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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Quran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Hadith </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Amount </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failure_to_pay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failure_to_pay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Failure to pay </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failure_to_pay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Distribution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Role in society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Historical practice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Contemporary practice </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_practice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Contemporary practice subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zakat_status_in_Muslim_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zakat_status_in_Muslim_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Zakat status in Muslim countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zakat_status_in_Muslim_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Collection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Distribution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_society_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_society_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Role in society </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_society_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Related terms </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_terms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Related terms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Related_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zakat_al-Fitr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zakat_al-Fitr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Zakat al-Fitr </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zakat_al-Fitr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_and_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_and_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Books and articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_and_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Zakat</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" > 95 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakeuet" title="Jakeuet – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jakeuet" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakaat" title="Zakaat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zakaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="زكاة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زكاة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="জাকাত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাকাত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="ЗакагӀат – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ЗакагӀат" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%99kat" title="Zəkat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zəkat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زکات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زکات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="যাকাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যাকাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82" title="Зәкәт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Зәкәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Зекят – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зекят" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekat" title="Zekat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zekat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C3%A1t" title="Zakát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zakát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaka" title="Zaka – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zaka" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C4%81t" title="Zakāt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zakāt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%92%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ޒަކާތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޒަކާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azaque" title="Azaque – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azaque" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakato" title="Zakato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zakato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زکات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زکات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C3%A2t" title="Zakât – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zakât" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Загат – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Загат" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4" title="ઝકાત – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝકાત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="자카트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자카트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakka" title="Zakka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zakka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%A9" title="Զաքաթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զաքաթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="ज़कात – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़कात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekat" title="Zekat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zekat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C4%81t" title="Zakāt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zakāt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%94" title="זכאה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זכאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakat" title="Jakat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jakat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಝಕಾತ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಝಕಾತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ზაქათი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზაქათი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8E%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زَکات – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زَکات" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Зекет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зекет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutanga_amaturo" title="Gutanga amaturo – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Gutanga amaturo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekat" title="Zekat – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zekat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Зекет – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зекет" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Закат – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Закат" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C4%81" title="Zakā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zakā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakiatas" title="Zakiatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zakiatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Зекат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зекат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa_fiantrana_(silamo)" title="Asa fiantrana (silamo) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Asa fiantrana (silamo)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="സകാത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സകാത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जकात (दान) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जकात (दान)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%87" title="الزكاه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الزكاه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakaik" title="Zakaik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Zakaik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="ザカート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザカート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Закат – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Закат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakot" title="Zakot – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zakot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਜ਼ਕਾਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ਕਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زکات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زکات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زکات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زکات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacate" title="Zacate – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zacate" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zek%C3%A2t" title="Zekât – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Zekât" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dania_ritual%C4%83_%C3%AEn_islam" title="Dania rituală în islam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dania rituală în islam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Закят – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Закят" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%83" title="زکوۃ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="زکوۃ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeqati" title="Zeqati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zeqati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زڪوات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زڪوات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sako" title="Sako – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sako" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زەکات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەکات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Зекат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зекат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekat" title="Zekat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zekat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="சகாத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சகாத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zzakat" title="Zzakat – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Zzakat" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Зәкят – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Зәкят" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="జకాత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జకాత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95" title="ซะกาต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซะกาต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Закот – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Закот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zek%C3%A2t" title="Zekât – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zekât" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekat" title="Zekat – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Zekat" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Закят – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Закят" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زکات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زکات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زاكات – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="زاكات" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacate" title="Zacate – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Zacate" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%AF%BE" title="天课 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天课" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%AA%B2" title="天課 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天課" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekat" title="Zekat – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zekat" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%AA%B2" title="天課 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天課" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Zakat" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124058#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Zakat" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content 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searchaux" style="display:none">Form of almsgiving obligatory in Islam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Zagat" title="Zagat">Zagat</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Zakat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zakat (disambiguation)">Zakat (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/110px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/165px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revealed Books</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Profession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Texts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Foundations</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir (exegesis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Aqidah (creed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_al-Anbiya" title="Qisas al-Anbiya">Qisas al-Anbiya ("Stories of the Prophets")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a> (Poems)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh (jurisprudence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia (law)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Islamic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Islamic history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval Islamic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">society</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;font-size:88%; line-height:188%;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_theology" title="Category:Islamic theology">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Aqidah</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosque02.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silhouette of a mosque"><img alt="Silhouette of a mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mosque02.svg/110px-Mosque02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mosque02.svg/165px-Mosque02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mosque02.svg/220px-Mosque02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="220" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Sunni_schools_of_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Sunni</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Iman_(concept)#The_six_articles_of_the_Islamic_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Iman (concept)">Six Articles of Iman</a><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of angels">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">The Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_during_Ramadan" title="Fasting during Ramadan">Sawm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Sunnī_schools_of_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Schools of theology</a><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Athari</a>1</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a>3</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Shia_schools_of_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Shi'a</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Ancillaries_of_the_Faith" title="Ancillaries of the Faith">Basic Tenets of Faith</a><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm_of_Ramadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm of Ramadan">Sawm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_what_is_just" class="mw-redirect" title="Commanding what is just">Commanding what is just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enjoining_good_and_forbidding_wrong" title="Enjoining good and forbidding wrong">Forbidding what is evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawalla">Tawalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabarra">Tabarra</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/Twelver_theology" title="Twelver theology">Theology of the Twelvers</a>4, 5<div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalah_(Islam)" title="Adalah (Islam)">Adalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_(Shia_Islam)" title="Prophecy (Shia Islam)">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology#Resurrection_and_final_judgement" title="Islamic eschatology">Qiyamah</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism#Beliefs" title="Isma'ilism">Theology of the Ismailis</a>6<div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm_of_Ramadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm of Ramadan">Sawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/Zaydism#Theology" title="Zaydism">Theology of the Zaydis</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Muhakkima" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Muhakkima</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_theology" title="Ibadi theology">Theology of the Ibadis</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Other variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabriyya" title="Jabriyya">Jabriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahmiyya" title="Jahmiyya">Jahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Tashbih" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Mujassimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazilism" title="Mu'tazilism">Mu'tazila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadariyya">Qadariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quraniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #dcf5dc;border-bottom:1px solid #dcf5dc;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> Including: <div class="plainlist" style="font-weight:normal"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>1 <a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbali school</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiri school</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>2 <a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Maliki school</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i school</a></li></ul></div></li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi school</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>4 <a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari school</a> (<a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akhbarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhbarism">Akhbari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhi</a>)</li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>5 <a href="/wiki/Alawite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawite">Alawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishiki</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>6 <a href="/wiki/Nizari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizari">Nizari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoja" title="Khoja">Khoja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mustali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustali">Mustali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hebtiahs_Bohra" title="Hebtiahs Bohra">Hebtiahs Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atba-e-Malak" title="Atba-e-Malak">Atba-i-Malak Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a>)</li></ul></div></li></ul> </div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aqidah" title="Template:Aqidah"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aqidah" title="Template talk:Aqidah"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aqidah" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aqidah"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinar_Dirham_Web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Dinar_Dirham_Web.jpg/220px-Dinar_Dirham_Web.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Dinar_Dirham_Web.jpg/330px-Dinar_Dirham_Web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Dinar_Dirham_Web.jpg/440px-Dinar_Dirham_Web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> coinage is one way of granting zakat.</figcaption></figure> Zakat (or Zakāh) is one of the five pillars of Islam. Zakat is the Arabic word for "Giving to Charity" or "Giving to the Needy".<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> Zakat is a form of <a href="/wiki/Almsgiving" class="mw-redirect" title="Almsgiving">almsgiving</a>, often collected by the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fvbb1-1">[1]</a> It is considered in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> a religious obligation,<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quranic</a> ranking, is next after prayer (<a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">salat</a>) in importance.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Eight heads of zakat are mentioned in the Quran. As one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a>, zakat is a religious duty for all <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> who meet the necessary criteria of wealth to help the needy.<a href="#cite_note-yaqaradxix-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> It is a mandatory charitable contribution, often considered to be a tax.<a href="#cite_note-tusi2010-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> The payment and disputes on zakat have played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">history of Islam</a>, notably during the <a href="/wiki/Ridda_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridda wars">Ridda wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mbonner15-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Zakat on wealth is based on the value of all of one's possessions.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> It is customarily 2.5% (or <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄40)<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> of a Muslim's total savings and wealth above a minimum amount known as <a href="/wiki/Nisab" title="Nisab">nisab</a> each lunar year,<a href="#cite_note-yaqaradawi-17">[16]</a> but Islamic scholars differ on how much nisab is and other aspects of zakat.<a href="#cite_note-yaqaradawi-17">[16]</a> According to Islamic doctrine, the collected amount should be paid to the poor and the needy, Zakat collectors, orphans, widows, those to be freed from slavery, the aged who cannot work to feed themselves, those in debt, <a href="/wiki/Fi_sabilillah" title="Fi sabilillah">in the cause of God</a> and to benefit the stranded traveller. Today, in most <a href="/wiki/Muslim-majority_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim-majority countries">Muslim-majority countries</a>, zakat contributions are voluntary, while in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, zakat is mandated and collected by the state (as of 2015).<a href="#cite_note-Marty-1996-p.320-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasan-19">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shias" class="mw-redirect" title="Shias">Shias</a>, unlike <a href="/wiki/Sunnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnis">Sunnis</a>, have traditionally regarded zakat as a private action, and they give zakat to <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a>-sponsored rather than state-sponsored collectors, but it is also obligatory for them.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> It came from Arabic root z-k-w (ز ك و), meaning to purify.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-fvbb1-1">[1]</a> Zakat is considered a way to purify one's income and wealth from sometimes worldly, impure ways of acquisition.<a href="#cite_note-fvbb1-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Sachiko_Murata" title="Sachiko Murata">Sachiko Murata</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Chittick" title="William Chittick">William Chittick</a>, "Just as ablutions purify the body and <a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">salat</a> purifies the soul (in Islam), so zakat purifies possessions and makes them pleasing to God."<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heck-28">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doctrine">Doctrine</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Doctrine">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quran">Quran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Quran">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> discusses charity in many verses, some of which relate to zakat. The word zakat, with the meaning used in Islam now, is found, for example, in <a href="/wiki/Sura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura">suras</a>: 7:156, 9:60, 19:31, 19:55, 21:73, 23:4, 27:3, 30:39, 31:4, and 41:7.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Zakat is found in the early <a href="/wiki/Medinan_sura" class="mw-redirect" title="Medinan sura">Medinan suras</a> and described as obligatory for Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Heck-28">[27]</a> It is given for the sake of salvation. Muslims believe those who give zakat can expect reward from God in the afterlife, while neglecting to give zakat can result in damnation. Zakat is considered part of the covenant between God and a Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-Heck-28">[27]</a> Verse 2:177 (the Clear Qur'an translation) sums up the Quranic view of charity and almsgiving (another name for zakat is the poor due): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Righteousness is not in turning your faces towards the east or the west. Rather, the righteous are those who believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Books, and the prophets; who give charity out of their cherished wealth to relatives, orphans, the poor, ˹needy˺ travellers, beggars, and for freeing captives; who establish prayer, pay alms-tax, and keep the pledges they make; and who are patient in times of suffering, adversity, and in ˹the heat of˺ battle. It is they who are true ˹in faith˺, and it is they who are mindful ˹of Allah˺. – 2:177</blockquote> According to <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a>, verse 9.5 of the Quran makes zakat one of three prerequisites for pagans to become Muslims: "but if they repent, establish prayers, and practice zakat they are your brethren in faith".<a href="#cite_note-yaqaradxix-8">[7]</a> The Quran also lists who should receive the benefits of zakat, discussed in more detail <a href="/wiki/Zak%C4%81t#Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakāt">below</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zysow-31">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadith">Hadith</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hadith">edit</a>]</div> Each of the most trusted <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> collections in Islam have a book dedicated to zakat. <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih Bukhari">Sahih Bukhari</a>'s Book 24,<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a>'s Book 12,<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu-Dawud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu-Dawud">Sunan Abu-Dawud</a>'s Book 9<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> discuss various aspects of zakat, including who must pay, how much, when and what. The 2.5% rate is also mentioned in the hadiths.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> The hadiths admonish those who do not give the zakat. According to the hadith, refusal to pay or mockery of those who pay zakat is a sign of <a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">hypocrisy</a>, and God will not accept the prayers of such people.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">sunna</a> also describes God's punishment for those who refuse or fail to pay zakat.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> On the <a href="/wiki/Qiyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiyama">day of Judgment</a>, those who did not give the zakat will be held accountable and punished.<a href="#cite_note-Zysow-31">[30]</a> The hadith contain advice on the state-authorized collection of the zakat. The collectors are required not to take more than what is due, and those who are paying the zakat are asked not to evade payment. The hadith also warn of punishment for those who take zakat when they are not eligible to receive it (see <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Distribution">Distribution</a> below).<a href="#cite_note-Zysow-31">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amount">Amount</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Amount">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Calculation_of_Zak%C4%81t" title="Calculation of Zakāt">Calculation of Zakāt</a></div> The amount of zakat to be paid by an individual depends on the amount of money and the type of assets the individual possesses. The Quran does not provide specific guidelines on which types of wealth are taxable under the zakat, nor does it specify percentages to be given. However, it clearly indicates to donate the "surplus" of one's income. But the customary practice in the Islamic world has been that the amount of zakat paid on <a href="/wiki/Financial_capital" title="Financial capital">capital assets</a> (e.g. money) is 2.5% (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄40).<a href="#cite_note-AhmedGianci-42">[41]</a> Zakat is additionally payable on <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> goods, <a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">precious metals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> at a rate varying between 2.5% and 20% (1/5), depending on the type of goods.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Zakat is usually payable on assets continuously owned over one lunar year that are in excess of the nisab, a minimum monetary value.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> However, Islamic scholars have disagreed on this issue. For example, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a> did not regard the nisab limit to be a pre-requisite for zakat, in the case of land crops, fruits and minerals.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Other differences between Islamic scholars on zakat and nisab are acknowledged as follows by Yusuf al-Qaradawi,<a href="#cite_note-yaqaradawi-17">[16]</a> <blockquote>Unlike prayers, we observe that even the ratio, the exemption, the kinds of wealth that are zakatable are subject to differences among scholars. Such differences have serious implications for Muslims at large when it comes to their application of the Islamic obligation of zakat. For example, some scholars consider the wealth of children and insane individuals zakatable, others don't. Some scholars consider all agricultural products zakatable, others restrict zakat to specific kinds only. Some consider debts zakatable, others don't. Similar differences exist for business assets and women's jewelry. Some require certain minimum (nisab) for zakatability, some don't. etc. The same kind of differences also exist about the disbursement of zakat.  – Shiekh Mahmud Shaltut<a href="#cite_note-yaqaradawi-17">[16]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failure_to_pay">Failure to pay</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Failure to pay">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slot_at_the_Zaouia_Moulay_Idriss_II_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Slot_at_the_Zaouia_Moulay_Idriss_II_1.jpg/220px-Slot_at_the_Zaouia_Moulay_Idriss_II_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Slot_at_the_Zaouia_Moulay_Idriss_II_1.jpg/330px-Slot_at_the_Zaouia_Moulay_Idriss_II_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Slot_at_the_Zaouia_Moulay_Idriss_II_1.jpg/440px-Slot_at_the_Zaouia_Moulay_Idriss_II_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2245" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A slot for giving zakat at the <a href="/wiki/Zaouia_Moulay_Idriss_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaouia Moulay Idriss II">Zaouia Moulay Idriss II</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez, Morocco</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a></figcaption></figure> The consequence of failure to pay zakat has been a subject of extensive legal debate in traditional Islamic jurisprudence, particularly when a Muslim is willing to pay zakat but refuses to pay it to a certain group or the state.<a href="#cite_note-Aghnides-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> According to classical jurists, if the collector is unjust in the collection of zakat but just in its distribution, the concealment of property from him is allowed.<a href="#cite_note-Aghnides-48">[47]</a> If, on the other hand, the collector is just in the collection but unjust in the distribution, the concealment of property from him is an obligation (wajib).<a href="#cite_note-Aghnides-48">[47]</a> Furthermore, if the zakat is concealed from a just collector because the property owner wanted to pay his zakat to the poor himself, they held that he should not be punished for it.<a href="#cite_note-Aghnides-48">[47]</a> If collection of zakat by force was not possible, use of military force to extract it was seen as justified, as was done by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Ridda_Wars" title="Ridda Wars">Ridda Wars</a>, on the argument that refusing to submit to just orders is a form of treason.<a href="#cite_note-Aghnides-48">[47]</a> However, Abu Hanifa, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school, disapproved of fighting when the property owners undertake to distribute the zakat to the poor themselves.<a href="#cite_note-Aghnides-48">[47]</a> Some classical jurists held the view that any Muslim who consciously refuses to pay zakat is an apostate, since the failure to believe that it is a religious duty (<a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">fard</a>) is a form of unbelief (<a href="/wiki/Kufr" class="mw-redirect" title="Kufr">kufr</a>), and should be killed.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aghnides205-52">[51]</a> However, prevailing opinion among classical jurists prescribed sanctions such as fines, imprisonment or corporal punishment.<a href="#cite_note-Aghnides-48">[47]</a> Some classical and contemporary scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Ibn_Rahwayh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh">Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh</a> and Yusuf al-Qaradawi have stated that the person who fails to pay Zakat should have the payment taken from them, along with half of his wealth.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Additionally, those who failed to pay the zakat would face God's punishment in the afterlife on the day of Judgment.<a href="#cite_note-Zysow-31">[30]</a> In modern states where zakat payment is compulsory, failure to pay is regulated by state law similarly to tax evasion.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Distribution">edit</a>]</div> According to the Quran's Surah <a href="/wiki/At-Tawba" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Tawba">Al-Tawba</a>, there are eight categories of people (asnaf) who qualify to benefit from zakat funds.<a href="#cite_note-mariff-54">[53]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Alms-tax is only for the poor and the needy, for those employed to administer it, for those whose hearts are attracted ˹to the faith˺, for ˹freeing˺ slaves, for those in debt, for Allah's cause, and for ˹needy˺ travellers. ˹This is˺ an obligation from Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/At-Tawbah" title="At-Tawbah">Surah At-Tawbah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/9?startingVerse=60">9:60</a></cite></div></blockquote> Islamic scholars have traditionally interpreted this verse as identifying the following eight categories of Muslim causes to be the proper recipients of zakat:<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a> <ol><li>Those living without means of livelihood (Al-Fuqarā'),<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a> the poor<a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a></li> <li>Those who cannot meet their basic needs (Al-Masākīn),<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a> the needy<a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a></li> <li>To zakat collectors (Al-Āmilīyn 'Alihā)<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a></li> <li>To persuade those sympathetic to or expected to <a href="/wiki/Convert_to_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Convert to Islam">convert to Islam</a> (Al-Mu'allafatu Qulūbuhum),<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a> recent converts to Islam,<a href="#cite_note-mariff-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weiss,_Anita_M._1986_80-57">[56]</a> and potential allies in the cause of Islam<a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-twj-58">[57]</a></li> <li>To free from <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> or servitude (Fir-Riqāb),<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a> slaves of Muslims who have or intend to free from their master [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] by means of a kitabah contract<a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-twj-58">[57]</a></li> <li>Those who have incurred overwhelming debts while attempting to satisfy their basic needs (Al-Ghārimīn),<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a> debtors who in pursuit of a worthy goal incurred a debt<a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a></li> <li>Those fighting for a religious cause or a cause of God (<a href="/wiki/Fi_sabilillah" title="Fi sabilillah">Fī Sabīlillāh</a>),<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a> or for <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> in the way of Allah by means of pen, word, or sword,<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> or for Islamic warriors who fight against the unbelievers but are not salaried soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-twj-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-RelianceoftheTraveller-60">[59]</a>: h8.17 </li> <li>Wayfarers, stranded travellers (Ibnu Al-Sabīl),<a href="#cite_note-mams-55">[54]</a> travellers who are traveling with a worthy goal but cannot reach their destination without financial assistance<a href="#cite_note-fvbb-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-twj-58">[57]</a></li></ol> Zakat should not be given to one's own parents, grandparents, children, grandchildren, spouses or the <a href="/wiki/Descendants_of_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Descendants of Muhammad">descendants of Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Visser-2009-p29-61">[60]</a> Neither the Quran nor the Hadiths specify the relative division of zakat into the above eight categories.<a href="#cite_note-masahikotimur-62">[61]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Reliance_of_the_Traveller" title="Reliance of the Traveller">Reliance of the Traveller</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> school requires zakat is to be distributed equally among the eight categories of recipients, while the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school permits zakat to be distributed to all the categories, some of them, or just one of them.<a href="#cite_note-RelianceoftheTraveller-60">[59]</a>: h8.7  Classical <a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Schools of Islamic law">schools of Islamic law</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a>, are unanimous that collectors of zakat are to be paid first, with the balance to be distributed equally amongst the remaining seven categories of recipients, even in cases where one group's need is more demanding.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Muslim scholars disagree whether zakat recipients can include non-Muslims. Islamic scholarship, historically, has taught that only Muslims can be recipients of zakat.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> In recent times, some state that zakat may be paid to non-Muslims after the needs of Muslims have been met, finding nothing in the Quran or sunna to indicate that zakat should be paid to Muslims only.<a href="#cite_note-Visser-2009-p29-61">[60]</a> Additionally, the zakat funds may be spent on the administration of a centralized zakat collection system.<a href="#cite_note-AhmedGianci-42">[41]</a> Representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a> include propagation of Islam and any struggle in righteous cause among permissible ways of spending, while others argue that zakat funds should be spent on social welfare and economic development projects, or science and technology education.<a href="#cite_note-Visser-2009-p29-61">[60]</a> Some hold spending them for defense to be permissible if a Muslim country is under attack.<a href="#cite_note-Visser-2009-p29-61">[60]</a> Also, it is forbidden to disburse zakat funds into investments instead of being given to one of the above eight categories of recipients.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_society">Role in society</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Role in society">edit</a>]</div> The zakat is considered by Muslims to be an act of piety through which one expresses concern for the well-being of fellow Muslims,<a href="#cite_note-Weiss,_Anita_M._1986_80-57">[56]</a> as well as preserving social harmony between the wealthy and the poor.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Zakat promotes a more equitable <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Redistribution of wealth">redistribution of wealth</a> and fosters a sense of solidarity amongst members of the <a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_practice">Historical practice</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical practice">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Taxation in the Ottoman Empire">Taxation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Taxes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adet-i_A%C4%9Fnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Adet-i Ağnam">Adet-i Ağnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adet-i_de%C5%9Ftbani" title="Adet-i deştbani">Adet-i deştbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashar" title="Ashar">Ashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar%C4%B1z" title="Avarız">Avarız</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bac-i_pazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bac-i pazar (page does not exist)">Bac-i pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedl-i_askeri" title="Bedl-i askeri">Bedl-i askeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Cizye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%BCrm-%C3%BC_cinayet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cürm-ü cinayet (page does not exist)">Cürm-ü cinayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damga_resmi" title="Damga resmi">Damga resmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCmr%C3%BCk_resmi" title="Gümrük resmi">Gümrük resmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hara%C3%A7" title="Haraç">Haraç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihtisab" title="Ihtisab">Ihtisab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispendje" title="Ispendje">Ispendje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istira (page does not exist)">Istira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maktu_(tax)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maktu (tax) (page does not exist)">Maktu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mururiye_resmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mururiye resmi (page does not exist)">Mururiye resmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskirat_resmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muskirat resmi">Muskirat resmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCz%C3%BCl" title="Nüzül">Nüzül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otlak_resmi" title="Otlak resmi">Otlak resmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rav_ak%C3%A7esi" title="Rav akçesi">Rav akçesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resm-i_arusane" title="Resm-i arusane">Resm-i arusane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resm-i_benn%C3%A2k" title="Resm-i bennâk">Resm-i bennâk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resm-i_bostan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resm-i bostan (page does not exist)">Resm-i bostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resm-i_%C3%A7ift" title="Resm-i çift">Resm-i çift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resm-i_d%C3%B6n%C3%BCm" title="Resm-i dönüm">Resm-i dönüm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resm-i_filori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resm-i filori (page does not exist)">Resm-i filori</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resm-i_ganem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resm-i ganem (page does not exist)">Resm-i ganem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resm-i_h%C4%B1nz%C4%B1r" title="Resm-i hınzır">Resm-i hınzır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resm-i_m%C3%BCcerred" title="Resm-i mücerred">Resm-i mücerred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resm-i_sicill" title="Resm-i sicill">Resm-i sicill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusum-e-eflak" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusum-e-eflak">Rusum-e-eflak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selamet_isni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selamet isni (page does not exist)">Selamet isni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapu_resmi" title="Tapu resmi">Tapu resmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekalif-i_orfiye" title="Tekalif-i orfiye">Tekalif-i orfiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temettu" title="Temettu">Temettu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuz_resmi" title="Tuz resmi">Tuz resmi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zakat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Implementation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahidn%C3%A2me" title="Ahidnâme">Ahidnâme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defter" title="Defter">Defter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emin_(Ottoman_official)" title="Emin (Ottoman official)">Emin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evkaf-i_H%C3%BCmayun_Nezareti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evkaf-i Hümayun Nezareti (page does not exist)">Evkaf-i Hümayun Nezareti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazine-i_Hassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazine-i Hassa (page does not exist)">Hazine-i Hassa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazine-i_Amire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazine-i Amire (page does not exist)">Hazine-i Amire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hane_(household)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hane (household) (page does not exist)">Hane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iltizam" title="Iltizam">Iltizam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istira (page does not exist)">Istira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadı">Kadı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanun-i_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanun-i Raya (page does not exist)">Kanun-i Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanunname" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanunname">Kanunname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik%C3%A2ne" title="Malikâne">Malikâne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdiban" title="Merdiban">Merdiban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Millet (Ottoman Empire)">Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muafiyet" title="Muafiyet">Muafiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhassil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhassil (page does not exist)">Muhassil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqata%27ah" title="Muqata'ah">Muqata'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCtesellim" title="Mütesellim">Mütesellim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Public_Debt_Administration" title="Ottoman Public Debt Administration">Ottoman Public Debt Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regie_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Regie Company">Regie Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siyakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siyakat (page does not exist)">Siyakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCrsat" title="Sürsat">Sürsat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahrir_(tax_survey)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahrir (tax survey) (page does not exist)">Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxation_in_the_Ottoman_Empire_sidebar" title="Template:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taxation_in_the_Ottoman_Empire_sidebar" title="Template talk:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taxation_in_the_Ottoman_Empire_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Zakat, an Islamic practice initiated by the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic prophet">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, was first collected on the first day of <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> It has played an important role throughout its history.<a href="#cite_note-Weiss-1986-p81-68">[67]</a> Schact suggests that the idea of zakat may have entered Islam from Judaism, with roots in the Hebrew and Aramaic word zakut.<a href="#cite_note-Heck-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-yaqara-69">[68]</a> However, some Islamic scholars<a href="#cite_note-yaqara-69">[68]</a> disagree that the Qur'anic verses on zakat (or zakah) have roots in Judaism.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, believed by <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> Muslims to be Muhammad's successor, was the first to institute a statutory zakat system.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Abu Bakr established the principle that the zakat must be paid to the legitimate representative of Muhammad's authority (i.e. himself).<a href="#cite_note-Weiss-1986-p81-68">[67]</a> However certain tribes refused to pay zakat while staying under the name of Islam which was considered <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostasy</a> and led ultimately, to the <a href="/wiki/Ridda_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridda wars">Ridda wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mbonner15-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weiss-1986-p81-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> The second and third caliphs, <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar ibn al-Khattab">Umar ibn al-Khattab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uthman_ibn_Affan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman ibn Affan">Uthman ibn Affan</a>, continued Abu Bakr's codification of the zakat.<a href="#cite_note-Weiss-1986-p81-68">[67]</a> Uthman also modified the zakat collection protocol by decreeing that only "apparent" wealth was taxable, which had the effect of limiting zakat to mostly being paid on agricultural land and produce.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abu_Talib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abu Talib">Ali ibn Abu Talib</a>, the issue of zakat was tied to legitimacy of his government. After Ali, his supporters refused to pay zakat to <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Muawiyah I</a>, as they did not recognize his legitimacy.<a href="#cite_note-Weiss-1986-p81-68">[67]</a> The practice of Islamic state-administered zakat was short-lived in Medina. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar bin Abdul Aziz">Umar bin Abdul Aziz</a> (717–720 CE), it is reported that no one in Medina needed the zakat. After him, zakat came more to be considered as an individual responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-Weiss-1986-p81-68">[67]</a> This view changed over Islamic history. Sunni Muslims and rulers, for example, considered collection and disbursement of zakat as one of the functions of an Islamic state; this view has continued in modern Islamic countries.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Zakat is one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_pillars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Five pillars of Islam">five pillars of Islam</a>, and in various Islamic polities of the past was expected to be paid by all practising Muslims who have the financial means (<a href="/wiki/Nisab" title="Nisab">nisab</a>).<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In addition to their zakat obligations, Muslims were encouraged to make voluntary contributions (<a href="/wiki/Sadaqat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadaqat">sadaqat</a>).<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> The zakat was not collected from non-Muslims, although they were required to pay the <a href="/wiki/Jizyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jizyah">jizyah</a> tax.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Depending on the region, the dominant portion of zakat went typically to Amil (the zakat collectors) or Sabīlillāh (those fighting for religious cause, the caretaker of local mosque, or those working in the cause of God such as proselytizing non-Muslims to convert to Islam).<a href="#cite_note-masahikotimur-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-marty321-79">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_practice">Contemporary practice</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Contemporary practice">edit</a>]</div> According to the researcher Russell Powell in 2010, zakat was mandatory by state law in Libya, Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/Zakat_Council" title="Zakat Council">Pakistan</a>, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Yemen. There were government-run voluntary zakat contribution programs in Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Maldives and the United Arab Emirates.<a href="#cite_note-Powell-80">[79]</a> In a 2019 study conducted by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding that examined philanthropy for American Muslims in comparison to other faith and non-faith groups, it was found that for American Muslims, Zakat was an important driver of charitable giving. This results in American Muslims being the most likely faith group studied to be motivated to donate based on a believed religious obligation (zakat), and a "feeling that those with more should help those with less", referencing again the concept and religious imperative behind Zakat.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zakat_status_in_Muslim_countries">Zakat status in Muslim countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Zakat status in Muslim countries">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td>Mandatory </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td>Mandatory </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>Mandatory </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td>Mandatory </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td>Mandatory </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td> <td>Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td>Voluntary </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td>Mandatory </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="#cite_note-Powell-80">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collection">Collection</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Collection">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zakat_Donation_Box_in_Taipei_Mosque_20190519.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Zakat_Donation_Box_in_Taipei_Mosque_20190519.jpg/220px-Zakat_Donation_Box_in_Taipei_Mosque_20190519.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Zakat_Donation_Box_in_Taipei_Mosque_20190519.jpg/330px-Zakat_Donation_Box_in_Taipei_Mosque_20190519.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Zakat_Donation_Box_in_Taipei_Mosque_20190519.jpg/440px-Zakat_Donation_Box_in_Taipei_Mosque_20190519.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Zakat <a href="/wiki/Donation_box" title="Donation box">donation box</a> at <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Grand_Mosque" title="Taipei Grand Mosque">Taipei Grand Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan</figcaption></figure> Today, in most Muslim countries, Zakat is at the discretion of Muslims over how and whether to pay, typically enforced by fear of God, peer pressure and an individual's personal feelings.<a href="#cite_note-Marty-1996-p.320-18">[17]</a> Among the Sunni Muslims, Zakat committees, linked to a religious cause or local mosque, collect zakat.<a href="#cite_note-Clark-82">[81]</a> Among the Shia Muslims, deputies on behalf of Imams collect the zakat.<a href="#cite_note-naserg-83">[82]</a> In six of the 47 Muslim-majority countries—Libya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen—zakat is obligatory and collected by the state.<a href="#cite_note-Marty-1996-p.320-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasan-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Behdad-Nomani-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, the zakat is regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> The states where Zakat is compulsory differ in their definition of the base for zakat computation.<a href="#cite_note-Behdad-Nomani-84">[83]</a> Zakat is generally levied on livestock (except in Pakistan) and agricultural produce, although the types of taxable livestock and produce differ from country to country.<a href="#cite_note-Behdad-Nomani-84">[83]</a> Zakat is imposed on cash and precious metals in four countries with different methods of assessment.<a href="#cite_note-Behdad-Nomani-84">[83]</a> Income is subject to zakat in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia, while only Sudan imposes zakat on "wealth that yields income".<a href="#cite_note-Behdad-Nomani-84">[83]</a> In Pakistan, property is exempt from the zakat calculation basis, and the compulsory zakat is primarily collected from the agriculture sector.<a href="#cite_note-marty321-79">[78]</a> Under compulsory systems of zakat tax collection, such as Malaysia and Pakistan, evasion is very common and the zakat (alms tax) is <a href="/wiki/Regressive_tax" title="Regressive tax">regressive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marty-1996-p.320-18">[17]</a> A considerable number of Muslims accept their duty to pay zakat, but deny that the state has a right to levy it, and they may pay zakat voluntarily while evading official collection.<a href="#cite_note-Behdad-Nomani-84">[83]</a> In discretion-based systems of collection, studies suggest zakat is collected from and paid only by a fraction of Muslim population who can pay.<a href="#cite_note-Marty-1996-p.320-18">[17]</a> In the United Kingdom, which has a Muslim minority, more than three out of ten Muslims gave to charity (Zakat being described as "the Muslim practice of charitable donations"), according to a 2013 poll of 4000 people.<a href="#cite_note-nbc-87">[86]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Self-report_study" title="Self-report study">self-reported poll</a>, British Muslims, on average, gave US$567 to charity in 2013, compared to $412 for <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>, $308 for <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestants</a>, $272 for <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholics</a> and $177 for <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nbc-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution_2">Distribution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Distribution">edit</a>]</div> The primary sources of sharia also do not specify to whom the zakat should be paid – to zakat collectors claiming to represent one class of zakat beneficiary (for example, poor), collectors who were representing religious bodies, or collectors representing the Islamic state.<a href="#cite_note-masahikotimur-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> This has caused significant conflicts and allegations of zakat abuse within the Islamic community, both historically<a href="#cite_note-masahikotimur-62">[61]</a> and in modern times.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> Fi Sabillillah is the most prominent asnaf in Southeast Asian Muslim societies, where it broadly construed to include funding missionary work, Quranic schools and anything else that serves the Islamic community (ummah) in general.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_society_2">Role in society</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Role in society">edit</a>]</div> In 2012, Islamic financial analysts estimated annual zakat spending between US$200 billion and US$1 trillion per year, which would be at least 15 times more than global humanitarian aid tracked by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-irinnews.org-91">[90]</a> Islamic scholars and development workers state that much of this zakat practice is mismanaged, wasted or ineffective.<a href="#cite_note-irinnews.org-91">[90]</a> About a quarter of the Muslim world<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> continues to live on $1.25 a day or less, according to the 2012 report.<a href="#cite_note-irinnews.org-91">[90]</a> A 1999 study of Sudan and Pakistan, where zakat is mandated by the state, estimated that zakat proceeds ranged between 0.3 and 0.5 percent of GDP, while a more recent report put zakat proceeds in Malaysia at 0.1% of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-Behdad-Nomani-84">[83]</a> These numbers are far below what was expected when the governments of these countries tried to Islamize their economies, and the collected amount is too small to have a sizeable macroeconomic effect.<a href="#cite_note-Behdad-Nomani-84">[83]</a> In a 2014 study,<a href="#cite_note-zakatwaqf-93">[92]</a> Nasim Shirazi states widespread poverty persists in Islamic world despite zakat collections every year. Over 70% of the Muslim population in most Muslim countries is impoverished and lives on less than US$2 per day. In over 10 Muslim-majority countries, over 50% of the population lived on less than $1.25 per day income, states Shirazi.<a href="#cite_note-zakatwaqf-93">[92]</a> Zakat has so far failed to relieve large scale absolute poverty among Muslims in most Muslim countries.<a href="#cite_note-zakatwaqf-93">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_terms">Related terms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Related terms">edit</a>]</div> Zakat is required of Muslims only. For non-Muslims living in an Islamic state, <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> was historically seen as mandating <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a> (poll tax).<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Other forms of taxation on Muslims or non-Muslims, that have been used in Islamic history, include <a href="/wiki/Kharaj" title="Kharaj">kharaj</a> (land tax),<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">khums</a> (tax on booty and loot seized from non-Muslims, sudden wealth),<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> ushur (tax at state border, sea port, and each city border on goods movement, customs),<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> kari (house tax)<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> and chari (sometimes called maara, pasture tax).<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> There are differences in the interpretation and scope of zakat and other related taxes in various sects of Islam. For example, <a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">khums</a> is interpreted differently by <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunnis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shi%27ites" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'ites">Shi'ites</a>, with Shia expected to pay one fifth of their excess income after expenses as khums, while Sunnis do not.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> At least a tenth part of zakat and khums every year, among Shi'ites, after its collection by Imam and his religious deputies under its doctrine of niyaba, goes as income for its hierarchical system of Shia clergy.<a href="#cite_note-naserg-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Among <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Ismaili</a> sub-sect of Shias, the mandatory taxes which includes zakat, is called dasond, and 20% of the collected amount is set aside as income for the Imams.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Some branches of Shia Islam treat the right to lead as Imam and right to receive 20% of collected zakat and other alms as a hereditary right of its clergy.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Sadaqah is another related term for charity, usually construed as a discretionary counterpart to zakat.<a href="#cite_note-MIC-145-104">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zakat_al-Fitr">Zakat al-Fitr</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Zakat al-Fitr">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Zakat_al-Fitr" title="Zakat al-Fitr">Zakat al-Fitr</a></div> Zakat al-Fitr or Sadaqat al-Fitr<a href="#cite_note-Hidaya-105">[104]</a> is another, smaller charitable obligation, mandatory for all Muslims—male or female, minor or adult as long as he/she has the means to do so—that is traditionally paid at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic holy month</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-mb2008-107">[106]</a> The collected amount is used to pay the zakat collectors and to the poor Muslims so that they may be provided with a means to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Fitr">'Eid al-Fitr</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festival</a> of breaking the fast) following Ramadan, along with the rest of the Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> Zakat al-Fitr is a fixed amount assessed per person, while Zakat al mal is based on personal income and property.<a href="#cite_note-mb2008-107">[106]</a> According to one source, the Hidaya Foundation, the suggested Zakat al Fitr donation is based on the price of 1 Saa (approx. 3 kg) of rice or wheat at local costs, (as of 2015, approximately $7.00 in the U.S.).<a href="#cite_note-Hidaya-105">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Economics" title="Portal:Economics">Economics portal</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Islam related</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Islamic economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_taxes" title="Islamic taxes">Islamic taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qard_al-Hasan" title="Qard al-Hasan">Qard al-Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat_Council" title="Zakat Council">Zakat Council</a> (Pakistan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitrana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitrana">Fitrana</a>, a different form of zakat which follows the pillar of <a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Sawm</a> (fasting in <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Charity practices in other religions</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvandh" title="Dasvandh">Dasvandh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_tithe" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor tithe">Poor tithe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">Tithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithes_in_Judaism" title="Tithes in Judaism">Tithes in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithing_in_Mormonism" title="Tithing in Mormonism">Tithing in Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa" title="Zidqa">Zidqa</a>, almsgiving in Mandaeism</li></ul> <dl><dt>Related contemporary topics</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">Remittance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawala" title="Hawala">Hawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_value_transfer_system" title="Informal value transfer system">Informal value transfer system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">Wealth tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Afghanistan" title="Animal husbandry in Afghanistan">Animal husbandry in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: زكاة <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[zæˈkæː(h)]</a>, "that which purifies"<a href="#cite_note-fvbb1-1">[1]</a>/"<a href="/wiki/Alms" title="Alms">alms</a>," also Zakāt al-māl <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[zæˈkæːt ælˈmæːl]</a> زكاة المال, "zakat on wealth",<a href="#cite_note-Life-2">[2]</a> or Zakāt in the <a href="/wiki/Construct_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Construct case">construct case</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fvbb1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fvbb1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fvbb1_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fvbb1_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fvbb1_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBenda-Beckmann,_Franz_von2007" class="citation book cs1">Benda-Beckmann, Franz von (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fVw6QB-kTYwC&pg=PA167">Social security between past and future: Ambonese networks of care and support</a>. LIT Verlag, Münster. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-0718-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-0718-4"><bdi>978-3-8258-0718-4</bdi></a>. <q>Zakat literally means 'that which purifies'. It is a form of sacrifice which purifies worldly goods from their worldly and sometimes impure means of acquisition, and which, according to God's wish, must be channeled towards the community.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+security+between+past+and+future%3A+Ambonese+networks+of+care+and+support&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag%2C+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-0718-4&rft.au=Benda-Beckmann%2C+Franz+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfVw6QB-kTYwC%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Life-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Life_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006205721/http://www.lifeusa.org/site/PageServer?pagename=r_zakah">"Zakat Al-Maal (Tithing)"</a>. Life USA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeusa.org/site/PageServer?pagename=r_zakah">the original</a> on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Life+USA&rft.atitle=Zakat+Al-Maal+%28Tithing%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeusa.org%2Fsite%2FPageServer%3Fpagename%3Dr_zakah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islam101.com/dawah/zakah.htm">"Zakah"</a>. www.islam101.com. Retrieved 20 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islam101.com&rft.atitle=Zakah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam101.com%2Fdawah%2Fzakah.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalehi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Salehi, M. (2014). "A Study on the Influences of Islamic Values on Iranian Accounting Practice and Development". Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance. 10 (2): 154–182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12816%2F0025175">10.12816/0025175</a>. <q>Zakat is a religious tax that every Muslim has to pay.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Islamic+Economics%2C+Banking+and+Finance&rft.atitle=A+Study+on+the+Influences+of+Islamic+Values+on+Iranian+Accounting+Practice+and+Development&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=154-182&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12816%2F0025175&rft.aulast=Salehi&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessy2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lessy, Z. (2009). "Zakat (almsgiving) management in Indonesia: Whose job should it be?". La Riba Journal Ekonomi Islam. 3 (1). <q>Zakat is alms-giving and religiously obligatory tax.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Riba+Journal+Ekonomi+Islam&rft.atitle=Zakat+%28almsgiving%29+management+in+Indonesia%3A+Whose+job+should+it+be%3F&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Lessy&rft.aufirst=Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallaq2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wael_B._Hallaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Wael B. Hallaq">Hallaq, Wael</a> (2013). The impossible state: Islam, politics, and modernity's moral predicament. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231162562" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231162562"><bdi>978-0231162562</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+impossible+state%3A+Islam%2C+politics%2C+and+modernity%27s+moral+predicament&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0231162562&rft.aulast=Hallaq&rft.aufirst=Wael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yaqaradxix-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yaqaradxix_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yaqaradxix_8-1">b</a> Yusuf al-Qaradawi (1999), Monzer Kahf (transl.), Fiqh az-Zakat, Dar al Taqwa, London, Volume 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-5062-766" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-5062-766">978-967-5062-766</a>, p. xix. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308072231/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/ataglance/glance.shtml">"Islam: Islam at a glance"</a>. BBC – Religions. 8 March 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/ataglance/glance.shtml">the original</a> on 8 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Islam+at+a+glance&rft.pub=BBC+%E2%80%93+Religions&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fislam%2Fataglance%2Fglance.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tusi2010-10"><a href="#cite_ref-tusi2010_10-0">^</a> Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ṭūsī (2010), Concise Description of Islamic Law and Legal Opinions, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1904063292" title="Special:BookSources/978-1904063292">978-1904063292</a>, pp. 131–135. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHefner_R.W.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hefner R.W. (2006). "Islamic economics and global capitalism". Society. 44 (1): 16–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf02690463">10.1007/bf02690463</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153432583">153432583</a>. <q>Zakat is a tax levied on income and wealth for the purpose of their purification.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society&rft.atitle=Islamic+economics+and+global+capitalism&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-22&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf02690463&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153432583%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Hefner+R.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mbonner15-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mbonner15_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mbonner15_12-1">b</a> Bonner, Michael (2003), Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts, State University of New York Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791457382" title="Special:BookSources/978-0791457382">978-0791457382</a>, p. 15: "In the old Arabic narratives about the early Muslim community and its conquests and quarrels, zakat and sadaqa loom large at several moments of crisis. These include the beginning of Muhammad's prophetic career in Mecca, when what appear to be the earliest pieces of scripture insist on almsgiving more than any other human activity. These moments of crisis also include the wars of the ridda or apostasy in C.E. 632–634, just after Muhammad's death. At that time most of the Arabs throughout the peninsula refused to continue paying zakat (now a kind of tax) to the central authority in Medina; Abu Bakr, upon assuming the leadership, swore he would force them all to pay this zakat, "even if they refuse me only a [camel's] hobble of it," and sent armies that subdued these rebels or "apostates" in large-scale battles that were soon followed by the great Islamic conquests beyond the Arabian peninsula itself." </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Elias_Shoufani" title="Elias Shoufani">Shoufani, Elias</a> (1973), Al-Riddah and the Muslim Conquest of Arabia, University of Toronto Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802019158" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802019158">978-0802019158</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Décobert, C. (1991), Le mendiant et le combattant, L’institution de l’islam, Paris: Éditions du Seuil, pp. 238–240. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Medani Ahmed and Sebastian Gianci, Zakat, Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy, p. 479, quote: "As one of the Islam's five pillars, zakat becomes an obligation due when, over a lunar year, one controls a combination of income and wealth equal to or above <a href="/wiki/Nisaab" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisaab">Nisaab</a>." </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="H_918" class="citation book cs1">Sarwar, Muhammad (2015). al-Kafi Volume 1 of 8 (2nd ed.). New York: The Islamic Seminary Inc. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9914308-6-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9914308-6-4"><bdi>978-0-9914308-6-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=al-Kafi+Volume+1+of+8&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=345&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=The+Islamic+Seminary+Inc.&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9914308-6-4&rft.aulast=Sarwar&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yaqaradawi-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yaqaradawi_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yaqaradawi_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yaqaradawi_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yaqaradawi_17-3">d</a> Yusuf al-Qaradawi (1999), Monzer Kahf (transl.) King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monzer.kahf.com/books/english/fiqhalzakah_vol1.pdf">Fiqh az-Zakat, Volume 1</a>, Dar al -Taqwa, London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-5062-766" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-5062-766">978-967-5062-766</a>, pp. xxi–xxii. </li> <li id="cite_note-Marty-1996-p.320-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marty-1996-p.320_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marty-1996-p.320_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marty-1996-p.320_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marty-1996-p.320_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marty-1996-p.320_18-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarty,_Martin_E.Appleby,_R._Scott1996" class="citation book cs1">Marty, Martin E. & Appleby, R. Scott (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=doCmVaOnh_wC&pg=PA320">Fundamentalisms and the state: remaking polities, economies, and militance</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-50884-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-50884-9"><bdi>978-0-226-50884-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentalisms+and+the+state%3A+remaking+polities%2C+economies%2C+and+militance&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-226-50884-9&rft.au=Marty%2C+Martin+E.&rft.au=Appleby%2C+R.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdoCmVaOnh_wC%26pg%3DPA320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hasan-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hasan_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hasan_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamiul_Hasan2015" class="citation book cs1">Samiul Hasan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-JVwCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130">Human Security and Philanthropy: Islamic Perspectives and Muslim Majority Country Practices</a>. Springer. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1493925254" title="Special:BookSources/978-1493925254"><bdi>978-1493925254</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Security+and+Philanthropy%3A+Islamic+Perspectives+and+Muslim+Majority+Country+Practices&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1493925254&rft.au=Samiul+Hasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-JVwCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_Owen_Bennett2003" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Owen Bennett (2003). Pakistan: Eye of the Storm (illustrated ed.). Yale University Press. pp. 21–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300101478" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300101478"><bdi>978-0300101478</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Eye+of+the+Storm&rft.pages=21-23&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0300101478&rft.au=Jones%2C+Owen+Bennett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn,_Wilson2009" class="citation book cs1">John, Wilson (2009). John, Wilson (ed.). Pakistan: The Struggle Within. Pearson Education India. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8131725047" title="Special:BookSources/978-8131725047"><bdi>978-8131725047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+The+Struggle+Within&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-8131725047&rft.au=John%2C+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumaraswamy,_P._R.Copland,_Ian2013" class="citation book cs1">Kumaraswamy, P. R.; Copland, Ian (18 October 2013). Kumaraswamy, P.R.; Copland, Ian (eds.). South Asia: The Spectre of Terrorism. Routledge. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317967736" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317967736"><bdi>978-1317967736</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asia%3A+The+Spectre+of+Terrorism&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.isbn=978-1317967736&rft.au=Kumaraswamy%2C+P.+R.&rft.au=Copland%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cal.huc.edu/oneentry.php?lemma=zkw+N&cits=all">"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon"</a>. cal.huc.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cal.huc.edu&rft.atitle=The+Comprehensive+Aramaic+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcal.huc.edu%2Foneentry.php%3Flemma%3Dzkw%2BN%26cits%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Ridgeon, Lloyd (2003), Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415297967" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415297967">978-0415297967</a>, pp. 258: "The Quranic term zakat came to signify a form of obligatory charity or alms tax that was seen as a means of purifying the believer's wealth." </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean,_H.Khan,_Z.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Dean, H. & Khan, Z. (1998). "Islam: A challenge to welfare professionalism". Journal of Interprofessional Care. 12 (4): 399–405. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F13561829809024947">10.3109/13561829809024947</a>. <q>Zakat purifies the wealth of the individual</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interprofessional+Care&rft.atitle=Islam%3A+A+challenge+to+welfare+professionalism&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=399-405&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F13561829809024947&rft.au=Dean%2C+H.&rft.au=Khan%2C+Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/9?startingVerse=103">9:103</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Murata, S. and Chittick, W. C. (1994), The vision of Islam, IB Tauris, London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1557785169" title="Special:BookSources/978-1557785169">978-1557785169</a>, p. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-Heck-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heck_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heck_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heck_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heck_28-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeck2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Heck, Paul L. (2006). "Taxation". In <a href="/wiki/Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe" title="Jane Dammen McAuliffe">McAuliffe, Jane Dammen</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_the_Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an">Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an</a>. Vol. 5. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14743-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14743-0"><bdi>978-90-04-14743-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taxation&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Qur%27an&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-14743-0&rft.aulast=Heck&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Yusuf al-Qaradawi (1999), Monzer Kahf (transl.), Fiqh az-Zakat, Dar al Taqwa, London, Volume 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-5062-766" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-5062-766">978-967-5062-766</a>, p. xl, "Qur'an used the word zakah, in the meaning known to Muslims now, as early as the beginning of the Makkan period. This is found in Suras: 7:156, 19:31 and 55, 21:72, 23:4, 27:7, 30:39, 31:3, and 41:7." </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> The English translation of these verses can be read here <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160810145129/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/">"Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/">the original</a> on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+for+Muslim-Jewish+Engagement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Forg%2Fcmje%2Freligious-texts%2Fquran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988">, University of Southern California </li> <li id="cite_note-Zysow-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zysow_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zysow_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zysow_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zysow_31-3">d</a> A. Zysow, "Zakāt." Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari/24">"Sahih al-Bukhari"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sahih+al-Bukhari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbukhari%2F24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988">, Book: 24 – Obligatory Charity Tax (Zakat) at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com">"sunnah.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=sunnah.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/024-sbt.php">Obligatory Charity Tax (Zakat)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204164402/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/024-sbt.php">Archived</a> 4 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sahih Bukhari, University of Southern California </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/muslim/12">"Sahih Muslim"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sahih+Muslim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fmuslim%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988">, Book: 12 – The Book of Zakat at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com">"sunnah.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=sunnah.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/muslim/005-smt.php">The Book of Zakat (Kitab Al-Zakat)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204164518/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/muslim/005-smt.php">Archived</a> 4 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sahih Muslim, University of Southern California </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/abudawud/9">"Sunan Abi Dawud"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunan+Abi+Dawud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fabudawud%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988">, Book: 9 – Zakat (Kitab Al-Zakat) at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com">"sunnah.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=sunnah.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/009-sat.php">Zakat (Kitab Al-Zakat)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204164401/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/009-sat.php">Archived</a> 4 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sunan Abu-Dawood, University of Southern California </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawood">Sunan Abu Dawood</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/009-sat.php#009.1568">9:1568</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/muslim/12/28">"Book:12, Hadith:28"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book%3A12%2C+Hadith%3A28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fmuslim%2F12%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988">, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/muslim/12/92">"Book: 12, Hadith: 92"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book%3A+12%2C+Hadith%3A+92&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fmuslim%2F12%2F92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/muslim/005-smt.php#005.2161">5:2161</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/muslim/005-smt.php#005.2223">5:2223</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/024-sbt.php#002.024.486">2:24:486</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-AhmedGianci-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AhmedGianci_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AhmedGianci_42-1">b</a> Medani Ahmed and Sebastian Gianci, "Zakat", Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy, pp. 479–481 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuran,_Timur1996" class="citation book cs1">Kuran, Timur (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=doCmVaOnh_wC&pg=PA318">"The Economic Impact of Islamic Fundamentalism"</a>. In Marty; Martin E.; Appleby, R. Scott (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismss00mart/page/318">Fundamentalisms and the state: remaking polities, economies, and militance</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismss00mart/page/318">318</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-50884-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-50884-9"><bdi>978-0-226-50884-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Impact+of+Islamic+Fundamentalism&rft.btitle=Fundamentalisms+and+the+state%3A+remaking+polities%2C+economies%2C+and+militance&rft.pages=318&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-226-50884-9&rft.au=Kuran%2C+Timur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdoCmVaOnh_wC%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuran,_Timur2010" class="citation book cs1">Kuran, Timur (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VkIJGPNzVIIC&pg=PA19">Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism</a>. 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ISIM Newsletter. 98 (1): 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ISIM+Newsletter&rft.atitle=The+Qur%27an%27s+Call+to+Alms+Zakat%2C+the+Muslim+Tradition+of+Alms-giving&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13&rft.au=Benthal%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenaccess.leidenuniv.nl%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1887%2F16762%2FISIM_1_The_Qur-an-s_Call_to_Alms_Zakat_the_Muslim_Tradition_of_Alms-giving.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/126393/">"حكم استثمار أموال الزكاة والصدقات – إسلام ويب – مركز الفتوى"</a>. www.islamweb.net (in Arabic).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islamweb.net&rft.atitle=%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA+%E2%80%93+%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85+%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8+%E2%80%93+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamweb.net%2Far%2Ffatwa%2F126393%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott,_James_C.1985" class="citation book cs1">Scott, James C. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=THCcW1gCe_QC&pg=PA171">Weapons of the weak: everyday forms of peasant resistance</a>. Yale University Press. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-03641-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-03641-1"><bdi>978-0-300-03641-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weapons+of+the+weak%3A+everyday+forms+of+peasant+resistance&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-300-03641-1&rft.au=Scott%2C+James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTHCcW1gCe_QC%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJawad,_Rana2009" class="citation book cs1">Jawad, Rana (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-NXbIU5KwUgC&pg=PA60">Social welfare and religion in the Middle East: a Lebanese perspective</a>. The Policy Press. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86134-953-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86134-953-8"><bdi>978-1-86134-953-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+welfare+and+religion+in+the+Middle+East%3A+a+Lebanese+perspective&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=The+Policy+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-86134-953-8&rft.au=Jawad%2C+Rana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-NXbIU5KwUgC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeyshabouri" class="citation web cs1">Neyshabouri, Abd al-Husayn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ketaab.iec-md.org/TAARIKH/taqvim_shia_neyshaaboori_01.html#2">"Shia Calendar"</a>. Washington Islamic Education Center. Retrieved 16 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Islamic+Education+Center&rft.atitle=Shia+Calendar&rft.aulast=Neyshabouri&rft.aufirst=Abd+al-Husayn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fketaab.iec-md.org%2FTAARIKH%2Ftaqvim_shia_neyshaaboori_01.html%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weiss-1986-p81-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss-1986-p81_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss-1986-p81_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss-1986-p81_68-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss-1986-p81_68-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss-1986-p81_68-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss-1986-p81_68-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss,_Anita_M.1986" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Anita M. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ROJZ5yt6O94C&pg=PA81">Islamic reassertion in Pakistan: the application of Islamic laws in a modern state</a>. Syracuse University Press. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2375-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2375-5"><bdi>978-0-8156-2375-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+reassertion+in+Pakistan%3A+the+application+of+Islamic+laws+in+a+modern+state&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-2375-5&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Anita+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DROJZ5yt6O94C%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yaqara-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yaqara_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yaqara_69-1">b</a> Yusuf al-Qaradawi (1999), Monzer Kahf (transl.), Fiqh az-Zakat, Dar al Taqwa, London, Volume 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-5062-766" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-5062-766">978-967-5062-766</a>, pp. xxxix–xl </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> See the discussion about Children of Israel in verses Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/9?startingVerse=60">9:60-66</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawting,_Gerald_R.2006" class="citation book cs1">Hawting, Gerald R., ed. 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"Religious authority and the new media". Theory, Culture & Society. 24 (2): 117–134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0263276407075001">10.1177/0263276407075001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145564662">145564662</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theory%2C+Culture+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Religious+authority+and+the+new+media&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=117-134&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0263276407075001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145564662%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Turner%2C+Bryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHashmi,_Sohail_H.2010" class="citation book cs1">Hashmi, Sohail H. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VyzuGet8080C&pg=PA202">"The Problem of Poverty in Islamic Ethics"</a>. In Galston; William A.; Hoffenberg, Peter H. (eds.). Poverty and Morality: Religious and Secular Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-12734-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-12734-9"><bdi>978-0-521-12734-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Problem+of+Poverty+in+Islamic+Ethics&rft.btitle=Poverty+and+Morality%3A+Religious+and+Secular+Perspectives&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-12734-9&rft.au=Hashmi%2C+Sohail+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVyzuGet8080C%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Faiz Mohammad (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41259525">"Prospects of Poverty Eradication Through the Existing 'Zakat' System in Pakistan"</a>, The Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1119–1129 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamimi,_Azzam2001" class="citation book cs1">Tamimi, Azzam (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b6GhV3Eu5OAC&pg=PA140">Rachid Ghannouchi: a democrat within Islamism</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514000-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514000-2"><bdi>978-0-19-514000-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rachid+Ghannouchi%3A+a+democrat+within+Islamism&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514000-2&rft.au=Tamimi%2C+Azzam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db6GhV3Eu5OAC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogle,_Emory_C.1998" class="citation book cs1">Bogle, Emory C. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IpFhLDUw20gC&pg=PA31">Islam: origin and belief</a>. University of Texas Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-70862-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-70862-4"><bdi>978-0-292-70862-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+origin+and+belief&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-292-70862-4&rft.au=Bogle%2C+Emory+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIpFhLDUw20gC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhatab,_Sayed2006" class="citation book cs1">Khatab, Sayed (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MMjwuRh_2EkC&pg=PA62">The power of sovereignty: the political and ideological philosophy of Sayyid Qutb</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-37250-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-37250-3"><bdi>978-0-415-37250-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+power+of+sovereignty%3A+the+political+and+ideological+philosophy+of+Sayyid+Qutb&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-37250-3&rft.au=Khatab%2C+Sayed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMMjwuRh_2EkC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaman,_M._Raquibuz2001" class="citation book cs1">Zaman, M. Raquibuz (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1vaCRnHK65kC&pg=PA189">"Islamic Perspectives on Territorial Boundaries and Autonomy"</a>. In Miller, David; Hashmi, Sohail H. (eds.). Boundaries and justice: diverse ethical perspectives. Princeton University Press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-08800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-08800-6"><bdi>978-0-691-08800-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islamic+Perspectives+on+Territorial+Boundaries+and+Autonomy&rft.btitle=Boundaries+and+justice%3A+diverse+ethical+perspectives&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-691-08800-6&rft.au=Zaman%2C+M.+Raquibuz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1vaCRnHK65kC%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marty321-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marty321_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marty321_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarty,_Martin_E.Appleby,_R._Scott1996" class="citation book cs1">Marty, Martin E. & Appleby, R. Scott (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=doCmVaOnh_wC&pg=PA320">Fundamentalisms and the state: remaking polities, economies, and militance</a>. 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University of Pittsburgh Tax Review. 7 (43). <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1351024">1351024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Pittsburgh+Tax+Review&rft.atitle=Zakat%3A+Drawing+Insights+for+Legal+Theory+and+Economic+Policy+from+Islamic+Jurisprudence&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=43&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1351024%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1089%26context%3Dfaculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ispu.org/american-muslim-philanthropy-a-data-driven-comparative-profile/">"American Muslim Philanthropy: A Data-Driven Comparative Profile"</a>. 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Nordic Africa Institute. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7106-481-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7106-481-3"><bdi>978-91-7106-481-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sidi+Fredj%3A+A+Case+Study+of+a+Religious+Endowment+in+Morocco+under+the+French+Protectorate&rft.btitle=Social+welfare+in+Muslim+societies+in+Africa&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Nordic+Africa+Institute&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-91-7106-481-3&rft.au=Kogelmann%2C+Franz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-JcYwpJJs8oC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbc-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbc_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbc_87-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726022928/http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/22/19611201-muslims-give-more-to-charity-than-others-uk-poll-says?lite">"Muslims give more to charity than others, UK poll says"</a>. nbcnews.com. 22 July 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report/95564/Analysis-A-faith-based-aid-revolution-in-the-Muslim-world">the original</a> on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis%3A+A+faith-based+aid+revolution+in+the+Muslim+world%3F&rft.pub=irinnews.org&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2FReport%2F95564%2FAnalysis-A-faith-based-aid-revolution-in-the-Muslim-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> about 400 million people </li> <li id="cite_note-zakatwaqf-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zakatwaqf_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zakatwaqf_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zakatwaqf_93-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirazi,_Nasim2014" class="citation journal cs1">Shirazi, Nasim (May 2014). "Integrating Zakāt and Waqf into the Poverty Reduction Strategy of the IDB Member Countries". 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(2013), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, Princeton University Press. p. 545 </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Lewis, Bernard (2002), The Arabs in History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280310-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280310-7">0-19-280310-7</a>, pp. 70–74 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Iqbal, Zafar and Lewis, Mervyn (2009) An Islamic Perspective on Governance, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1847201386" title="Special:BookSources/978-1847201386">978-1847201386</a>, pp. 99–115 </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Nienhaus, Volker (2006), Zakat, taxes and public finance in Islam, in Islam and the Everyday World: Public Policy Dilemmas. 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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 12 (3–4): 586–596. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x00083154">10.1017/s0041977x00083154</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154257790">154257790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=An+Account+of+the+T%C4%81r%C4%ABkhi+Qumm&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=586-596&rft.date=1948-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x00083154&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154257790%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Lambton%2C+K.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamid,_S.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Hamid, S. (1995). "Bookkeeping and accounting control systems in a tenth-century Muslim administrative office". Accounting, Business & Financial History. 5 (3): 321–333. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09585209500000049">10.1080/09585209500000049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accounting%2C+Business+%26+Financial+History&rft.atitle=Bookkeeping+and+accounting+control+systems+in+a+tenth-century+Muslim+administrative+office&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=321-333&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09585209500000049&rft.au=Hamid%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Kulke, H. and Rothermund, D. (1998), A History of India, 3rd ed., Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-15482-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-15482-0">0-415-15482-0</a>, pp. 158–163 </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen,_Moojan1987" class="citation book cs1">Momen, Moojan (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B0OL5Z8S-V0C&pg=PA179">An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism</a>. Yale University Press. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-03531-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-03531-5"><bdi>978-0-300-03531-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Shi%27i+Islam%3A+The+History+and+Doctrines+of+Twelver+Shi%27ism&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-300-03531-5&rft.au=Momen%2C+Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB0OL5Z8S-V0C%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Martin, Richard (2003) Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World, Macmillan Reference, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0028656038" title="Special:BookSources/978-0028656038">978-0028656038</a>, pp. 274, 350–351 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose,_Ebaugh_and_Cherry2014" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Ebaugh and Cherry (2014). Global Religious Movements Across Borders: Sacred Service. Ashgate. pp. 149–150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1409456872" title="Special:BookSources/978-1409456872"><bdi>978-1409456872</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Religious+Movements+Across+Borders%3A+Sacred+Service&rft.pages=149-150&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1409456872&rft.au=Rose%2C+Ebaugh+and+Cherry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MIC-145-104"><a href="#cite_ref-MIC-145_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeri2005" class="citation book cs1">Meri, Josef W., ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA145">Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia</a>. Psychology Press. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415966900" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415966900"><bdi>978-0415966900</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Psychology+Press.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0415966900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH-k9oc9xsuAC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hidaya-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hidaya_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hidaya_105-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hidaya.org/social-welfare/sadaqat-ul-fitr/">"Sadaqat-ul-Fitr"</a>. Hidaya Foundation. Retrieved 8 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hidaya+Foundation&rft.atitle=Sadaqat-ul-Fitr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hidaya.org%2Fsocial-welfare%2Fsadaqat-ul-fitr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasule,_O._H.1986" class="citation journal cs1">Kasule, O. H. (1986). "Muslims in Trinidad and Tobago". Journal Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. 7 (1): 195–213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13602008608715974">10.1080/13602008608715974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+Institute+of+Muslim+Minority+Affairs&rft.atitle=Muslims+in+Trinidad+and+Tobago&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=195-213&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13602008608715974&rft.au=Kasule%2C+O.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mb2008-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mb2008_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mb2008_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuehler,_M.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Buehler, M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18939/1/BuehlerSharia2008.pdf">"The rise of shari'a by-laws in Indonesian districts: An indication for changing patterns of power accumulation and political corruption"</a> (PDF). South East Asia Research. 16 (2): 255–285. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5367%2F000000008785260473">10.5367/000000008785260473</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54834534">54834534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+East+Asia+Research&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+shari%27a+by-laws+in+Indonesian+districts%3A+An+indication+for+changing+patterns+of+power+accumulation+and+political+corruption&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-285&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5367%2F000000008785260473&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54834534%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Buehler%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.soas.ac.uk%2F18939%2F1%2FBuehlerSharia2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Al-Hamar, M., Dawson, R., & Guan, L. (2010), A culture of trust threatens security and privacy in Qatar, IEEE 10th International Conference, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-7547-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-7547-6">978-1-4244-7547-6</a>, pp. 991–995 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_and_articles">Books and articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Books and articles">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>P. Bearman ed. (2012). <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>, 2nd ed. Brill Online. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li>Joseph J. Cordes, Robert D. Ebel, Jane Gravelle ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy. <a href="/wiki/Urban_Institute" title="Urban Institute">Urban Institute</a></li> <li>John L. Esposito ed. (2009). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</li> <li>Hunter, Shireen; Malik, Huma; Senturk, Recep (2005). Islam and Human Rights: Advancing a U.S.–Muslim Dialogue. <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a>, 2005.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3368292">Timur Kuran (2019). "Zakat: Islam's Missed Opportunity to Limit Predatory Taxation"</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattson,_Ingrid2003" class="citation book cs1">Mattson, Ingrid (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zBp3y5lWz58C&pg=PA31">"Status-Based Definitions of Need in Early Islamic Zakat and Maintenance Laws"</a>. In Michael Bonner; Mine Ener; Amy Singer (eds.). Poverty and charity in Middle Eastern contexts. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5737-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5737-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-5737-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Status-Based+Definitions+of+Need+in+Early+Islamic+Zakat+and+Maintenance+Laws&rft.btitle=Poverty+and+charity+in+Middle+Eastern+contexts&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-5737-5&rft.au=Mattson%2C+Ingrid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzBp3y5lWz58C%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss,_Holger2002" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Holger (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-JcYwpJJs8oC&pg=PA7">"Zakāt and the Question of Social Welfare: An Introductory Essay on Islamic Economics and Its Implications for Social Welfare"</a>. In Weiss, Holger (ed.). Social welfare in Muslim societies in Africa. Nordic Africa Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7106-481-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7106-481-3"><bdi>978-91-7106-481-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zak%C4%81t+and+the+Question+of+Social+Welfare%3A+An+Introductory+Essay+on+Islamic+Economics+and+Its+Implications+for+Social+Welfare&rft.btitle=Social+welfare+in+Muslim+societies+in+Africa&rft.pub=Nordic+Africa+Institute&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-91-7106-481-3&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Holger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-JcYwpJJs8oC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZakat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monzer.kahf.com/books/english/fiqhalzakah_vol1.pdf">Fiqh al Zakah (Vol. I)</a>, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al Qardawi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zakat-publications.s3.amazonaws.com/2275/zakat-book.pdf">The Zakat Handbook: A Practical Guide for Muslims in the West</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140907165650/http://www.zakatchicago.org/ZakatBook.pdf">The Institution of Zakat: An Obligation and an Opportunity</a> (2005) The Central Zakat Committee of The Council of Islamic Organizations of Greater Chicago</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakat&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Zakat" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Zakat">Zakat</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/zakat" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/zakat">zakat</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113230/http://shiatvonline.com/category/fiqh/furu-e-deen/zakat/">Shia Muslims' view on Zakat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080923123932/http://www.zakatguide.org/english/Genaral_Rules_Calculating_Zakah.html">Sunni Muslims' view on Zakat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131041658/http://courses.arch.vt.edu/courses/wdunaway/gia5274/scott87.pdf">"Peasant opposition to the Islamic Zakat and the Christian Tithe"</a>, James Scott (1987), Comparative Studies in Society and History</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol15/iss3/3/">"The Influential Legacy of Dutch Islamic Policy on the Formation of Zakat (ALMS) Law in Modern Indonesia"</a>, Arskal Salim (2006), Pacific Rim Law & Policy Review</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising" title="Fundraising">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_(virtue)" title="Humanity (virtue)">Humanity (virtue)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteering" title="Volunteering">Volunteering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charitable organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_trust" title="Charitable trust">Charitable trust / Registered charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(nonprofit)" title="Foundation (nonprofit)">Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Private</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charity and religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(Christian_virtue)" title="Charity (Christian virtue)">Charity (Christian virtue)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">Tithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zakat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charity_evaluation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity evaluation">Charity evaluation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_effectiveness" title="Aid effectiveness">Aid effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Charity_Evaluators" title="Animal Charity Evaluators">Animal Charity Evaluators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candid_(organization)" title="Candid (organization)">Candid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_assessment" title="Charity assessment">Charity assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Navigator" title="Charity Navigator">Charity Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CharityWatch" title="CharityWatch">CharityWatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributional_cost-effectiveness_analysis" title="Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis">Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GiveWell" title="GiveWell">GiveWell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_Multiplier" title="Giving Multiplier">Giving Multiplier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_What_We_Can" title="Giving What We Can">Giving What We Can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreatNonprofits" title="GreatNonprofits">GreatNonprofits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_giving" title="Alternative giving">Alternative giving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benefit_concert" title="Benefit concert">Benefit concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_sospeso" title="Caffè sospeso">Caffè sospeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_fraud" title="Charity fraud">Charity fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_shop" title="Charity shop">Charity / thrift / op shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Click-to-donate_site" title="Click-to-donate site">Click-to-donate site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_(charity)" title="Drive (charity)">Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor-advised_fund" title="Donor-advised fund">Donor-advised fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_intent" title="Donor intent">Donor intent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earning_to_give" title="Earning to give">Earning to give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_altruism" title="Effective altruism">Effective altruism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_barriers_to_effective_altruism" title="Psychological barriers to effective altruism">Psychological barriers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_philanthropy" title="Ethics of philanthropy">Ethics of philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_charitable_foundations" title="List of charitable foundations">List of charitable foundations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">wealthiest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Nonprofit_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Nonprofit Organizations">Master of Nonprofit Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matching_funds" title="Matching funds">Matching funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telethon" title="Telethon">Telethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visiting_the_sick" title="Visiting the sick">Visiting the sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_sector" title="Voluntary sector">Voluntary sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_grant" title="Volunteer grant">Volunteer grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_kindness" title="Wall of kindness">Wall of kindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm-glow_giving" title="Warm-glow giving">Warm-glow giving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islam_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_topics" title="Template:Islam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_topics" title="Template talk:Islam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islam_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Islam" title="Outline of Islam">Outline of Islam</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God in Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">In Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Qadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Judgement Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">Holiest sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Sawm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_leaders" title="Islamic religious leaders">Leaders</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Islam" title="Timeline of the history of Islam">Timeline of the history of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Early conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Islam" title="Historiography of early Islam">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shi'a Imams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Religious texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Seerah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Story of Prophets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazili" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazili">Mu'tazili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Bektashi Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a></li> <li>Moderate Kharijites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam#Wahbi_school" title="Ibadi Islam">Wahbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Life</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_clothing" title="Islamic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurban_(Islamic_ritual_sacrifice)" title="Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)">Qurbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_humanity" title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Islam">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="LawJurisprudence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Jurisprudence</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_jurisprudence" title="Islamic marital jurisprudence">Marriage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Sex</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Marriage contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr">Mahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Nikah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Nikah mut'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">Death penalty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabiĥa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_honorifics" title="Islamic honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma malakat aymanukum">Ma malakat aymanukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war in Islam">POWs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_sharia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sources of sharia">Sources of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_theological_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theological jurisprudence">Theological</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Schools of islamic jurisprudence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Islamic_studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">Geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_pottery" title="Islamic pottery">Pottery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Alchemy and chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_and_cartography_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world">Geography and cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Ophthalmology in the medieval Islamic world">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Theological</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_evolution" title="Islamic views on evolution">Creationism (evolution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberalism and progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_literature" title="Islamic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Psychology in the medieval Islamic world">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu%27ubiyya" title="Shu'ubiyya">Shu'ubiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_non-Islamic_places_of_worship_into_mosques" title="Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques">Conversion to mosques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Mormonism" title="Islam and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Islam" title="Protestantism and Islam">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze#Relationship_with_Muslims" title="Druze">Druzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism" title="Islam and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-Muslims" title="Ex-Muslims">Ex-Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Muslims" title="List of former Muslims">List of former Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ex-Muslim_organisations" title="List of ex-Muslim organisations">List of ex-Muslim organisations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Muslim">Cultural Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_miracles" title="Islamic view of miracles">Islamic view of miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_domestic_violence" title="Islam and domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Islam" title="Nursing in Islam">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_and_miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran and miracles">Quran and miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Islam" title="Symbols of Islam">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124058#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1183999/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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