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class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"BJP" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/BJP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="BJP (disambiguation)">BJP (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[bʱaːɾətiːjə dʒənətaː paːɾʈiː]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b2\/Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg\/Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Hindi-Bharatiya Janata Party.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg/Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Hindi-Bharatiya_Janata_Party.ogg" title="File:Hindi-Bharatiya Janata Party.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Indian People's Party') is a political party in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and one of the two major <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Indian political parties</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Since 2014, it has been the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">ruling political party in India</a> under the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zeenews-25May19-37">[37]</a> The BJP is aligned with <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing politics</a> and has close ideological and organisational links to the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS), a <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramilitary organization">paramilitary organisation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Its policies adhere to <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalist</a> ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanerjee20053118-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318-41">[41]</a> As of January 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&action=edit">[update]</a> it is the country's biggest political party in terms of representation in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">state legislatures</a>. <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF9933; border-bottom:2px solid #FF9933; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Bharatiya Janata Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharatiya_Janata_Party_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_logo.svg/180px-Bharatiya_Janata_Party_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_logo.svg/270px-Bharatiya_Janata_Party_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_logo.svg/360px-Bharatiya_Janata_Party_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="159"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">BJP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary (Organisation): <a href="/wiki/B._L._Santhosh" title="B. L. Santhosh">B. L. Santhosh</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Other General Secretaries</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> Joint General Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Prakash" title="Shiv Prakash">Shiv Prakash</a> General Secretaries: <a href="/wiki/Arun_Singh_(Indian_politician)" title="Arun Singh (Indian politician)">Arun Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Vijayvargiya" title="Kailash Vijayvargiya">Kailash Vijayvargiya</a> <a href="/wiki/Dushyant_Kumar_Gautam" title="Dushyant Kumar Gautam">Dushyant Kumar Gautam</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarun_Chugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarun Chugh (page does not exist)">Tarun Chugh</a> <a href="/wiki/Vinod_Tawde" title="Vinod Tawde">Vinod Tawde</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunil_Bansal" title="Sunil Bansal">Sunil Bansal</a> <a href="/wiki/Bandi_Sanjay_Kumar" title="Bandi Sanjay Kumar">Bandi Sanjay Kumar</a> <a href="/wiki/Radha_Mohan_Das_Agarwal" title="Radha Mohan Das Agarwal">Radha Mohan Das Agarwal</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Presidium" title="Presidium">Presidium</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive</a><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliamentary</a> Chairperson</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader of the House in Lok Sabha</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:3000-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Treasurer</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Agarwal" title="Rajesh Agarwal">Rajesh Agarwal</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> &</li><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a><a href="#cite_note-:3001-6">[6]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">6 April 1980 (44 years ago) (1980-04-06)<a href="#cite_note-:4000-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a><a href="#cite_note-:4000-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a> (1951–1977)<a href="#cite_note-:4000-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> (1977–1980)<a href="#cite_note-:4000-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">6-A, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Sandesh" title="Kamal Sandesh">Kamal Sandesh</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Kamal Barta (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Think tank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Public Policy Research Centre<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thinktank-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a> (unofficial)<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_wing" title="Women's wing">Women's wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/BJP_Mahila_Morcha" title="BJP Mahila Morcha">BJP Mahila Morcha</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Labour wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Peasant's wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">BJP Kisan Morcha<a href="#cite_note-KisanMorcha-17">[17]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_India" title="Conservatism in India">Indian</a>)<a href="#cite_note-mathewjoh-18">[18]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a><a href="#cite_note-Surajit_2017-19">[19]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a><a href="#cite_note-Angana.p-21">[21]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336Banerjee20053118BBC2012-24">[24]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a><a href="#cite_note-Davies-25">[25]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Democracy_Union" title="Asia Pacific Democracy Union">Asia Pacific Democracy Union</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> Saffron<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">ECI</a> Status</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#National_parties" title="List of political parties in India">National Party</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2013-28">[28]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Alliance</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">All India</a>)<a href="#cite_note-bjp0right-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maha_Yuti" title="Maha Yuti">MY</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>) <a href="/wiki/North-East_Democratic_Alliance" title="North-East Democratic Alliance">NEDA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>)<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">240 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (540 MPs & 1 Vacant)<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">96 / 245<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (225 MPs & 10 Vacant)<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Assembly (India)">State Legislative Assemblies</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">1,478 / 4,036<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (4013 MLAs & 23 Vacant) (<a href="#Current_seats_in_State_Legislative_Assemblies">see complete list</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Council_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Council (India)">State Legislative Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">165 / 426<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (403 MLCs & 23 Vacant) (<a href="#Current_seats_in_State_Legislative_councils">see complete list</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Number of states and union territories in government</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">20 / 31<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> (28 States and 3 UTs)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus flower">Lotus</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_flower_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/100px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/150px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/200px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="330"></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BJP_flag.svg/180px-BJP_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BJP_flag.svg/270px-BJP_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BJP_flag.svg/360px-BJP_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bjp.org/">www.bjp.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10230#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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.side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/40px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/60px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/80px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="28"></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic text</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">question marks or boxes</a>, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.</div></div> </div> The party's origins lie in the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a>, which was founded in 1951 by Indian politician <a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a>, after he left <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a> to form a party as the political wing of RSS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200160-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> After <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">the Emergency</a> of 1975–1977, the Jana Sangh merged with several other political parties to form the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a>; it defeated the then-incumbent Indian National Congress in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">1977 general election</a>. After three years in power, the Janata Party dissolved in 1980, with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the modern-day BJP. Although initially unsuccessful—winning only two seats in the <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984 general election</a>, it grew in strength on the back of the movement around <a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi" title="Ram Janmabhoomi">Ram Janmabhoomi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>. Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections, the BJP became the largest political party in the Parliament in 1996; however, it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament, and its government, under its then-leader <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, lasted for only 13 days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633-44">[44]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998 general election</a>, the BJP-led coalition known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> (NDA) under prime minister Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year. Following fresh elections, the NDA government—again headed by Vajpayee—lasted for a full term in office; this was the first non-Congress government to do so. In the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004 general election</a>, the NDA suffered an unexpected defeat, and for the next ten years, the BJP was the principal opposition party. Narendra Modi, then the <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="List of chief ministers of Gujarat">chief minister of Gujarat</a>, led the party to a landslide victory in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 general election</a>. Modi has since led the NDA government as Indian prime minister, including being re-elected with a sole majority in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 general election</a> and with a coalition in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 general election</a>. As of December 2023,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&action=edit">[update]</a> the alliance governs 17 Indian states and union territories. The official ideology of the BJP is <a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">integral humanism</a>, first formulated by <a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a> in 1965. The party advocates <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservatism</a> and a foreign policy centred on nationalist principles. During its first period in national government, the BJP avoided its Hindu nationalist priorities, and focused on a largely <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">liberal economic policy</a> that prioritised <a href="/wiki/Globalization_in_India" title="Globalization in India">globalisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">economic growth</a> over <a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_India" title="Social security in India">social welfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005251%E2%80%93272-45">[45]</a> Since returning to government in 2014, the BJP government has enacted several priorities of the RSS, including criminalising the practice of <a href="/wiki/Triple_talaq_in_India" title="Triple talaq in India">triple talaq</a>, and revoking <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370 of the Constitution of India</a> (which granted autonomy to <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">abrogating its statehood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632%E2%80%93650-46">[46]</a> India has experienced nationwide <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_by_country#India" title="Democratic backsliding by country">democratic backsliding</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">BJP's rule since 2014</a>.<a href="#cite_note-v-dem.net_briefing_paper_9-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-v-dem.net_Democracy_Report_2021-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_Democratic_Backsliding-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ashoka_Democratic_Backsliding-50">[50]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name,_symbol,_and_themes">1 Name, symbol, and themes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Precursors">2 Precursors</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh_(1951%E2%80%9377)">2.1 Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951–77)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Janata_Party_(1977%E2%80%9380)">2.2 Janata Party (1977–80)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#History">3 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Formation_and_early_days">3.1 Formation and early days</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Ram_Janmabhoomi_movement">3.2 Ram Janmabhoomi movement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Vajpayee_and_Advani_era_(1996%E2%80%932004)">3.3 Vajpayee and Advani era (1996–2004)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#2002_Gujarat_violence">3.3.1 2002 Gujarat violence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#In_opposition_(2004%E2%80%932014)">3.4 In opposition (2004–2014)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Modi_era_(2014%E2%80%93present)">3.5 Modi era (2014–present)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Ideology_and_political_positions">4 Ideology and political positions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Social_policies_and_Hindutva">4.1 Social policies and Hindutva</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Economic_policies">4.2 Economic policies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Defence_and_counterterrorism">4.3 Defence and counterterrorism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Foreign_policy">4.4 Foreign policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Organisation_and_structure">5 Organisation and structure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#General_election_results">6 General election results</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Presence_in_states_and_Union_Territories">7 Presence in states and Union Territories</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#List_of_heads_of_government">8 List of heads of government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#List_of_prime_ministers">8.1 List of prime ministers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#List_of_incumbent_chief_ministers">8.2 List of incumbent chief ministers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#References">10 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Explanatory_notes">10.1 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Citations">10.2 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#General_and_cited_sources">10.3 General and cited sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Name,_symbol,_and_themes">Name, symbol, and themes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_FLAG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BJP_FLAG.jpg/220px-BJP_FLAG.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="323"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 111px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BJP_FLAG.jpg/220px-BJP_FLAG.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="111" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BJP_FLAG.jpg/330px-BJP_FLAG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/BJP_FLAG.jpg/440px-BJP_FLAG.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>BJP flag being flown in one of its <a href="/wiki/Campaign_rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign rally">campaign rallies</a>.</figcaption></figure> The name as well as the symbol of the party were selected by the founders. The name "Bharatiya Janata Party" literally translates to "Indian People's Party". The Symbol of the party is the flower <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Lotus has a cultural significance within India as well as <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. The symbol has been regarded as a symbol of peace and prosperity within Hinduism. Likewise, during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence movement of India</a>, the symbol was used by <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalist</a> as a symbol of revolt against the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Lotus is also recognised as the <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_India" title="National symbols of India">national flower of India</a>. Thus, use of the symbol gives the party a nationalist as well as Hindutva appeal.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Besides these, the party also heavily uses the <a href="/wiki/Saffron_(color)" title="Saffron (color)">Saffron</a> colour in its promotional materials and campaigning. Similar to Lotus, the Saffron colour also has a major significance within Hinduism.<a href="#cite_note-:0-54">[54]</a> The most common flag used by the party is predominantly saffron with a stripe of green in the left. Within the Saffron part of the flag, the lotus symbol is also integrated.<a href="#cite_note-:1-55">[55]</a> This particular colour scheme used in the flag assists the party to project itself as a <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">secular</a> party. Meanwhile, this also helps the party to maintain a religious undertone for its core electorate and <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Hindu nationalistic supporter groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-55">[55]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Precursors">Precursors</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh_(1951–77)">Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951–77)</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Influential figures</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/220px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="728"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 281px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/220px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="281" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/330px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/440px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mookerjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Syama Prasad Mookerjee">Syama Prasad Mookerjee</a>, founder-president of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Lkadvani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/220px-Lkadvani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1309"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 294px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/220px-Lkadvani.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="294" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/330px-Lkadvani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/440px-Lkadvani.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>, the last president of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></div> The BJP's origins lie in the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a>, popularly known as the Jana Sangh, founded by <a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a> in 1951 in response to the politics of the dominant <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">National Congress party</a>. It was founded in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalist</a> volunteer organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS), and was widely regarded as the political arm of the RSS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorani1978216-56">[56]</a> The Jana Sangh's aims included the protection of India's "Hindu" cultural identity, in addition to countering what it perceived to be the appeasement of Muslim people and the country of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress party</a> and then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>. The RSS loaned several of its leading <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">pracharaks</a>, or full-time workers, to the Jana Sangh to get the new party off the ground. Prominent among these was <a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a>, who was appointed General Secretary. The Jana Sangh won only three <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats in the <a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">first general elections in 1952</a>. It maintained a minor presence in parliament until 1967.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996116%E2%80%93119-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007136-58">[58]</a> The Jana Sangh's first major campaign, begun in early 1953, centred on a demand for the complete integration of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> into India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007250-59">[59]</a> Mukherjee was arrested in May 1953 for violating orders from the state government restraining him from entering Kashmir. He died of a heart attack the following month, while still in jail.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007250-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mauli_Chandra_Sharma" title="Mauli Chandra Sharma">Mauli Chandra Sharma</a> was elected to succeed Mukherjee; however, he was forced out of power by the RSS activists within the party, and the leadership went instead to Upadhyaya. Upadhyay remained the General Secretary until 1967, and worked to build a committed grassroots organisation in the image of the RSS. The party minimised engagement with the public, focusing instead on building its network of propagandists. Upadhyaya also articulated the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">integral humanism</a>, which formed the official doctrine of the party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996122%E2%80%93126,_129%E2%80%93130-60">[60]</a> Younger leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> and <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> also became involved with the leadership in this period, with Vajpayee succeeding Upadhyaya as president in 1968. The major themes on the party's agenda during this period were legislating a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code#Hindu_Code_Bill_and_addition_to_the_Directive_Principles" title="Uniform Civil Code">uniform civil code</a>, banning <a href="/wiki/Cattle_in_religion_and_mythology#Hinduism" title="Cattle in religion and mythology">cow slaughter</a> and abolishing the <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">special status given to Jammu and Kashmir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007250,_352,_413-61">[61]</a> After assembly elections across the country in 1967, the party entered into a coalition with several other parties, including the <a href="/wiki/Swatantra_Party" title="Swatantra Party">Swatantra Party</a> and the socialists. It formed governments in various states across the <a href="/wiki/Hindi_Belt" title="Hindi Belt">Hindi Belt</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>. It was the first time the Jana Sangh held political office, albeit within a coalition; this caused the shelving of the Jana Sangh's more radical agenda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007427%E2%80%93428-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Janata_Party_(1977–80)">Janata Party (1977–80)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a></div> In 1975, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> imposed a <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">state of emergency</a>. The Jana Sangh took part in the widespread protests, with thousands of its members being imprisoned along with other agitators across the country. In 1977, the emergency was withdrawn and general elections were held. The Jana Sangh merged with parties from across the political spectrum, including the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Socialist Party (India)">Socialist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">Congress (O)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Lok_Dal" title="Bharatiya Lok Dal">Bharatiya Lok Dal</a> to form the Janata Party, with its main agenda being defeating Indira Gandhi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007136-58">[58]</a> The Janata Party won a majority in 1977 and formed a government with <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> as Prime Minister. The former Jana Sangh contributed the largest tally to the Janata Party's parliamentary contingent, with 93 seats or 31% of its strength. <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a>, previously the leader of the Jana Sangh, was appointed the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007538%E2%80%93540-63">[63]</a> The national leadership of the former Jana Sangh consciously renounced its identity, and attempted to integrate with the political culture of the Janata Party, based on Gandhian and Hindu traditionalist principles. Political scientist <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Christophe Jaffrelot</a> wrote that this proved to be impossible assimilation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996282%E2%80%93283-64">[64]</a> The state and local levels of the Jana Sangh remained relatively unchanged, retaining a strong association with the RSS, which did not sit well with the moderate centre-right constituents of the Party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996292%E2%80%93301,_312-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Violence between Hindus and Muslims</a> increased sharply during the years that the Janata Party formed the government, with former Jana Sangha members being implicated in the riots in <a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a> in 1978–79.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The other major constituents of the Janata Party demanded that the former Jana Sangh members should dissociate themselves from the RSS, which they refused to do. Eventually, a fragment of the Janata Party broke off to form the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party_(Secular)" title="Janata Party (Secular)">Janata Party (Secular)</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Morarji_Desai" title="Premiership of Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai government</a> was reduced to a minority in the Parliament, forcing Desai's resignation. Following a brief period of coalition rule, general elections were held in 1980, in which the Janata Party fared poorly, winning only 31 seats. In April 1980, shortly after the elections, the National Executive Council of the Janata Party banned its members from being 'dual members' of party and the RSS. In response, the former Jana Sangh members left to create a new political party, known as the Bharatiya Janata Party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996301%E2%80%93312-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007538%E2%80%93540-63">[63]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_and_early_days">Formation and early days</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Influential figures</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/220px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/220px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/330px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/440px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, the founder-president of the Bharatiya Janata Party</div></div></div></div></div> Although the newly formed BJP was technically distinct from the Jana Sangh, the bulk of its rank and file were identical to its predecessor, with Vajpayee being its first president.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Guha" title="Ramachandra Guha">Ramachandra Guha</a> writes that the early 1980s were marked by a wave of violence between Hindus and Muslims. The BJP initially moderated the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalist</a> stance of its predecessor the Jana Sangh to gain a wider appeal, emphasising its links to the Janata Party and the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian socialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336-68">[68]</a> This was unsuccessful, as it won only two <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats in the <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">elections of 1984</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336-68">[68]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Indira_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Indira Gandhi">assassination of Indira Gandhi</a> a few months earlier resulted in a wave of support for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a> which won a record tally of 414 seats, contributing to the low number for the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007579-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ram_Janmabhoomi_movement">Ram Janmabhoomi movement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Ram Rath Yatra</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">Ayodhya dispute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">Demolition of the Babri Masjid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Advani_Yatra_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/220px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="922"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 251px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/220px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="251" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/330px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/440px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Ram Rath Yatra</a></figcaption></figure> The failure of Vajpayee's moderate strategy led to a shift in the ideology of the party toward a policy of more hardline Hindu nationalism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPai19961170%E2%80%931183-70">[70]</a> In 1984, Advani was appointed president of the party, and under him it became the political voice of the <a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi" title="Ram Janmabhoomi">Ram Janmabhoomi</a> movement. In the early 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> (VHP) began a campaign for the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir" title="Ram Mandir">temple</a> dedicated to the Hindu deity <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">disputed site</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a>. The mosque had been constructed by the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> in 1527. There is a dispute about whether a temple once stood there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJha2003-71">[71]</a> The agitation was on the basis of the belief that the site is the birthplace of Rama, and that a temple had been demolished to construct the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlint2005165-72">[72]</a> The BJP threw its support behind this campaign and made it a part of their election platform. It won 86 <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats in 1989, a tally which made its support crucial to the <a href="/wiki/Third_Front_(India)#National_Front_(1989%E2%80%931991)" title="Third Front (India)">National Front</a> government of <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007582%E2%80%93598-73">[73]</a> In September 1990, Advani began a <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Rath Yatra</a> (chariot journey) to Ayodhya in support of the Ram temple movement. According to Guha, the imagery employed by the yatra was "religious, allusive, militant, masculine, and anti-Muslim".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007635-74">[74]</a> Advani was placed under preventive detention on the orders of the then <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> chief minister <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a>. A large number of <a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">kar sevaks</a> (religious volunteers) nonetheless converged at Ayodhya, and some attacked the mosque. Three days of fighting with the paramilitary forces ended with the deaths of several kar sevaks. Hindus were urged by VHP to "take revenge" for these deaths, resulting in riots against Muslims across Uttar Pradesh. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007636-75">[75]</a> The BJP withdrew its support from the V.P. Singh government, leading to fresh general elections. The BJP further increased its tally to 120 seats, and won a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> assembly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633%E2%80%93659-76">[76]</a> On 6 December 1992, the RSS and its affiliates organised a rally involving more than 100,000 VHP and BJP activists at the site of the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633%E2%80%93659-76">[76]</a> The rally developed into a frenzied attack that ended with the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">demolition of the mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633%E2%80%93659-76">[76]</a> Over the following weeks, waves of violence between Hindus and Muslims erupted all over the country, killing over 2,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633%E2%80%93659-76">[76]</a> The government briefly banned the VHP, and many BJP leaders, including Advani were arrested for making inflammatory speeches provoking the demolition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENDTV2012-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2009-78">[78]</a> Several historians have said that the demolition was the product of a conspiracy by the Sangh Parivar, and not a spontaneous act.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633%E2%80%93659-76">[76]</a> In the parliamentary elections in 1996, the BJP capitalised on the communal polarisation that followed the demolition to win 161 Lok Sabha seats, making it the largest party in parliament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633-44">[44]</a> Vajpayee was sworn in as Prime Minister but was unable to attain a majority in the Lok Sabha, forcing the government to resign after 13 days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633-44">[44]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Liberhan_Commission" title="Liberhan Commission">2009 report</a>, authored by Justice <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh_Liberhan" title="Manmohan Singh Liberhan">Manmohan Singh Liberhan</a>, found that 68 people were responsible for the demolition, mostly leaders from the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2009-78">[78]</a> Among those named were Vajpayee, Advani, and <a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a>. The report also criticised <a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a>, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh during the demolition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2009-78">[78]</a> He was accused of posting bureaucrats and police officers who would stay silent during the demolition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2009-78">[78]</a> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> acquitted all of the accused in the demolition including Advani and Joshi.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Supreme_Court_verdict_on_Ayodhya_dispute" title="2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute">2019 Supreme Court verdict</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> announced a trust to construct the Mandir. On 22 January 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir" title="Ram Mandir">Ram Mandir</a> was officially opened.<a href="#cite_note-:0-54">[54]</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> led its consecration, claiming it to be the start of a new era.<a href="#cite_note-:0-54">[54]</a> The temple is expected to be fully completed by December 2024.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vajpayee_and_Advani_era_(1996–2004)">Vajpayee and Advani era (1996–2004)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a></div> A coalition of regional parties formed the government in 1996, but this grouping was short-lived, and mid-term polls were held in 1998. The BJP contested the elections leading a coalition called the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> (NDA), which contained its existing allies like the <a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a> in addition to the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> (AIADMK) and the <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a>. Among these regional parties, the Shiv Sena was the only one that had an ideology similar to the BJP; <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>, for example, called the coalition an "ad hoc" grouping.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005254-81">[81]</a> The NDA had a majority with outside support from the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a> (TDP) and Vajpayee returned as Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTErediff.com1998-82">[82]</a> However, the coalition ruptured in May 1999 when the leader of AIADMK, <a href="/wiki/J._Jayalalithaa" title="J. Jayalalithaa">J. Jayalalithaa</a>, withdrew her support, and fresh elections were held again.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOutlook2013-83">[83]</a> On 13 October 1999, without the AIADMK, the NDA won 303 seats in parliament and thus an outright majority. The BJP had its highest-ever tally of 183. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for the third time; Advani became Deputy Prime Minister<a href="#cite_note-84">[a]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs Minister</a>. This NDA government lasted its full term of five years. Its policy agenda included a more aggressive stance on defence and terror and <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neo-liberal</a> economic policies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005251%E2%80%93272-45">[45]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Bangaru_Laxman" title="Bangaru Laxman">Bangaru Laxman</a>, then the BJP president, was filmed accepting a bribe in <a href="/wiki/Operation_West_End" title="Operation West End">a sting operation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKattakayam2012-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndia_Today2001-86">[85]</a> He was compelled to resign and was subsequently prosecuted, eventually being sentenced to four years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETehelka2001-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2002_Gujarat_violence">2002 Gujarat violence</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Gujarat violence">2002 Gujarat violence</a></div> On 27 February 2002, a <a href="/wiki/Godhra_train_burning" title="Godhra train burning">train carrying Hindu pilgrims was burned</a> outside the town of <a href="/wiki/Godhra" title="Godhra">Godhra</a>, killing 59 people. The incident was seen as an attack upon Hindus, and sparked off massive anti-Muslim violence across the state of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> that lasted several weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhassem-Fachandi20121%E2%80%9331-88">[87]</a> The death toll estimated was as high as 2000, while 150,000 were displaced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot201316-89">[88]</a> Rape, mutilation, and torture were also widespread.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot201316-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2012-90">[89]</a> The then-Gujarat chief minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> and several high-ranking government officials were accused of initiating and condoning the violence, as were police officers who allegedly directed the rioters and gave them lists of Muslim-owned properties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan2012-91">[90]</a> In April 2009, a Special Investigation Team (SIT) was appointed by the Supreme Court to investigate and expedite the Gujarat riots cases. In 2012, Modi was cleared of complicity in the violence by the SIT. BJP <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">MLA</a> <a href="/wiki/Maya_Kodnani" title="Maya Kodnani">Maya Kodnani</a>, who later held a cabinet portfolio in the Modi government, was convicted of having orchestrated one of the riots and sentenced to 28 years imprisonment;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHindustan_Times2014-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENDTV.com2012-93">[92]</a> she was later acquitted by the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_High_Court" title="Gujarat High Court">Gujarat High Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Brass" title="Paul Brass">Paul Brass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dipankar_Gupta" title="Dipankar Gupta">Dipankar Gupta</a> have said that there was a high level of state complicity in the incidents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrass2005385%E2%80%93393-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta2011252-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum20082-97">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_opposition_(2004–2014)">In opposition (2004–2014)</h3></div> Vajpayee called for <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">early elections in 2004</a>, six months ahead of schedule. The NDA's campaign was based on the slogan "<a href="/wiki/India_Shining" title="India Shining">India Shining</a>", which sought to depict it as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamesh2004-98">[97]</a> However, the NDA unexpectedly suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 186 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, compared to the 222 of the Congress and its allies. <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> succeeded Vajpayee as Prime Minister as the head of the <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a>. The NDA's failure to reach out to rural Indians was provided as an explanation for its defeat, as was its divisive policy agenda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamesh2004-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Hindu2004-99">[98]</a> In May 2008, the BJP won the <a href="/wiki/2008_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">state elections in Karnataka</a>. This was the first time that the party won assembly elections in any <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South Indian</a> state. In the <a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009 general elections</a>, its strength in the Lok Sabha was reduced to 116 seats. The election campaign would be the final for Advani as leader. The party would be led by <a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a> in the Rajya Sabha and <a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a> in the Lok Sabha for the following 5 years. It lost the <a href="/wiki/2013_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">Karnataka assembly election</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHindustan_Times2009-100">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modi_era_(2014–present)">Modi era (2014–present)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership of Narendra Modi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_Modi_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PM_Modi_2015.jpg/220px-PM_Modi_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="732"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PM_Modi_2015.jpg/220px-PM_Modi_2015.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PM_Modi_2015.jpg/330px-PM_Modi_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PM_Modi_2015.jpg/440px-PM_Modi_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, Prime Minister of India since 2014</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="425"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Amit_Shah_photographed_during_the_first_Union_Cabinet_Meeting_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> has been the longest (continuous) serving <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National President</a> of the BJP</div></div></div></div></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a>, the BJP won 282 seats, leading the NDA to a tally of 336 seats in the 543-seat Lok Sabha.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathew2014-101">[100]</a> Narendra Modi was sworn in as the 14th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister of India</a> on 26 May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeccan_Chronicle2014-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBCMay2014-103">[102]</a> The vote share of the BJP was 31% of all votes cast, a low figure relative to the number of seats it won.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-104">[103]</a> This was the first instance since 1984 of a single party achieving an outright majority in the Indian Parliament<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimes_of_India2014-105">[104]</a> and the first time that it achieved a majority in the Lok Sabha on its own strength. Support was concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Hindi_Belt" title="Hindi Belt">Hindi-speaking belt</a> in North-central India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-104">[103]</a> The magnitude of the victory was not predicted by most opinion and exit polls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-104">[103]</a> Political analysts have suggested several reasons for this victory, including the popularity of Modi, and the loss of support for the Congress due to the corruption scandals in its previous term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiwakar2014-106">[105]</a> The BJP was also able to expand its traditionally upper-caste, upper-class support base and received significant support from middle-class and <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a> people, as well as among <a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Classes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarshney2014-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-104">[103]</a> Its support among Muslims remained low; only 8% of Muslim voters voted for the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarshney2014-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-104">[103]</a> The BJP was also very successful at mobilizing its supporters and raising voter turnout among them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridharan2014-104">[103]</a> After winning the election, the organisation of the BJP became more centralised with Modi at the helm.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> People loyal to Modi were rewarded leadership positions across various states within India.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a>, a close confidant of Modi, was appointed as the president of the BJP in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> Contextually, many veteran leaders of the party like <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a> amongst others were allegedly sidelined.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> In 2016, the BJP joined the <a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democratic Union</a>, a grouping of various <a href="/wiki/List_of_right-wing_political_parties" title="List of right-wing political parties">centre-right and right-wing</a> political parties across the globe.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> However, as of 2024, the party is no longer a member, the secretary general of the IDU, Tina Mercep, stated that they would welcome full membership of the BJP in their global network. However, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">BJP's youth organisation</a> remains a member of the youth wing of the IDU.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> During Modi's first term as prime minister, the BJP expanded its presence in several states where it had previously been a minor player, and it regained power in other states where it had been in opposition for a considerable period. <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> saw an increase in the BJP's influence, and the party entered government in several of these states.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> In 2019, the BJP won the general election with an increased majority. Soon after returning to power, on 5 August 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Modi_ministry" title="Second Modi ministry">Modi administration</a> revoked the special status, or <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India#Autonomy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir:_Structure_and_limitations" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">limited autonomy</a>, granted under <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Indian Constitution</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>—a region administered by <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> as a state. This state consists of the larger part of Kashmir which has been the subject of a dispute among India, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> since 1947.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-jammu-kashmir-116">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jan%C2%B7OsmanczykOsma%C5%84czyk2003-117">[116]</a> Later in 2019, the Modi administration introduced the <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019">Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019</a>, which was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> on 11 December 2019. It amended the <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Citizenship Act, 1955</a> by providing a path to Indian citizenship for illegal immigrants of <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsi</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> religion, who had <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_in_Pakistan" title="Religious discrimination in Pakistan">fled persecution</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> before December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_explained-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-PIBPassesBill-119">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> from those countries were not given such eligibility.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-120">[119]</a> The act was the first time religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under <a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Indian law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[d]</a> A report by the <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Institute" title="V-Dem Institute">V-Dem Institute</a> described India as experiencing <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">democratic backsliding</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Modi era</a>.<a href="#cite_note-v-dem.net_briefing_paper_9-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-v-dem.net_Democracy_Report_2021-48">[48]</a> Various other studies and media sources also cite India experiencing democratic backsliding.<a href="#cite_note-Ashoka_Democratic_Backsliding-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_Democratic_Backsliding-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> This is considered the most notable challenge to India's democracy since the authoritarian <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">Emergency</a> years of 1975–77.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Ideology_and_political_positions">Ideology and political positions</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> The party along the history has been widely described as a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing party">right-wing party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336Banerjee20053118BBC2012-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> but has recently been described as <a href="/wiki/Far-right_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right party">far-right</a>, specifically it is considered part of the radical right, a subset of the far-right that does not oppose democracy.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Excessive_citations plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-citation_style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_overkill" title="Wikipedia:Citation overkill">excessive number of citations</a>. The details given are: Editor has been alerted. Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_overkill#How_to_trim_excessive_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citation overkill">remove low-quality or irrelevant citations</a>. (November 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_policies_and_Hindutva">Social policies and Hindutva</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></div> The official philosophy of the BJP is "<a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a>," a philosophy first formulated by <a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a> in 1965, who described it as advocating an "indigenous economic model that puts the human being at center stage."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen199985-140">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a> It is committed to <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a>, an ideology articulated by <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a>. According to the party, Hindutva is cultural nationalism favouring Indian culture over <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">westernisation</a>, thus it extends to all Indians regardless of religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336-68">[68]</a> Scholars and political analysts describe Hindutva as seeking to redefine India and recast it as a Hindu country to the exclusion of other religions, making the BJP a Hindu nationalist party in a general sense.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633%E2%80%93659-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036%E2%80%931050-142">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273%E2%80%9395-143">[139]</a> The BJP moderated its stance after the NDA was formed in 1998, due to the presence of parties with a broader set of ideologies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633%E2%80%93659-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005251%E2%80%93272-45">[45]</a> The BJP's Hindutva ideology has been reflected in many of its government policies. It supports the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir" title="Ram Mandir">Ram Mandir</a> temple at the <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">disputed site</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036%E2%80%931050-142">[138]</a> This issue was its major poll plank in the 1991 general elections.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036%E2%80%931050-142">[138]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">demolition of the mosque</a> during a BJP rally in 1992 resulted in a backlash against it, leading to a decline of the temple's prominence in its agenda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036%E2%80%931050-142">[138]</a> The education policy of the NDA government reorganised the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Educational_Research_and_Training" title="National Council of Educational Research and Training">National Council of Educational Research and Training</a> (NCERT) and tasked it with extensively revising the textbooks used in Indian schools.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200563-144">[140]</a> Various scholars have stated that this revision, especially in the case of history textbooks, was a covert attempt to "<a href="/wiki/Saffronisation" title="Saffronisation">saffronise</a>" Indian history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200563-144">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2005-145">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Hindu2002-146">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2005-147">[143]</a> The NDA government introduced <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a> as a subject in college curricula, despite opposition from several leading scientists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBCJanuary2014-148">[144]</a> Links between the BJP and the RSS grew stronger under the Modi administration. The RSS provided organisational support to the BJP's electoral campaigns, while the Modi administration appointed a number of individuals affiliated with the RSS to prominent government positions.<a href="#cite_note-Orange_Evolution-149">[145]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Yellapragada_Sudershan_Rao" title="Yellapragada Sudershan Rao">Yellapragada Sudershan Rao</a>, who had previously been associated with the RSS, became the chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Historical_Research" title="Indian Council of Historical Research">Indian Council of Historical Research</a> (ICHR).<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-150">[146]</a> Historians and former members of the ICHR, including those sympathetic to the BJP, questioned his credentials as a historian, and stated that the appointment was part of an agenda of cultural nationalism.<a href="#cite_note-Ganguly_2014-150">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-saffronisation-151">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-right_wing-152">[148]</a> Over its first term the Modi administration appointed other RSS members to lead universities and research institutions, and recruitment of faculty members favoring the RSS increased. Scholars <a href="/wiki/Nandini_Sundar" title="Nandini Sundar">Nandini Sundar</a> and Kiran Bhatty write that many of these appointees did not possess the qualifications for their positions.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632%E2%80%93650-46">[46]</a> The Modi administration also made numerous changes in government-approved history textbooks. These changes de-emphasizing the role of <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, and glorifying that of Modi himself, while also portraying Indian society as harmonious, without conflict or inequity.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632%E2%80%93650-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_2019-153">[149]</a> The BJP supports a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform civil code">uniform civil code</a>, which would apply a common set of personal laws to every citizen regardless of their personal religion, replacing the existing laws which vary by religious community. Historian Yogendra Malik writes that this ignores the differential procedures required to protect the cultural identity of the Muslim minority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeshia19981036%E2%80%931050-142">[138]</a> The BJP favoured, and in 2019 enacted,<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> the abrogation of <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370 of the Constitution of India</a>, which granted a greater degree of autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir in recognition of the unusual circumstances surrounding its <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">accession to the Indian Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336-68">[68]</a> It simultaneously <a href="/wiki/The_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">abrogated Jammu and Kashmir statehood</a>, reorganizing it into two <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632%E2%80%93650-46">[46]</a> The BJP opposes <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigration in India">illegal immigration into India</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273%E2%80%9395-143">[139]</a> The party states that this migration, mostly in the states of Assam and West Bengal, threatens the security, economy and stability of the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273%E2%80%9395-143">[139]</a> Academics have pointed out that the BJP refers to Hindu migrants from Bangladesh as refugees, and reserves the term "illegal" for Muslim migrants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273%E2%80%9395-143">[139]</a> Academic Michael Gillan perceived it as an attempt to use an emotive issue to mobilise Hindu sentiment in a region where the party has not been historically successful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillan200273%E2%80%9395-143">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamachandran2003-157">[153]</a> The party later became the party of government in Assam.<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> The Modi administration passed a <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019">citizenship law</a> in 2019 which provided a pathway to Indian citizenship for <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">persecuted religious</a> minorities from <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> who are <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_explained-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-PIBPassesBill-119">[118]</a> The law does not grant such eligibility to <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNNExcludes-159">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPRExcludes-160">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-120">[119]</a> This was first time religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under <a href="/wiki/Indian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian law">Indian law</a>: it attracted global <a href="/wiki/Criticism" title="Criticism">criticism</a>, and sparked widespread <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests" title="Citizenship Amendment Act protests">protests</a> that were halted by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bhatty_Sundar_pp._632%E2%80%93650-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[e]</a> Counter-demonstrations against the protests developed into the <a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_riots" title="2020 Delhi riots">2020 Delhi riots</a>, caused chiefly by Hindu mobs attacking Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-3-16-20-1-162">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Analysis-March1-163">[158]</a> Of the 53 people killed, two-thirds were Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2020-3-12-two-thirds-164">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-3-6-20-slater-1-165">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-3-2-20-slater-1-166">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> reinstated the controversial <a href="/wiki/Section_377_of_the_Indian_Penal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code">Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code</a>, which, among other things, criminalises homosexuality. There was a popular outcry, although clerics, including Muslim religious leaders, stated that they supported the verdict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimes_of_India2013-169">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuncombe2014-170">[165]</a> BJP president <a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> said that the party supported Section 377, because it believed that homosexuality was unnatural,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaseshan2013-171">[166]</a> though the party softened the stance after its victory in the 2014 general elections.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusiness_Standard2014-172">[167]</a> The Modi government is opposed to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>, stating in a legal affidavit that legalizing it would cause "complete havoc with the delicate balance of personal laws in the country" and that it was "not comparable with Indian family unit concept of a husband, wife & children which necessarily presuppose a biological man as 'husband', a biological woman as 'wife' and children born out of union".<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policies">Economic policies</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> The BJP's economic policy has changed considerably since its founding. There is a significant range of economic ideologies within the party. In the 1980s, like the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Jana Sangh</a>, it reflected the thinking of the RSS and its affiliates. It supported <a href="/wiki/Swadeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadeshi">swadeshi</a> (the promotion of indigenous industries and products) and a <a href="/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a> export policy. However, it supported internal <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic liberalisation">economic liberalisation</a>, and opposed the state-driven industrialisation favoured by the Congress.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365%E2%80%93390-174">[169]</a> During the 1996 elections, and later when it was in government, the BJP shifted its stance away from protectionism and towards <a href="/wiki/Globalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalisation">globalisation</a>. The tenure of the NDA saw an unprecedented influx of foreign companies in India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365%E2%80%93390-174">[169]</a> This was criticised, including by the BJP's affiliates, the RSS and the Swadeshi Jagran Manch:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365%E2%80%93390-174">[169]</a> the RSS stated that the BJP was not being true to its swadeshi ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365%E2%80%93390-174">[169]</a> The two NDA governments in the period 1998–2004 introduced significant deregulation and privatisation of government-owned enterprises. It also introduced tariff-reducing measures. These reforms built off of the initial economic liberalisation introduced by the P. V. Narasimha Rao-led Congress government in the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETiwari2012-175">[170]</a> India's GDP growth increased substantially during the tenure of the NDA. The 2004 campaign slogan <a href="/wiki/India_Shining" title="India Shining">India Shining</a> was based on the party's belief that the free market would bring prosperity to all sectors of society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007710%E2%80%93720-176">[171]</a> After its unexpected defeat, commentators said that it was punished for neglecting the needs of the poor and focusing too much on its corporate allies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamesh2004-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Hindu2004-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200570-177">[172]</a> This shift in the economic policies of the BJP was also visible in state governments, especially in Gujarat, where the BJP held power for 16 years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheela_Bhatt2014-178">[173]</a> Modi's government, in power from 2002 to 2014, followed a strongly neo-liberal agenda, presented as a drive towards development.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobbio2012652%E2%80%93668-179">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot201379%E2%80%9395-180">[175]</a> Its policies have included extensive privatisation of infrastructure and services, as well as a significant rollback of labour and environmental regulations. While this was praised by the business community, commentators criticised it as catering to the BJP's upper-class constituency instead of the poor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobbio2012652%E2%80%93668-179">[174]</a> The economic policies of Modi's government focused on privatisation and liberalisation of the economy, based on a <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> framework.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-181">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shah_&_Lerche-182">[177]</a> Modi liberalised India's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> policies, allowing more foreign investment in several industries, including in defence and the railways.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-181">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> Other proposed reforms included making it harder for workers to form unions and easier for employers to hire and fire them;<a href="#cite_note-Shah_&_Lerche-182">[177]</a> some of these proposals were dropped after protests.<a href="#cite_note-ET_March_2018-185">[180]</a> The reforms drew strong opposition from unions: on 2 September 2015, eleven of the country's largest unions went on strike, including one affiliated with the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-Shah_&_Lerche-182">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a>, a constituent of the Sangh Parivar, stated that the underlying motivation of labour reforms favoured corporations over labourers.<a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia-181">[176]</a> Modi has been described as taking a more economically <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> approach on healthcare and agricultural policy.<a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a> Modi's government has also been described as taking a more <a href="/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a> turn on international trade during his second term, withdrawing from the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a> talks<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> and introducing the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a> economic plan, which emphasises national self-sufficiency.<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_and_counterterrorism">Defence and counterterrorism</h3></div> Compared to Congress, the BJP takes a more aggressive and nationalistic position on defence policy and terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly1999148%E2%80%93177-191">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041%E2%80%9337-192">[187]</a> The Vajpayee-led NDA government carried out nuclear weapons tests and enacted the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002">Prevention of Terrorism Act</a>, which later came under heavy criticism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly1999148%E2%80%93177-191">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041%E2%80%9337-192">[187]</a> It also deployed troops to evict infiltrators from Kargil, and supported the United States <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKux200293%E2%80%93106-193">[188]</a> Although previous Congress governments developed the capability for a nuclear weapons test, the Vajpayee government broke with India's historical strategy of avoiding it and authorised <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a>, a series of five nuclear tests in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly1999148%E2%80%93177-191">[186]</a> The tests came soon after Pakistan tested a medium-range ballistic missile. They were seen as an attempt to display India's military prowess to the world, and a reflection of anti-Pakistan sentiment within the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly1999148%E2%80%93177-191">[186]</a> The Vajpayee government ordered the Indian armed forces to expel the Pakistani soldiers occupying <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> territory, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQadir20021%E2%80%9310-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas2004173-195">[190]</a> Although the government was later criticised for the intelligence failures that did not detect Pakistani presence, it was successful in ousting them from the previously Indian-controlled territory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQadir20021%E2%80%9310-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas2004173-195">[190]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2001_Indian_Parliament_attack" title="2001 Indian Parliament attack">terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament</a> in December 2001, the NDA government passed the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002">Prevention of Terrorism Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041%E2%80%9337-192">[187]</a> The aim of the act was to improve the government's ability to deal with terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041%E2%80%9337-192">[187]</a> It initially failed to pass in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>; therefore, the NDA took the extraordinary step of convening a <a href="/wiki/Joint_session" title="Joint session">joint session</a> of the Parliament, where the numerical superior <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> allowed the bill to pass.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041%E2%80%9337-192">[187]</a> The act was subsequently used to prosecute hundreds of people accused of terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041%E2%80%9337-192">[187]</a> However, it was criticised by opposition parties and scholars for being an infringement upon <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_of_India" title="National Human Rights Commission of India">National Human Rights Commission of India</a> stated that it had been used to target Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan20041%E2%80%9337-192">[187]</a> It was later repealed by the Congress-led UPA government in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimes_of_India2002-196">[191]</a> The Modi government has conducted several strikes on territory controlled by neighbouring countries on counterterrorism grounds. This included a <a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar</a> against the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland" title="National Socialist Council of Nagaland">National Socialist Council of Nagaland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">2016 Indian Line of Control strike</a> in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and the <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">2019 Balakot airstrike</a> in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> It also militarily intervened in defence of <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2017_Doklam_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Doklam standoff">2017 Doklam standoff</a> with China.<a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> The Modi government considers national security to be one of their key focuses and has implemented many long-standing defence reforms.<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> In August 2019, the Modi government established the post of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)</a> to ensure better coordination between all three services, a reform that was widely requested after the 1999 Kargil War.<a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a> was also established and put under the CDS.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> The historical stance of the BJP towards <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, like the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, was based on an aggressive <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a> combined with economic protectionism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a> The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was founded with the explicit aim of reversing the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>; as a result, its official position was that the existence of Pakistan was illegitimate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a> This antagonism toward Pakistan remains a significant influence on the BJP's ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris20057%E2%80%9327-204">[199]</a> During the Cold War, the party and its affiliates strongly opposed India's long standing policy of <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">non-alignment</a>, and instead advocated closeness to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a> In the post-Cold War era, the party has largely embraced the Indian foreign policy consensus of improving relations with the United States,<a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> while stressing a desire for a more <a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">multipolar</a> world order.<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> The Vajpayee government's foreign policy in many ways represented a radical shift from BJP orthodoxy while maintaining some aspects of it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShulman2000365%E2%80%93390-174">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris20057%E2%80%9327-204">[199]</a> Its policy also represented a significant change from the <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru#Foreign_policy" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehruvian idealism</a> of previous governments, opting instead for realism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELall2006-207">[202]</a> His party criticised him for adopting a much more moderate stance with Pakistan. In 1998, he made a landmark visit to Pakistan, and inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Lahore_Bus" title="Delhi–Lahore Bus">Delhi–Lahore Bus</a> service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a> Vajpayee signed the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Declaration" title="Lahore Declaration">Lahore Declaration</a>, which was an attempt to improve Indo-Pakistani relations that deteriorated after the 1998 nuclear tests.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a> However, the presence of Pakistani soldiers and militants in the disputed Kashmir territory was discovered a few months later, causing the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">1999 Kargil War</a>. The war ended a couple of months later, with the expulsion of the infiltrators two months later, without any shift in the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a> that marked the de facto border between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a> Despite the war, Vajpayee continued to display a willingness to engage Pakistan in dialogue. This was not well received among the BJP cadre, who criticised the government for being "weak".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a> This faction of the BJP asserted itself at the post-Kargil <a href="/wiki/Agra_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra summit">Agra summit</a>, preventing any significant deal from being reached. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaulia2002215%E2%80%93234-203">[198]</a> The Vajpayee government strongly opposed the 1999 <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing of Yugoslavia</a>, with Vajpayee describing it as a "dance of destruction".<a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a> The Vajpayee administration later offered political support to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>, in the hope of better addressing India's issues with terrorism and insurgency in Kashmir. This led to closer defence ties with the US, including negotiations for the sale of weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKux200293%E2%80%93106-193">[188]</a> However, the BJP strongly condemned the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, stating that it "deplores the unjustified military action resorted to by the United States, Britain and their allies against Iraq".<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> The BJP also opposed the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a> and urged the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> to pass a unanimous resolution condemning it.<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> The Modi government initially took a pragmatic stance towards Pakistan, attempting to improve relations with <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a>'s government, culminating in Modi visiting Pakistan in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> Relations subsequently deteriorated, particularly after Sharif was ousted in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> The Modi government has since been described as taking a "hardline" approach on Pakistan, and the BJP has accused the opposition Congress of collaborating with Pakistan through its criticism of government policy.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> In 2015, the Modi government was accused by the Nepalese government of imposing an undeclared <a href="/wiki/2015_Nepal_blockade" title="2015 Nepal blockade">blockade on Nepal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> The Modi government expressed concern following the <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">2021 Myanmar coup d'état</a>, but maintained cordial relations with the military government, abstaining from a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> resolution regarding the situation there.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> The Modi government remained neutral on the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> abstaining from <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623</a>, which condemned the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)">ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> The leadership of the Indian National Congress backed the government's stance.<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Organisation_and_structure">Organisation and structure</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg/290px-Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 290px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg/290px-Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg/435px-Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg/580px-Structure_of_BJP_2020_March.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A diagram of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">structure of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div> The organisation of the BJP is strictly hierarchical, with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">president</a> being the highest authority in the party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a> Until 2012, the BJP constitution mandated that any qualified member could be national or state president for a single three-year term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a> This was amended to a maximum of two consecutive terms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimes_of_India2012-221">[216]</a> Below the president is the <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive</a>, which contains a variable number of senior leaders from across the country. It is the higher decision-making body of the party. Its members are several vice-presidents, general-secretaries, treasurers and secretaries, who work directly with the president.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a> An identical structure, with an executive committee led by a president, exists at the state, regional, district and local level.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a> The BJP is a cadre-based party. It has close connections with other organisations with similar ideologies, such as the RSS, ABVP, BYSS, VHP and other <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a>-related organisations. The cadres of these groups often supplement the BJP's. Its lower members are largely derived from the RSS and its affiliates, loosely known as the <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a>:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a> (All India Students' Union), the students' wing of the RSS<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a> (Indian Farmer's Union), the farmers' division<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a> (Indian Labourers Union), the labour union associated with the RSS<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a></li></ul> The party has subsidiary organisations of its own, such as: <ul><li>The BJP Mahila Morcha (BJP Women's Front), its women's division<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a> (Indian People's Youth Front), its youth wing<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a></li> <li>The BJP Minority Morcha (BJP Minority Front), its minority division<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain200171%E2%80%93104-141">[137]</a></li></ul> In terms of members, BJP claims to have over 170 million members<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> as of October 2022, and it's considered to be among the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_political_parties" title="List of largest political parties">largest political parties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> In September 2024, PM Modi initiated the BJP membership drive,<a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> this campaign has been controversial for deceptive and coercive membership enrollment by BJP workers.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> In Gujarat, minor school children have been enrolled as BJP members<a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="General_election_results">General election results</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Electoral history of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Electoral history of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div> The Bharatiya Janata Party was officially founded in 1980, and the first general election it contested was in 1984, in which it won only two <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats. Following the election in 1996, the BJP became the largest party in the Lok Sabha for the first time, but the government it formed was short-lived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuha2007633-44">[44]</a> In the elections of 1998 and 1999, it remained the largest party, and headed the ruling coalition on both occasions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2005251%E2%80%93272-45">[45]</a> In the 2014 general election, it won an outright majority in parliament. From 1991 onwards, a BJP member has led the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Opposition</a> whenever the party was not in power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2014-228">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[f]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Year </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Legislature </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Party leader </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Seats contested </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Seats won </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Change in seats </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Percentage of votes </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Vote swing </th> <th style="background:#f93; color:white;">Outcome </th> <th class="unsortable" style="background:#f93; color:white;">Ref. </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Lok_Sabha" title="8th Lok Sabha">8th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td> <td>229 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 0.4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2 </td> <td>7.74% </td> <td>New </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1984-230">[224]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">9th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> </td> <td>225 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">85 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  83 </td> <td>11.36% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  3.62% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">Outside support</a> for <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (India)">NF</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1989-231">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">10th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>477 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">120 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  35 </td> <td>20.11% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  8.75% </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1991-232">[226]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td> <td>471 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">161 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 30%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  41 </td> <td>20.29% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  0.18% </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Coalition, later opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1996-233">[227]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>388 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">182 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  21 </td> <td>25.59% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  5.30% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1998-234">[228]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>339 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">182 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </td> <td>23.75% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1.84% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission1999-235">[229]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_Lok_Sabha" title="14th Lok Sabha">14th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>364 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">138 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  44 </td> <td>22.16% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1.69% </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2004-236">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">15th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> </td> <td>433 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">116 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  22 </td> <td>18.80% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  3.36% </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2009-237">[231]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td> <td>428 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">282 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  166 </td> <td>31.34% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  12.54% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2014-238">[232]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>436 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">303 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  21 </td> <td>37.46% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  6.12% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>441 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">240 / 543<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  63 </td> <td>36.56% </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  0.8% </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Presence_in_states_and_Union_Territories">Presence in states and Union Territories</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg/220px-BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1994"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 258px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg/220px-BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="258" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg/330px-BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg/440px-BJP_presence_by_states_%26_union_territories.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> As of 12 June 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&action=edit">[update]</a>, 13 states have <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Ministers</a> from the BJP, and governments led by that party, sometimes including allied parties. The 13 states are <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">Asom Gana Parishad</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party_Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="United People's Party Liberal">United People's Party Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Naga_People%27s_Front" title="Naga People's Front">Naga People's Front</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Tipra_Motha_Party" title="Tipra Motha Party">Tipra Motha Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Apna_Dal_(Sonelal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apna Dal (Sonelal)">Apna Dal (Sonelal)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li></ul> In 5 other states and in the <a href="/wiki/Union_territory_of_Puducherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territory of Puducherry">union territory of Puducherry</a>, it participates in the government as the junior partner in the ruling alliance with other members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a>. The states are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jana_Sena_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Jana Sena Party">Jana Sena Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a>, other small parties and independents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">National People's Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Meghalaya)" title="United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)">United Democratic Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hill_State_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Hill State People's Democratic Party">Hill State People's Democratic Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party">Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/All_India_N.R._Congress" title="All India N.R. Congress">All India N.R. Congress</a>).</li></ul> The BJP has previously held power in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, and has been the junior coalition partner in governments in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Peoples_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party">Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party</a>), <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a>). It has never held power in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>. In addition to the NDA, the BJP is also a part of a regional political alliance in Northeast India named the <a href="/wiki/North-East_Democratic_Alliance" title="North-East Democratic Alliance">North-East Democratic Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thewire.in-25May16-241">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-hindustantimes.com-242">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-ndtv.com-243">[237]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Lower House </th></tr> <tr> <th>Legislature </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Legislative leader </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Andhra Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">8 / 175<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penmetsa_Vishnu_Kumar_Raju" title="Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju">Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">46 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 77%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">61 / 126<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Bihar</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">82 / 243<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samrat_Choudhary" title="Samrat Choudhary">Samrat Choudhary</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly">Chhattisgarh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">53 / 90<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Deo_Sai" title="Vishnu Deo Sai">Vishnu Deo Sai</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Legislative_Assembly" title="Delhi Legislative Assembly">Delhi</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">7 / 70<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vijendra_Gupta" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijendra Gupta">Vijendra Gupta</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">28 / 40<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 70%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly" title="Gujarat Legislative Assembly">Gujarat</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">161 / 182<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 88%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Haryana Legislative Assembly">Haryana</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">48 / 90<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Himachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">27 / 68<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jai_Ram_Thakur" title="Jai Ram Thakur">Jai Ram Thakur</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Jammu and Kashmir</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">29 / 90<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunil_Kumar_Sharma_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Sunil Kumar Sharma (Jammu and Kashmir)">Sunil Kumar Sharma</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jharkhand Legislative Assembly">Jharkhand</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">24 / 81<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 30%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amar_Kumar_Bauri" title="Amar Kumar Bauri">Amar Kumar Bauri</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly" title="Karnataka Legislative Assembly">Karnataka</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">66 / 224<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R._Ashoka" title="R. Ashoka">R. Ashoka</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 140<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#CDCDCD">No Representation </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Madhya Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">164 / 230<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 71%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">103 / 288<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">37 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/N._Biren_Singh" title="N. Biren Singh">N. Biren Singh</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanbor_Shullai" title="Sanbor Shullai">Sanbor Shullai</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly" title="Mizoram Legislative Assembly">Mizoram</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 40<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K._Beichhua" title="K. Beichhua">K. Beichhua</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly" title="Nagaland Legislative Assembly">Nagaland</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Y._Patton" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. Patton">Y. Patton</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">78 / 147<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly" title="Puducherry Legislative Assembly">Puducherry</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">9 / 33<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A._Namassivayam" title="A. Namassivayam">A. Namassivayam</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 117<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashwani_Kumar_Sharma" title="Ashwani Kumar Sharma">Ashwani Kumar Sharma</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly" title="Rajasthan Legislative Assembly">Rajasthan</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">115 / 200<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 32<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#CDCDCD">No Representation </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Alliance </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly">Tamil Nadu</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">4 / 234<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nainar_Nagendran" title="Nainar Nagendran">Nainar Nagendran</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Telangana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Telangana Legislative Assembly">Telangana</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">8 / 119<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>Alleti Maheshwar Reddy </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">33 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">252 / 403<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Uttarakhand</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 70<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="West Bengal Legislative Assembly">West Bengal</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">66 / 294<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suvendu_Adhikari" title="Suvendu Adhikari">Suvendu Adhikari</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Upper House </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">96 / 245<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council">Andhra Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 58<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#CDCDCD">No Representation </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Council" title="Bihar Legislative Council">Bihar</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">24 / 75<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hari_Sahni" title="Hari Sahni">Hari Sahni</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Council" title="Karnataka Legislative Council">Karnataka</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">34 / 75<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chalavadi_Narayanaswamy" title="Chalavadi Narayanaswamy">Chalavadi Narayanaswamy</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">Maharashtra</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">22 / 78<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pravin_Darekar" title="Pravin Darekar">Pravin Darekar</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Telangana_Legislative_Council" title="Telangana Legislative Council">Telangana</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 40<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>A.Venkata Narayana Reddy </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Others </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">82 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; width: 82%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Maurya" title="Keshav Prasad Maurya">Keshav Prasad Maurya</a> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="List_of_heads_of_government">List of heads of government</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_prime_ministers">List of prime ministers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List of prime ministers of India</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">No. </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Prime minister </th> <th rowspan="2">Constituency </th> <th colspan="3">Term in office </th> <th rowspan="2">Lok Sabha </th> <th rowspan="2">Cabinet </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th>Tenure </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/100px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/100px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/150px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/200px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)">Lucknow</a> </td> <td>16 May 1996 </td> <td>1 June 1996 </td> <td>16 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Vajpayee_ministry" title="First Vajpayee ministry">Vajpayee I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">19 March 1998 </td> <td rowspan="2">22 May 2004 </td> <td rowspan="2">6 years, 64 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Vajpayee_ministry" title="Second Vajpayee ministry">Vajpayee II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_Vajpayee_ministry" title="Third Vajpayee ministry">Vajpayee III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">2 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png/100px-Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="398"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 118px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png/100px-Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png" data-width="100" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png/150px-Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png/200px-Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Varanasi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)">Varanasi</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">26 May 2014 </td> <td rowspan="3">Incumbent </td> <td rowspan="3">10 years, 181 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Modi_ministry" title="First Modi ministry">Modi I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Modi_ministry" title="Second Modi ministry">Modi II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_Modi_ministry" title="Third Modi ministry">Modi III</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_incumbent_chief_ministers">List of incumbent chief ministers</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_CM_History.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BJP_CM_History.png/400px-BJP_CM_History.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="482" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3818" data-file-height="4600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 482px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BJP_CM_History.png/400px-BJP_CM_History.png" data-width="400" data-height="482" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BJP_CM_History.png/600px-BJP_CM_History.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BJP_CM_History.png/800px-BJP_CM_History.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div> As of 11 June 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&action=edit">[update]</a>, 52 people from Bharatiya Janata Party have held the position of a chief minister, 12 of whom are incumbent. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Incumbent Chief Ministers from the BJP </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>State </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Cabinet </th> <th colspan="2">Governing coalition </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg/80px-Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="598"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg/80px-Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg/120px-Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg/160px-Pema_Khandu_in_July_2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Pema_Khandu_ministry" title="Fifth Pema Khandu ministry">Khandu V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFCA61; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">NPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">2 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg/80px-Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="353"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg/80px-Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg/120px-Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg/160px-Himanta_Biswa_Sarma_with_PM_Narendra_Modi_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sarma_ministry" title="Sarma ministry">Sarma I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99CCFF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">AGP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FAED09; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party_Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="United People's Party Liberal">UPPL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly">Chhattisgarh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg/80px-Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="401"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 91px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg/80px-Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="91" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg/120px-Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg/160px-Vishnudeo_Sai.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishnudeo_Sai" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnudeo Sai">Vishnudeo Sai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishnudeo_Sai_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnudeo Sai ministry">Sai I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">4 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa,_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg/80px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1611"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 103px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg/80px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="103" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg/120px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg/160px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Goa%2C_Shri_Pramod_Sawant.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Second_Pramod_Sawant_ministry" title="Second Pramod Sawant ministry">Sawant II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#AF7050; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">MGP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="CDCDCD"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">IND</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly" title="Gujarat Legislative Assembly">Gujarat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="349"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 92px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="92" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Bhupendrabhai_Patel_accompanies_Narendra_Modi_at_Rajkot_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Bhupendrabhai_Patel_ministry" title="Second Bhupendrabhai Patel ministry">Patel II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Haryana Legislative Assembly">Haryana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg/80px-Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="608"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 117px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg/80px-Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="117" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg/120px-Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg/160px-Nayab_Singh_Saini_2023.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Saini_ministry" title="Second Saini ministry">Saini II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Madhya Pradesh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal,_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/80px-PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="353"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 103px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/80px-PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="103" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/120px-PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/160px-PM_attends_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Mohan_Yadav_and_his_deputies_at_Bhopal%2C_in_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav_ministry" title="Mohan Yadav ministry">Yadav I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">8 </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:N._Biren_Singh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/N._Biren_Singh.jpg/80px-N._Biren_Singh.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="695"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/N._Biren_Singh.jpg/80px-N._Biren_Singh.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/N._Biren_Singh.jpg/120px-N._Biren_Singh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/N._Biren_Singh.jpg/160px-N._Biren_Singh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/N._Biren_Singh" title="N. Biren Singh">N. Biren Singh</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Second_N._Biren_Singh_ministry" title="Second N. Biren Singh ministry">Singh II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DB7093"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">NPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#906;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naga_People%27s_Front" title="Naga People's Front">NPF</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CDCDCD;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">IND</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Mohan_Charan_Majhi_(2024_Image).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg/75px-Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 75px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg/75px-Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg" data-width="75" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg/113px-Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg/150px-Mohan_Charan_Majhi_%282024_Image%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohan Charan Majhi ministry">Majhi I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly" title="Rajasthan Legislative Assembly">Rajasthan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg/80px-Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="575"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 104px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg/80px-Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="104" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg/120px-Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg/160px-Bhajan_Lal_Sharma.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma_ministry" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma ministry">Sharma I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">11 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg/80px-Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="613"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 97px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg/80px-Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="97" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg/120px-Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg/160px-Manik_Saha_Official_Portrait_2023.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Second_Saha_ministry" title="Second Saha ministry">Saha II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:green;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_People%27s_Front_of_Tripura" title="Indigenous People's Front of Tripura">IPFT</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">12 </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Yogiji_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yogiji_in_2023.jpg/80px-Yogiji_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="720"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yogiji_in_2023.jpg/80px-Yogiji_in_2023.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yogiji_in_2023.jpg/121px-Yogiji_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yogiji_in_2023.jpg/160px-Yogiji_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Second_Yogi_Adityanath_ministry" title="Second Yogi Adityanath ministry">Adityanath II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#306;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apna_Dal_(Sonelal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apna Dal (Sonelal)">AD(S)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:green"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">RLD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#b80000;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NISHAD_Party" title="NISHAD Party">NP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>13 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Uttarakhand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pushkar_Dhami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pushkar_Dhami.jpg/80px-Pushkar_Dhami.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pushkar_Dhami.jpg/80px-Pushkar_Dhami.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pushkar_Dhami.jpg/120px-Pushkar_Dhami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pushkar_Dhami.jpg/160px-Pushkar_Dhami.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Dhami_ministry" title="Second Dhami ministry">Dhami II</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>BJP </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party_in_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Parliament of India">Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Parliament of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">List of political parties in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of ruling political parties by country</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> in 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharma2019">Sharma (2019)</a>, p. 523: "First, citizenship status biased towards religious identity is by no means a new idea.... A careful study of the policies and laws related to citizenship, adopted since independence, substantiates the assertion that citizenship in India has always been based on an implicit belief that India is for Hindus." </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSen2018">Sen (2018)</a>, pp. 10–11: "Nehru's response [to Patel's warning] made it clear that Muslim migrants from Pakistan could not join the ranks of refugees in India... Thus, despite broad public statements promising citizenship to all displaced persons from Pakistan, Hindu migrants alone counted as citizen-refugees in post-partition India." </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJayal2019">Jayal (2019)</a>, pp. 34–35: "While some elements of religious difference had... been covertly smuggled in earlier, this bill seeks to do so overtly." </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJayal2019">Jayal (2019)</a>, pp. 33–50: "While some elements of religious difference had... been covertly smuggled in earlier, this bill seeks to do so overtly." </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> For the electoral results of the BJP's predecessors, see the JP and BJS articles. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnanya_Das2020" class="citation news cs1">Ananya Das (20 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/india/jagat-prakash-nadda-bjps-new-national-president-rises-through-the-ranks-faces-several-challenges-2258301.html">"Jagat Prakash Nadda: BJP's new national president rises through the ranks, faces several challenges"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+News+of+India&rft.atitle=Rajesh+Agarwal+gets+BJP+treasurer+post&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniindia.com%2Frajesh-agarwal-gets-bjp-treasurer-post%2Fnorth%2Fnews%2F2178686.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3001-6"><a href="#cite_ref-:3001_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/india-bjp-190523053850803.html">"What you need to know about India's BJP"</a>. 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The Indian Express. 6 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511143721/https://indianexpress.com/article/research/bhartiya-janata-party-narendra-modi-bjp-bjps-37th-foundation-day-brief-history-of-the-achievements-and-failures-of-the-party-4601637/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=BJP%27s+foundation+day%3A+Brief+history+of+the+achievements+and+failures+of+the+party&rft.date=2019-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fresearch%2Fbhartiya-janata-party-narendra-modi-bjp-bjps-37th-foundation-day-brief-history-of-the-achievements-and-failures-of-the-party-4601637%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-gets-a-new-address-today-pm-modi-to-inaugurate-multi-storey-office-1814043">"BJP Gets A New Address; Soul Of New Office Is The Party Worker, Says PM Modi"</a>. NDTV.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406141326/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-gets-a-new-address-today-pm-modi-to-inaugurate-multi-storey-office-1814043">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NDTV.com&rft.atitle=BJP+Gets+A+New+Address%3B+Soul+Of+New+Office+Is+The+Party+Worker%2C+Says+PM+Modi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fbjp-gets-a-new-address-today-pm-modi-to-inaugurate-multi-storey-office-1814043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddhartha_Rai2017" class="citation news cs1">Siddhartha Rai (27 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/pm-modi-bjp-kamal-sandesh-cashless-currency-revamp-957298-2017-01-27">"PM Modi goes cashless, buys lifetime subscription of BJP mouthpiece Kamal Sandesh through cheque"</a>. India Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328080500/https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/pm-modi-bjp-kamal-sandesh-cashless-currency-revamp-957298-2017-01-27">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=PM+Modi+goes+cashless%2C+buys+lifetime+subscription+of+BJP+mouthpiece+Kamal+Sandesh+through+cheque&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft.au=Siddhartha+Rai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmail-today%2Fstory%2Fpm-modi-bjp-kamal-sandesh-cashless-currency-revamp-957298-2017-01-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSengupta" class="citation news cs1">Sengupta, Tamal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bengal-bjp-revamps-party-mouthpiece-before-2018-panchayet-elections/articleshow/54717459.cms?_oref=cook&from=mdr">"Bengal BJP revamps party mouthpiece before 2018 panchayet elections"</a>. The Economic Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061226/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bengal-bjp-revamps-party-mouthpiece-before-2018-panchayet-elections/articleshow/54717459.cms?_oref=cook&from=mdr">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Bengal+BJP+revamps+party+mouthpiece+before+2018+panchayet+elections&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Tamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fbengal-bjp-revamps-party-mouthpiece-before-2018-panchayet-elections%2Farticleshow%2F54717459.cms%3F_oref%3Dcook%26from%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pprc.in/">"Public Policy Research Centre"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726220734/http://www.pprc.in/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Policy+Research+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pprc.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thinktank-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Thinktank_12-0">^</a> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/23/bjp-think-tank-offers-online-course-in-governance-babus-to-impart-lessons-2146940.html">"BJP think tank offers online course in governance; babus to impart lessons"</a>. New Delhi: The New Indian Express. 23 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714094916/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/23/bjp-think-tank-offers-online-course-in-governance-babus-to-impart-lessons-2146940.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BJP+think+tank+offers+online+course+in+governance%3B+babus+to+impart+lessons&rft.date=2020-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2Fmay%2F23%2Fbjp-think-tank-offers-online-course-in-governance-babus-to-impart-lessons-2146940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/bjp-think-tank-releases-modi-govt---s-100-day-report-card.html">"BJP think tank releases Modi Govt's 100-day report card"</a>. dailypioneer.com. New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(India)" title="The Pioneer (India)">The Pioneer</a>. 10 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716135158/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/bjp-think-tank-releases-modi-govt---s-100-day-report-card.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020. <q>Public Policy Research Center (PPRC), BJP's think tank, on Monday released a comprehensive report on 100 major decisions and initiatives taken by Modi Government in first 100 days.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dailypioneer.com&rft.atitle=BJP+think+tank+releases+Modi+Govt%27s+100-day+report+card&rft.date=2019-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2F2019%2Fstate-editions%2Fbjp-think-tank-releases-modi-govt---s-100-day-report-card.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abvp.org/akhil-bhartiya-vidyarthi-parishad-not-students-wing-bjp-shreehari-borikar">"Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad is not the students' wing of BJP: Shreehari Borikar"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228202158/https://www.abvp.org/akhil-bhartiya-vidyarthi-parishad-not-students-wing-bjp-shreehari-borikar">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akhil+Bhartiya+Vidyarthi+Parishad+is+not+the+students%27+wing+of+BJP%3A+Shreehari+Borikar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abvp.org%2Fakhil-bhartiya-vidyarthi-parishad-not-students-wing-bjp-shreehari-borikar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-youth-wing-launches-its-campaign-for-partys-lok-sabha-poll-win/articleshow/67574466.cms">"BJP youth wing launches its campaign for party's Lok Sabha poll win"</a>. Economic Times. 19 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012115329/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-youth-wing-launches-its-campaign-for-partys-lok-sabha-poll-win/articleshow/67574466.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times&rft.atitle=BJP+youth+wing+launches+its+campaign+for+party%27s+Lok+Sabha+poll+win&rft.date=2019-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fbjp-youth-wing-launches-its-campaign-for-partys-lok-sabha-poll-win%2Farticleshow%2F67574466.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/quota-for-women-in-council-of-ministers-among-mahila-morchas-suggestions-for-bjp-poll-manifesto/articleshow/68738662.cms">"Quota for women in council of ministers among Mahila Morcha's suggestions for BJP poll manifesto"</a>. Economic Times. 5 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220607235558/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/quota-for-women-in-council-of-ministers-among-mahila-morchas-suggestions-for-bjp-poll-manifesto/articleshow/68738662.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Quota+for+women+in+council+of+ministers+among+Mahila+Morcha%27s+suggestions+for+BJP+poll+manifesto&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Felections%2Flok-sabha%2Findia%2Fquota-for-women-in-council-of-ministers-among-mahila-morchas-suggestions-for-bjp-poll-manifesto%2Farticleshow%2F68738662.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPragya_Singh2008" class="citation news cs1">Pragya Singh (15 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL/Need-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html">"Need to Know BJP-led BMS is biggest labour union in India"</a>. live mint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103131425/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL/Need-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=live+mint&rft.atitle=Need+to+Know+BJP-led+BMS+is+biggest+labour+union+in+India&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft.au=Pragya+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FPolitics%2FohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL%2FNeed-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KisanMorcha-17"><a href="#cite_ref-KisanMorcha_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajkumar" class="citation news cs1">Rajkumar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.patrika.com/noida-news/bjp-kisan-morcha-provide-farmers-government-policies-to-the-people-hindi-news-1541257/">"सरकार की नीतियों को किसानों तक पहुंचाएगा बीजेपी किसान मोर्चा"</a>. m.patrika.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019220329/https://m.patrika.com/noida-news/bjp-kisan-morcha-provide-farmers-government-policies-to-the-people-hindi-news-1541257/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=m.patrika.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE&rft.au=Rajkumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.patrika.com%2Fnoida-news%2Fbjp-kisan-morcha-provide-farmers-government-policies-to-the-people-hindi-news-1541257%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathewjoh-18"><a href="#cite_ref-mathewjoh_18-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonGarnettWalker2017" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Matthew; Garnett, Mark; Walker, David M (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism">Conservatism and Ideology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 45–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-52900-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-52900-2"><bdi>978-1-317-52900-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061245/https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservatism+and+Ideology&rft.pages=45-50&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-317-52900-2&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Garnett%2C+Mark&rft.au=Walker%2C+David+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmxQDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBJP%2Ba%2Bconservatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> <ul><li>Björn Goldstein (2015) The unconscious Indianization of 'Western' conservatism – is Indian conservatism a universal model?, Global Discourse, 5:1, 44–65, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23269995.2014.946315">10.1080/23269995.2014.946315</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazumdar2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mazumdar, Surajit (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/93182">"Neo-Liberalism and the Rise of Right-Wing Conservatism in India"</a>. Desenvolvimento Em Debate. 5 (1): 115–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.51861%2Fded.dmds.1.011">10.51861/ded.dmds.1.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2176-9257">2176-9257</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061248/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93182/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Desenvolvimento+Em+Debate&rft.atitle=Neo-Liberalism+and+the+Rise+of+Right-Wing+Conservatism+in+India&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=115-131&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.51861%2Fded.dmds.1.011&rft.issn=2176-9257&rft.aulast=Mazumdar&rft.aufirst=Surajit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2Fid%2Feprint%2F93182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChhibberVerma2018" class="citation book cs1">Chhibber, Pradeep. K.; Verma, Rahul (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ">Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 50–150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062390-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062390-6"><bdi>978-0-19-062390-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018001733">2018001733</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061225/https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology+and+Identity%3A+The+Changing+Party+Systems+of+India&rft.pages=50-150&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2018001733&rft.isbn=978-0-19-062390-6&rft.aulast=Chhibber&rft.aufirst=Pradeep.+K.&rft.au=Verma%2C+Rahul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnJRqDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Surajit_2017-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Surajit_2017_19-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazumdar2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mazumdar, Surajit (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/93182">"Neo-Liberalism and the Rise of Right-Wing Conservatism in India"</a>. Desenvolvimento Em Debate. 5 (1): 115–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.51861%2Fded.dmds.1.011">10.51861/ded.dmds.1.011</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061248/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93182/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Desenvolvimento+Em+Debate&rft.atitle=Neo-Liberalism+and+the+Rise+of+Right-Wing+Conservatism+in+India&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=115-131&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.51861%2Fded.dmds.1.011&rft.aulast=Mazumdar&rft.aufirst=Surajit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2Fid%2Feprint%2F93182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGopalakrishnan2006" class="citation journal cs1">Gopalakrishnan, Shankar (7 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418408">"Defining, Constructing and Policing a 'New India': Relationship between Neoliberalism and Hindutva"</a>. Economic & Political Weekly. 41 (26): 2803–2813. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418408">4418408</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017234207/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418408">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+%26+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Defining%2C+Constructing+and+Policing+a+%27New+India%27%3A+Relationship+between+Neoliberalism+and+Hindutva&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=2803-2813&rft.date=2006-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4418408%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gopalakrishnan&rft.aufirst=Shankar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4418408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonUng_LohPurewal2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, Kalpana; Ung Loh, Jennifer; Purewal, Navtej (July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25540/1/wilson-ung-loh-purewal-introduction-gender-violence-and-the-neoliberal-state-in-India.doc.pdf">"Gender, Violence and the Neoliberal State in India"</a> (PDF). Feminist Review. 119 (1): 1–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41305-018-0109-8">10.1057/s41305-018-0109-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149814002">149814002</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210111943/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25540/1/wilson-ung-loh-purewal-introduction-gender-violence-and-the-neoliberal-state-in-India.doc.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Review&rft.atitle=Gender%2C+Violence+and+the+Neoliberal+State+in+India&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-6&rft.date=2018-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs41305-018-0109-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149814002%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Kalpana&rft.au=Ung+Loh%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Purewal%2C+Navtej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.soas.ac.uk%2F25540%2F1%2Fwilson-ung-loh-purewal-introduction-gender-violence-and-the-neoliberal-state-in-India.doc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathur2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mathur, Navdeep (2018). "The low politics of higher education: saffron branded neoliberalism and the assault on Indian universities". Critical Policy Studies. 12 (1): 121–125. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19460171.2017.1403343">10.1080/19460171.2017.1403343</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148842457">148842457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Policy+Studies&rft.atitle=The+low+politics+of+higher+education%3A+saffron+branded+neoliberalism+and+the+assault+on+Indian+universities&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=121-125&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19460171.2017.1403343&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148842457%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mathur&rft.aufirst=Navdeep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonGarnettWalker2017" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Matthew; Garnett, Mark; Walker, David M (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism">Conservatism and Ideology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 45–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-52900-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-52900-2"><bdi>978-1-317-52900-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061245/https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservatism+and+Ideology&rft.pages=45-50&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-317-52900-2&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Garnett%2C+Mark&rft.au=Walker%2C+David+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmxQDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBJP%2Ba%2Bconservatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angana.p-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Angana.p_21-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjiHansenJaffrelot2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angana_P._Chatterji" title="Angana P. Chatterji">Chatterji, Angana P.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blom_Hansen" title="Thomas Blom Hansen">Hansen, Thomas Blom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zcObDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP%27s+Hindutva+ideology">Majoritarian State: How Hindu Nationalism Is Changing India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 100–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-007817-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-007817-1"><bdi>978-0-19-007817-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061226/https://books.google.com/books?id=zcObDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP%27s+Hindutva+ideology">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Majoritarian+State%3A+How+Hindu+Nationalism+Is+Changing+India&rft.pages=100-130&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-007817-1&rft.aulast=Chatterji&rft.aufirst=Angana+P.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Thomas+Blom&rft.au=Jaffrelot%2C+Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzcObDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBJP%2527s%2BHindutva%2Bideology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a>, and Cynthia Schoch. "Conclusion to Part I." In Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy, 148–54. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, 2021. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv1dc9jzx.12">10.2307/j.ctv1dc9jzx.12</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChhibberVerma2018" class="citation book cs1">Chhibber, Pradeep. K.; Verma, Rahul (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ">Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062390-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-062390-6"><bdi>978-0-19-062390-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018001733">2018001733</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061225/https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology+and+Identity%3A+The+Changing+Party+Systems+of+India&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2018001733&rft.isbn=978-0-19-062390-6&rft.aulast=Chhibber&rft.aufirst=Pradeep.+K.&rft.au=Verma%2C+Rahul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnJRqDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> * Henrik Berglund. "Religion and Nationalism: Politics of BJP." <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a> 39, no. 10 (2004): 1064–70. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4414737">4414737</a>. <ul><li>Chhibber, Pradeep K. "State Policy, Party Politics, and the Rise of the BJP." In Democracy without Associations: Transformation of the Party System and Social Cleavages in India, 159–76. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>, 1999. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.23136.12">10.3998/mpub.23136.12</a>.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnellCabrera2019" class="citation journal cs1">McDonnell, Duncan; Cabrera, Luis (2019). "The right-wing populism of India's Bharatiya Janata Party (and why comparativists should care)". Democratization. 26 (3): 484–501. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13510347.2018.1551885">10.1080/13510347.2018.1551885</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149464986">149464986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democratization&rft.atitle=The+right-wing+populism+of+India%27s+Bharatiya+Janata+Party+%28and+why+comparativists+should+care%29&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=484-501&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13510347.2018.1551885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149464986%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft.au=Cabrera%2C+Luis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzçelik2019" class="citation book cs1">Özçelik, Ezgi (2019). Right-wing Populist Governments Rhetorical Framing of Economic Inequality : the Cases of BJP in India and AKP in Turkey. Koç University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right-wing+Populist+Governments+Rhetorical+Framing+of+Economic+Inequality+%3A+the+Cases+of+BJP+in+India+and+AKP+in+Turkey&rft.pub=Ko%C3%A7+University&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=%C3%96z%C3%A7elik&rft.aufirst=Ezgi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336Banerjee20053118BBC2012-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336Banerjee20053118BBC2012_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318%E2%80%93336Banerjee20053118BBC2012_24-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalikSingh1992">Malik & Singh 1992</a>, pp. 318–336; <a href="#CITEREFBanerjee2005">Banerjee 2005</a>, p. 3118; <a href="#CITEREFBBC2012">BBC 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesLynch2005" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Peter; Lynch, Derek (16 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1-iXGKN1AK4C&q=%22Bharatiya+Janata+Party%22%22far-right%22">The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right</a>. Routledge. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-60952-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-60952-9"><bdi>978-1-134-60952-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Fascism+and+the+Far+Right&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-08-16&rft.isbn=978-1-134-60952-9&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1-iXGKN1AK4C%26q%3D%2522Bharatiya%2BJanata%2BParty%2522%2522far-right%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616235358/http://idu.org/asia-pacific-democrat-union-apdu/">"International Democrat Union » Asia Pacific Democrat Union (APDU)"</a>. International Democracy Union. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idu.org/asia-pacific-democrat-union-apdu/">the original</a> on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Democracy+Union&rft.atitle=International+Democrat+Union+%C2%BB+Asia+Pacific+Democrat+Union+%28APDU%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidu.org%2Fasia-pacific-democrat-union-apdu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIwanek2018" class="citation web cs1">Iwanek, Krzysztof (10 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/paint-it-saffron-the-colors-of-indian-political-parties/">"Paint It Saffron: The Colors of Indian Political Parties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623014149/https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/paint-it-saffron-the-colors-of-indian-political-parties/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paint+It+Saffron%3A+The+Colors+of+Indian+Political+Parties&rft.pub=The+Diplomat&rft.date=2018-09-10&rft.aulast=Iwanek&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2018%2F09%2Fpaint-it-saffron-the-colors-of-indian-political-parties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2013-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission2013_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElection_Commission2013">Election Commission 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-bjp0right-29"><a href="#cite_ref-bjp0right_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevesh_Kumar2014" class="citation news cs1">Devesh Kumar (20 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/bjp-29-parties-national-democratic-alliance-562972">"BJP + 29 Parties=National Democratic Alliance"</a>. NDTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406141401/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/bjp-29-parties-national-democratic-alliance-562972">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=BJP+%2B+29+Parties%3DNational+Democratic+Alliance&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft.au=Devesh+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Felections-news%2Fbjp-29-parties-national-democratic-alliance-562972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/bjp-seals-alliances-in-northeast-aims-22-ls-seats/article26519732.ece">"BJP seals alliances in Northeast, aims 22 LS seats"</a>. The Hindu Business Line. 13 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317165853/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/bjp-seals-alliances-in-northeast-aims-22-ls-seats/article26519732.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu+Business+Line&rft.atitle=BJP+seals+alliances+in+Northeast%2C+aims+22+LS+seats&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fbjp-seals-alliances-in-northeast-aims-22-ls-seats%2Farticle26519732.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/Updates/EventLSS_637191127420791113_31994.pdf">"Party Position pdf"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317173437/http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/Updates/EventLSS_637191127420791113_31994.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Position+pdf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floksabhaph.nic.in%2Fwritereaddata%2FUpdates%2FEventLSS_637191127420791113_31994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjps-rajya-sabha-tally-dips-to-86-nda-at-101-party-below-majority-mark-6109105">"BJP's Rajya Sabha Tally Dips, NDA Now 4 Below Majority Mark"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BJP%27s+Rajya+Sabha+Tally+Dips%2C+NDA+Now+4+Below+Majority+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fbjps-rajya-sabha-tally-dips-to-86-nda-at-101-party-below-majority-mark-6109105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/partymemberlist.aspx">"Alphabetical Party Position in the Rajya Sabha"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604121829/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/partymemberlist.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alphabetical+Party+Position+in+the+Rajya+Sabha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frajyasabha.nic.in%2Frsnew%2Fmember_site%2Fpartymemberlist.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://164.100.47.5/NewMembers/partystrength.aspx">"Strengthwise Party Position in the Rajya Sabha"</a>. Rajya Sabha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606134311/http://164.100.47.5/NewMembers/partystrength.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strengthwise+Party+Position+in+the+Rajya+Sabha&rft.pub=Rajya+Sabha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F164.100.47.5%2FNewMembers%2Fpartystrength.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-s-shivraj-singh-chouhan-sworn-in-as-madhya-pradesh-cm-for-fourth-time-1658867-2020-03-23">"BJP gains back Madhya Pradesh in just 15 months after losing it"</a>. India Today. 26 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119202332/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-s-shivraj-singh-chouhan-sworn-in-as-madhya-pradesh-cm-for-fourth-time-1658867-2020-03-23">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=BJP+gains+back+Madhya+Pradesh+in+just+15+months+after+losing+it&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Fbjp-s-shivraj-singh-chouhan-sworn-in-as-madhya-pradesh-cm-for-fourth-time-1658867-2020-03-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/-In-Numbers-The-Rise-of-BJP-and-decline-of-Congress/articleshow/52341190.cms">"In Numbers: The Rise of BJP and decline of Congress"</a>. The Times of India. 19 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105170102/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/-In-Numbers-The-Rise-of-BJP-and-decline-of-Congress/articleshow/52341190.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=In+Numbers%3A+The+Rise+of+BJP+and+decline+of+Congress&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2F-In-Numbers-The-Rise-of-BJP-and-decline-of-Congress%2Farticleshow%2F52341190.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zeenews-25May19-37"><a href="#cite_ref-zeenews-25May19_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/lok-sabha-election-results-2019-live-updates-bjp-narendra-modi-nda-2205806">"Lok Sabha Election results 2019: EC declares results of all 542 seats, BJP wins 303"</a>. Zee News. 25 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602032641/https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/lok-sabha-election-results-2019-live-updates-bjp-narendra-modi-nda-2205806">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2019. 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Retrieved 6 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Modi+renews+labour+reforms+push+as+jobs+regain+focus+before+polls&rft.date=2018-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fpolicy%2Fmodi-renews-labour-reforms-push-as-jobs-regain-focus-before-polls%2Farticleshow%2F63297358.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Modi-rolls-out-his-populist-plans-with-a-second-term-in-mind">"Modi rolls out his populist plans with a second term in mind"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Nikkei" title="The Nikkei">The Nikkei</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820174144/https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Modi-rolls-out-his-populist-plans-with-a-second-term-in-mind">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2018. 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</li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link 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Election Commission of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183504/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+report+on+general+elections%2C+1996+to+the+Eleventh+Lok+Sabha&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2FStatisticalReports%2FLS_1996%2FVol_I_LS_96.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElection_Commission1998" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf">"Statistical report on general elections, 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha"</a> (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+report+on+general+elections%2C+1998+to+the+Twelfth+Lok+Sabha&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2FStatisticalReports%2FLS_1998%2FVol_I_LS_98.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElection_Commission1999" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf">"Statistical report on general elections, 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha"</a> (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+report+on+general+elections%2C+1999+to+the+Thirteenth+Lok+Sabha&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2FStatisticalReports%2FLS_1999%2FVol_I_LS_99.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElection_Commission2004" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf">"Statistical report on general elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha"</a> (PDF). Election Commission of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718190634/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+report+on+general+elections%2C+2004+to+the+Fourteenth+Lok+Sabha&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2FStatisticalReports%2FLS_2004%2FVol_I_LS_2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElection_Commission2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf">"Performance of National Parties"</a> (PDF). Election Commission of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209173959/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2017. 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A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4290-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4290-0"><bdi>978-1-4411-4290-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061250/https://books.google.com/books?id=0M_cKlsLllEC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516208-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516208-0"><bdi>978-0-19-516208-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061243/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ms5N7NhGXIC&pg=PA165">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. 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International Security. 23 (4): 148–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fisec.23.4.148">10.1162/isec.23.4.148</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539297">2539297</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57565560">57565560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=India%27s+Pathway+to+Pokhran+II%3A+The+Prospects+and+Sources+of+New+Delhi%27s+Nuclear+Weapons+Program&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=148-177&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57565560%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539297%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Fisec.23.4.148&rft.aulast=Ganguly&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhassem-Fachandi2012" class="citation book cs1">Ghassem-Fachandi, Parvis (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p5s8hooZfekC">Pogrom in Gujarat: Hindu Nationalism and Anti-Muslim Violence in India</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-15177-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-15177-9"><bdi>978-0-691-15177-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pogrom+in+Gujarat%3A+Hindu+Nationalism+and+Anti-Muslim+Violence+in+India&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-691-15177-9&rft.aulast=Ghassem-Fachandi&rft.aufirst=Parvis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp5s8hooZfekC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillan2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gillan, Michael (March 2002). "Refugees or Infiltrators? The Bharatiya Janata Party and "Illegal" Migration from Bangladesh". Asian Studies Review. 26 (1): 73–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10357820208713331">10.1080/10357820208713331</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146522066">146522066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Refugees+or+Infiltrators%3F+The+Bharatiya+Janata+Party+and+%22Illegal%22+Migration+from+Bangladesh&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-95&rft.date=2002-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10357820208713331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146522066%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gillan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuha2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Guha" title="Ramachandra Guha">Guha, Ramachandra</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/India_after_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="India after Gandhi">India after Gandhi: the history of the world's largest democracy</a> (1st ed.). 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308014030/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-18352532">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2018. <q>The right-wing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), India's primary opposition party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi+makes+his+move&rft.date=2012-06-13&rft.aulast=Halarnkar&rft.aufirst=Samar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-18352532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen1999" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, Thomas (1999). The saffron wave : democracy and Hindu nationalism in modern India. 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Retrieved 5 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharatiya+Janata+Party%3A+Profile+and+Performance&rft.place=India&rft.pages=71-104&rft.pub=APH+publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7648-257-8&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Pratap+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Gk1Wz4k_xUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTehelka2001" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511094603/http://tehelka.com/story_main52.asp?filename=Ws270412Bangaru.asp">"Bangaru Laxman convicted for taking bribe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tehelka" title="Tehelka">Tehelka</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tehelka.com/story_main52.asp?filename=Ws270412Bangaru.asp">the original</a> on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tehelka&rft.atitle=Bangaru+Laxman+convicted+for+taking+bribe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tehelka.com%2Fstory_main52.asp%3Ffilename%3DWs270412Bangaru.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes_of_India2014" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-results-2014-India-places-its-faith-in-Moditva/articleshow/35224486.cms">"Election results 2014: India places its faith in Moditva"</a>. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 17 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223225/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-results-2014-India-places-its-faith-in-Moditva/articleshow/35224486.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+results+2014%3A+India+places+its+faith+in+Moditva&rft.pub=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com&rft.date=2014-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Flok-sabha-elections-2014%2Fnews%2FElection-results-2014-India-places-its-faith-in-Moditva%2Farticleshow%2F35224486.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes_of_India2002" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/SP-condemns-Vaikos-arrest-under-Pota/articleshow/15884672.cms">"SP condemns Vaiko's arrest under Pota"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 13 July 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120916205038/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-07-13/mumbai/27289812_1_vaiko-pota-prevention-of-terrorism-act">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=SP+condemns+Vaiko%27s+arrest+under+Pota&rft.date=2002-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fmumbai%2FSP-condemns-Vaikos-arrest-under-Pota%2Farticleshow%2F15884672.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes_of_India2012" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-amends-constitution-allowing-Nitin-Gadkari-to-get-a-second-term/articleshow/16587211.cms">"BJP amends constitution allowing Gadkari to get a second term"</a>. The Times of India. 28 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223443/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-amends-constitution-allowing-Nitin-Gadkari-to-get-a-second-term/articleshow/16587211.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=BJP+amends+constitution+allowing+Gadkari+to+get+a+second+term&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FBJP-amends-constitution-allowing-Nitin-Gadkari-to-get-a-second-term%2Farticleshow%2F16587211.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes_of_India2013" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313193845/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-20/news/45418111_1_sc-verdict-bjp-and-rss-review-petition">"Stand with RSS, BJP"</a>. The Times of India. 20 December 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-20/news/45418111_1_sc-verdict-bjp-and-rss-review-petition">the original</a> on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Stand+with+RSS%2C+BJP&rft.date=2013-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2013-12-20%2Fnews%2F45418111_1_sc-verdict-bjp-and-rss-review-petition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirst_Post2015" class="citation news cs1">Chatterjee, Mohua (13 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstpost.com/politics/bjp-enrolls-11-crore-members-launches-mahasampark-abhiyan-2339462.html">"BJP enrolls 11 crore members, launches 'Mahasampark Abhiyan'"</a>. First Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144320/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/bjp-enrolls-11-crore-members-launches-mahasampark-abhiyan-2339462.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Post&rft.atitle=BJP+enrolls+11+crore+members%2C+launches+%27Mahasampark+Abhiyan%27&rft.date=2015-07-13&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Mohua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fbjp-enrolls-11-crore-members-launches-mahasampark-abhiyan-2339462.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiwari2012" class="citation journal cs1">Tiwari, Aviral Kumar (March 2012). "An Error-Correction Analysis of India-Us Trade Flows". Journal of Economic Development. 37 (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Development&rft.atitle=An+Error-Correction+Analysis+of+India-Us+Trade+Flows&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2012-03&rft.aulast=Tiwari&rft.aufirst=Aviral+Kumar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2005" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2005/51618.htm">"India: International Religious Freedom Report"</a>. US Department of state. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703181658/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2005/51618.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%3A+International+Religious+Freedom+Report&rft.pub=US+Department+of+state&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2005%2F51618.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVajpayee2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Vajpayee, Atal Bihari (2007). <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (ed.). Hindu Nationalism: A Reader. Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Black" title="Permanent Black">Permanent Black</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13098-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13098-9"><bdi>978-0-691-13098-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalism%3A+A+Reader&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Permanent+Black&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13098-9&rft.aulast=Vajpayee&rft.aufirst=Atal+Bihari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarshney2014" class="citation journal cs1">Varshney, Ashutosh (October 2014). "Hindu Nationalism in Power?". Journal of Democracy. 25 (4): 34–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2014.0071">10.1353/jod.2014.0071</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144608424">144608424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Democracy&rft.atitle=Hindu+Nationalism+in+Power%3F&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=34-45&rft.date=2014-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjod.2014.0071&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144608424%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Varshney&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Sangh_Parivar" title="Bibliography of the Sangh Parivar">Bibliography of the Sangh Parivar</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Ahuja, Gurdas M. (2004). Bharatiya Janata Party and Resurgent India. Ram Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharatiya+Janata+Party+and+Resurgent+India&rft.pub=Ram+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Ahuja&rft.aufirst=Gurdas+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_K._Andersen" title="Walter K. Andersen">Andersen, Walter K.</a>; Damle, Shridhar D. (1987) [Originally published by Westview Press]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brotherhoodinsaf0000ande">The Brotherhood in Saffron: The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Revivalism</a>. Delhi: Vistaar Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brotherhood+in+Saffron%3A+The+Rashtriya+Swayamsevak+Sangh+and+Hindu+Revivalism&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Vistaar+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Walter+K.&rft.au=Damle%2C+Shridhar+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrotherhoodinsaf0000ande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Bhambhri, C.P. (2001). Bharatiya Janata Party : Periphery to Centre. Delhi: Shipra. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7541-078-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7541-078-7"><bdi>978-81-7541-078-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharatiya+Janata+Party+%3A+Periphery+to+Centre&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Shipra&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7541-078-7&rft.aulast=Bhambhri&rft.aufirst=C.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Baxter" title="Craig Baxter">Baxter, Craig</a> (1971) [first published by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a> 1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/janasanghbiograp0000baxt">The Jana Sangh — A Biography of an Indian Political Party</a>. Oxford University Press, Bombay. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-7583-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-7583-4"><bdi>978-0-8122-7583-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jana+Sangh+%E2%80%94+A+Biography+of+an+Indian+Political+Party&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Bombay&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-7583-4&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjanasanghbiograp0000baxt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadhaGuha2016" class="citation journal cs1">Chadha, Kalyani; Guha, Pallavi (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4947">"The Bharatiya Janata Party's online campaign and citizen involvement in India's 2014 election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Communication" title="International Journal of Communication">International Journal of Communication</a>. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184915/https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4947">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=The+Bharatiya+Janata+Party%27s+online+campaign+and+citizen+involvement+in+India%27s+2014+election&rft.volume=10&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Chadha&rft.aufirst=Kalyani&rft.au=Guha%2C+Pallavi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fijoc.org%2Findex.php%2Fijoc%2Farticle%2Fview%2F4947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanguly2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ganguly, Sumit (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304071320/https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/Ganguly_HinduNationalismForeignPolicy_Jun15_web.pdf">"Hindu nationalism and the foreign policy of India's Bharatiya Janata Party"</a> (PDF). Transatlantic Academy Paper Series. 2: 1–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5292-0460-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5292-0460-5"><bdi>978-1-5292-0460-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/Ganguly_HinduNationalismForeignPolicy_Jun15_web.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transatlantic+Academy+Paper+Series&rft.atitle=Hindu+nationalism+and+the+foreign+policy+of+India%27s+Bharatiya+Janata+Party&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-5292-0460-5&rft.aulast=Ganguly&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmfus.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fpdf%2FGanguly_HinduNationalismForeignPolicy_Jun15_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Graham, B. D. (1990). Hindu Nationalism and Indian Politics: The Origins and Development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-38348-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-38348-6"><bdi>978-0-521-38348-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalism+and+Indian+Politics%3A+The+Origins+and+Development+of+the+Bharatiya+Jana+Sangh&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38348-6&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=B.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarriss2015" class="citation journal cs1">Harriss, John (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856401.2015.1089826">"Hindu Nationalism in Action: The Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian Politics"</a>. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 38 (4): 712–718. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856401.2015.1089826">10.1080/00856401.2015.1089826</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147615034">147615034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asia%3A+Journal+of+South+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Hindu+Nationalism+in+Action%3A+The+Bharatiya+Janata+Party+and+Indian+Politics&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=712-718&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00856401.2015.1089826&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147615034%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Harriss&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00856401.2015.1089826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalikSingh1994" class="citation book cs1">Malik, Yogendra K.; Singh, V.B. (1994). Hindu Nationalists in India : The Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8810-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8810-6"><bdi>978-0-8133-8810-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalists+in+India+%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Bharatiya+Janata+Party&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-8810-6&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Yogendra+K.&rft.au=Singh%2C+V.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (1996). The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-301-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-301-1"><bdi>978-1-85065-301-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hindu+Nationalist+Movement+and+Indian+Politics&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-301-1&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf">"Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?"</a> (PDF). Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics: 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204131058/http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heidelberg+Papers+in+South+Asian+and+Comparative+Politics&rft.atitle=Communal+Riots+in+Gujarat%3A+The+State+at+Risk%3F&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2003-07&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fvolltextserver%2F4127%2F1%2Fhpsacp17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJainB.E.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Jain, Varsha; B.E., Ganesh (2020). "Understanding the Magic of Credibility for Political Leaders: A Case of India and Narendra Modi". Journal of Political Marketing. 19 (1–2): 15–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222">10.1080/15377857.2019.1652222</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202247610">202247610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Marketing&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Magic+of+Credibility+for+Political+Leaders%3A+A+Case+of+India+and+Narendra+Modi.&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=15-33&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15377857.2019.1652222&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202247610%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Varsha&rft.au=B.E.%2C+Ganesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mishra, Madhusudan (1997). Bharatiya Janata Party and India's Foreign Policy. New Delhi: Uppal Pub. House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85565-79-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85565-79-8"><bdi>978-81-85565-79-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharatiya+Janata+Party+and+India%27s+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Uppal+Pub.+House&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-85565-79-8&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Madhusudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kingshuk_Nag" title="Kingshuk Nag">Nag, Kingshuk</a> (2014). The Saffron Tide: The Rise of the BJP. Rupa Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8129134295" title="Special:BookSources/978-8129134295"><bdi>978-8129134295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saffron+Tide%3A+The+Rise+of+the+BJP&rft.pub=Rupa+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8129134295&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Kingshuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Nag, Kingshuk. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (Rupa Publications, 2016).</li> <li>Palshikar, Suhas, Sanjay Kumar, and Sanjay Lodha, eds. Electoral Politics in India: The Resurgence of the Bharatiya Janata Party (Taylor & Francis, 2017).</li> <li>Raghavan, G.N.S. New Era in the Indian Polity, A Study of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and the BJP (1996).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanjeev_Kr2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sanjeev Kr, H. M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856327">"Foreign Policy Position of Bharatiya Janata Party Towards Issues of India Pakistan Relations"</a>. The Indian Journal of Political Science. 68 (2): 275–291. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856327">41856327</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113184500/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856327">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Foreign+Policy+Position+of+Bharatiya+Janata+Party+Towards+Issues+of+India+Pakistan+Relations&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=275-291&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41856327%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sanjeev+Kr&rft.aufirst=H.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41856327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Sharma, C.P. Thakur, Devendra P. (1999). India under Atal Behari Vajpayee : The BJP Era. New Delhi: UBS Publishers' Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7476-250-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7476-250-4"><bdi>978-81-7476-250-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+under+Atal+Behari+Vajpayee+%3A+The+BJP+Era&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=UBS+Publishers%27+Distributors&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-7476-250-4&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=C.P.+Thakur%2C+Devendra+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Stein, Burton (2010). A history of India (edited by David Arnold. 2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9509-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9509-6"><bdi>978-1-4051-9509-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+India&rft.place=Chichester%2C+UK&rft.edition=edited+by+David+Arnold.+2nd&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Rao, Ramesh (2001). Coalition conundrum: the BJP's trials, tribulations, and triumphs. Har Anand. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788124108093" title="Special:BookSources/9788124108093"><bdi>9788124108093</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coalition+conundrum%3A+the+BJP%27s+trials%2C+tribulations%2C+and+triumphs&rft.pub=Har+Anand&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788124108093&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Ramesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Janata+Party" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bharatiya Janata Party">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bjp.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?ho=t&l=en&q=bjp%20india">BJP</a> web resources provided by GovPubs at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado Boulder Libraries">University of Colorado Boulder Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%20Janata%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%20J%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Party%2C%20B%2E%20J%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Bharatiya%20Janata%20Party%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Bharatiya%20J%2E%20Party%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22B%2E%20J%2E%20Party%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Bharatiya%20Party%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bharatiya%20Janata%20Party%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bharatiya%20J%2E%20Party%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22B%2E%20J%2E%20Party%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22B%2E%20Janata%20Party%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%20Janata%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%20J%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Party%2C%20B%2E%20J%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Party%2C%20B%2E%20Janata%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bharatiya%20Party%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Bharatiya%20Janata%20Party%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Bharatiya%20J%2E%20Party%22%20OR%20title%3A%22B%2E%20J%2E%20Party%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Bharatiya%20Party%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bharatiya%20Janata%20Party%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bharatiya%20J%2E%20Party%22%20OR%20description%3A%22B%2E%20J%2E%20Party%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%20Janata%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%20J%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bharatiya%20Party%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Party%2C%20Bharatiya%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Bharatiya Janata Party</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/64033">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/27px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/35px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/12px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/12px-Socrates.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/19px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/25px-Socrates.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&oldid=1259149625">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&oldid=1259149625</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 17:15 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="حزب بهاراتيا جاناتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب بهاراتيا جاناتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ভারতীয় জনতা পার্টি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় জনতা পার্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_T%C3%B3ng" title="Ìn-tō͘ Jîn-bîn Tóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘ Jîn-bîn Tóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Бхаратыя джаната парты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бхаратыя джаната парты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_del_Poble_Indi" title="Partit del Poble Indi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit del Poble Indi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A1_lidov%C3%A1_strana" title="Indická lidová strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indická lidová strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Κόμμα Μπαρατίγια Τζανάτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμμα Μπαρατίγια Τζανάτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Popular_Indio" title="Partido Popular Indio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Popular Indio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partio_de_la_Popolo_de_Barato" title="Partio de la Popolo de Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Partio de la Popolo de Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Alderdia" title="Bharatiya Janata Alderdia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Alderdia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="حزب بهاراتیا جاناتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب بهاراتیا جاناتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80" title="ભારતીય જનતા પાર્ટી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય જનતા પાર્ટી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EB%8B%B9" title="인도 인민당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 인민당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Partai Bharatiya Janata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata-flokkurinn" title="Bharatiya Janata-flokkurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bharatiya Janata-flokkurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מפלגת העם ההודית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפלגת העם ההודית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7" title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನತಾ ಪಕ್ಷ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನತಾ ಪಕ್ಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინდოეთის სახალხო პარტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთის სახალხო პარტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="بھارتی جَنتا پارٹی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بھارتی جَنتا پارٹی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijas_Tautas_partija" title="Indijas Tautas partija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indijas Tautas partija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A1rat%C3%ADja_Dzsanat%C3%A1_P%C3%A1rt" title="Bháratíja Dzsanatá Párt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bháratíja Dzsanatá Párt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="ഭാരതീയ ജനതാ പാർട്ടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭാരതീയ ജനതാ പാർട്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="भारतीय जनता पक्ष – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय जनता पक्ष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="حزب باراتيا جاناتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حزب باراتيا جاناتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Parti Bharatiya Janata – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%E2%80%A2%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A6%E2%80%A2%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯕꯤ•ꯖꯦ•ꯄꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯤ•ꯖꯦ•ꯄꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata-partij" title="Bharatiya Janata-partij – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bharatiya Janata-partij" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय जनता पार्टी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="インド人民党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド人民党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata-partiet" title="Bharatiya Janata-partiet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bharatiya Janata-partiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF" title="ଭାରତୀୟ ଜନତା ପାର୍ଟି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ଜନତା ପାର୍ଟି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਪਾਰਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨਤਾ ਪਾਰਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="بھارتی جنتا پارٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتی جنتا پارٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%88_%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="د هندوستان د خلکو ګوند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د هندوستان د خلکو ګوند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BJP" title="BJP – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="BJP" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyjska_Partia_Ludowa" title="Indyjska Partia Ludowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indyjska Partia Ludowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_do_Povo_Indiano" title="Partido do Povo Indiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido do Povo Indiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Partidul Bharatiya Janata – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Бхаратия джаната парти – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бхаратия джаната парти" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%83" title="भारतीयजनतापक्षः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतीयजनतापक्षः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata" title="Bharatiya Janata – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA" title="භාරතීය ජනතා පක්ෂය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භාරතීය ජනතා පක්ෂය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/BJP" title="BJP – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="BJP" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индијска народна партија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индијска народна партија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijska_narodna_partija" title="Indijska narodna partija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indijska narodna partija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_kansanpuolue" title="Intian kansanpuolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian kansanpuolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bharatiya Janata Party" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Partido Bharatiya Janata – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Partido Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பாரதிய ஜனதா கட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரதிய ஜனதா கட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80" title="భారతీయ జనతా పార్టీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతీయ జనతా పార్టీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="พรรคภารตียชนตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคภารตียชนตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_Halk_Partisi" title="Hindistan Halk Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan Halk Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96" title="Бгаратія джаната парті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бгаратія джаната парті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="بھارتیہ جنتا پارٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارتیہ جنتا پارٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Đảng Bharatiya Janata – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Bharatiya Janata" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="印度人民党 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度人民党" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="印度人民黨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度人民黨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="印度人民党 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度人民党" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 17:15 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a 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</div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xz5ct","wgBackendResponseTime":368,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.400","walltime":"3.947","ppvisitednodes":{"value":33412,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":910226,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":99830,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":39,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":950107,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3302.204 1 -total"," 24.56% 811.078 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.40% 541.692 1 Template:Infobox_Indian_political_party"," 14.59% 481.929 1 Template:Infobox_political_party"," 14.10% 465.572 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.96% 427.930 91 Template:Cite_news"," 11.65% 384.556 174 Template:Sfn"," 7.46% 246.252 61 Template:Cite_web"," 5.43% 179.224 40 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.13% 169.276 2 Template:Sfnm"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.062","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":27727453,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbbas2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAkhtarKirk\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlizadaColeGastaldiGrahn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmmassariFossatiMcDonnell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnanya_Das2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBCJanuary2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBCMay2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBajpaee2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBala2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanerjee-Fischer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanerjee2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhatty2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhattySundar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiswas2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBobbio2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrass2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuncombe2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBusiness_Standard2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChadhaGuha2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChatterjiHansenJaffrelot2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaturvedi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaulia2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChhibberVerma2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDas2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaviesLynch2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeccan_Chronicle2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevesh_Kumar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiwakar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElection_Commission2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis-PetersonAzizur_Rahman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFirst_Post2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgerald2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlint2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForchtner2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanguly1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanguly2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanguly2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGettlemanAbi-Habib2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGettlemanYasirRajKumar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhassem-Fachandi2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGill2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillan2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGopalakrishnan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGringlas\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuha2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGyan_Varma2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaidar2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarriss2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindleLindberg2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindustan_Times2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindustan_Times2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInbar2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Today2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_Religious_Freedom_Report2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIwanek\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIwanek2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffrelot1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffrelot2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJainB.E.2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJayal2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJha2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnSood2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonGarnettWalker2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJoshua2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarmakar2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKattakayam2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKullrich2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKux2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLall2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanga2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeidigMudde2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalikSingh1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalikSingh1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathew2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathur2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazumdar2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonnellCabrera2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehrotraShih2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMogul2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukherjee2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukul2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNDTV.com2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNDTV2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Informatics_Centre2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoorani1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNussbaum2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsmańczyk2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOutlook2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPai1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPillalamarri\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPisharoty2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPragya_Singh2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQadir2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajkumar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamachandran2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamaseshan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamesh2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReganGuptaKhan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuparelia2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanjeev_Kr2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSengupta\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeshia1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahLerche2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheela_Bhatt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShulman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddhartha_Rai2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSirnate2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlater2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlaterMasih2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSridharan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubba2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuraiya\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwain2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTehelka2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Hindu2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Hindu2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes_of_India2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes_of_India2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes_of_India2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes_of_India2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiwari2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVajpayee2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaradarajan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVarshney2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilsonUng_LohPurewal2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhong2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFrediff.com1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÖzçelik2019\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 4,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Ayd\"] = 3,\n [\"Bharatiya Janata Party\"] = 1,\n [\"Bharatiya Janata Party sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 9,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 36,\n [\"Cite document\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 40,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 91,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 61,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Colour box\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons and category\"] = 1,\n [\"Composition bar\"] = 54,\n [\"Conservatism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Contains special characters\"] = 1,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 7,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Doi\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 6,\n [\"Excessive citations\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 5,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"GovPubs\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 35,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 4,\n [\"Hidden\"] = 1,\n [\"Hindu Nationalism\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA-hns\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 13,\n [\"Indian political parties\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Indian political party\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive author\"] = 1,\n [\"JSTOR\"] = 2,\n [\"Lit\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 3,\n [\"National Democratic Alliance\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Neoliberalism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"No2\"] = 11,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Partial\"] = 7,\n [\"Party color\"] = 19,\n [\"Party color cell\"] = 17,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sangh Parivar\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 174,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Steady\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 4,\n [\"Wikinews category\"] = 1,\n [\"Yes2\"] = 30,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","440","20.4"],["?","280","13.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","6.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","140","6.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","4.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","80","3.7"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","60","2.8"],["[others]","640","29.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fp8vw","timestamp":"20241123184915","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bharatiya Janata Party","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bharatiya_Janata_Party","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10230","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10230","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-20T13:35:22Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T17:15:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1e\/Bharatiya_Janata_Party_logo.svg","headline":"right-wing Hindu nationalist political party in India"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var 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