Industrial_Consulting">Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Organization_for_Industrial_Consulting" title="Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting">Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting</a> (GOIC) was founded in 1976 by the six GCC member states; Yemen joined the organization in 2009. It is headquartered at Doha, Qatar. The organization chart of GOIC includes the board members and the General Secretariat. The Board is formed by member state representatives appointed by their governments.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretaries-General">Secretaries-General</h2></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Tenure </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdullah_Yaccoub_Bishara,_Kuwait_UN_Ambassador_United_Nations,_New_York_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Abdullah_Yaccoub_Bishara%2C_Kuwait_UN_Ambassador_United_Nations%2C_New_York_%28cropped%29.jpg/50px-Abdullah_Yaccoub_Bishara%2C_Kuwait_UN_Ambassador_United_Nations%2C_New_York_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Abdullah_Yaccoub_Bishara%2C_Kuwait_UN_Ambassador_United_Nations%2C_New_York_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Abdullah_Yaccoub_Bishara%2C_Kuwait_UN_Ambassador_United_Nations%2C_New_York_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Abdullah_Yaccoub_Bishara%2C_Kuwait_UN_Ambassador_United_Nations%2C_New_York_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Abdullah_Yaccoub_Bishara%2C_Kuwait_UN_Ambassador_United_Nations%2C_New_York_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="1818" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Bishara" title="Abdullah Bishara">Abdullah Bishara</a><sup id="cite_ref-rulers_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rulers-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>26 May 1981 – April 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fahim_bin_Sultan_Al_Qasimi" title="Fahim bin Sultan Al Qasimi">Fahim bin Sultan Al Qasimi</a><sup id="cite_ref-ecssr_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecssr-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td>April 1993 – April 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamil_Ibrahim_Hejailan" title="Jamil Ibrahim Hejailan">Jamil Ibrahim Hejailan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Peck2010_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peck2010-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>April 1996 – 31 March 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdul_Rahman_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abdul_Rahman_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah.jpg/50px-Abdul_Rahman_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abdul_Rahman_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah.jpg/75px-Abdul_Rahman_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Abdul_Rahman_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah.jpg/100px-Abdul_Rahman_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="634" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_bin_Hamad_Al_Attiyah" title="Abdul Rahman bin Hamad Al Attiyah">Abdul Rahman bin Hamad Al Attiyah</a><sup id="cite_ref-gnews29nov_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnews29nov-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">1 April 2002 – 31 March 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Abdullatif_bin_Rashid_Al_Zaani_%26_Cornel_Feruta_(01117855)_(48747904168)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Abdullatif_bin_Rashid_Al_Zaani_%26_Cornel_Feruta_%2801117855%29_%2848747904168%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/50px-Dr_Abdullatif_bin_Rashid_Al_Zaani_%26_Cornel_Feruta_%2801117855%29_%2848747904168%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Abdullatif_bin_Rashid_Al_Zaani_%26_Cornel_Feruta_%2801117855%29_%2848747904168%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Dr_Abdullatif_bin_Rashid_Al_Zaani_%26_Cornel_Feruta_%2801117855%29_%2848747904168%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dr_Abdullatif_bin_Rashid_Al_Zaani_%26_Cornel_Feruta_%2801117855%29_%2848747904168%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Dr_Abdullatif_bin_Rashid_Al_Zaani_%26_Cornel_Feruta_%2801117855%29_%2848747904168%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="1027" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullatif_bin_Rashid_Al_Zayani" title="Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani">Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td>1 April 2011 – 31 January 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nayef_Falah_Mubarak_Al_Hajraf_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Nayef_Falah_Mubarak_Al_Hajraf_%28cropped%29.jpg/50px-Nayef_Falah_Mubarak_Al_Hajraf_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Nayef_Falah_Mubarak_Al_Hajraf_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Nayef_Falah_Mubarak_Al_Hajraf_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Nayef_Falah_Mubarak_Al_Hajraf_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Nayef_Falah_Mubarak_Al_Hajraf_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1842" data-file-height="2470" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayef_Falah_Mubarak_Al_Hajraf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nayef Falah Mubarak Al Hajraf (page does not exist)">Nayef Falah Mubarak Al Hajraf</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>1 February 2020 – present </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_states">Member states</h2></div> <p>There are six <a href="/wiki/Member_state" title="Member state">member states</a> of the union: </p> <div style="overflow:auto"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Country </th> <th rowspan="2">Population (2023, United Nations)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">GDP (nominal)</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">GDP (PPP)</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">HDI</a><sup id="cite_ref-Technical_notes_2020_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Technical_notes_2020-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>(USD million) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">Per capita</a> ($) </th> <th>(Int$ million) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">Per capita</a> (Int$) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td>1,485,010 </td> <td>786.5 </td> <td>44,870 </td> <td>28,385 </td> <td>95,784 </td> <td>60,596 </td> <td>0.875 (<span style="color:#006000;">very high</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td>4,644,384 </td> <td>309,500 </td> <td>104,902 </td> <td>21,960 </td> <td>201,531 </td> <td>42,188 </td> <td>0.816 (<span style="color:#006000;">very high</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td>2,716,391 </td> <td>11,581 </td> <td>219,570 </td> <td>83,891 </td> <td>326,731 </td> <td>124,834 </td> <td>0.855 (<span style="color:#006000;">very high</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></span> </td> <td>36,947,025 </td> <td>2,149,690 </td> <td>1,061,902 </td> <td>29,922 </td> <td>2,300,967 </td> <td>64,836 </td> <td>0.875 (<span style="color:#006000;">very high</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td>9,516,871 </td> <td>83,600 </td> <td>498,978 </td> <td>49,451 </td> <td>890,171 </td> <td>88,221 </td> <td>0.911 (<span style="color:#006000;">very high</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>4,310,108 </td> <td>17,818 </td> <td>164,713 </td> <td>33,646 </td> <td>259,640 </td> <td>53,037 </td> <td>0.831 (<span style="color:#006000;">very high</span>) </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associated_members">Associated members</h3></div> <p>The associate membership of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in certain GCC-related institutions was cancelled after the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">invasion of Kuwait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> was in negotiations for GCC membership in 2007, and hoped to join by 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yemen is already a member of the GCC Standardization Authority, the Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting (GOIC),<sup id="cite_ref-:2_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the GCC Auditing and Accounting Authority, the Gulf Radio and TV Authority, the GCC Council of Health Ministers, the GCC Education and Training Bureau, the GCC Council of Labour & and Social Affairs Ministers, and The <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cup_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Cup of Nations">Gulf Cup Football Tournament</a>. The Council issued directives that all the necessary legal measures be taken, so that Yemen would have the same rights and obligations of GCC member states in those institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GCC_Games" title="GCC Games">GCC Games</a></div> <p>The union has served as a grouping for sports co-operation and competition. The GCC states have an annual meeting of the Youth and Sports Ministers of each state to boost youth and sports initiatives in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The promotion of the hosting of international sports events has also served an economic purpose for the union's countries, leading to investment and development in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GCC Games, a quadrennial <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport event</a>, was established by the union and first held in <a href="/wiki/2011_GCC_Games" title="2011 GCC Games">2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are numerous long-running GCC Championships for individual sports, including: the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Athletics_Championships" title="Gulf Cooperation Council Athletics Championships">Gulf Cooperation Council Athletics Championships</a> (first held in 1986; <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Youth_Athletics_Championships" title="Gulf Cooperation Council Youth Athletics Championships">youth section</a> from 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sailing,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> basketball,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> swimming,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tennis,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gymnastics (senior and youth levels),<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weightlifting,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> futsal,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> snooker,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and table tennis.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Athletics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="GCC Athletics Championships">GCC Athletics Championships</a></li> <li>GCC Swimming Championships</li> <li>GCC Gymnastics Championships</li> <li>GCC Shooting Championships</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cup_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Cup of Nations">GCC Football Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Futsal_Cup" title="GCC Futsal Cup">GCC Futsal Championships</a></li> <li>GCC Basketball Championships</li> <li>GCC Handball Championships</li> <li>GCC Volleyball Championships</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Ice_Hockey_Championship" title="Gulf Ice Hockey Championship">GCC Ice Hockey Championships</a></li> <li>GCC Badminton Championships</li> <li>GCC Table Tennis Championships</li> <li>GCC Tennis Championships</li> <li>GCC Sailing Championships</li> <li>GCC Rowing Championships</li> <li>GCC Chess Championships</li> <li>GCC Billiards and Snooker Championships</li> <li>GCC Bowling Championships</li> <li>GCC Judo Championships Since 1998</li> <li>GCC Karate Championships</li> <li>GCC Taekwondo Championships</li> <li>GCC Weightlifting Championships</li></ol> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football,_futsal_and_beach_soccer_competitions"><span id="Football.2C_futsal_and_beach_soccer_competitions"></span>Football, futsal and beach soccer competitions</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Competition </th> <td width="1%" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#ffffff;"> </td> <th>Year </th> <th>Champions </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Runners-up </th> <td width="1%" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#ffffff;"> </td> <th>Next edition </th> <th>Dates </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9">Men's national teams </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_U-23_Championship" title="GCC U-23 Championship">GCC U-23 Championship</a> </td> <td width="1%" rowspan="7" style="background-color:#ffffff;"> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_national_under-23_football_team" title="Saudi Arabia national under-23 football team">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>4th </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman_national_under-23_football_team" title="Oman national under-23 football team">Oman</a> </td> <td width="1%" rowspan="7" style="background-color:#ffffff;"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_U-19_Championship" title="GCC U-19 Championship">GCC U-19 Championship</a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_national_under-19_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia national under-19 football team">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman_national_under-19_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Oman national under-19 football team">Oman</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_U-17_Championship" title="GCC U-17 Championship">GCC U-17 Championship</a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_national_under-17_football_team" title="Saudi Arabia national under-17 football team">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>5th </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman_national_under-17_football_team" title="Oman national under-17 football team">Oman</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_Games" title="GCC Games">GCC Games Football</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_national_football_team" title="Saudi Arabia national football team">Saudi Arabia</a></span> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_national_football_team" title="Bahrain national football team">Bahrain</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_Games" title="GCC Games">GCC Games Futsal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_GCC_Games" title="2022 GCC Games">2022</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_national_futsal_team" title="Kuwait national futsal team">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_national_futsal_team" title="Saudi Arabia national futsal team">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_Games#GCC_Beach_Games" title="GCC Games">GCC Games Beach Socer</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman_national_beach_soccer_team" title="Oman national beach soccer team">Oman</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_national_beach_soccer_team" title="United Arab Emirates national beach soccer team">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_Games#GCC_Youth_Games" title="GCC Games">GCC Youth Games</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_national_under-17_football_team" title="United Arab Emirates national under-17 football team">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman_national_under-17_football_team" title="Oman national under-17 football team">Oman</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9">Women's national teams </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GCC_Games" title="GCC Games">GCC Games Futsal</a> </td> <td width="1%" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#ffffff;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_GCC_Games" title="2022 GCC Games">2022</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_women%27s_national_futsal_team" title="Bahrain women's national futsal team">Bahrain</a> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_women%27s_national_futsal_team" title="Kuwait women's national futsal team">Kuwait</a> </td> <td width="1%" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#ffffff;"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2014_Qatar–Saudi_diplomatic_conflict"><span id="2014_Qatar.E2.80.93Saudi_diplomatic_conflict"></span>2014 Qatar–Saudi diplomatic conflict</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia relations">Qatar–Saudi Arabia relations</a></div> <p>Qatar's support for the Muslim Brotherhood across the Middle East-North Africa (<a href="/wiki/MENA" class="mw-redirect" title="MENA">MENA</a>) region, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and radical Islamists in Libya, has led to increasing tensions with other <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tensions came to a head during a March 2014 meeting of the GCC, after which the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain recalled their ambassadors to Qatar.<sup id="cite_ref-nytqatar140305a_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytqatar140305a-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Financial_economist" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial economist">financial economists</a> have interpreted the 2014 Saudi–Qatari rift as a tangible political sign of a growing economic rivalry between oil and natural gas producers, which could "have deep and long-lasting consequences" beyond MENA.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2017_Qatar_diplomatic_crisis">2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis</h2></div> <p>On 5 June 2017, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Egypt had officially cut diplomatic ties with Qatar.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saudi Arabia said it took the decision to cut diplomatic ties due to Qatar's "embrace of various terrorist and sectarian groups aimed at destabilising the region", including the Muslim Brotherhood, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>, ISIL and Iran-supported groups in Saudi Arabia's eastern province of <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political researcher Islam Hassan viewed this rift as a continuation of Qatar's foreign policy rivalry with Saudi Arabia and the UAE.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2017, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain put a ban on Qataris and their businesses. Qataris were not allowed to enter or live in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, or Bahrain, unless they had a spouse living there, in which case they were required to carry a visa in order to enter these countries. <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Airways" title="Qatar Airways">Qatar Airways</a> aircraft were not allowed to fly over these countries. Saudi Arabia stated that they would turn its land border with Qatar into a canal, known as the <a href="/wiki/Salwa_Canal" title="Salwa Canal">Salwa Canal</a>, in 2018. The plan was abandoned in 2019.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 4 January 2021, Kuwait National TV announced that Saudi Arabia would restore all diplomatic ties with Qatar, reopen air space to Qatari aircraft and reopen the Qatar–Saudi land border.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Later that evening, it was announced that Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt agreed to restore ties with Qatar. On 4 January 2021, it was made official at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ula_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ula summit (page does not exist)">Al-Ula summit</a>, where the blockading countries, along with Qatar, signed an official agreement and ended the rift after three years and seven months.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GCC_and_US-GCC_Summit_meetings">GCC and US-GCC Summit meetings</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg/220px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg/330px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg/440px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Foreign_Ministers_of_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Member_States_-_53689212351.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3876" data-file-height="2280" /></a><figcaption>US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> and foreign ministers of the GCC member states in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 19 April 2024</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Held in </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Summit_1993" title="Gulf Summit 1993">1</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_US-GCC_Summit">2022 US-GCC Summit</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Joint_Statement_Following_the_Summit_of_the_Leaders_of_the_United_States_and_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_(GCC)_Countries_(2022)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Joint Statement Following the Summit of the Leaders of the United States and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries (2022)">Joint Statement Following the Summit of the Leaders of the United States and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries (2022)</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GCC_and_Central_Asia-GCC_Summit_meetings">GCC and Central Asia-GCC Summit meetings</h2></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Held in </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Asia-GCC_Summit_2023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Asia-GCC Summit 2023 (page does not exist)">1</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Asia-GCC_Summit_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Asia-GCC Summit 2024 (page does not exist)">2</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GCC_and_ASEAN-GCC_Summit_meetings">GCC and ASEAN-GCC Summit meetings</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN-GCC_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASEAN-GCC Summit (page does not exist)">ASEAN-GCC Summit</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Held in </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN-GCC_Summit_2023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASEAN-GCC Summit 2023 (page does not exist)">1</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GCC—Pakistan_relations"><span id="GCC.E2.80.94Pakistan_relations"></span>GCC—Pakistan relations</h3></div> <p>In January 2022, the GCC and Pakistan finalised the Joint Action Plan for Strategic Dialogue (2022-26).<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2023, the GCC and Pakistan signed a preliminary deal on a free trade agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GCC_and_EU_Summit_meetings">GCC and EU Summit meetings</h3></div> <p>On 16 October 2024, the first GCC and the European Union summit was held in Brussels, Belgium. It was co-chaired by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> and the rotating GCC President <a href="/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani</a>, under the theme “Strategic Partnership for Peace and Prosperity”.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> requested the EU to take advantage of the first summit with Gulf leaders, and challenge the involvement of the UAE and other neighbouring states in the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudan civil war</a>. The EU director for HRW, Phillippe Dam said the union leaders should “publicly press” the UAE to stop arms supply to the RSF and push the militia to end the war.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_states">Related states</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArabLeague_Diagram-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ArabLeague_Diagram-en.svg/440px-ArabLeague_Diagram-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ArabLeague_Diagram-en.svg/660px-ArabLeague_Diagram-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ArabLeague_Diagram-en.svg/880px-ArabLeague_Diagram-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euler_diagram" title="Euler diagram">Euler diagram</a> for the Arab League, which contains members of the Gulf Cooperation Council</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries,_Egypt,_Iraq,_and_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Saudi Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> with the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, the GGC and the United States, at the GCC+3 summit in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, Saudi Arabia, 16 July 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the creation of the council in 1981 its membership has not expanded, with all members being Arab monarchies.<sup id="cite_ref-GCC_Yahoo_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCC_Yahoo-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some GCC countries have land borders with Iraq, Jordan or Yemen, and sea borders with Iran, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> or <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3></div> <p>Only the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> of Egypt lies in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>. In 2011, Bahrain's Foreign Minister called for Egypt to be admitted as a member of the GCC.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, despite having territory in the Arabian Peninsula and bordering the Persian Gulf, is the only Arab country bordering the gulf that is not a member of the GCC. Despite the societal, political differences between Iraq and its neighboring Gulf states, in 2012, former Iraqi Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Saadoun_al-Dulaimi" title="Saadoun al-Dulaimi">Saadoun al-Dulaimi</a> stated that Iraq wanted to join the GCC.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kuwait supported Iraq joining the GCC, however no progress has been made.<sup id="cite_ref-iraq_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iraq-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3></div> <p>At the December 2012 Manama summit, the GCC states called for an end to Iranian interference in their internal affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordan_and_Morocco">Jordan and Morocco</h3></div> <p>In May 2011, Jordan's request to join the GCC, which had been first submitted 15 years earlier, was accepted and Morocco was invited to join the union.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2011, a five-year economic plan for both countries was put forward after a meeting between the foreign ministers of both countries and those of the GCC states. Although a plan for accession was being looked into, it was noted that there was no timetable for either's accession, and that discussions would continue.<sup id="cite_ref-GCC_Yahoo_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCC_Yahoo-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Jordan and Morocco are the only two Arabic-speaking monarchies not currently in the council, the current members see them as strong potential allies. Jordan borders Saudi Arabia and is economically connected to the Arab Gulf States. Although Morocco is not near the Persian Gulf, the Moroccan foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Taieb_Fassi_Fihri" title="Taieb Fassi Fihri">Taieb Fassi Fihri</a> notes that "geographical distance is no obstacle to a strong relationship".<sup id="cite_ref-GCC_Yahoo_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCC_Yahoo-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen">Yemen</h3></div> <p>Yemen was in negotiations for GCC membership, and hoped to join by 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it has no coastline on the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, Yemen lies in the Arabian Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-Yemen_to_join_GCC_by_2015_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yemen_to_join_GCC_by_2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_organizations">Related organizations</h2></div> <p>The GCC members and Yemen are also members of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Arab_Free_Trade_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Arab Free Trade Area">Greater Arab Free Trade Area</a> (GAFTA). However, this is unlikely to affect the agenda of the GCC significantly as it has a more aggressive timetable than GAFTA and is seeking greater integration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BankMuscat_Direct" title="BankMuscat Direct">BankMuscat Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabia" title="Eastern Arabia">Eastern Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Gulf Cooperation Council–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Gulf Cooperation Council–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Shield_Force" title="Peninsula Shield Force">Peninsula Shield Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaleeji_(currency)" title="Khaleeji (currency)">Khaleeji (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Railway" title="Gulf Railway">Gulf Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sum-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sum_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sum_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sum_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sum of component states' 2023 population estimates from the United Nations.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gulfnews-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gulfnews_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sputnik+International&rft.atitle=Saudi+Diplomatic+Offensive+on+Qatar+to+Barely+Impact+Anti-Terror+Fight+in+Region&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33408486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrickBarnard2017" class="citation news cs1">Kirkpatrick, David D.; Barnard, Anne (7 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/33408516">"Terrorist Attacks Pour Gas on Saudi- Iranian Rivalry and Gulf Tensions"</a>. <i>Eurasia Diary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasia+Diary&rft.atitle=Terrorist+Attacks+Pour+Gas+on+Saudi-+Iranian+Rivalry+and+Gulf+Tensions&rft.date=2017-06-07&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rft.au=Barnard%2C+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33408516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1667922">"Pakistan, GCC finalise action plan for strategic dialogue"</a>. <i>DAWN</i>. 6 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DAWN&rft.atitle=Pakistan%2C+GCC+finalise+action+plan+for+strategic+dialogue&rft.date=2022-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1667922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1778542/pakistan-inks-preliminary-deal-on-free-trade-agreement-with-gulf-cooperation-council">"Pakistan inks preliminary deal on free trade agreement with Gulf Cooperation Council"</a>. <i>DAWN</i>. 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DAWN&rft.atitle=Pakistan+inks+preliminary+deal+on+free+trade+agreement+with+Gulf+Cooperation+Council&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1778542%2Fpakistan-inks-preliminary-deal-on-free-trade-agreement-with-gulf-cooperation-council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/636309/SAUDI-ARABIA/GCC-and-Pakistan-sign-preliminary-free-trade-agreement">"GCC and Pakistan sign preliminary free trade agreement"</a>. <i>Saudigazette</i>. 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudigazette&rft.atitle=GCC+and+Pakistan+sign+preliminary+free+trade+agreement&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsaudigazette.com.sa%2Farticle%2F636309%2FSAUDI-ARABIA%2FGCC-and-Pakistan-sign-preliminary-free-trade-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/2382501/pakistan">"Pakistan and Gulf Cooperation Council sign 'preliminary' free trade agreement"</a>. <i>Arab News</i>. 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Pakistan+and+Gulf+Cooperation+Council+sign+%27preliminary%27+free+trade+agreement&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F2382501%2Fpakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/eu-and-the-world/ar09350c8b">"EU urged to challenge UAE, Gulf states, over roles in Sudan war"</a>. 16 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EU+urged+to+challenge+UAE%2C+Gulf+states%2C+over+roles+in+Sudan+war&rft.date=2024-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Feu-and-the-world%2Far09350c8b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/k3wf2ewp/eu-gcc-joint-statement-final-2.pdf">"1 st European Union-Gulf Cooperation Council Summit Joint Statement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 16 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1+st+European+Union-Gulf+Cooperation+Council+Summit+Joint+Statement&rft.date=2024-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fmedia%2Fk3wf2ewp%2Feu-gcc-joint-statement-final-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GCC_Yahoo-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GCC_Yahoo_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GCC_Yahoo_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GCC_Yahoo_110-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yahoo! <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/gcc-discusses-economic-plan-jordan-morocco-192128469.html">"GCC discusses economic plan for Jordan, Morocco"</a>. 11 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GCC+discusses+economic+plan+for+Jordan%2C+Morocco&rft.date=2011-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fgcc-discusses-economic-plan-jordan-morocco-192128469.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMu_Xuequan2011" class="citation news cs1">Mu Xuequan (1 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/bahrain/bahrain-keen-on-egypt-s-gcc-membership-1.921786">"Bahrain keen on Egypt's GCC membership"</a>. <i>Gulf News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Bahrain+keen+on+Egypt%27s+GCC+membership&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.au=Mu+Xuequan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgulf%2Fbahrain%2Fbahrain-keen-on-egypt-s-gcc-membership-1.921786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528024055/http://www.shafaaq.com/sh2/news/iraq-news/41287-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A4%D9%83%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A.html">"Dulaimi confirmed that Iraq sought to join the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shafaq.com/sh2/news/iraq-news/41287-الدليمي-يؤكد-سعي-العراق-للانضمام-لمجلس-التعاون-الخليجي.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dulaimi+confirmed+that+Iraq+sought+to+join+the+Gulf+Cooperation+Council+%28GCC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shafaq.com%2Fsh2%2Fnews%2Firaq-news%2F41287-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A4%D9%83%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iraq-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iraq_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alsumaria.tv/news/55919/kuwait-stresses-necessity-for-iraq-to-join-gcc/en">"Kuwait stresses necessity for Iraq to join GCC"</a>. <i>قناه السومرية العراقية</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.atitle=Kuwait+stresses+necessity+for+Iraq+to+join+GCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alsumaria.tv%2Fnews%2F55919%2Fkuwait-stresses-necessity-for-iraq-to-join-gcc%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/12/20121225233041666942.html">"GCC states slam Iran interference in region."</a> <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 25 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMu_Xuequan2011" class="citation news cs1">Mu Xuequan (11 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120821083722/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-05/11/c_13868474.htm">"GCC welcomes Jordan's request to join the council"</a>. <i>Xinhua</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-05/11/c_13868474.htm">the original</a> on 21 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=GCC+welcomes+Jordan%27s+request+to+join+the+council&rft.date=2011-05-11&rft.au=Mu+Xuequan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish2010%2Fworld%2F2011-05%2F11%2Fc_13868474.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Rantawi2011" class="citation web cs1">Al-Rantawi, Oraib (17 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albawaba.com/gcc-membership-may-be-burden-jordan's-security-383535">"GCC membership may be a burden on Jordan's security"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GCC+membership+may+be+a+burden+on+Jordan%27s+security&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft.aulast=Al-Rantawi&rft.aufirst=Oraib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albawaba.com%2Fgcc-membership-may-be-burden-jordan%27s-security-383535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135815/https://www.mdps.gov.qa/en/statistics1/StatisticsSite/Pages/Population.aspx">"Monthly figures on total population"</a>. 26 June 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdps.gov.qa/en/statistics1/StatisticsSite/Pages/Population.aspx">the original</a> on 26 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+figures+on+total+population&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdps.gov.qa%2Fen%2Fstatistics1%2FStatisticsSite%2FPages%2FPopulation.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramson2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seth_Abramson" title="Seth Abramson">Abramson, Seth</a> (3 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250256713"><i>Proof of Conspiracy: How Trump's International Collusion Is Threatening American Democracy</i></a>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-25671-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-25671-3"><bdi>978-1-250-25671-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proof+of+Conspiracy%3A+How+Trump%27s+International+Collusion+Is+Threatening+American+Democracy&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.macmillan.com%2Fstatic%2Fmacmillan%2Fproofofconspiracy%2Fendnotes.pdf&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft.isbn=978-1-250-25671-3&rft.aulast=Abramson&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus.macmillan.com%2Fbooks%2F9781250256713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bianco, C. (2020a). The GCC monarchies: Perceptions of the Iranian threat amid shifting geopolitics. The International Spectator, 55(2), 92–107.</li> <li>Bianco, C. (2020b). A Gulf apart: How Europe can gain influence with the Gulf Cooperation Council. European Council on Foreign Relations, February 2020. Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://ecfr.eu/archive/page/-/a_gulf_apart_how_europe_can_gain_influence_with_gulf_cooperation_council.pdf">[2]</a>.</li> <li>Bianco, C. (2021). Can Europe Choreograph a Saudi-Iranian Détente? European University Institute, Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies, Middle East Directions. Available at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/70351/PB_2021_10-MED.pdf?sequence=1">[3]</a>.</li> <li>Bianco, C., & Stansfield, G. (2018). The intra-GCC crises: Mapping GCC fragmentation after 2011. International Affairs, 94(3), 613–635.</li> <li>Miniaoui, Héla, ed. Economic Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: From Rentier States to Diversified Economies. Vol. 1. Springer Nature, 2020.</li> <li>Guzansky, Y., & Even, S. (2020). The economic crisis in the Gulf States: A challenge to the "contract" between rulers and ruled. INSS Insight No. 1327, June 1, 2020. Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.INSS.org.il/publication/gulf-states-economy/?offset=7&posts=201&outher=Yoel%20Guzansky">[4]</a>.</li> <li>Guzansky, Y., & Marshall, Z. A. (2020). The Abraham accords: Immediate significance and long-term implications. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 1–11.</li> <li>Guzansky, Y., & Segal, E. (2020). All in the family: Leadership changes in the Gulf. INSS Insight No. 1378, August 30, 2020. Available at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.INSS.org.il/publication/gulf-royal-families/?offset=1&posts=201&outher=Yoel%20Guzansky">[5]</a></li> <li>Guzansky, Y., & Winter, O. (2020). Apolitical Normalization: A New Approach to Jews in Arab States. INSS Insight No. 1332, June 8, 2020. Available at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.INSS.org.il/publication/judaism-in-the-arab-world/?offset=5&posts=201&outher=Yoel%20Guzansky">[6]</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTauschHeshmatiKaroui2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arno_Tausch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arno Tausch (page does not exist)">Tausch, Arno</a>; Heshmati, Almas; Karoui, Hichem (2015). <i>The political algebra of global value change. General models and implications for the Muslim world</i> (1st ed.). New York: Nova Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62948-899-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62948-899-8"><bdi>978-1-62948-899-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+political+algebra+of+global+value+change.+General+models+and+implications+for+the+Muslim+world&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Nova+Science&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-62948-899-8&rft.aulast=Tausch&rft.aufirst=Arno&rft.au=Heshmati%2C+Almas&rft.au=Karoui%2C+Hichem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span> see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290349218_The_political_algebra_of_global_value_change_General_models_and_implications_for_the_Muslim_world">(PDF) The political algebra of global value change: General models and implications for the Muslim world</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTausch2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arno_Tausch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arno Tausch (page does not exist)">Tausch, Arno</a> (2021). <i>The Future of the Gulf Region: Value Change and Global Cycles. Gulf Studies, Volume 2, edited by Prof. Mizanur Rahman, Qatar University</i> (1st ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-78298-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-78298-6"><bdi>978-3-030-78298-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+the+Gulf+Region%3A+Value+Change+and+Global+Cycles.+Gulf+Studies%2C+Volume+2%2C+edited+by+Prof.+Mizanur+Rahman%2C+Qatar+University&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-030-78298-6&rft.aulast=Tausch&rft.aufirst=Arno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+Cooperation+Council" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Woertz, Eckart. "Wither the self-sufficiency illusion? Food security in Arab Gulf States and the impact of COVID-19." Food Security 12.4 (2020): 757-760.</li> <li>Zweiri, Mahjoob, Md Mizanur Rahman, and Arwa Kamal, eds. The 2017 Gulf Crisis: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Vol. 3. Springer Nature, 2020.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/10/the-future-of-the-gulf-cooperation-council-amid-saudi-emirati-rivalry?lang=en&center=middle-east">https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/10/the-future-of-the-gulf-cooperation-council-amid-saudi-emirati-rivalry?lang=en&center=middle-east</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the (Persian) Gulf"><img alt="Flag of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the (Persian) Gulf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Gas_Project" title="Dolphin Gas Project">Dolphin Gas Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Patent_Office" title="GCC Patent Office">GCC Patent Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Standardization_Organization" title="GCC Standardization Organization">GCC Standardization Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_and_Arabian_Peninsula_Unity_Forum" title="Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Unity Forum">Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Unity Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Conformity_mark" title="Gulf Conformity mark">Gulf Conformity mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Organization_for_Industrial_Consulting" title="Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting">Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Railway" title="Gulf Railway">Gulf Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaleeji_(currency)" title="Khaleeji (currency)">Khaleeji currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bilateral_free-trade_agreements#Gulf_Cooperation_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bilateral free-trade agreements">Bilateral free-trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_region" title="Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region">Migrant workers in the GCC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kafala_system" title="Kafala system">kafala system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_homosexuality_test" title="GCC homosexuality test">homosexuality test</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workforce_nationalization" title="Workforce nationalization">Workforce nationalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geopolitical history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Shield_Force" title="Peninsula Shield Force">Peninsula Shield Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_North_Thunder" title="Exercise North Thunder">Exercise North Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran">Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_Cup" title="Arabian Gulf Cup">Arabian Gulf Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_Futsal_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian Gulf Futsal Cup">Arabian Gulf Futsal Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_rugby_union_team" title="Arabian Gulf rugby union team">Arabian Gulf rugby team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Club_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="GCC Club Cup">GCC Club Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Games" title="GCC Games">GCC Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_GCC_Games" title="2011 GCC Games">2011 Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Athletics_Championships" title="Gulf Cooperation Council Athletics Championships">GCC Athletics Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Ice_Hockey_Championship" title="Gulf Ice Hockey Championship">Gulf Ice Hockey Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_U-17_Championship" title="GCC U-17 Championship">GCC U-17 Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_U-19_Championship" title="GCC U-19 Championship">GCC U-19 Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_U-23_Championship" title="GCC U-23 Championship">GCC U-23 Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Volleyball_Club_Championship" title="GCC Volleyball Club Championship">GCC Volleyball Club Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Youth_Athletics_Championships" title="Gulf Cooperation Council Youth Athletics Championships">GCC Youth Athletics Championships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Category:Gulf Cooperation Council">Category:Gulf Cooperation Council</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regional_organizations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regional_organizations" title="Template talk:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regional_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Cooperation_Treaty_Organization" title="Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization">Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Council" title="Asia Council">Asia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Europe_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Europe Foundation">Asia-Europe Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_European_Regions" title="Assembly of European Regions">Assembly of European Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Nine" title="Bucharest Nine">Bucharest Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">Central European Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_for_Democracy_and_Rights_of_Nations" title="Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations">Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Democratic_Choice" title="Community of Democratic Choice">Community of Democratic Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUAM_Organization_for_Democracy_and_Economic_Development" title="GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development">GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">Indian Ocean Rim Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liptako%E2%80%93Gourma_Authority" title="Liptako–Gourma Authority">Liptako–Gourma Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Integration_Association" title="Latin American Integration Association">Latin American Integration Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Latin American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Triangle" title="Lublin Triangle">Lublin Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneuropean_Union" title="Paneuropean Union">Paneuropean Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAKM" title="TAKM">TAKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Seas_Initiative" title="Three Seas Initiative">Three Seas Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nordic_Council" title="West Nordic Council">West Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Balkans_Quad" title="Western Balkans Quad">Western Balkans Quad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">Regional integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_organizations_by_population" title="List of regional organizations by population">Regional organizations by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(international_relations)" title="Regionalism (international relations)">Regionalism (international relations)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topics" title="Template:Asia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topics" title="Template talk:Asia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Asia-related_articles" title="Index of Asia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asia" title="History of Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Asia" title="Decolonisation of Asia">Decolonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_in_Asia" title="Cold War in Asia">Cold War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">Military conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_date_of_formation#Asia" title="List of sovereign states by date of formation">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Asia" title="Geography of Asia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cities_in_Asia" title="Lists of cities in Asia">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Asia" title="List of tallest buildings in Asia">tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Asia" title="List of urban agglomerations in Asia">urban agglomerations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_population" title="List of Asian countries by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Asia" title="Extreme points of Asia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes#Asia" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#Asia" title="List of mountain ranges">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Asia" title="List of rivers of Asia">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">Transcontinental regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East,_and_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe, the Middle East, and Africa">EMEA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean world">Mediterranean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MENASA" class="mw-redirect" title="MENASA">MENASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean world">Indian Ocean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Intracontinental regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia/Asia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_heartland" title="Mongol heartland">Greater Mongolia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Levant" title="Southern Levant">Southern Levant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Afghan Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Turkestan" title="Chinese Turkestan">Chinese Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">Russian Turkestan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Asia" title="Subregion">Continental subregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">Soviet Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_geography" title="Cultural geography">Cultural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">Sinosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_(region)" title="Nanyang (region)">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">Northern and southern China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">Supercontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asia" title="Afro-Asia">Afro-Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Continent#Subcontinents" title="Continent">Subcontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateaus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_plateau" title="Anatolian plateau">Anatolian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsulas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochinese Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Archipelago">Japanese Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Indonesian Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Islands" title="Sunda Islands">Sunda Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sunda_Islands" title="Greater Sunda Islands">Greater Sunda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">Philippine Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayan Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergui_Archipelago" title="Mergui Archipelago">Mergui Archipelago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asia_(WGSRPD)" title="Eastern Asia (WGSRPD)">Eastern Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Asia" title="Politics of Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_in_Asia" title="Category:Heads of government in Asia">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_in_Asia" title="Category:Heads of state in Asia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections_in_Asia" title="Category:Elections in Asia">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Asia" title="Category:Political parties in Asia">political parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Asia" title="Democracy in Asia">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Asia" title="Human rights in Asia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_systems_in_Asia" title="Legal systems in Asia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_Asia" title="Category:Military in Asia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intergovernmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG / GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Asia" title="Economy of Asia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of Asian countries by average wage">Countries by average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_and_Pacific_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP)">Countries by GDP (PPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Asia_and_Oceania_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index">Countries by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currencies_in_Asia" title="List of currencies in Asia">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Asia" title="Science and technology in Asia">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Asia" title="Category:Transport in Asia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Asia">airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Asia">high-speed rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Asian_and_Hong_Kong_property_markets" title="South East Asian and Hong Kong property markets">Property markets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asia" title="Demographics of Asia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Asia" title="Education in Asia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Asia" title="Etiquette in Asia">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Asia" title="Category:Health in Asia">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Asian countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in Asia">ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_art" title="History of Asian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_literature" title="Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Asia" title="Sports in Asia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian Century</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian Century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific Century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Asia" title="Outline of Asia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Asia-related_articles" title="Index of Asia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_present-day_countries_and_dependencies" title="Maps of present-day countries and dependencies">Maps</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Power_in_international_relations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_power" title="Template:International power"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_power" title="Template talk:International power"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_power" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International power"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_in_international_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">Power in international relations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_power" title="Food power">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_power" title="Maritime power">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_power" title="National power">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_politics" title="Power politics">Politics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_power" title="Sharp power">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_power" title="Smart power">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">Soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_power" title="Small power">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">Emerging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_of_the_Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Least of the Great Powers">Least Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower" title="Potential superpower">Potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Super</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pax_Americana" title="Pax Americana">Pax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">List of ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">List of medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">List of modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">International relations (1814–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_decline" title="American decline">American decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_stability_theory" title="Hegemonic stability theory">Hegemonic stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Philosophy of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Polarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_transition_theory" title="Power transition theory">Power transition theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Superpower">Second Superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower collapse">Superpower collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_disengagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower disengagement">Superpower disengagement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_Index_of_National_Capability" title="Composite Index of National Capability">Composite Index of National Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_National_Power" title="Comprehensive National Power">Comprehensive National Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations_and_groups_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Organizations and groups</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia" title="Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia">Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe (CoE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community (EPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union (EU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group (V4)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">North America–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Oceania–Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em;padding:0.35em 1.0em;line-height:1.25em;">Non–regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Speaking_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries">Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E9_(countries)" title="E9 (countries)">E9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Eight">G8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8%2B5" title="G8+5">G8+5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_for_Consensus" title="Uniting for Consensus">Uniting for Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations (UN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_trade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_trade" title="Template:International trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_trade" title="Template talk:International trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">International trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_advantage" title="Absolute advantage">Absolute advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">Balance of payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">Balance of trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_account" title="Capital account">Capital account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_advantage" title="Comparative advantage">Comparative advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_account_(balance_of_payments)" title="Current account (balance of payments)">Current account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export-oriented_industrialization" title="Export-oriented industrialization">Export-oriented industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">Import substitution industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_capital_outflow" title="Net capital outflow">Net capital outflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">Tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_justice" title="Trade justice">Trade justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_war" title="Trade war">Trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_nation" title="Trading nation">Trading nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations<br />and policies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">UN Conference on Trade and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="International Chamber of Commerce">International Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_investment_treaty" title="Bilateral investment treaty">Bilateral investment treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_integration" title="Economic integration">Economic integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoterms" title="Incoterms">Incoterms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATA_Carnet" title="ATA Carnet">ATA Carnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">Free-trade zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_agreement" title="Trade agreement">Trade agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_barrier" title="Trade barrier">Trade barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">Trade bloc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Repeal_of_the_Corn_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal of the Corn Laws">Repeal of the Corn Laws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">Autarky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedollarisation" title="Dedollarisation">Dedollarisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Union_of_Belarus,_Kazakhstan,_and_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia">Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East and North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Customs_Union" title="Arab Customs Union">Arab Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsaharan Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Community_of_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa">Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union">West African Economic and Monetary Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_top_exporting_countries_by_product_category" title="List of top exporting countries by product category">Exports by product</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aircraft_and_spacecraft_exports" title="List of countries by aircraft and spacecraft exports">Aircraft & Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aircraft_component_exports" title="List of countries by aircraft component exports">Aircraft parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aluminium_exports" title="List of countries by aluminium exports">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_automotive_component_exports" title="List of countries by automotive component exports">Car parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal#Major_exporters" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_exports" title="List of countries by coffee exports">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_computer_exports" title="List of countries by computer exports">Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_copper_exports" title="List of countries by copper exports">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maize_exports" title="List of countries by maize exports">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cotton_exports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by cotton exports">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_diamond_exports" title="List of countries by diamond exports">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_exports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by electricity exports">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electronics_exports" title="List of countries by electronics exports">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_engine_exports" title="List of countries by engine exports">Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gas_turbine_exports" title="List of countries by gas turbine exports">Gas turbines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gold_exports" title="List of countries by gold exports">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_integrated_circuit_exports" title="List of countries by integrated circuit exports">Integrated circuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron-ore_exports_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-ore exports by country">Iron ore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_live_animal_exports" title="List of countries by live animal exports">Live animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_exports" title="List of countries by oil exports">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_refined_petroleum_exports" title="List of countries by refined petroleum exports">Petrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pharmaceutical_exports" title="List of countries by pharmaceutical exports">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_photovoltaics_exports" title="List of countries by photovoltaics exports">Photovoltaics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_ship_exports" title="List of countries by ship exports">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_steel_production#Exports" title="List of countries by steel production">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_telecommunications_equipment_exports" title="List of countries by telecommunications equipment exports">Telecommunications equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_telephone_exports" title="List of countries by telephone exports">Telephones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_textile_exports" title="List of countries by textile exports">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_truck_exports" title="List of countries by truck exports">Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicle_exports" title="List of countries by vehicle exports">Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries by wheat exports">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine#Exporting_countries" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:International_trade" title="Category:International trade">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:International_trade" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:International trade">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–Saudi_Arabia_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Saudi_Arabia&#124;link=Saudi_Arabia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Template talk:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran–Saudi_Arabia_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Saudi_Arabia&#124;link=Saudi_Arabia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Iran–Saudi Arabia relations</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Iran_to_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia">Ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Tehran" title="Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran">Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_Iran" title="List of ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran">Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_June_5,_1984" title="Action of June 5, 1984">Action of June 5, 1984</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Bahrain" title="Insurgency in Bahrain">insurgency in Bahrain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 Libyan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Scorched_Earth" title="Operation Scorched Earth">Operation Scorched Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blow_to_the_Head" title="Operation Blow to the Head">Operation Blow to the Head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemeni revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover in Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 Mecca incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing" title="Khobar Towers bombing">Khobar Towers bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Execution of Nimr al-Nimr">Execution of Nimr al-Nimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_attack_on_the_Saudi_diplomatic_missions_in_Iran" title="2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran">2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_alleged_Iran_assassination_plot" title="2011 alleged Iran assassination plot">2011 alleged Iran assassination plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mina_stampede" title="2015 Mina stampede">2015 Mina stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932020_Qatif_unrest" title="2017–2020 Qatif unrest">2017–2020 Qatif unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Riyadh_missile_strike" title="2018 Riyadh missile strike">2018 Riyadh missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2231" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Afif_attack" title="2019 Afif attack">2019 Afif attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attacks">Abha International Airport attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" title="Abqaiq–Khurais attack">Abqaiq–Khurais attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Iranian relations<br />with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">GCC</a> member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Bahrain–Iran relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Iran–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Iran–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Iran–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Iran–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_football_rivalry" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry">Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Arab League–Iran relations">Arab League–Iran relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance" title="Arab–Israeli alliance">Arab–Israeli alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_Warsaw_Conference" title="February 2019 Warsaw Conference">Warsaw Middle East conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Opposition to military action against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_International" title="Iran International">Iran International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia">Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iran–Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Template talk:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iran–Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_June_5,_1984" title="Action of June 5, 1984">Action of June 5, 1984</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Bahrain" title="Insurgency in Bahrain">insurgency in Bahrain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan civil war">First Libyan civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian intervention in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Scorched_Earth" title="Operation Scorched Earth">Operation Scorched Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blow_to_the_Head" title="Operation Blow to the Head">Operation Blow to the Head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemeni revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabian_conflict" title="Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover in Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 Mecca incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing" title="Khobar Towers bombing">Khobar Towers bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Execution of Nimr al-Nimr">Execution of Nimr al-Nimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_attack_on_the_Saudi_diplomatic_missions_in_Iran" title="2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran">2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_alleged_Iran_assassination_plot" title="2011 alleged Iran assassination plot">2011 alleged Iran assassination plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mina_stampede" title="2015 Mina stampede">2015 Mina stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932020_Qatif_unrest" title="2017–2020 Qatif unrest">2017–2020 Qatif unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Riyadh_missile_strike" title="2018 Riyadh missile strike">2018 Riyadh missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2231" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Afif_attack" title="2019 Afif attack">2019 Afif attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abha_International_Airport_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Abha International Airport attacks">Abha International Airport attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" title="Abqaiq–Khurais attack">Abqaiq–Khurais attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iranian relations<br />with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">GCC</a> member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Bahrain–Iran relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Iran–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Iran–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Iran–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Iran–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Arab League–Iran relations">Arab League–Iran relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran">Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_Warsaw_Conference" title="February 2019 Warsaw Conference">Warsaw Middle East conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Opposition to military action against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_International" title="Iran International">Iran International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia">Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Iran–United_Arab_Emirates_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Template:Iran–United Arab Emirates relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Template talk:Iran–United Arab Emirates relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran–United Arab Emirates relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Iran–United_Arab_Emirates_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Iran–United Arab Emirates relations">Iran–United Arab Emirates relations</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Iran_to_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of ambassadors of Iran to the United Arab Emirates">Ambassadors of Iran to the United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Iran,_Abu_Dhabi" title="Embassy of Iran, Abu Dhabi">Embassy of Iran, Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li>Consulate-General of Iran, Dubai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Greater and Lesser Tunbs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seizure_of_Abu_Musa_and_the_Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Seizure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain" title="Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain">Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran">Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Business_Council_-_Dubai" title="Iranian Business Council - Dubai">Iranian Business Council - Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Club,_Dubai" title="Iranian Club, Dubai">Iranian Club, Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Hospital,_Dubai" title="Iranian Hospital, Dubai">Iranian Hospital, Dubai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Shia Islam in the United Arab Emirates">Shia Islam in the United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iran%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Category:Iran–United Arab Emirates relations">Category:Iran–United Arab Emirates relations</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217172#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217172#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217172#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121621795">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134370060">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2088427-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83009071">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12132035c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12132035c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00745098">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35743139">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gulf Cooperation Council"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2011624543&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90120764">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810617361005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007262003505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14625743?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032751923">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/korfez-isbirligi-konseyi">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" 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