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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Quickbread muffins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quickbread_muffins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Quickbread muffins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quickbread_muffins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bran_muffins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bran_muffins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bran muffins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bran_muffins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poppyseed_muffins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poppyseed_muffins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Poppyseed muffins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poppyseed_muffins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muffin_tops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muffin_tops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Muffin tops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muffin_tops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakeware_and_baking_aids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakeware_and_baking_aids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Bakeware and baking aids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakeware_and_baking_aids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery_of_quickbread_muffin_flavors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_of_quickbread_muffin_flavors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Gallery of quickbread muffin flavors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_of_quickbread_muffin_flavors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flatbread_muffins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flatbread_muffins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flatbread muffins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flatbread_muffins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flatbread muffins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flatbread_muffins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakeware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakeware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Bakeware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakeware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>As symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muffin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolwyntjie" title="Kolwyntjie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kolwyntjie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="حلوى المافن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلوى المافن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Մաֆին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մաֆին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maffin" title="Maffin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maffin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="মাফিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাফিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мъфин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мъфин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Μάφιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάφιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafino" title="Mafino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mafino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مافین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مافین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocaire" title="Bocaire – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bocaire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%ED%95%80" title="머핀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="머핀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Մաֆին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաֆին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mufin" title="Mufin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mufin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMuffin" title="IMuffin – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMuffin" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מאפין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאפין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಫಿನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಫಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მაფინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაფინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Маффин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Маффин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mufin" title="Mufin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mufin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3" title="マフィン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マフィン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffins" title="Muffins – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muffins" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffins" title="Muffins – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Muffins" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queque" title="Queque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Queque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Маффин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маффин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafin" title="Mafin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mafin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffini" title="Muffini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muffini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffins" title="Muffins – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muffins" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Мафін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мафін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%81%D9%89%D9%86" title="ماففىن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماففىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muffin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">A part-raised flatbread or a quickbread</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Muffin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Muffin (disambiguation)">Muffin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:02116jfMuffins_in_Philippinesfvf_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/02116jfMuffins_in_Philippinesfvf_02.jpg/200px-02116jfMuffins_in_Philippinesfvf_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/02116jfMuffins_in_Philippinesfvf_02.jpg/300px-02116jfMuffins_in_Philippinesfvf_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/02116jfMuffins_in_Philippinesfvf_02.jpg/400px-02116jfMuffins_in_Philippinesfvf_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Three flavors of American muffin: <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_chip" title="Chocolate chip">chocolate chip</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_muffins_wheat_rye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/English_muffins_wheat_rye.jpg/200px-English_muffins_wheat_rye.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/English_muffins_wheat_rye.jpg/300px-English_muffins_wheat_rye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/English_muffins_wheat_rye.jpg/400px-English_muffins_wheat_rye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="635" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> <a href="#Flatbread_muffins">English muffins</a>, toasted and untoasted</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>muffin or bun</b> is an individually portioned baked product; however, the term can refer to one of two distinct items: a <a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast" title="Baker's yeast">part-raised</a> <a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">flatbread</a> (like a <a href="/wiki/Crumpet" title="Crumpet">crumpet</a>) that is baked and then cooked on a <a href="/wiki/Griddle" title="Griddle">griddle</a> (typically unsweetened), or a (often sweetened) <a href="/wiki/Quickbread" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickbread">quickbread</a> that is chemically leavened and then baked in a mold. While quickbread "American" muffins are often sweetened, there are savory varieties made with ingredients such as corn and cheese, and less sweet varieties like traditional <i>bran muffins</i>. The flatbread "English" variety is of British or other European derivation, and dates from at least the early 18th century, while the quickbread originated in North America during the 19th century. Both types are common worldwide today. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>One 19th century source suggests that <i>muffin</i> may be related to the Greek bread <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el">maphula</i></span>, a 'cake baked on a hearth or griddle', or from Old French <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">mou-pain</i></span> 'soft bread', which may have been altered into <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">mouffin</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word is first found in print in 1703, spelled <i>moofin</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-Thorseby_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorseby-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is of uncertain origin but possibly derived from the Low German <span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">Muffen</i></span>, the plural of <span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">Muffe</i></span>, meaning 'small cake', or possibly with some connection to the Old French <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">moufflet</i></span> meaning 'soft', as said of bread.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harper_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expression <i>muffin-man</i>, meaning a street seller of muffins, is attested in a 1754 poem, which includes the line: "Hark! the shrill Muffin-Man his Carol plies."<sup id="cite_ref-Harper_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quickbread_muffins">Quickbread muffins</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Quickbread muffin</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NCI_Visuals_Food_Muffins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/NCI_Visuals_Food_Muffins.jpg/250px-NCI_Visuals_Food_Muffins.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/NCI_Visuals_Food_Muffins.jpg/375px-NCI_Visuals_Food_Muffins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/NCI_Visuals_Food_Muffins.jpg/500px-NCI_Visuals_Food_Muffins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">American muffin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quick_bread" title="Quick bread">Quick bread</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data">Traditionally breakfast</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">Flour</a>, eggs, <a href="/wiki/Leavening" class="mw-redirect" title="Leavening">leavening</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Ingredients generally used</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">Blueberries, chocolate, poppyseeds, or bran</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Category:Muffin_recipes" class="extiw" title="b:Category:Muffin recipes">Cookbook: Quickbread muffin</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muffins" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Muffins">Media: Quickbread muffin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Quickbread muffins (sometimes described in Britain as "American muffins"<sup id="cite_ref-AM_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) are baked, individual-sized, cupcake-shaped foods with a "moist, coarse-grained" texture.<sup id="cite_ref-WCSF_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muffins are available in both savoury varieties, such as cornmeal and cheese muffins, or sweet varieties such as blueberry, <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_chip" title="Chocolate chip">chocolate chip</a>, lemon or banana flavours. Sweetened muffins range from lightly sweetened muffins to products that are "richer than many cakes in fat and sugar."<sup id="cite_ref-WCSF_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are similar to <a href="/wiki/Cupcake" title="Cupcake">cupcakes</a> in size and cooking methods, the main difference being that cupcakes tend to be sweet <a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">desserts</a> using cake batter and which are often topped with sugar icing (American frosting). Muffins may have solid items mixed into the batter, such as berries, chocolate chips or nuts. Fresh baked muffins are sold by <a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">bakeries</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_doughnut_shops" title="List of doughnut shops">donut shops</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a> restaurants and <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffeehouses</a>. Factory baked muffins are sold at <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery stores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a> and are also served in some <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffeeshops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cafeteria" title="Cafeteria">cafeterias</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3></div> <p>Recipes for quickbread muffins are common in 19th-century American cookbooks.<sup id="cite_ref-Lettice_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lettice-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beecher_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beecher-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recipes for yeast-based muffins, which were sometimes called "common muffins" or "wheat muffins" in 19th-century American cookbooks, can be found in much older <a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">cookbooks</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Fannie_Farmer" title="Fannie Farmer">Fannie Farmer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Cooking-School_Cook_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Cooking-School Cook Book">Boston Cooking-School Cook Book</a></i>, she gave recipes for both types of muffins, both those that used yeast to raise the dough and those that used a quick bread method, using <a href="/wiki/Muffin_rings" title="Muffin rings">muffin rings</a> to shape the English muffins. Farmer indicated that stove top "baking", as is done with yeast dough, was a useful method when baking in an oven was not practical.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, the size and calorie content of muffins has changed: the <q>3-inch muffins grandmother made had only 120 to 160 calories. But today's giant bakery muffins contain from 340 to 630 calories each.</q><sup id="cite_ref-nbc_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbc-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h3></div> <p>Quickbread muffins are made with flour, sieved together with <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate_of_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicarbonate of soda">bicarbonate of soda</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">raising agent</a>. To this is added butter or shortening, eggs and any flavourings (fruit, such as blueberries, chocolate or banana; or savouries, such as cheese). </p><p>Commercial muffins may have "modified starches", corn syrup (or <a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">high-fructose corn syrup</a>), xanthan gum, or guar gum to increase moisture content and lengthen shelf life (as well, these gums can make added solids, such as chocolate chips, disperse more evenly in the batter).<sup id="cite_ref-WCSF_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bran_muffins">Bran muffins</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Applesauce_oat_bran_muffins_(42274838985).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Applesauce_oat_bran_muffins_%2842274838985%29.jpg/250px-Applesauce_oat_bran_muffins_%2842274838985%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Applesauce_oat_bran_muffins_%2842274838985%29.jpg/330px-Applesauce_oat_bran_muffins_%2842274838985%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Applesauce_oat_bran_muffins_%2842274838985%29.jpg/500px-Applesauce_oat_bran_muffins_%2842274838985%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Oat bran muffins</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bran muffins</b> use less flour and use <a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">bran</a> instead, as well as using <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">brown sugar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WCSF_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mix is turned into a pocketed muffin tray, or into individual paper moulds, and baked in an oven. Milk is often added, as it contributes to the appealing browning appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-WCSF_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result are raised, individual quickbreads.<sup id="cite_ref-AM_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The muffin may have toppings added, such as cinnamon sugar, streusel,<sup id="cite_ref-WCSF_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nuts, or chocolate chips. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poppyseed_muffins">Poppyseed muffins</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberry-Mohn_Muffins_on_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cranberry-Mohn_Muffins_on_plate.jpg/220px-Cranberry-Mohn_Muffins_on_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cranberry-Mohn_Muffins_on_plate.jpg/330px-Cranberry-Mohn_Muffins_on_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cranberry-Mohn_Muffins_on_plate.jpg/440px-Cranberry-Mohn_Muffins_on_plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Poppyseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Poppyseed">Poppyseed</a> muffins on a plate</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Poppyseed muffins</b> (or <b>poppy seed muffins</b>) contain poppy seeds. Poppy seeds were already popular in most parts of the world for their taste and texture—as well as the <a href="/wiki/Narcotic" title="Narcotic">narcotic</a> characteristics of the <a href="/wiki/Opium_poppy" class="mw-redirect" title="Opium poppy">opium poppy</a> plant they are harvested from. In modern times, growing poppy seeds is a difficult business for American farmers, due to the risk of <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> production. Other countries have fewer difficulties with permitting the growth of poppies for the seeds alone, which have very low (but still present) levels of <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> <a href="/wiki/Alkaloids" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaloids">alkaloids</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a>. As other countries began imitating the American muffin, the occasional use of poppy seeds to flavor them spread as well. Although poppy seeds cannot be used as a <a href="/wiki/Narcotic" title="Narcotic">narcotic</a> due to very low levels of opium alkaloids,<sup id="cite_ref-erowid_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erowid-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they do have enough that <a href="/wiki/Drug_test" title="Drug test">drug tests</a> are often fooled and give out <a href="/wiki/False_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="False positive">false positives</a> after an otherwise drug-free person consumes just a few poppyseed muffins.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, all poppyseed pastries place the person who consumes them prior to a test at a high risk of being inaccurately considered a drug user.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">Lemon</a> is a common paired flavour with poppyseeds in muffin-making. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3></div> <p>Harvard University's Nutrition Source states that while many fruit muffins may seem "...to be a better breakfast than their donut neighbors" at your local coffeeshop, with their "...often refined flours, high sodium, and plenty of added sugar...and large portion size, they're far from the optimal food choice to start your day."<sup id="cite_ref-Makeover_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makeover-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consumers think that commercial muffins are a healthier choice than donuts; however, according to Registered Dietician Karen Collins, yeast or raised donuts have from 170 to 270 calories each (cake doughnuts have from 290 to 360 calories), while large bakery muffins have from 340 to 630 calories each and 11 to 27 grams of total fat.<sup id="cite_ref-nbc_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbc-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Most muffins are deceptively high in fats", with up to 40% fat content, which many consumers are not aware of.<sup id="cite_ref-WCSF_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The type of muffin can have a big impact on its fat and sugar content; one major fast food chain's low-fat berry muffin has 300 calories, whereas the same restaurant's chocolate chunk muffin has 620 calories.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harvard's Nutrition Source recommends smaller-sized, whole-grain muffins with reduced sugar content, liquid plant oil instead of shortening or butter, and added wholesome foods such as nuts (or nut flour), beans (or bean flour), or fresh fruit or vegetables.<sup id="cite_ref-Makeover_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makeover-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muffin_tops">Muffin tops</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Muffin_top" title="Muffin top">Muffin top</a></div> <p>The muffin top is the crisp upper part of the muffin, which has developed a "browned crust that's slightly singed around the edges".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were the focus of a 1997 <i><a href="/wiki/Seinfeld" title="Seinfeld">Seinfeld</a></i> sitcom episode, "<a href="/wiki/The_Muffin_Tops" title="The Muffin Tops">The Muffin Tops</a>" (episode 21 of season 8), where the character <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Benes" title="Elaine Benes">Elaine</a>, who only eats the tops when she buys a muffin, realizes that a bakery selling just the tops could be successful. Once the business is running, she has to figure out what to do with the muffin bottoms, which proves difficult. </p><p>In 2018, McDonald's restaurant announced they were planning to sell muffin tops as part of their McCafe breakfast menu.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bakeware_and_baking_aids">Bakeware and baking aids</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muffin_pan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Muffin_pan.jpg/250px-Muffin_pan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Muffin_pan.jpg/330px-Muffin_pan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Muffin_pan.jpg/500px-Muffin_pan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>A typical muffin pan</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Muffin_tin" title="Muffin tin">Muffin tins</a> and muffin pans are typically metal bakeware which has round bowl-shaped depressions into which muffin batter is poured. Muffin tins or pans can be greased with butter or cooking spray, to lessen the issue of batter sticking to the pan. Alternatively, muffin cups or cases are used. Cups or cases are usually round sheets of <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foil_(metal)" title="Foil (metal)">foil</a>, or silicone<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with scallop-pressed edges, giving the muffin a round cup shape. They are used in the baking of muffins to line the bottoms of muffin tins, to facilitate the easy removal of the finished muffin from the tin. The advantage to cooks is easier removal and cleanup, more precise form, and moister muffins; however, using them will prevent a crust from forming. </p><p>A variety of sizes for muffin cases are available. Slightly different sizes are considered "standard" in different countries. Miniature cases are commonly 1 to 1.25 in (25 to 32 mm) in diameter at the base and .75 in (19 mm) tall. Standard-size cases range from 1.75 to 2 inches (44 to 51 mm) in diameter at the base and are 1.25 to 1.5 in (32 to 38 mm) tall. Some jumbo-size cases can hold more than twice the size of standard cases. Australian and Swedish bakers are accustomed to taller paper cases with a larger diameter at the top than American and British bakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2010_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2010-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery_of_quickbread_muffin_flavors">Gallery of quickbread muffin flavors</h3></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pumpkin_muffin_(31373163026).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pumpkin muffins in muffin cups"><img alt="Pumpkin muffins in muffin cups" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pumpkin_muffin_%2831373163026%29.jpg/120px-Pumpkin_muffin_%2831373163026%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pumpkin_muffin_%2831373163026%29.jpg/250px-Pumpkin_muffin_%2831373163026%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pumpkin muffins in muffin cups</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chocolate_muffin_bake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A chocolate muffin"><img alt="A chocolate muffin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Chocolate_muffin_bake.jpg/111px-Chocolate_muffin_bake.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Chocolate_muffin_bake.jpg/166px-Chocolate_muffin_bake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Chocolate_muffin_bake.jpg/222px-Chocolate_muffin_bake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3013" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A chocolate muffin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Home_made_muffins.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Home-made berry muffins"><img alt="Home-made berry muffins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/76/Home_made_muffins.jpeg/120px-Home_made_muffins.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/76/Home_made_muffins.jpeg/250px-Home_made_muffins.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="1832" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Home-made berry muffins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegan_lemon_poppyseed_muffins_(4276812235).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A vegan lemon poppyseed muffin"><img alt="A vegan lemon poppyseed muffin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vegan_lemon_poppyseed_muffins_%284276812235%29.jpg/120px-Vegan_lemon_poppyseed_muffins_%284276812235%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vegan_lemon_poppyseed_muffins_%284276812235%29.jpg/180px-Vegan_lemon_poppyseed_muffins_%284276812235%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vegan_lemon_poppyseed_muffins_%284276812235%29.jpg/240px-Vegan_lemon_poppyseed_muffins_%284276812235%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">vegan</a> <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a> <a href="/wiki/Poppyseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Poppyseed">poppyseed</a> muffin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlueberryMuffin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blueberry muffin, a common flavor"><img alt="Blueberry muffin, a common flavor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/BlueberryMuffin.jpg/120px-BlueberryMuffin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/BlueberryMuffin.jpg/180px-BlueberryMuffin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/BlueberryMuffin.jpg/240px-BlueberryMuffin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1958" data-file-height="1697" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">Blueberry</a> muffin, a common flavor</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flatbread_muffins">Flatbread muffins</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Flatbread muffin</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mmm...English_muffins_(5393409247).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mmm...English_muffins_%285393409247%29.jpg/250px-Mmm...English_muffins_%285393409247%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mmm...English_muffins_%285393409247%29.jpg/500px-Mmm...English_muffins_%285393409247%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">English muffin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Leavened bread</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data">Traditionally breakfast</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">Flour, <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">Raisins</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Category:Muffin_recipes" class="extiw" title="b:Category:Muffin recipes">Cookbook: Flatbread muffin</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muffins" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Muffins">Media: Flatbread muffin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Flatbread muffins (known in the United States and elsewhere as "<a href="/wiki/English_muffin" title="English muffin">English muffins</a>"; or simply as "muffins" or "bakery muffins"<sup id="cite_ref-WCSF_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) are a flatter disk-shaped, typically unsweetened yeast-leavened bread; generally about 4 in (10 cm) in diameter and 1.5 in (3.8 cm) tall. It is of English or European origin. Rather than being entirely oven-baked, they are also cooked in a <a href="/wiki/Griddle" title="Griddle">griddle</a> on the stove top and flipped from side-to-side, which results in a flattened shape rather than the rounded top seen in baked rolls or cake-type muffins.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Cornmeal and bran are sometimes substituted for some of the flour."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These muffins are popular in <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth countries</a> and the United States. Flatbread muffins are often served toasted for breakfast. They may be served with butter or margarine, and topped with sweet toppings, such as jam or honey, or savoury toppings (e.g., round sausage, cooked egg, cheese or bacon). Flatbread muffins are often eaten as a breakfast food (e.g. as an essential ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Eggs_Benedict" title="Eggs Benedict">Eggs Benedict</a> and most of its variations), accompanied by coffee or tea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muffin_man_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20338.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Muffin_man_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20338.png/120px-Muffin_man_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20338.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Muffin_man_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20338.png/250px-Muffin_man_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_20338.png 1.5x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption>A Victorian-era muffin man ringing a bell.</figcaption></figure> <p>Recipes for English muffins appear in published cookery books from the early 18th century,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the product is undoubtedly older than that.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Oxford Companion to Food</i>, Alan Davidson states that "[t]here has always been some confusion between muffins, <a href="/wiki/Crumpet" title="Crumpet">crumpets</a>, and pikelets, both in recipes and in name."<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increasing popularity of flatbread muffins in the 19th century, is attested by the existence of "...muffin men [who] traversed the town streets at teatime, ringing their bells" to sell them.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bell-ringing of muffin men became so common that by the 1840s, the British Parliament passed a law to prohibit bell ringing by muffin men, but it was not adhered to by sellers.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Mush muffins (called slipperdowns in New England) were a Colonial [American] muffin made with <a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">hominy</a> on a hanging griddle."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These and other types of flatbread muffins were known to American settlers, but they declined in popularity with the advent of the quickbread muffin. The flat muffin was re-introduced to the American market in 1880 as "English muffin" by English-American baker Samuel Beth Thomas (whose baked-goods company <a href="/wiki/Thomas%27" title="Thomas'">Thomas</a> survives to this day). Thomas called the product "toaster crumpets", and intended them as a "more elegant alternative to toast' to be served in fine hotels.<sup id="cite_ref-Nibble1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nibble1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English muffin has been described as a variant form of a <a href="/wiki/Crumpet" title="Crumpet">crumpet</a>, or a "cousin", with the difference being the location of the holes; in a crumpet, the holes go all the way to the top, whereas with an English muffin, the holes are inside.<sup id="cite_ref-Nibble1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nibble1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1910, Fred Wolferman of Kansas City, Missouri began making denser English muffins at his family grocery, using empty tin cans as molds.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="title"><div>Preparation of flatbread "English" muffins<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_jspatchwork_146937143--Making_English_muffins_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The dough"><img alt="The dough" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937143--Making_English_muffins_01.jpg/180px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937143--Making_English_muffins_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937143--Making_English_muffins_01.jpg/270px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937143--Making_English_muffins_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937143--Making_English_muffins_01.jpg/360px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937143--Making_English_muffins_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The dough</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_jspatchwork_146937144--Making_English_muffins_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="is cooked in rings"><img alt="is cooked in rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937144--Making_English_muffins_02.jpg/250px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937144--Making_English_muffins_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937144--Making_English_muffins_02.jpg/330px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937144--Making_English_muffins_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937144--Making_English_muffins_02.jpg/360px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937144--Making_English_muffins_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">is cooked in rings</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_jspatchwork_146937146--Making_English_muffins_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="and then cooled"><img alt="and then cooled" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937146--Making_English_muffins_03.jpg/250px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937146--Making_English_muffins_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937146--Making_English_muffins_03.jpg/330px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937146--Making_English_muffins_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937146--Making_English_muffins_03.jpg/360px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937146--Making_English_muffins_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">and then cooled</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_jspatchwork_146937151--Making_English_muffins_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="before it is split"><img alt="before it is split" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937151--Making_English_muffins_04.jpg/180px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937151--Making_English_muffins_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937151--Making_English_muffins_04.jpg/270px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937151--Making_English_muffins_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937151--Making_English_muffins_04.jpg/360px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937151--Making_English_muffins_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">before it is split</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_jspatchwork_146937175--Making_English_muffins_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="and finally toasted."><img alt="and finally toasted." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937175--Making_English_muffins_05.jpg/250px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937175--Making_English_muffins_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937175--Making_English_muffins_05.jpg/330px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937175--Making_English_muffins_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flickr_jspatchwork_146937175--Making_English_muffins_05.jpg/360px-Flickr_jspatchwork_146937175--Making_English_muffins_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">and finally toasted.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bakeware">Bakeware</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Muffin_rings" title="Muffin rings">Muffin rings</a> are metal cookware used for oven-baking or griddle-cooking flatbread muffins. They are circle-shaped objects made of thin metal. The rings are about one inch high. </p><p>A <i>Muffineer</i> was originally a sugar shaker, looking like a large salt cellar with a perforated decorative top, for spreading powdered sugar on muffins and other sweet cakes. Later, in the 19th century, the term was also used to describe a silver, or silver-plated, <i>muffin dish</i>, with a domed lid and a compartment below for hot water, used to keep toasted English muffins warm before serving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3></div> <p>"<a href="/wiki/The_Muffin_Man" title="The Muffin Man">The Muffin Man</a>" is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhyme</a>, children's song or <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's game">children's game</a> of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> origin from 1820. </p><p>A well-known reference to English muffins is in <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>'s 1895 play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_symbols">As symbols</h2></div> <p>American muffins appear as state symbols in three US states: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> muffin is the official state muffin of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-North_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-North-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a> muffin is the official state muffin of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-North_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-North-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a> muffin is the official state muffin of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakfast foods">Breakfast foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">Croissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruffin" title="Cruffin">Cruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumpet" title="Crumpet">Crumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupcake" title="Cupcake">Cupcake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">Dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donut" class="mw-redirect" title="Donut">Donut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiffy_mix" title="Jiffy mix">Jiffy mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baked_goods" title="List of baked goods">List of baked goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantecadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantecadas">Mantecadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Muffin_Man" title="The Muffin Man">The Muffin Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scone" title="Scone">Scone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muffins" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Muffins">Muffins</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/muffin" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:muffin">muffin</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/120px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Muffin" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Muffin"> Muffin</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Notes and Queries: Medium of Inter-Communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.</i>, Volume 1, Oxford University Press, 1850. p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thorseby-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thorseby_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Thoresby in a letter dated 27 Apr. 1703 and quoted by J. Ray in 1848. <a href="/wiki/Vide_(Latin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vide (Latin)"><i>vide</i></a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof48rayj"><i>The correspondence of J. Ray, consisting of selections from the philosophical letters published by Dr. Derham and original letters of J. Ray in the collection of the British Museum</i> (1848) p. 425</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> 2nd Ed. (1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harper-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harper_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harper_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=muffin">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dmuffin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AM-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AM_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AM_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cakebaker.co.uk/american-muffins.html">American muffins</a> at cakebaker.co.uk; retrieved 3 Sept 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCSF-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WCSF_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCSF_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCSF_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCSF_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCSF_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCSF_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCSF_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCSF_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wrigley, Colin W; Corke, Harold; Seetharaman, Koushik; Faubion, Jonathan. <i>Encyclopedia of Food Grains</i>. Academic Press, 2015. p. 33-34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lettice-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lettice_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryan1839" class="citation book cs1">Bryan, Lettice (1839). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kentuckyhousewif0000brya/page/309"><i>Kentucky Housewife</i></a>. South Dartmouth, Massachusetts: Applewood Books (reprint). p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kentuckyhousewif0000brya/page/309">309</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55709-514-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55709-514-0"><bdi>1-55709-514-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kentucky+Housewife&rft.place=South+Dartmouth%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Applewood+Books+%28reprint%29&rft.date=1839&rft.isbn=1-55709-514-0&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=Lettice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkentuckyhousewif0000brya%2Fpage%2F309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beecher-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beecher_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeecher1871" class="citation book cs1">Beecher, Catharine Esther (1871). <i>Miss Beecher's domestic recipe book</i>. Harper. p. 99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miss+Beecher%27s+domestic+recipe+book&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Beecher&rft.aufirst=Catharine+Esther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFarmer1896" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, Fannie (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bostoncookingsc00collgoog"><i>Boston Cooking-School Cook Book</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1408632292" title="Special:BookSources/1408632292"><bdi>1408632292</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boston+Cooking-School+Cook+Book&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+%26+Company&rft.date=1896&rft.isbn=1408632292&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Fannie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbostoncookingsc00collgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbc-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbc_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbc_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins2004" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Karen (22 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517030707/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6307384/ns/health-diet_and_nutrition/t/think-muffins-bagelsare-healthy-think-again#.XWrRuONKjIU">"Think muffins and bagels are healthy? Think again In some cases, you may be better off eating a doughnut"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6307384/ns/health-diet_and_nutrition/t/think-muffins-bagelsare-healthy-think-again/#.XWrRuONKjIU">the original</a> on May 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hamilton+Spectator&rft.atitle=Do+you+know+the+Mmmuffin+Man%3F+The+rise+and+fall+of+the+%2790s+muffin&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespec.com%2Fliving-story%2F9219673-do-you-know-the-mmmuffin-man-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-90s-muffin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibson2018" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Kate (27 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mcdonalds-muffin-tops-way-to-reclaim-breakfast-customers/">"McDonald's looks to muffin tops to reclaim breakfast customers"</a>. <i>CBS News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=McDonald%27s+looks+to+muffin+tops+to+reclaim+breakfast+customers&rft.date=2018-06-27&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmcdonalds-muffin-tops-way-to-reclaim-breakfast-customers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040122204458/http://www.hormel.com/kitchen/glossary.asp?id=35798">"Hormel Foods"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hormel.com/kitchen/glossary.asp?id=35798">the original</a> on 2004-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hormel+Foods&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hormel.com%2Fkitchen%2Fglossary.asp%3Fid%3D35798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith2010-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith2010_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2010" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Lindy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=avVsJ5drkGMC&pg=PA7"><i>Bake me I'm Yours... Cupcake Celebration</i></a>. David & Charles: Newton Abbot. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780715337707" title="Special:BookSources/9780715337707"><bdi>9780715337707</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bake+me+I%27m+Yours...+Cupcake+Celebration&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles%3A+Newton+Abbot&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780715337707&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Lindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DavVsJ5drkGMC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.food.com/about/english-muffin-819">"English Muffin - Kitchen Dictionary - Food.com"</a>. <i>www.food.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.food.com&rft.atitle=English+Muffin+-+Kitchen+Dictionary+-+Food.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.food.com%2Fabout%2Fenglish-muffin-819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larousse Gastronomique, Jennifer Harvey Lang, editor. Crown: New York 1988 (p. 703)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/123299?redirectedFrom=muffin#eid">Muffin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>, retrieved 3 Sept 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid1977" class="citation book cs1">David, Elizabeth (1977). <i>English Bread and Yeast Cookery</i>. London UK: Penguin. p. 343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-046791-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-046791-2"><bdi>0-14-046791-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Bread+and+Yeast+Cookery&rft.place=London+UK&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-14-046791-2&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson, Alan. <i>Oxford Companion to Food</i>. Oxford University Press:Oxford, 1999 (p. 517)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mariani, John F. Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink, [Lebhar-Freidman Books:New York] 1999 (p. 211)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nibble1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nibble1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nibble1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/breadstuffs/english-muffin-history.asp">"The Nibble: English Muffin History"</a>. <i>www.thenibble.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thenibble.com&rft.atitle=The+Nibble%3A+English+Muffin+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenibble.com%2Freviews%2Fmain%2Fbreadstuffs%2Fenglish-muffin-history.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/breadstuffs/wolfermans.asp">"The Nibble: Wolferman's"</a>. <i>www.thenibble.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thenibble.com&rft.atitle=The+Nibble%3A+Wolferman%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenibble.com%2Freviews%2Fmain%2Fbreadstuffs%2Fwolfermans.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on a recipe by <a href="/wiki/Alton_Brown" title="Alton Brown">Alton Brown</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_Good_Eats_episodes#Season_7" title="List of Good Eats episodes">"The Muffin Man"</a> episode of the television cooking show <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Eats" title="Good Eats">Good Eats</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-North-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-North_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-North_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040930232540/http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm">"CIS: State Symbols"</a>. <i>www.sec.state.ma.us</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm">the original</a> on 30 September 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sec.state.ma.us&rft.atitle=CIS%3A+State+Symbols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.ma.us%2Fcis%2Fcismaf%2Fmf1a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/new-york/state-food-agriculture-symbol/apple-muffin">"New York State Muffin - Apple Muffin"</a>. <i>statesymbolsusa.org</i>. 26 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statesymbolsusa.org&rft.atitle=New+York+State+Muffin+-+Apple+Muffin&rft.date=2014-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fnew-york%2Fstate-food-agriculture-symbol%2Fapple-muffin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuffin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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