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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-幕府政策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#幕府政策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>幕府政策</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-幕府政策-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关幕府政策子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-幕府政策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-封建集權制度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#封建集權制度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>封建集權制度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-封建集權制度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-階級封鎖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#階級封鎖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>階級封鎖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-階級封鎖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重農抑商" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重農抑商"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>重農抑商</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重農抑商-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-盛世" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#盛世"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>盛世</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-盛世-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>社会结构</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社会结构-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关社会结构子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-社会结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-武士" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#武士"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>武士</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-武士-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-农民" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#农民"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>农民</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-农民-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-手工业者" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#手工业者"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>手工业者</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-手工业者-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-商人" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#商人"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>商人</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-商人-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他群体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他群体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>其他群体</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他群体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-婦女的作用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#婦女的作用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>婦女的作用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-婦女的作用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟概況" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟概況"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>經濟概況</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟概況-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>外交</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外交-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外交子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-海外貿易" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#海外貿易"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>海外貿易</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-海外貿易-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鎖國政策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鎖國政策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>鎖國政策</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鎖國政策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>教育</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-教育-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关教育子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-提倡儒學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#提倡儒學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>提倡儒學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-提倡儒學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗教-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关宗教子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-儒家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#儒家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>儒家</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-儒家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-佛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#佛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>佛教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-佛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>神道</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-神道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基督教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基督教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>基督教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基督教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衰落原因" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衰落原因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>衰落原因</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-衰落原因-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关衰落原因子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-衰落原因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-經濟商業化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟商業化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>經濟商業化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟商業化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-倒幕思想崛起" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#倒幕思想崛起"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>倒幕思想崛起</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-倒幕思想崛起-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外國衝擊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外國衝擊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>外國衝擊</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外國衝擊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-內部分化：將軍繼嗣之爭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#內部分化：將軍繼嗣之爭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>內部分化：將軍繼嗣之爭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-內部分化：將軍繼嗣之爭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-倒台" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#倒台"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>倒台</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-倒台-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-灾害" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#灾害"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>灾害</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-灾害-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关灾害子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-灾害-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-主要地震" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要地震"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>主要地震</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要地震-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要火災" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要火災"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>主要火災</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要火災-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要火山喷发" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要火山喷发"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>主要火山喷发</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要火山喷发-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要饑荒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要饑荒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>主要饑荒</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要饑荒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考文獻子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>來源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">江户时代</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。60种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="فترة إيدو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فترة إيدو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodu_Edo" title="Periodu Edo – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periodu Edo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Edo dövrü – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Edo dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Перыяд Эда – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыяд Эда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Едо (период) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Едо (период)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨེ་དོའི་དུས་སྐབས། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨེ་དོའི་དུས་སྐབས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marevezh_Edo" title="Marevezh Edo – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marevezh Edo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_Edo" title="Període Edo – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període Edo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%AF%DB%86" title="سەردەمی ئێدۆ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی ئێدۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdob%C3%AD_Edo" title="Období Edo – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Období Edo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80%C4%95" title="Эдо тапхăрĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эдо тапхăрĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-perioden" title="Edo-perioden – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Edo-perioden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-Zeit" title="Edo-Zeit – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edo-Zeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Edo period" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoko_de_Edo" title="Epoko de Edo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Epoko de Edo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período Edo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_ajastu" title="Edo ajastu – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Edo ajastu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_Aroa" title="Edo Aroa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edo Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="دوره ادو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره ادو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-kausi" title="Edo-kausi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edo-kausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poque_d%27Edo" title="Époque d'Edo – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Époque d'Edo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Período Edo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95" title="תקופת אדו – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת אדו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(razdoblje)" title="Edo (razdoblje) – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Edo (razdoblje)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo-kor" title="Edo-kor – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edo-kor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Edo" title="Zaman Edo – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Edo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jed%C3%B3t%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Jedótímabilið – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jedótímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_Edo" title="Periodo Edo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo Edo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="江戸時代 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="江戸時代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaman_%C3%89do" title="Jaman Édo – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaman Édo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="에도 시대 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에도 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_laikotarpis" title="Edo laikotarpis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Edo laikotarpis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_periods" title="Edo periods – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Edo periods" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Едо (период) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Едо (период)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эдогийн эрин – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эдогийн эрин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Edo" title="Zaman Edo – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Edo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edoperiode" title="Edoperiode – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edoperiode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edotida" title="Edotida – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Edotida" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B2de_Edo" title="Periòde Edo – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Periòde Edo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_(okres)" title="Edo (okres) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edo (okres)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período Edo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioada_Edo" title="Perioada Edo – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perioada Edo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Период Эдо – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Период Эдо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Edo period" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobie_Edo" title="Obdobie Edo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obdobie Edo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobje_Edo" title="Obdobje Edo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obdobje Edo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periudha_Edo" title="Periudha Edo – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Periudha Edo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Едо период – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Едо период" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_Edo" title="Période Edo – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Période Edo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edoperioden" title="Edoperioden – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edoperioden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B0" title="ยุคเอโดะ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคเอโดะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Edo" title="Panahong Edo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Edo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Edo Dönemi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edo Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Період Едо – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Період Едо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ایڈو دور – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایڈو دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Edo" title="Thời kỳ Edo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời kỳ Edo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_Edo" title="Panahon Edo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panahon Edo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="江戶時代 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="江戶時代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Edo sî-tāi – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Edo sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="江戶時代 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="江戶時代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" 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class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>包含過多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%A1%8C%E8%AF%9D%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A" title="Wikipedia:行话解释">行話或專業術語</a>，可能需要簡化或提出進一步解釋。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年11月10日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="Talk:江户时代">討論頁</a>中發表對於本議題的看法，並移除或解釋本條目中的行話。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Rough_translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="翻譯標記"><img alt="翻譯標記" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">江户时代<br /><small></small></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; font-weight: bold;">1603年（德川幕府建立）－1868年（<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E8%A1%80%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="無血開城">江户开城</a>）</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubaaoi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/220px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/330px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/440px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">德川三叶葵</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">之前</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="安土桃山时代">安土桃山时代</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">包括</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E6%B2%BC%E6%84%8F%E6%AC%A1" title="田沼意次">田沼時代</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%A1%E6%89%80%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="大御所時代">大御所時代</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C%E6%9C%AB%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="幕府末期">幕府末期</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">之后</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="明治時代">明治時代</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">君主</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>（名義上）<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%9B" title="日本國大君">大君</a>（實際上）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">领袖</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="江戶幕府將軍列表">征夷大將軍</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox vcard plainlist" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #B0C4DE; border-bottom: 1px solid border-top:1px solid; table-layout:fixed;;">日語寫法</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">日語原文</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">江戸時代</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="注音假名">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">えどじだい</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="平文式罗马字">平文式罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja-Latn" title="日语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Edo jidai</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="舊字體">日語舊字體</a></th><td class="infobox-data" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:15em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="日本历史">日本历史</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fujimiyagura_edojyo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Fujimiyagura_edojyo.JPG/180px-Fujimiyagura_edojyo.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Fujimiyagura_edojyo.JPG/270px-Fujimiyagura_edojyo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Fujimiyagura_edojyo.JPG/360px-Fujimiyagura_edojyo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="江户城">江户城</a>中的建筑物</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">时代</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%8A%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="日本舊石器時代">旧石器時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small> –前15000年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%A9%E7%B4%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="繩紋時代">繩紋時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>前12000年–前4世纪</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="彌生時代">彌生時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>前4世纪（前10世紀）–3世纪中期</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="大和時代">大和時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">250年–710年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9D%9F%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古坟时代">古坟时代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">250年–592年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代">飛鳥時代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">592年–710年</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">710年–794年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="平安时代">平安时代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">794年–1185年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="王朝國家" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="王朝国家"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="王朝国家">王朝國家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:王朝国家"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">王朝国家</span></a></span>）</span></span></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">10世紀初頭–12世紀後期</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="平氏政權">平氏政權時代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1167年–1185年</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鎌倉時代">鎌倉時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1185年–1333年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%AD%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF" title="建武新政">建武新政</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1333年–1336年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%BA%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="室町时代">室町时代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1336年–1573年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="南北朝时代 (日本)">南北朝時代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1336年–1392年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="战国时代 (日本)">戰國時代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1467年–1590年</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="安土桃山时代">安土桃山时代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1573年–1603年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">江户时代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1603年–1868年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="锁国 (日本)">鎖國時代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1639年–1854年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末">江戶幕府末年</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1853年–1868年</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">帝国時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1868年–1945年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治">明治時代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1868年–1912年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A3" title="大正">大正時代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1912年–1926年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C" title="昭和">昭和時代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1926年–1945年</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="同盟國軍事佔領日本">盟軍占领时期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1945年–1952年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; padding-left: 2em;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C" title="昭和">昭和时代</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1945年–1989年</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90" title="平成">平成時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1989年–2019年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C" title="令和">令和時代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">2019年–今</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">其它</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2" title="日本經濟史">经济</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="日本文化">文化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本年號列表">年号</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本天皇列表">天皇</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="日本历史年表">年表</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:日本历史">分类</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nuvola_Japan_flag.svg/25px-Nuvola_Japan_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nuvola_Japan_flag.svg/38px-Nuvola_Japan_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nuvola_Japan_flag.svg/50px-Nuvola_Japan_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="Portal:日本">日本主题</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:日本历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:日本历史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:日本历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>江戶時代</b>（1603年－1868年），又稱<b>德川時代</b>，是指<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="日本歷史">歷史</a>中在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="江户幕府">江户幕府</a>（德川幕府）統治下的時期，從<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7" title="慶長">慶長</a>八年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="二月十二">二月十二</a>（1603年3月24日）<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7" title="德川家康">德川家康</a>被委任為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="征夷大將軍">征夷大將軍</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶">江戶</a>（現在的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="東京">東京</a>）開設<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="幕府 (日本)">幕府</a>時開始，到<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E6%87%89" title="慶應">慶應</a>四年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="四月十一">四月十一</a>（1868年5月3日）<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" title="江戶開城">江户开城</a>後結束，為期265年。江户时代是日本封建統治的最後一個時代。在江戶幕府時期，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="征夷大將軍">征夷大將軍</a>是實際上政權的控制者、國家的最高領導人，號稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%9B" title="日本國大君">日本國大君</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日本天皇">日本天皇</a>不過是被<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%86%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="幕府将军">幕府将军</a>架空甚至被監控的<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="虛位元首">象徵性元首</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%96%A4" title="太閤">太閤</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89" class="mw-redirect" title="豐臣秀吉">豐臣秀吉</a>薨後，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E8%80%81" title="五大老">五大老</a>之首的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7" title="德川家康">德川家康</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="關原之戰">關原之戰</a>中獲得勝利，獲任為征夷大將軍，後於1615年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大阪之戰">大阪之戰</a>徹底消灭了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E6%B0%8F" title="豐臣氏">豐臣氏</a>。幕府藉由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B6%E8%AB%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%A6" title="禁中並公家諸法度">禁中並公家諸法度</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E8%AB%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%A6" title="武家諸法度">武家諸法度</a>駕馭朝廷和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>(諸侯)，各大名因<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E5%8B%A4%E4%BA%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="參勤交代">參勤交代</a>制度，被要求定期往返<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶">江戶</a>與其領國。日本歷經<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="島原之亂">島原之亂</a>並完成<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="锁国 (日本)">鎖國政策</a>，只進行少部份在<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E" class="mw-disambig" title="長崎">長崎</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>）交易，謂之一口通商。 </p><p> 政治安定，經濟也跟著發展。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E7%B6%B1%E5%90%89" title="德川綱吉">德川綱吉</a>時代，幕府经济景氣。江戶時代中葉，幕府財政陷入困境，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%90%89%E5%AE%97" title="德川吉宗">德川吉宗</a>實行<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AB%E4%BF%9D%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="享保改革">享保改革</a>，財政暫時恢復，卻又再度惡化。此後<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="天保改革">天保改革</a>等企圖改善，但卻未解決根本。幕府末年被歐美各國逼迫開國，經由美国海军将领<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="培里">培里</a>來航，引发<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="黑船來航">黑船来航事件</a>，日本簽下《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="神奈川條約">日美神奈川條約</a>》等不平等條約，使得日本結束鎖國政策。同時<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%98%E5%A4%B7" title="尊王攘夷">尊王攘夷</a>的思想日漸強盛（包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%82%E6%9C%AC%E9%BE%99%E9%A9%AC" title="坂本龙马">坂本龍馬</a>與反幕府組織積極提倡），1868年5月3日，江戶<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E8%A1%80%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="無血開城">無血開城</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="江户幕府">德川幕府</a>至此正式瓦解。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%85%B6%E5%96%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="德川慶喜">德川慶喜</a>先後把政權與領地，交還給當時的日本天皇，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇">明治天皇</a>，江户时代随之结束。</p><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1865至1866年的日本風貌，由费利斯·比特所攝。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/1200px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/1800px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/2400px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2962" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg" title="File:Edo Panorama old Tokyo color photochrom.jpg"> </a></div>1865至1866年的日本風貌，由<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="费利斯·比特">费利斯·比特</a>所攝。</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG/220px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG/330px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG/440px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1841" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>德川家康</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="幕府政策"><span id=".E5.B9.95.E5.BA.9C.E6.94.BF.E7.AD.96"></span>幕府政策</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：幕府政策"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="江户幕府">江户幕府</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="封建集權制度"><span id=".E5.B0.81.E5.BB.BA.E9.9B.86.E6.AC.8A.E5.88.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>封建集權制度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：封建集權制度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德川幕府理論上是天皇授權<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="征夷大將軍">征夷大將軍</a>開設<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="軍政府">軍政府</a>(幕府)來統治全國，然後幕府分封大名來統治地方領地。实际上，德川幕府的政治体制为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="封建制">封建制</a>，被称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E8%97%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" title="幕藩体制">幕藩体制</a>，以幕府为领导者。各地领主的领地称为「藩」，领主称为「大名」<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。幕府将军及日本各地领主皆为「大名」，在领地内设有相对独立的政府体系。自德川家康于 1603 年被任命为征夷大将军以来，特别是德川家在 1615 年的大阪之战获胜后，德川幕府颁布了多项政策，确保对大名的控制<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其他大名向幕府将军效忠，但在领地内有一定自治权<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。外交、国防、铸钱、度衡量和交通等领域则由幕府负责<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:33_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。江户时代的日本大名数量有所增减，但后趋于270左右<sup id="cite_ref-:32_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>德川家除了将军的职位外，还领有世袭领地，被称为「天领」<sup id="cite_ref-:13_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。天领除农地外，还包括许多金银矿产<sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。至幕府后期，日本国内领地总共约3000万石，其中天领约700万石，其他2300万石由大名管辖<sup id="cite_ref-:42_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。大名领地最小为 1 万石，除德川家外，最大的领地超过100万石<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>德川幕府通过頒布法令限制，除了控制了諸侯大名武士，也控制了天皇家、公家等貴族，以及寺社等宗教勢力，实现了一定程度的集权。至於各諸侯領地或是寺社地產的庶務，還是歸由各地大名與寺社住持或神官來管理，幕府只管大事不管小事。 </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%80%E5%9F%8E%E4%BB%A4" title="一國一城令">一國一城令</a></dt></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_l12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Edo_l12.jpg/220px-Edo_l12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Edo_l12.jpg/330px-Edo_l12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Edo_l12.jpg/440px-Edo_l12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%9F%8E" title="江戶城">江戶城</a>，即幕府所在地</figcaption></figure> <p>德川幕府在元和元年（1615年）闰六月十三發出<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%80%E5%9F%8E%E4%BB%A4" title="一國一城令">一國一城令</a>，限令各藩除藩都以外，所有城堡一律夷平，防止大名軍事實力過高起兵造反。家臣武士被集中在幕都或藩都城堡周圍的城下町聚居，加強幕府及大名對家臣的控制。注意此處的一國中的國為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6%E5%9C%8B" title="令制國">令制國</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>的領國（之後的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A9_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="藩 (日本)">藩國</a>）。 </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E5%8B%A4%E4%BA%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="參勤交代">参勤交代</a></dt></dl> <p>1633年幕府強制實行參勤交代制度，命令諸侯經常定期來回江戶覲見，在江戶城留府供職，大名一年留國一年留府，關東地區之大名更須每半年覲見一次，而大名留國其間，須將妻子定居江戶府上。此制度基本上確保幕府握有每個大名的正室做為人質，以防大名在領地叛變。雖然參覲花很多錢和時間，但是對有資格叛變的大名來講，問題不大。 </p> <dl><dt>頒布法令</dt></dl> <p>德川家康也頒布<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E8%AB%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%A6" title="武家諸法度">武家諸法度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B6%E8%AB%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%A6" title="禁中並公家諸法度">禁中並公家諸法度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BA%E9%99%A2%E8%AB%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%A6" title="寺院諸法度">寺院諸法度</a>及諸社彌宜神主法度，分別控制旗下的諸侯<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" title="大名 (称谓)">大名</a>、住在京都的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B6%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公家貴族（页面不存在）">公家貴族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA" title="佛寺">佛寺</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" title="神社">神社</a>。此外，幕府也規定大名有義務向將軍作定期捐獻、為將軍作戰及資助幕府大型工程(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E6%99%AE%E8%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天下普請（页面不存在）">天下普請</a>)，以增加大名的支出，削弱大名實力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="階級封鎖"><span id=".E9.9A.8E.E7.B4.9A.E5.B0.81.E9.8E.96"></span>階級封鎖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：階級封鎖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>幕府為維持穩定，不希望人民有階級流動的自由，遂規定人民須遵循世代的家業，不可轉移職業，安守本份。當時人民的社會地位由高至低如下： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>：人數共有二百多萬人，佔全國人口百分之七，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="征夷大將軍">將軍</a>、三百位左右的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>及旗下家臣；另外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B6" title="公家">公家</a>貴族、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93)" title="神職 (神道)">神職</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BE%B6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="僧侶">僧侶</a>的地位亦等同於武士，人口大致上有六十萬人，佔全國人口百分之二，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B6" title="公家">公家</a>貴族的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%AB%98" title="石高">石高</a>在江戶初年大致佔有十萬石，而神職和<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BE%B6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="僧侶">僧侶</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%AB%98" title="石高">石高</a>在江戶初年大致佔有四十萬石。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91" title="農民">農民</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%8C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="工匠">工匠</a>：人數共有二千五百多萬人，佔全國人口百分之八十五。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="商人">商人</a>：商人人數共有一百八十萬人，佔全國人口百分之六。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%A2%E5%A4%9A" title="穢多">穢多</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="非人">非人</a>：地位等同奴隸的階級，為數三十萬人，佔全國人口百分之一，位列於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E8%BE%B2%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="士農工商">士農工商</a>四民之下。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重農抑商"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E8.BE.B2.E6.8A.91.E5.95.86"></span>重農抑商</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：重農抑商"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>農業之所以對幕府重要的原因是因為幕府的最主要收入是田賦。針對商人，幕府則可任意強令商人向它捐獻。幕府發放俸祿主要使用大米，但也會製作金幣銀幣銅錢，譬如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慶長小判（页面不存在）">慶長小判</a>(金)、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%8A%80" title="丁銀">丁銀</a>(銀)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7%E9%80%9A%E5%AF%B6" title="慶長通寶">慶長通寶</a>(銅錢)。需注意的是，所謂重農其實只是相對抑商而言，幕府重視農業在於維持社會穩定及自身財政，而非厚愛農民，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7" title="德川家康">德川家康</a>自己也曾表示：「統治農民最好是令他們餓不死又飽不了。」幕府主要以繼承權來限制階級的流動性，武士或農家的家產主要只會選一個兒子當繼承人(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A1%E7%B9%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跡繼（页面不存在）">跡繼</a>)，如果沒有生下男孩，則可能收<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%8A%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="養子">養子</a>或招贅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%BB%E9%A4%8A%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="壻養子（页面不存在）">壻養子</a>來繼承。其他子女則在他底下工作，也可能離家進入其他工商業維生。幕府雖然也有限制著人民的地區流動性，但是只要有申請通行證(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%89%8B%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通行手形（页面不存在）">通行手形</a>)，百姓還是可以旅行的。像很多百姓會用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E6%8B%9C" title="參拜">參拜</a>的名義申請通行證，到遠處的寺廟神社參拜。另外也有像<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BE%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%89" title="松尾芭蕉">芭蕉</a>這樣的文人雅士，一邊旅行一面創作<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C" title="和歌">和歌</a>。幕府管制最緊的是帶鐵炮進江戶(怕武器進江戶用來造反)，以及帶女性出江戶(怕大名為了造反叫正室逃出江戶回領國)，稱為「入鐵砲出女」。在幕府重农抑商政策下，农学等科学得到了一定的发展，农学者<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E5%B4%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%B4%9E" title="宫崎安贞">宫崎安贞</a>即参考明朝学者徐光启《農政全書》并结合自身考察经验，于1695年（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A5%BF" title="元祿">元禄</a>7年）写成了《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="農業全書" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="農業全書"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農業全書（页面不存在）">農業全書</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:農業全書"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">農業全書</span></a></span>）</span></span>》，對於農業技術在日本的推廣起到了一定的貢獻。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CODH_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此外，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大藏永常" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="大蔵永常"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E6%B0%B8%E5%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大藏永常（页面不存在）">大藏永常</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%94%B5%E6%B0%B8%E5%B8%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:大蔵永常"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">大蔵永常</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%97%A4%E4%BF%A1%E6%B8%8A" title="佐藤信渊">佐藤信淵</a>等学者也对农业的发展做出了一定的贡献。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="盛世"><span id=".E7.9B.9B.E4.B8.96"></span>盛世</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：盛世"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本德川中期，随着地方性经济农业的蓬勃发展逐渐蔓延为全国性的元禄盛世，当时的江户人口已经高达一百万从而跻身全球人口最多的城市之列，全国城市化比例也不断增长。经济的繁荣提高了商人的地位。在文化方面兴起了町人文化，在寺子屋制度下民众识字率不断飙升，江户时代的民众教育水平在封建国家中出奇地高的。科学方面积极吸收西洋兰学，在火器，文学，医学方面都有极大发展，为明治维新打下了雄厚的基础。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会结构"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span>社会结构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：社会结构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在德川<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>，全体居民都被严格的等级制度分为四个阶层：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>、农民、手工业者和商人。在德川时期之前，这些阶层之间曾经有过一些流动，但是，德川<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="征夷大將軍">将军</a>为了维护他们的势力和特权，限制了这些流动。特别是，他们试图保护武士阶层，使得农民阶层不可能成为武士。1586年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89" title="丰臣秀吉">丰臣秀吉</a>颁布法令，农民必须在他们的土地上耕作。1587年，他颁布只有武士才可以佩带长剑，之后，这一条成了武士阶层的定义。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KumamotoCastle_EdoPeriod_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/KumamotoCastle_EdoPeriod_02.JPG/180px-KumamotoCastle_EdoPeriod_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/KumamotoCastle_EdoPeriod_02.JPG/270px-KumamotoCastle_EdoPeriod_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/KumamotoCastle_EdoPeriod_02.JPG/360px-KumamotoCastle_EdoPeriod_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>江戶時代的城市（<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%8E" title="熊本城">熊本</a>）</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="武士"><span id=".E6.AD.A6.E5.A3.AB"></span>武士</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：武士"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>武士就是战士阶层。最顶端的就是将军本身。在他的下面，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>，控制着大量土地的地主。大名手下是他们自己聚集的武士，可以在很多方面为他们服务。其中一些是指导教师，一些守卫他的城堡，还有一些组成了他的私人军队。另外，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC" title="东京">江户</a>那种大城市里，武士有各种各样的功能——<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="幕府 (日本)">幕府</a>中的官员，或者警官。最后，还有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="浪人">浪人</a>，就是没有主人的武士。他们不用报答主人，同样也没有稳定的生活来源。浪人可能会定居在特殊的地方，教授技能或进行其他的工作。不过许多浪人会在乡下流浪并寻找有酬劳的工作。一些人也会像雇佣兵一样受雇于出价最高的大名。德川时期日本一共有3000万人，其中大约200万是武士，佔全國人口百分之七。另外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B6" title="公家">公家</a>貴族、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93)" title="神職 (神道)">神職</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BE%B6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="僧侶">僧侶</a>的地位亦等同於武士，人口大致上有六十萬人，佔全國人口百分之二。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirakawa-go_houses_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shirakawa-go_houses_1.jpg/180px-Shirakawa-go_houses_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shirakawa-go_houses_1.jpg/270px-Shirakawa-go_houses_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shirakawa-go_houses_1.jpg/360px-Shirakawa-go_houses_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B7%9D%E9%84%89" title="白川鄉">白川鄉</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="农民"><span id=".E5.86.9C.E6.B0.91"></span>农民</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：农民"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大米是粘合社会各阶层的胶水，理所当然由农民生产。大米的量度标准是石，相当于52.5<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%96%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="公斤">公斤</a>（明治改制後才有一石200<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%96%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="公斤">公斤</a>稻穀，江戶時代仍維持唐制，故此時一石並不能維持一人一年食米量）。一石不能供一个人吃一年。在这个时期，日本大米年产量估计是2500万石。 </p><p>将军负责分配整个国家的收成。他占有约400万石粮产量的领地，另外把绝大多数的领地分给了大名、旗本、僧侣及公家。据Charles J. Dunn所说，最强大的大名（日本北部的加贺）能收到130万石。在德川日本，超过270个大名能收到至少一万石。而农民保留的粮食取决于天气。通常，名目稅率是40%(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E5%85%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四公六民（页面不存在）">四公六民</a>)。但依不同時代與地點，农民可能要上缴一半以上的大米收成。年成不好的时候，将军和大名并没有减少他们的需求，因此农民被迫要用更少的粮食生活。这样，虽然农民在社会中是握有特权的——地位仅在武士之下。 </p><p>种大米需要大量艰苦的体力劳动，即使是今天，许多工作都要手工操作。在艰难的时候，农民会无视将军禁令，搬迁到城市里从事贸易。当农民的土地被长子继承时，很多年幼的儿子也会去经商。他們人數共有二千五百多萬人，佔全國人口八成半。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG/180px-Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG/270px-Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG/360px-Edo_Fukagawa_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>手工业者街</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="手工业者"><span id=".E6.89.8B.E5.B7.A5.E4.B8.9A.E8.80.85"></span>手工业者</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：手工业者"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>很难把手工业者和商人明确的分开，是因为他们的经济活动经常重叠。比如一个制衣匠可能会卖掉他的产品，他的事业也可以在其他的方向上发展，比如借贷。在德川社会，武士对某些技术有很高的要求，比如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A0%E5%89%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="造剑（页面不存在）">造剑</a>，受到了很高的重视，所以，造剑者有很高的地位。在德川日本，常见的技术包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5" title="木工">木工</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石工（页面不存在）">石工</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%80%E9%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="釀造">酿造</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%82%E6%BC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="涂漆（页面不存在）">涂漆</a>。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_Hibachi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edo_Hibachi.JPG/180px-Edo_Hibachi.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edo_Hibachi.JPG/270px-Edo_Hibachi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Edo_Hibachi.JPG/360px-Edo_Hibachi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>商人的家</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="商人"><span id=".E5.95.86.E4.BA.BA"></span>商人</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：商人"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>商人，特别是在城市中的那些，变得很富裕，但是处于社会阶层的底部。这是由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>的观点：商人不像农民和手工业者那样生产任何东西。相反，他们赚那些生产劳动力的钱。但是相反，正是因为有钱赚、大多數情況還賺了很多，所以其他阶层的，甚至是低级的武士，有时候也愿意接受这个较低的地位。此外，如同德川时期发展的那样，经济逐渐的从<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA" title="封建">封建</a>向商业转化，从整体上看，商人可以改善他们的社会地位。 </p><p>在德川日本，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="贸易">贸易</a>通常是一个缓慢而繁重的事业。虽然<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="道路">道路</a>系统规模巨大，而且受到了很好的维护，但将军为了军事防御，禁止用车辆进行贸易。这样，大部分通过陆路的商品是放在马或人的背上。工匠及商人人數共有一百八十萬人，佔全國人口百分之六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他群体"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E7.BE.A4.E4.BD.93"></span>其他群体</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：其他群体"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>其他几个群体存在于这个阶级体系之外，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%91%98" class="mw-redirect" title="演员">演员</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%A0%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="屠夫">屠夫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD%E6%B0%91" title="部落民">部落民</a>）。在某些方面，既然它处于组成日本社会的严格的阶级体系之外，它的成员就有一定的自由度。不过，这个体系没有充分的生活保障和生计，所以生活在体系之外也有不利之处。部落民是被驱逐者——强迫生活在他们自己的团体中，并要避开日本社会的其他成员。他们的地位如此之低是因为他们的工作与死有关：他们处理动物的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="尸体">尸体</a>，鞣兽皮并制革。部落民面对着大量的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>中不吉利的东西。日本人受到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>的影响，一般不太杀生，不太喫肉（海鮮除外）。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="神道教">神道教</a>中，与死相接触的人需要<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%8B%E6%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="斋戒">斋戒</a>。在现代日本，仍然坚持区别部落民。部落民家庭的名单在社会中秘密的散播。保守的日本家庭为了防止儿子或女儿与一个部落民世家结婚，都会参考这样的名单。部落民般被排除在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E8%BE%B2%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="士農工商">士農工商</a>四民之外，地位等同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="奴隸">奴隸</a>的階級，為數三十萬人，佔全國人口百分之一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="婦女的作用"><span id=".E5.A9.A6.E5.A5.B3.E7.9A.84.E4.BD.9C.E7.94.A8"></span>婦女的作用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：婦女的作用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本女性的生活因家庭的社会地位而异。武士家庭中的妇女被期望服从男性户主，但随着年龄的增长，如果丈夫去世，她们可以成为高级家庭成员。孩子们被要求尊重他们的父母双方，即使是成年人。来自下层阶级的妇女受到社会期望的限制要少得多，她们可以在家庭事务中发挥不可或缺的作用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="經濟概況"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F.E6.A6.82.E6.B3.81"></span>經濟概況</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：經濟概況"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據現代人對於江戶時代各大社會階層之薪資所得的估算，以「米1石≒金1両，1両≒10萬日幣（亦有8萬日幣，隨年代黃金匯率不同）」的公式來換算可得出當時薪俸最高的十大職業： </p><p>其中<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="武家棟樑" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="武家の棟梁"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%8B%E6%A2%81" title="武家栋梁">武門首領</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E3%81%AE%E6%A3%9F%E6%A2%81" class="extiw" title="ja:武家の棟梁"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">武家の棟梁</span></a></span>）</span></span>征夷大將軍的年收不明，因將軍為非薪給制所以無法明定數字。根據估算，初代將軍德川家康得以自由控制的收入約有100萬石，即現今的1000億日幣。德川宗家擁有約800萬石，包含日本三分之一土地為將軍家<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%86" title="天领">天領</a>。但將軍的工時長，直到工作結束都被拘束著。其次是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%B3%80%E8%97%A9" title="加賀藩">加賀藩</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%94%B0%E6%B0%8F" title="前田氏">前田氏</a>實際收入超過120萬石，換算成目前的年收是1200億日幣。但因為<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A9%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="藩主">藩主</a>也是非薪給制，所以詳細數字仍待考證。其三為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="豪商" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="豪商"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%AA%E5%95%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="豪商（页面不存在）">豪商</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%95%86" class="extiw" title="ja:豪商"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">豪商</span></a></span>）</span></span>，幕府<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="御用商" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="御用商人"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%95%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="御用商（页面不存在）">御用商</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:御用商人"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">御用商人</span></a></span>）</span></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%95%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="三井家">三井家</a>一日營業額約莫150両黃金，一年約54750両黃金，換算現今約為年收54億7500萬日幣，此為扣除進貨成本與人事費後的數字。第四為身居諸<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="藩">藩</a>要務的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">上流武士</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E8%97%A9" title="雄藩">雄藩</a>之下的上士收入從數百石到數萬石都有，年收估計於數千萬到數十億日幣之間。第五為<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E7%99%BD" title="關白">關白</a>，年收約數千石至一萬石程度。關白身為朝廷<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B6" title="公家">公家</a>的最高職務，除了本身的薪俸外，御血筋所產生的獻金也佔一部分收入。譬如關白的女兒嫁予大名，該大名每年便需獻金約1000石依此類推。是故關白的年收換算今日達數億日幣至10億日幣間，相當於<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="日本內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a>。第六為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E7%B4%80%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="經紀公司">經紀公司</a>或是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E4%BF%97%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="風俗業">風俗業</a>老闆，在於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末">幕末</a>江戶<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%8E%9F" title="吉原">吉原</a>的「大黒屋」帳冊被奇蹟式的保留下來，具上所載年收3500両黃金，換算現今值3億5000萬日幣。第七為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奧女中" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="奥女中"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%A5%B3%E4%B8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧女中（页面不存在）">奧女中</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%A5%B3%E4%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:奥女中"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">奥女中</span></a></span>）</span></span>，諸奧女中之中作為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%A7" title="大奧">大奧</a>中等級最高的女中「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%88%E5%BE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E5%AF%84" title="上臈御年寄">上臈御年寄</a>」，在各方面都有管道常常收受賄絡，因此收入超過1200両是存在可能的，相當於現今年收1億2000萬日幣。第八，具人氣的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E8%88%9E%E4%BC%8E" title="歌舞伎">歌舞伎</a>演員年收約值5000至1億日幣。第九，名<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E5%A6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝妓">藝妓</a>，據考證年收約500両黃金，相當於現今年收5000萬日幣甚至更高，可媲美小藩的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E8%80%81" title="家老">家老</a>年收等級。惟治裝費所費不貲，幾乎成為赤字。江戶時代三大產業<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="魚河岸" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="魚河岸"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%9A%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魚河岸（页面不存在）">魚河岸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:魚河岸"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">魚河岸</span></a></span>）</span></span>（市集）、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="芝居町" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="芝居町"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%9D%E5%B1%85%E7%94%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芝居町（页面不存在）">芝居町</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%B1%85%E7%94%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:芝居町"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">芝居町</span></a></span>）</span></span>（劇場）以及吉原（妓院）一天營業額單獨皆可到達1000両（1億日幣），以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E9%AD%81_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="花魁 (日本)">花魁</a>為例，一個晚上至少要花3両（30萬日幣）才接受消費，普通的藝妓約值1至2萬日幣可接受消費。第十為名<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="醫師">醫</a>，諸如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%89%E7%94%B0%E7%8E%84%E7%99%BD" title="杉田玄白">杉田玄白</a>等名醫，年收入達400至600両黃金，約現今4000至6000萬日幣。當時的醫師不僅需要開立處方籤也需自己配藥，比起診療費，醫藥費用更高，而名醫所開立的處方藥價錢更是昂貴。江戶時代一般來說醫藥費很高，也沒保險可用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外交"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BA.A4"></span>外交</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外交"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RedSealShip.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/RedSealShip.JPG/180px-RedSealShip.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/RedSealShip.JPG/270px-RedSealShip.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/RedSealShip.JPG/360px-RedSealShip.JPG 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>朱印船（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E6%B0%B8" title="寬永">寬永</a>年間，1634年所繪）</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasekura_Travels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hasekura_Travels.jpg/180px-Hasekura_Travels.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hasekura_Travels.jpg/270px-Hasekura_Travels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hasekura_Travels.jpg/360px-Hasekura_Travels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1054" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E5%80%89%E5%B8%B8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="支倉常長">支倉常長</a>的旅程</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desima_by_CW_Mieling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Desima_by_CW_Mieling.jpg/180px-Desima_by_CW_Mieling.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Desima_by_CW_Mieling.jpg/270px-Desima_by_CW_Mieling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Desima_by_CW_Mieling.jpg/360px-Desima_by_CW_Mieling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3213" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%B3%B6" title="出島">出島</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="海外貿易"><span id=".E6.B5.B7.E5.A4.96.E8.B2.BF.E6.98.93"></span>海外貿易</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：海外貿易"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德川家康時，積極與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">安南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%AE%8B" title="呂宋">呂宋</a>等地進行貿易（參見<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A0%BB%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" title="南蠻貿易">南蠻貿易</a>），與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>商人競爭，他確立持有朱印狀者才能准予貿易的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%8D%B0%E8%88%B9" title="朱印船">朱印船</a>制度，據說豐臣秀吉時代就有朱印狀，德川時代加以延續，狀上會附上詳細的航行目的地，以及幕府批准的準確日期，右上角則蓋有將軍的紅色官印。日本西南的外樣大名與有勢力的商人便在德川家光下令<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%96%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鎖國">鎖國</a>之前，航行著朱印船往來<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="馬尼拉">馬尼拉</a>之間。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鎖國政策"><span id=".E9.8E.96.E5.9C.8B.E6.94.BF.E7.AD.96"></span>鎖國政策</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：鎖國政策"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89" class="mw-redirect" title="豐臣秀吉">豐臣秀吉</a>年代開始，日本政府已經發覺西班牙及教會往往會帶來的威脅，為免日本被殖民、防止西方思想傳入以保障國內政治穩定及意圖壟斷對外貿易，於1624年與<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>絕交，亦禁止船隻往來日本及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>，1633年正式頒佈鎖國令，不准已出國之日本人回國，並於1638年<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="島原之亂">島原之亂</a>後，在1639年頒行最後一次鎖國令，禁止與葡萄牙貿易，今後只容許<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>人及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>人在<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E" class="mw-disambig" title="長崎">長崎</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%B3%B6" title="出島">出島</a>進行貿易。（對<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朝鲜王朝">朝鮮</a>貿易則集中在對馬島的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E9%A6%AC%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%AD%E8%97%A9" title="對馬府中藩">對馬府中藩</a>、對<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%A6%E5%A4%B7" title="蝦夷">蝦夷</a>人及西伯利亞民族的毛皮貿易則集中在北海道的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%89%8D%E8%97%A9" title="松前藩">松前藩</a>、另薩摩藩在江戶時代後期也和<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83" title="琉球">琉球</a>進行走私活動）至於其他國家，則一律拒絕和它們來往。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terakoya_for_girls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Terakoya_for_girls.jpg/180px-Terakoya_for_girls.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Terakoya_for_girls.jpg/270px-Terakoya_for_girls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Terakoya_for_girls.jpg/360px-Terakoya_for_girls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="857" /></a><figcaption>寺子屋里的女教师和学生<br />一寸子花里「文学万代之宝」</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shokasonjuku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shokasonjuku.jpg/180px-Shokasonjuku.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shokasonjuku.jpg/270px-Shokasonjuku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shokasonjuku.jpg/360px-Shokasonjuku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%BE%E9%99%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="吉田松陰">吉田松陰</a>開設的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91%E5%A1%BE" title="松下村塾">松下村塾</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="提倡儒學"><span id=".E6.8F.90.E5.80.A1.E5.84.92.E5.AD.B8"></span>提倡儒學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：提倡儒學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德川幕府提倡<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%86%B9" title="朱熹">朱熹</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>學說，希望藉儒家強調的三綱五常，來培養人民忠於幕府的思想，以維持社會穩定。早在德川初年，幕府已经任一些著名儒學者（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%BE%85%E5%B1%B1" title="林羅山">林羅山</a>）為食客，以宣揚這種理念。江戶時代的學校大致分作下列五種： </p> <ul><li>幕府直轄學校：如昌平坂學問所，以武士為對象，帶有強制性</li> <li>藩學：同樣以<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>為對象，規模參照幕府學校，以教授<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="儒學">儒學</a>、漢<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%A9%A9%E8%A9%9E" title="中國古典詩詞">詩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87" class="mw-disambig" title="漢文">漢文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E6%B3%95" title="兵法">兵學</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟">經濟</a>為主，直至幕末時候約有二百餘所；著名者有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E6%B4%A5%E8%97%A9" title="會津藩">會津藩</a>日新館、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%BE%A4%E8%97%A9" title="米澤藩">米澤藩</a>興讓館、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%9C%AC%E8%97%A9" title="熊本藩">熊本藩</a>時習館及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%88%B6%E8%97%A9" title="水戶藩">水戶藩</a>弘道館</li> <li>鄉學：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="幕府">幕府</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A9%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="藩主">藩主</a>在鄉村興辦，以教育富裕<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E6%B0%91" title="庶民">庶民</a>為主</li> <li>私塾：約一千五百間，由著名學者建立，入學者多是慕名而來</li> <li>寺子屋：提供類似現代的小學敎育，學童年齡大都是六至十多歲，以訓練讀、寫及<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="算盤">算盤</a>為主</li></ul> <p>江戶時代的人們教育水平是在中古型態的國家中出奇地高的（就連當時接觸日本的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">歐洲</a>探險者也對其高的識字率感到驚訝），當時的男性少有<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%9B%B2" title="文盲">文盲</a>，女子識字率也較高，一是因為私塾和寺子屋沒有特定收費，富人可繳交<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E9%8C%A2" class="mw-disambig" title="銀錢">銀錢</a>作學費，即使出身寒微，如一般農家也可交以少量<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="农作物">農作物</a>或土產作學費，學費的相較便宜令多數人皆有機會受教，其二隨著商業化，人流物流增加，生活技藝的提高也迫使人們必須識字以維持生計，故當日之日本社會的教育水準是頗高的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="儒家"><span id=".E5.84.92.E5.AE.B6"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：儒家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德川幕府提倡<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%86%B9" title="朱熹">朱熹</a>的儒家學說，在江户时代初期至中期開始流行。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="佛教"><span id=".E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99"></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：佛教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="神道"><span id=".E7.A5.9E.E9.81.93"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="神道">神道</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：神道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基督教"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E7.9D.A3.E6.95.99"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：基督教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89" class="mw-redirect" title="豐臣秀吉">豐臣秀吉</a>時期開始，日本政府就將基督教強制定型為所謂的<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99" title="邪教">邪教</a>。江户幕府初期对基督教采取放任的政策，但在1612年时在幕府直辖领颁布了禁止基督教的命令，次年推及到全国，并于1640年设置宗门改役，掌管禁教事务。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="衰落原因"><span id=".E8.A1.B0.E8.90.BD.E5.8E.9F.E5.9B.A0"></span>衰落原因</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：衰落原因"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="經濟商業化"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F.E5.95.86.E6.A5.AD.E5.8C.96"></span>經濟商業化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：經濟商業化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>江戶時代早期經濟是以農業為主。但因農業收益低，一到艱難時候，農民會無視將軍的禁令，搬遷到城市裡從事貿易。貿易人口大增逐漸發展出一個龐大的工商業人口，足以抗衡舊有政治貴族之勢力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="倒幕思想崛起"><span id=".E5.80.92.E5.B9.95.E6.80.9D.E6.83.B3.E5.B4.9B.E8.B5.B7"></span>倒幕思想崛起</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：倒幕思想崛起"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在江戶末葉，地方上一些藩士逐漸產生出尊王攘夷的思想，並結成軍事聯盟實行倒幕。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外國衝擊"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E5.9C.8B.E8.A1.9D.E6.93.8A"></span>外國衝擊</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：外國衝擊"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1853Yokohama_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1853Yokohama_01.jpg/180px-1853Yokohama_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1853Yokohama_01.jpg/270px-1853Yokohama_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1853Yokohama_01.jpg/360px-1853Yokohama_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E5%9F%B9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="马休·培里">馬休·培里</a>率軍登陸</figcaption></figure> <p>十九世紀中葉，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>海軍將領<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E5%9F%B9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="马休·培里">馬休·培里</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄國">俄國</a>海軍軍官<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8F%90%E9%9B%85%E5%BB%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="普提雅廷">普提雅廷</a>前後來到日本來要脅幕府開國。對於幕府在這方面應對的拙劣，使得各藩的志士（以薩摩藩、水戶藩、長州藩為首）十分氣憤，再加上水戶學、國學的思想昂揚，尊王攘夷，支持朝廷、推翻幕府的倒幕理論於焉而生。藉由復興朝廷來推動日本國內的改革，是當時各藩志士的想法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="內部分化：將軍繼嗣之爭"><span id=".E5.85.A7.E9.83.A8.E5.88.86.E5.8C.96.EF.BC.9A.E5.B0.87.E8.BB.8D.E7.B9.BC.E5.97.A3.E4.B9.8B.E7.88.AD"></span>內部分化：將軍繼嗣之爭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：內部分化：將軍繼嗣之爭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於第十三代將軍<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9A" title="德川家定">德川家定</a>（1824-1858）體弱多病及無子嗣，因而於1858年前後出現水戶藩<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E9%BD%8A%E6%98%AD" title="德川齊昭">德川齊昭</a>之子<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%85%B6%E5%96%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="德川慶喜">德川慶喜</a>（1837年出生，時年21歲，他於1847年過繼一橋家）及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E8%97%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="紀伊藩">紀伊藩</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%A0%86" title="德川齊順">德川齊順</a>之子<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%85%B6%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="德川慶福">德川慶福</a>（13歲）對繼承權之爭奪，由於慶福在血緣上較親及得到最大勢力的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="譜代大名">譜代大名</a>近江<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A5%E6%A0%B9%E8%97%A9" title="彥根藩">彥根藩</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E4%BC%8A%E7%9B%B4%E5%BC%BC" title="井伊直弼">井伊直弼</a>的支持（而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E4%BC%8A%E7%9B%B4%E5%BC%BC" title="井伊直弼">井伊直弼</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E9%BD%8A%E6%98%AD" title="德川齊昭">德川齊昭</a>又在開國問題上意見相左），最後慶福亦成功繼位為第十四代將軍，改稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E8%8C%82" title="德川家茂">德川家茂</a>（1858-1866年）。但由於慶喜有水戶藩及其他反對幕府的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8D%BF" title="公卿">公卿</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>支持，因而加深了幕府權力核心的分化，更將其中一些公卿大名推向倒幕陣營；而家茂淪為井伊的傀儡，亦使各方對幕府領導失信心。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="倒台"><span id=".E5.80.92.E5.8F.B0"></span>倒台</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：倒台"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E5%B9%95%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="倒幕運動">倒幕運動</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E8%BE%B0%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="戊辰戰爭">戊辰戰爭</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombardment_of_Kagoshima_1863_by_E._Roevens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bombardment_of_Kagoshima_1863_by_E._Roevens.jpg/200px-Bombardment_of_Kagoshima_1863_by_E._Roevens.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bombardment_of_Kagoshima_1863_by_E._Roevens.jpg/300px-Bombardment_of_Kagoshima_1863_by_E._Roevens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bombardment_of_Kagoshima_1863_by_E._Roevens.jpg/400px-Bombardment_of_Kagoshima_1863_by_E._Roevens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%8B%B1%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="薩英戰爭">薩英戰爭</a></figcaption></figure> <p>在地方上，一些人根据儒学水户学等理论，认为幕府把持朝政没有根据，形成倒幕思想。美国叩关以后，幕府威信下降，人们对幕府的不满也在加深，尊王攘夷思想在一些地方上成为潮流。最初，倒幕派思想保守，但在與西方列強有過交涉甚至短暫交戰經驗（例如1863年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%8B%B1%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="薩英戰爭">薩英戰爭</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E8%97%A9" title="薩摩藩">薩摩藩</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大英帝國">英國</a>之間發生戰爭、1864年的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E9%97%9C%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="下關戰爭">下關戰爭</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B7%9E%E8%97%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="長州藩">長州藩</a>與英<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西第二帝國">法</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷</a>四國聯軍之間發生戰爭）后攘夷想法逐渐改变。具有倒幕思想的藩士们（<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B7%9E%E8%97%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="長州藩">長州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E4%BD%90%E8%97%A9" title="土佐藩">土佐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E8%97%A9" title="薩摩藩">薩摩</a>等藩），1866年开始结成<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E9%95%B7%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="薩長同盟">军事联盟</a>，并尝试与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>接触，主張倒幕。1867年新繼位的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇">明治天皇</a>向倒幕派送去了许可倒幕的密诏。後來，幕府将军<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%BA%86%E5%96%9C" title="德川庆喜">德川庆喜</a>为了转移矛盾，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%82%E6%9C%AC%E9%BE%8D%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="坂本龍馬">坂本龍馬</a>居間斡旋下，提出「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%A5%89%E9%82%84" class="mw-redirect" title="大政奉還">大政奉還</a>」上奏文，表明将政权归还給天皇，但仍拒绝交出兵权与領地，並計畫利用天皇剛重新掌政，與倒幕派皆對政務運作不熟悉之時，派遣家臣進入政府，藉協助之名掌控政治。倒幕派對於這樣的結果很不甘心，但由於武力倒幕的正當性銳減，因此只好暫時按兵不動。 </p><p>後來，政府內倒幕派與德川派的鬥爭漸趨白熱化。1868年1月3日，明治天皇颁布“<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%8D%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%B7%E4%BB%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="王政复古大号令">王政复古大号令</a>”，宣布废除幕府，并命令德川庆喜“辞官纳地”，将一切权力重新归於天皇。当倒幕派得知德川庆喜決定从大坂（今<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%B8%82" title="大阪市">大阪</a>）出兵進攻时，旋即派出以萨摩藩、长州藩成員为主力的军队，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a>附近的鳥羽、伏見兩地展开<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%BE%BD%E4%BC%8F%E8%A7%81%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="鸟羽伏见之战">激烈战斗</a>。经过三天的交戰，以寡擊眾的新政府，在新式軍隊與精良武器的助威下取得重大胜利，並決定乘勝追擊，派遣东征军攻打德川幕府的中心据点—江户。 </p><p>倒幕派组成了新的政府，揭示基本施政方針的「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E5%BE%A1%E8%AA%93%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="五条御誓文">五条御誓文</a>」則於同年4月6日公布。新政府军、舊幕军雙方決戰江戶之前，幕府代表<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9D%E6%B5%B7%E8%88%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="勝海舟">勝海舟</a>與新政府代表<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%84%89%E9%9A%86%E7%9B%9B" title="西鄉隆盛">西鄉隆盛</a>達成協議：以國家為重，一致對外。1868年5月3日，江戶<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E8%A1%80%E9%96%8B%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="無血開城">無血開城</a>，幕府至此正式瓦解。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="灾害"><span id=".E7.81.BE.E5.AE.B3"></span>灾害</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：灾害"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Musashiabumi_Great_Fire_of_Meireki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Musashiabumi_Great_Fire_of_Meireki.jpg/250px-Musashiabumi_Great_Fire_of_Meireki.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Musashiabumi_Great_Fire_of_Meireki.jpg/375px-Musashiabumi_Great_Fire_of_Meireki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Musashiabumi_Great_Fire_of_Meireki.jpg/500px-Musashiabumi_Great_Fire_of_Meireki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1995" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB" title="明曆大火">明曆大火</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tenmei_Eruption_1783_Mount_Asama_Drawing_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tenmei_Eruption_1783_Mount_Asama_Drawing_1.png/250px-Tenmei_Eruption_1783_Mount_Asama_Drawing_1.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tenmei_Eruption_1783_Mount_Asama_Drawing_1.png/375px-Tenmei_Eruption_1783_Mount_Asama_Drawing_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tenmei_Eruption_1783_Mount_Asama_Drawing_1.png/500px-Tenmei_Eruption_1783_Mount_Asama_Drawing_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%91" title="天明大喷发">天明大喷发</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ansei_Great_Earthquake_1854_1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ansei_Great_Earthquake_1854_1855.jpg/250px-Ansei_Great_Earthquake_1854_1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ansei_Great_Earthquake_1854_1855.jpg/375px-Ansei_Great_Earthquake_1854_1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ansei_Great_Earthquake_1854_1855.jpg/500px-Ansei_Great_Earthquake_1854_1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" class="mw-disambig" title="安政大地震">安政大地震</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要地震"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.9C.B0.E9.9C.87"></span>主要地震</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：主要地震"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慶長地震" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="慶長大地震"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慶長地震（页面不存在）">慶長地震</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" class="extiw" title="ja:慶長大地震"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">慶長大地震</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A5%BF%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="元祿地震">元祿地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E6%B0%B8%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="寶永地震">宝永地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%87%8D%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="八重山地震">八重山地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="安政地震">安政地震</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要火災"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E7.81.AB.E7.81.BD"></span>主要火災</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：主要火災"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E7%81%AB%E7%81%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="江戶火災">江戶三大火災</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB" title="明曆大火">明曆大火</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB" title="明和大火">明和大火</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB" title="文化大火">文化大火</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要火山喷发"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E7.81.AB.E5.B1.B1.E5.96.B7.E5.8F.91"></span>主要火山喷发</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：主要火山喷发"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E6%B0%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%91" title="宝永大喷发">宝永大喷发</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安永大喷发" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="安永大噴火"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%B0%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安永大喷发（页面不存在）">安永大喷发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%B0%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%99%B4%E7%81%AB" class="extiw" title="ja:安永大噴火"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">安永大噴火</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%91" title="天明大喷发">天明大喷发</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%8E%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%B4%A9%E8%82%A5%E5%BE%8C%E7%81%BD%E9%9B%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="島原山崩肥後災難">島原山崩肥後災難</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要饑荒"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E9.A5.91.E8.8D.92"></span>主要饑荒</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：主要饑荒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="江戶四大饑荒">江戶四大饑荒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E6%B0%B8%E5%A4%A7%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="寬永大饑荒">寬永大饑荒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AB%E4%BF%9D%E5%A4%A7%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="享保大饑荒">享保大饑荒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="天明大饑荒">天明大饑荒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BF%9D%E5%A4%A7%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="天保大饑荒">天保大饑荒</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026043855/https://www.britannica.com/place/Japan/The-bakuhan-system">Japan - The bakuhan system</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-01</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Japan/The-bakuhan-system">原始内容</a>存档于2021-10-26） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.atitle=Japan+-+The+bakuhan+system&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FJapan%2FThe-bakuhan-system&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hall (Editor), John Whitney. The Cambridge history of Japan Vol. 4: Early Modern Japan. James L. McClain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-521-22352-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-521-22352-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-521-22352-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/17483588"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 17483588</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.aufirst=John+Whitney&rft.aulast=Hall+%28Editor%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+Japan+Vol.+4%3A+Early+Modern+Japan&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-22352-0&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17483588&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perez, Louis G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan0000pere">The history of Japan</a> 2nd. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-36442-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-36442-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-313-36442-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/277040931"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 277040931</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.au=Perez%2C+Louis+G.&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Japan&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36442-6&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan0000pere&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F277040931&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perez, Louis G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan0000pere">The history of Japan</a> 2nd. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-36442-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-36442-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-313-36442-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/277040931"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 277040931</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.au=Perez%2C+Louis+G.&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Japan&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36442-6&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan0000pere&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F277040931&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:33-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:33_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hall (Editor), John Whitney. The Cambridge history of Japan Vol. 4: Early Modern Japan. James L. McClain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-521-22352-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-521-22352-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-521-22352-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/17483588"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 17483588</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.aufirst=John+Whitney&rft.aulast=Hall+%28Editor%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+Japan+Vol.+4%3A+Early+Modern+Japan&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-22352-0&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17483588&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:32_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hall (Editor), John Whitney. The Cambridge history of Japan Vol. 4: Early Modern Japan. James L. McClain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-521-22352-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-521-22352-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-521-22352-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/17483588"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 17483588</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.aufirst=John+Whitney&rft.aulast=Hall+%28Editor%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+Japan+Vol.+4%3A+Early+Modern+Japan&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-22352-0&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17483588&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:13_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perez, Louis G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan0000pere">The history of Japan</a> 2nd. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-36442-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-36442-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-313-36442-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/277040931"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 277040931</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.au=Perez%2C+Louis+G.&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Japan&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36442-6&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan0000pere&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F277040931&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:14_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perez, Louis G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan0000pere">The history of Japan</a> 2nd. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-36442-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-36442-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-313-36442-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/277040931"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 277040931</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.au=Perez%2C+Louis+G.&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Japan&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36442-6&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan0000pere&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F277040931&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:42_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hane, Mikiso. Premodern Japan : a historical survey. Perez, Louis G. Second. Boulder, CO. 2014. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8133-4970-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8133-4970-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8133-4970-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/895428280"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 895428280</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.aufirst=Mikiso&rft.aulast=Hane&rft.btitle=Premodern+Japan+%3A+a+historical+survey&rft.date=2014&rft.edition=Second&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4970-1&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F895428280&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hane, Mikiso. Premodern Japan : a historical survey. Perez, Louis G. Second. Boulder, CO. 2014. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8133-4970-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8133-4970-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8133-4970-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/895428280"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 895428280</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.aufirst=Mikiso&rft.aulast=Hane&rft.btitle=Premodern+Japan+%3A+a+historical+survey&rft.date=2014&rft.edition=Second&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4970-1&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F895428280&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">第一学习社. 精选日本史B. 日本: 第一学习社. : 115. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-4-8040-5314-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-4-8040-5314-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-4-8040-5314-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.au=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%A4%BE&rft.btitle=%E7%B2%BE%E9%80%89%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%B2B&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-4-8040-5314-1&rft.pages=115&rft.place=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.pub=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CODH-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CODH_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213034514/http://codh.rois.ac.jp/pmjt/book/200021654/">農業全書日本古典籍データセット - ROIS-DS人文学オープンデータ共同利用センター(CODH)</a>. 人文学オープンデータ共同利用センター(CODH). <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-04-13</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://codh.rois.ac.jp/pmjt/book/200021654/">原始内容</a>存档于2021-12-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.atitle=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88+-+ROIS-DS%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%28CODH%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%28CODH%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcodh.rois.ac.jp%2Fpmjt%2Fbook%2F200021654%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF矢嶋道文2010" class="citation journal">矢嶋道文. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kguopac.kanto-gakuin.ac.jp/webopac/NI20000949">宮崎安貞『農業全書』と「薬種」栽培法の意義 : 国民生活の視点からみた輸入漢方(長崎貿易)と在来薬種との関連</a>. 関東学院大学文学部紀要 (関東学院大学人文学会). 2010-12,. 120/121 (2): 323–360.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%B2%9E%E3%80%8E%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8F%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8C%E8%96%AC%E7%A8%AE%E3%80%8D%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E6%B3%95%E3%81%AE%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9+%3A+%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%82%B9%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9F%E8%BC%B8%E5%85%A5%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%B9%28%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%29%E3%81%A8%E5%9C%A8%E6%9D%A5%E8%96%AC%E7%A8%AE%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AE%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3&rft.au=%E7%9F%A2%E5%B6%8B%E9%81%93%E6%96%87&rft.date=2010-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E9%96%A2%E6%9D%B1%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E9%83%A8%E7%B4%80%E8%A6%81&rft.pages=323-360&rft.volume=120%2F121&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkguopac.kanto-gakuin.ac.jp%2Fwebopac%2FNI20000949&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="來源"><span id=".E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90"></span>來源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：來源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Charles J. Dunn，<b>Everyday Life in Traditional Japan</b>，Tokyo:Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1969. </i></li> <li>依田熹家，简明日本通史，上海辽东出版社，2004</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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title="德川將軍家">德川將軍家</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="征夷大將軍">征夷大將軍</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;border-right: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; font-size:90%;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7" title="慶長">慶長</a>8年（<a href="/wiki/1603%E5%B9%B4" title="1603年">1603年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7" title="德川家康">德川家康</a></b><br />慶長10年（<a href="/wiki/1605%E5%B9%B4" title="1605年">1605年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E7%A7%80%E5%BF%A0" title="德川秀忠">德川秀忠</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%92%8C_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="元和 (日本)">元和</a>9年（<a href="/wiki/1623%E5%B9%B4" title="1623年">1623年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%89" title="德川家光">德川家光</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E5%AE%89_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" class="mw-redirect" title="慶安 (年號)">慶安</a>4年（<a href="/wiki/1651%E5%B9%B4" title="1651年">1651年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E7%B6%B1" title="德川家綱">德川家綱</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AF%B6" title="延寶">延寶</a>8年（<a href="/wiki/1680%E5%B9%B4" title="1680年">1680年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E7%B6%B1%E5%90%89" title="德川綱吉">德川綱吉</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;border-right: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; font-size:90%;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E6%B0%B8" title="寶永">寶永</a>6年（<a href="/wiki/1709%E5%B9%B4" title="1709年">1709年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%A3" title="德川家宣">德川家宣</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%BE%B7_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="正德 (日本)">正德</a>3年（<a href="/wiki/1713%E5%B9%B4" title="1713年">1713年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E7%B9%BC" title="德川家繼">德川家繼</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AB%E4%BF%9D" title="享保">享保</a>元年（<a href="/wiki/1716%E5%B9%B4" title="1716年">1716年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%90%89%E5%AE%97" title="德川吉宗">德川吉宗</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E4%BA%AB" title="延享">延享</a>2年（<a href="/wiki/1745%E5%B9%B4" title="1745年">1745年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E9%87%8D" title="德川家重">德川家重</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E6%9B%86_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="寶曆 (日本)">寶曆</a>10年（<a href="/wiki/1760%E5%B9%B4" title="1760年">1760年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E6%B2%BB" title="德川家治">德川家治</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;border-right: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; font-size:90%;;;;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%98%8E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="天明 (日本)">天明</a>7年（<a href="/wiki/1787%E5%B9%B4" title="1787年">1787年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E9%BD%8A" title="德川家齊">德川家齊</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BF%9D_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="天保 (日本)">天保</a>8年（<a href="/wiki/1837%E5%B9%B4" title="1837年">1837年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E6%85%B6" title="德川家慶">德川家慶</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E6%B0%B8" title="嘉永">嘉永</a>6年（<a href="/wiki/1853%E5%B9%B4" title="1853年">1853年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9A" title="德川家定">德川家定</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%94%BF" title="安政">安政</a>5年（<a href="/wiki/1858%E5%B9%B4" title="1858年">1858年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E8%8C%82" title="德川家茂">德川家茂</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E6%87%89" title="慶應">慶應</a>2年（<a href="/wiki/1866%E5%B9%B4" title="1866年">1866年</a>）：<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%BA%86%E5%96%9C" title="德川庆喜">德川庆喜</a></b> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E3%81%A4%E8%91%89%E8%91%B5#三つ葉葵" title="三つ葉葵"><img alt="三つ葉葵" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/80px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/120px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mitsubaaoi.svg/160px-Mitsubaaoi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span>  </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: right; font-size:90%;"><div>※ 名前之前的年號為就任年</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=江户时代&oldid=83632527">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=江户时代&oldid=83632527</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="Category:江戶時代">江戶時代</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%90%84%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:日本各時期歷史">日本各時期歷史</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" 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