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To understand the scope of Horizon's services, please read the configuring section before you move on to the prerequisites for computation."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="The Horizon service is responsible for synchronizing with the Stellar network and processing ledger data. 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aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">APIs</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/docs/data/apis/horizon"><span itemprop="name">Horizon</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/docs/data/apis/horizon/admin-guide"><span itemprop="name">Admin Guide</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Prerequisites</span><meta itemprop="position" content="4"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Prerequisites</h1></header><div class="row"><div class="col col--12 markdown"><p>The Horizon service is responsible for synchronizing with the Stellar network and processing ledger data. To understand the scope of Horizon's services, please read the <a href="/docs/data/apis/horizon/admin-guide/configuring">configuring</a> section before you move on to the prerequisites for computation.</p> <p>The Horizon service can be <a href="/docs/data/apis/horizon/admin-guide/installing">installed</a> on bare metal or a virtual machine. It is natively supported on both Linux and Windows operating systems.</p> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="single-instance-deployment-model">Single Instance Deployment Model<a href="#single-instance-deployment-model" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Single Instance Deployment Model" title="Direct link to Single Instance Deployment Model"></a></h2> <p>For a basic setup using the <a href="/docs/data/apis/horizon/admin-guide/configuring#single-instance-deployment">Single Instance Deployment model</a>, you will need a sum of two distinct compute profiles:</p> <ul> <li>One for hosting the Horizon service</li> <li>Another for hosting the PostgreSQL server</li> </ul> <h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="hardware-requirements">Hardware requirements<a href="#hardware-requirements" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Hardware requirements" title="Direct link to Hardware requirements"></a></h3> <p>The minimum hardware specifications to effectively run Horizon are as follows:</p> <h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="horizon-compute-instance">Horizon Compute Instance:<a href="#horizon-compute-instance" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Horizon Compute Instance:" title="Direct link to Horizon Compute Instance:"></a></h4> <table><thead><tr><th>Node Type</th><th>CPU</th><th>RAM</th><th>Disk</th><th>AWS SKU</th><th>Google Cloud SKU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Horizon API Service</td><td>4 vCPU</td><td>16 GB</td><td>100 GB SSD >= 3K IOPS</td><td>[c5d.xlarge]</td><td><a href="https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#n4-standard" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">n4-standard-4</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><em>* Assuming a 30-day retention window for data storage.</em></p> <h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="postgresql-database-server-compute-instance">PostgreSQL Database Server Compute Instance:<a href="#postgresql-database-server-compute-instance" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to PostgreSQL Database Server Compute Instance:" title="Direct link to PostgreSQL Database Server Compute Instance:"></a></h4> <table><thead><tr><th>Node Type</th><th>CPU</th><th>RAM</th><th>Disk</th><th>AWS SKU</th><th>Google Cloud SKU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Horizon PostgreSQL</td><td>4 vCPU</td><td>32 GB</td><td>2 TB* SSD (NVMe or Direct Attached Storage) >= 7K IOPS</td><td><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/i4g/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">i4g.xlarge</a></td><td><a href="https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#c3_machine_types" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">c3-highmem-8</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><em>* Assuming a 30-day retention window for data storage.</em></p> <p>Please note that a minimum of PostgreSQL version 12 is required.</p> <p>These specifications assume a 30-day retention window for data storage. For a longer retention window, the system requirements will be higher. For more information about data ingestion, history retention, and managing storage, check the <a href="/docs/data/apis/horizon/admin-guide/ingestion">ingestion</a> section.</p> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="multiple-instance-deployment">Multiple Instance Deployment<a href="#multiple-instance-deployment" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Multiple Instance Deployment" title="Direct link to Multiple Instance Deployment"></a></h2> <p>To achieve high availability, redundancy, and high throughput, refer to the <a href="/docs/data/apis/horizon/admin-guide/scaling">scaling</a> documentation. It provides a detailed overview of several different deployment strategies you can employ, depending on the SLA you need your Horizon instance to achieve.</p> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="network-access">Network Access<a href="#network-access" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Network Access" title="Direct link to Network Access"></a></h2> <ul> <li> <p>Ensure that the Horizon instance can establish a connection with the PostgreSQL database instance. The default port for PostgreSQL is 5432.</p> </li> <li> <p>A stable and fast network connection with the Internet is required for any Horizon instance running the ingestion role. This is to ensure it has efficient outbound connectivity to remote hosts in the <a href="/docs/validators/admin-guide/configuring#choosing-your-quorum-set">quorum set</a> and <a href="/docs/validators/admin-guide/environment-preparation#history-archives">archive urls</a> for the chosen Stellar network. During ingestion, the Horizon instance communicates with these hosts, receiving network transaction data through its local captive core sub-process.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note admonition_xJq3 alert alert--secondary"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>note</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>Hardware requirements may increase as the Stellar network grows and/or if you're sharing resources or using custom configs.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col col--12"><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/stellar/stellar-docs/edit/main/docs/data/apis/horizon/admin-guide/prerequisites.mdx" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime="2025-03-12T01:22:12.000Z" itemprop="dateModified">Mar 12, 2025</time></b> by 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