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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Etymology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Germany,_Austria_and_Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany,_Austria_and_Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Germany, Austria and Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany,_Austria_and_Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" 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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Early steam services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_steam_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Electricity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systems_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systems_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Systems by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systems_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Systems by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systems_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liechtenstein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liechtenstein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Liechtenstein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liechtenstein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">S-Bahn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إس بان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إس بان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%EB%B0%98" title="S반 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="S반" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_S" title="Kereta S – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kereta S" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Ban" title="S-Ban – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="S-Ban" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="Sバーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Sバーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA-%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="เอ็ส-บาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็ส-บาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="S-Bahn" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%AB%E9%93%81" title="城市快铁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="城市快铁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q95723#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:S-Bahn" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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href="/w/index.php?title=S-train&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="S-train">S-train</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of commuter rail system in Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"S-train" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/S_Train_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="S Train (disambiguation)">S Train (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schema_U-Bahn_S-Bahn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Schema_U-Bahn_S-Bahn.png/270px-Schema_U-Bahn_S-Bahn.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Schema_U-Bahn_S-Bahn.png/405px-Schema_U-Bahn_S-Bahn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Schema_U-Bahn_S-Bahn.png/540px-Schema_U-Bahn_S-Bahn.png 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Schema comparing <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> (left) with S-Bahn (right). Note the dual role of the S-Bahn with many branches from the suburbs combining to serve a busy corridor in the central area comparable with a rapid-transit system. The actual layouts vary by city, and several have rapid transit like the right image</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg/206px-Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg/309px-Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg/412px-Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Part of <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Stadtbahn" title="Berlin Stadtbahn">Berlin Stadtbahn</a>. The tracks on the right belong to the S-Bahn network and the trains stop at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Hackescher_Markt_station" title="Berlin Hackescher Markt station">Hackescher Markt station</a>, while the other two tracks are for other train types, which do not stop at this station. </figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>S-Bahn</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ESS</span>-bahn</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈɛsˌbaːn]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/af\/De-S-Bahn.ogg\/De-S-Bahn.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-S-Bahn.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/De-S-Bahn.ogg/De-S-Bahn.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-S-Bahn.ogg" title="File:De-S-Bahn.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a hybrid <a href="/wiki/Urban_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban rail">urban</a>–<a href="/wiki/Suburban_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburban rail">suburban rail</a> system serving a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan region">metropolitan region</a> predominantly in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German-speaking</a> countries. Some of the larger S-Bahn systems provide service similar to <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> systems, while smaller ones often resemble <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">regional rail</a> systems. The name S-Bahn derives from <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schnellbahn</i></span> (lit. rapid train), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtbahn</i></span> (lit. city train) or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtschnellbahn</i></span> (lit. rapid city train). </p><p>Similar systems in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and German-speaking <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> are known as S-Bahn as well. In <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, it is known as <b>S-Trein</b> (<a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Flemish</a>) or <b>Train S</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, they are known as <b>S-tog</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="da-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">[ˈesˌtsʰɔˀw]</a></span>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> as <b>Esko</b> or <b>S-lines</b>. In <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, they are known as <a href="/wiki/Milan_S_Lines" title="Milan S Lines"><b>Linee S</b></a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no complete definition of an S-Bahn system. S-Bahn are, where they exist, the most local type of passenger train service that stops at all existing stations on mainline networks inside and around a city (while other mainline trains only call at major stations). </p><p>They are slower than regional mainline trains, but usually serve as fast crosstown services within the city. The <a href="/wiki/S-train_(Copenhagen)" title="S-train (Copenhagen)">Copenhagen S-tog</a> for example goes up to 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph), faster than most urban heavy rail and mass transit. S-Bahn trains generally serve the hinterland of a certain city, rather than connecting different cities, although in high population density areas a few exceptions to this exist. A good example of such an exception is the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn">Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn</a>, which interconnects the cities, towns and suburbs of the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a>. </p><p>Many larger S-Bahn systems have at their core a corridor of exclusive trackage that individual suburban branches feed into, creating a high frequency trunk corridor. In many cases, this central corridor is a dedicated grade-separated line in the city centre with close stop spacing and a high frequency, similar to metro systems. A good example of this is <a href="/wiki/Berliner_Stadtbahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Berliner Stadtbahn">Berliner Stadtbahn</a> in Berlin's S-Bahn, which is regarded as a tourist attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside of the city center, most S-Bahn systems are entirely built on older local railways, or in some cases parallel to an existing dual track railway. Most use existing local mainline railway trackage, but a few branches and lines can be purpose-built S-Bahn lines.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S-Bahn trains typically use overhead lines or a third rail for traction power. In Hamburg both methods are used, depending on which line is powered.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In smaller S-Bahn systems and suburban sections of larger ones, trains typically share tracks with other rail traffic, with the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_S-Bahn" title="Berlin S-Bahn">Berlin S-Bahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_S-Bahn" title="Hamburg S-Bahn">Hamburg S-Bahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_S-train" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen S-train">Copenhagen S-train</a> being notable exceptions. </p><p>Further out from the central parts of a city the individual services branch off into lines where the distances between stations can exceed 5 km, similar to commuter rail. This allows the S-Bahn to serve a dual transport purpose: local transport within a city centre and suburban transport between suburbs and central boroughs of larger cities. Frequencies vary wildly between systems, with headways ranging from 2 minutes in the core sections of large networks to 20 minutes in remote sections of the network, at off-peak times and in smaller systems. </p><p>The rolling stock typically used for S-Bahn systems reflects its hybrid purpose. The interior is designed for short journeys with provision for standing passengers, but may have more space allocated to comfortable seating than metro trains. </p><p>Integration with other local transport for ticketing, connectivity and easy interchange between lines or other systems like metros is typical for the S-Bahn. Where both S-Bahn and metro exist, the number of interchange stations between the two systems is substantial, with metro tickets being valid on S-Bahn services and vice versa. The <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Mitteldeutschland" title="S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland">S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland</a> constitutes the main local railway system for <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> but also connects to <a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a>, where a few stations are located. The <a href="/wiki/Rostock_S-Bahn" title="Rostock S-Bahn">Rostock S-Bahn</a> is an example of a smaller S-Bahn system. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany,_Austria_and_Switzerland"><span id="Germany.2C_Austria_and_Switzerland"></span>Germany, Austria and Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Germany, Austria and Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>S-Bahn</i> is an abbreviation of the German <i>Stadtschnellbahn</i> ("city rapid railway") and was introduced in December 1930 in Berlin. The name was introduced at the time of the reconstruction of the suburban commuter train tracks— the first section to be electrified was a section of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin%E2%80%93Szczecin_railway" title="Berlin–Szczecin railway">Berlin–Stettin railway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Nordbahnhof" title="Berlin Nordbahnhof">Berlin Nordbahnhof</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bernau_bei_Berlin_station" title="Bernau bei Berlin station">Bernau bei Berlin station</a> in 1924, leading to the formation of the Berlin S-Bahn.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main line <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Stadtbahn" title="Berlin Stadtbahn">Berliner Stadtbahn</a> ("Berlin city railway") was electrified with a 750 volt <a href="/wiki/Third_rail" title="Third rail">third rail</a> in 1928 (some steam trains ran until 1929) and the circle line <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Ringbahn" title="Berlin Ringbahn">Berliner Ringbahn</a> was electrified in 1929. The electrification continued on the radial suburban railway tracks along with the timetable moving to a rapid transit model with no more than a 20-minute headway per line where a number of lines overlapped on the main line. The system peaked during the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Olympics</a> in Berlin with trains scheduled at least every 2 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of heavy rail rapid transit was not unique to Berlin. Hamburg had an electric railway between the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Hauptbahnhof" title="Hamburg Hauptbahnhof">central station</a> (<i>Hauptbahnhof</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Hamburg-Altona_station" title="Hamburg-Altona station">Altona</a> which opened in 1906, and in 1934 the system adopted the <i>S-Bahn</i> label from Berlin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the same year in Denmark, Copenhagen's <a href="/wiki/S-tog" class="mw-redirect" title="S-tog">S-tog</a> opened its first line. In Austria, Vienna had its <i>Stadtbahn</i> main line electrified in 1908 and also introduced the term <i>Schnellbahn</i> ("rapid railway") in 1954 for its planned commuter railway network, which started operations in 1962. The <i>S-Bahn</i> label was sometimes used as well, but the name was only switched to <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Wien" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Bahn Wien">S-Bahn Wien</a> in 2005.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As for <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, in 1938 the Nazi government broke ground for an S-Bahn-like rapid transport system in <a href="/wiki/Lindwurmstra%C3%9Fe" title="Lindwurmstraße">Lindwurmstraße</a> near what is now <a href="/wiki/Goetheplatz_station" title="Goetheplatz station">Goetheplatz station</a> on line U6. The system was supposed to run through tunnels in the city centre. The planning process mainly consisted of the bundling and interconnecting of existing suburban and local railways, plus the construction of a few new lines. Plans and construction work - including the building shell of Goetheplatz station - came to a very early halt during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and were not pursued in its aftermath. Very extensive nowadays, Munich's existing S-Bahn system, together with the first two <a href="/wiki/U-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="U-Bahn">U-Bahn</a> lines, only began to operate prior to the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Summer Olympics</a>. </p><p>The term <i>S-Bahn</i> was a registered <a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">wordmark</a> of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a> until 14 March 2012, when, at the request of a transportation association, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Patent_Court_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Patent Court of Germany">Federal Patent Court of Germany</a> ordered its removal from the records of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Patent-_und_Markenamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt">German Patent and Trade Mark Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this Deutsche Bahn collected a royalty of 0.4 cents per train kilometer for the use of the term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesterport_Station_Main_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vesterport_Station_Main_Entrance.jpg/220px-Vesterport_Station_Main_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vesterport_Station_Main_Entrance.jpg/330px-Vesterport_Station_Main_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vesterport_Station_Main_Entrance.jpg/440px-Vesterport_Station_Main_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Vesterport S-train station has three entrances. This is the main one.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesterport_STrain_Station_Platform_and_S-Trains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vesterport_STrain_Station_Platform_and_S-Trains.jpg/220px-Vesterport_STrain_Station_Platform_and_S-Trains.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vesterport_STrain_Station_Platform_and_S-Trains.jpg/330px-Vesterport_STrain_Station_Platform_and_S-Trains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vesterport_STrain_Station_Platform_and_S-Trains.jpg/440px-Vesterport_STrain_Station_Platform_and_S-Trains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Vesterport station is located below street level, but is not under ground. Other trains do not stop here, solely S-trains. Compare with picture of Berlin's S-Bahn above. Same concept.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Svanem%C3%B8llen_Station_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Svanem%C3%B8llen_Station_01.jpg/220px-Svanem%C3%B8llen_Station_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Svanem%C3%B8llen_Station_01.jpg/330px-Svanem%C3%B8llen_Station_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Svanem%C3%B8llen_Station_01.jpg/440px-Svanem%C3%B8llen_Station_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Svanemøllen Station, main entrance</figcaption></figure> <p>The "S" stood for "station". Just before the opening of the first line in the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_S-train" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen S-train">Copenhagen S-train</a> network, the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Politiken" title="Politiken">Politiken</a></i> on 17 February 1934 held a competition about the name, which in Danish became known as <i>Den elektriske enquete</i> or "The electrical survey" (as the Copenhagen S-trains would become the first electrical railways in Denmark). But since an "S" already was put up at all the stations, weeks before the survey, the result became <i>S-tog</i> which means "S-train".<sup id="cite_ref-poulsen_2009_47_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poulsen_2009_47-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was also just a few years after the S-trains had opened in Berlin and Hamburg. Today the Copenhagen S-trains uses six lines and serves 86 stations, 32 of them are located inside the (quite tiny) municipality borders. Each line uses 6 t.p.h (trains per hour) in each direction, with exception of the (yellow) F-line. The F-line has departures in each direction every five minutes, or 12 t.p.h. service .<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_steam_services">Early steam services</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early steam services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1882, the growing number of <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam-powered</a> trains around Berlin prompted the Prussian State Railway to construct separate rail tracks for suburban traffic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <i>Berliner Stadtbahn</i> connected Berlin's eight intercity rail stations which were spread throughout the city (all but the <i>Stettiner Bahnhof</i> which today is a pure S-Bahn station known as <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Nordbahnhof" title="Berlin Nordbahnhof">Berlin Nordbahnhof</a>; as the city <i>Stettin</i> today is Polish city <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>). A lower rate<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for the newly founded <i>Berliner Stadt-, Ring- und Vorortbahn</i> (Berlin City, Circular and Suburban Rail) was introduced on 1 October 1891. This rate and the growing succession of trains made the short-distance service stand out from other railways.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The second suburban railway was the <i><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>-Altonaer Stadt- und Vorortbahn</i> connecting Hamburg with <a href="/wiki/Altona,_Hamburg" title="Altona, Hamburg">Altona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blankenese" title="Blankenese">Blankenese</a>. The Altona office of the Prussian State Railway established the electric powered railway in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electricity">Electricity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Type_474_HH-Diebsteich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Type_474_HH-Diebsteich.jpg/220px-Type_474_HH-Diebsteich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Type_474_HH-Diebsteich.jpg/330px-Type_474_HH-Diebsteich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Type_474_HH-Diebsteich.jpg/440px-Type_474_HH-Diebsteich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3689" data-file-height="2671" /></a><figcaption>The Hamburg S-Bahn third rail system</figcaption></figure> <p>The beginning of the 20th century saw the first electric trains, which in Germany operated at 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> on <a href="/wiki/Overhead_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Overhead lines">overhead lines</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Berlin_S-Bahn" title="Berlin S-Bahn">Berliner Stadt-, Ring- und Vorortbahn</a></i> instead implemented <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a> <a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">multiple units</a> running on 750 V from a <a href="/wiki/Third_rail" title="Third rail">third rail</a>. In 1924, the first electrified route went into service. The third rail was chosen because it made both the modifications of the rail tracks (especially in tunnels and under bridges) and the side-by-side use of electric and steam trains easier.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To set it apart from the subterranean <i><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit_in_Germany#U-Bahn" title="Rapid transit in Germany">U-Bahn</a></i>, the term <i>S-Bahn</i> replaced <i>Stadt-, Ring- und Vorortbahn</i> in 1930.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Hamburg service had established an <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating current</a> line in 1907 with the use of multiple units with <a href="/wiki/Slam_door" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam door">slam doors</a>. In 1940 a new system with 1200 V DC third rail and modern <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">electric multiple units</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sliding_door" title="Sliding door">sliding doors</a> was integrated on this line (on the same tracks). The old system with overhead wire remained up to 1955. The other lines of the network still used steam and later Diesel power. In 1934, the <i>Hamburg-Altonaer Stadt- und Vorortbahn</i> was renamed as S-Bahn.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systems_by_country">Systems by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Systems by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahnen_in_%C3%96sterreich.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/S-Bahnen_in_%C3%96sterreich.svg/220px-S-Bahnen_in_%C3%96sterreich.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/S-Bahnen_in_%C3%96sterreich.svg/330px-S-Bahnen_in_%C3%96sterreich.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/S-Bahnen_in_%C3%96sterreich.svg/440px-S-Bahnen_in_%C3%96sterreich.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>S-Bahn networks in Austria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cityjet_in_Floridsdorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cityjet_in_Floridsdorf.jpg/220px-Cityjet_in_Floridsdorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cityjet_in_Floridsdorf.jpg/330px-Cityjet_in_Floridsdorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cityjet_in_Floridsdorf.jpg/440px-Cityjet_in_Floridsdorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Desiro_Mainline" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens Desiro Mainline">Siemens Desiro Mainline</a> EMU of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_S-Bahn" title="Vienna S-Bahn">Vienna S-Bahn</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahnhof_Heiligenstadt3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bahnhof_Heiligenstadt3.jpg/220px-Bahnhof_Heiligenstadt3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bahnhof_Heiligenstadt3.jpg/330px-Bahnhof_Heiligenstadt3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bahnhof_Heiligenstadt3.jpg/440px-Bahnhof_Heiligenstadt3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/%C3%96BB_Class_4020" title="ÖBB Class 4020">class 4020</a> EMU on Vienna S-Bahn line S40</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S-train_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/S-train_diagram.svg/220px-S-train_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/S-train_diagram.svg/330px-S-train_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/S-train_diagram.svg/440px-S-train_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Schematic map of Copenhagen S-train</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahnnetz_N%C3%BCrnberg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/S-Bahnnetz_N%C3%BCrnberg.png/220px-S-Bahnnetz_N%C3%BCrnberg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/S-Bahnnetz_N%C3%BCrnberg.png/330px-S-Bahnnetz_N%C3%BCrnberg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/S-Bahnnetz_N%C3%BCrnberg.png/440px-S-Bahnnetz_N%C3%BCrnberg.png 2x" data-file-width="4093" data-file-height="2954" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Nuremberg S-Bahn network</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_der_S-Bahn_M%C3%BCnchen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Karte_der_S-Bahn_M%C3%BCnchen.png/220px-Karte_der_S-Bahn_M%C3%BCnchen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Karte_der_S-Bahn_M%C3%BCnchen.png/330px-Karte_der_S-Bahn_M%C3%BCnchen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Karte_der_S-Bahn_M%C3%BCnchen.png/440px-Karte_der_S-Bahn_M%C3%BCnchen.png 2x" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Munich S-Bahn network</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahnnetze_in_Deutschland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/S-Bahnnetze_in_Deutschland.svg/220px-S-Bahnnetze_in_Deutschland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/S-Bahnnetze_in_Deutschland.svg/330px-S-Bahnnetze_in_Deutschland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/S-Bahnnetze_in_Deutschland.svg/440px-S-Bahnnetze_in_Deutschland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Map of S-Bahn networks in Germany</figcaption></figure> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria">Austria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahn_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Austrian S-Bahn logo"><img alt="Austrian S-Bahn logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/S-Bahn_Austria.svg/30px-S-Bahn_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/S-Bahn_Austria.svg/45px-S-Bahn_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/S-Bahn_Austria.svg/60px-S-Bahn_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Austrian S-Bahn logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest and largest S-Bahn system in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_S-Bahn" title="Vienna S-Bahn">Vienna S-Bahn</a>, which predominantly uses non exclusive rails tracks outside of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. It was established in 1962, although it was usually referred to as <i>Schnellbahn</i> until 2005. The white "S" on a blue circle used as the logo is said to reflect the layout of the central railway line in Vienna. However, it has now been changed for a more stylized version that is used all through Austria, except Salzburg. The rolling stock was blue for a long time, reflecting the logo colour, but red is used uniformly for nearly all local traffic today. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahn_Salzburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salzburg S-Bahn logo"><img alt="Salzburg S-Bahn logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/S-Bahn_Salzburg.svg/30px-S-Bahn_Salzburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/S-Bahn_Salzburg.svg/45px-S-Bahn_Salzburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/S-Bahn_Salzburg.svg/60px-S-Bahn_Salzburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Salzburg S-Bahn logo</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_S-Bahn" title="Salzburg S-Bahn">Salzburg S-Bahn</a> went into service as the first <a href="/wiki/Euroregion" title="Euroregion">Euroregion</a> S-Bahn, crossing the border to the neighbouring towns of <a href="/wiki/Freilassing" title="Freilassing">Freilassing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. The network is served by three corporations: the <i>Berchtesgadener Land Bahn</i> (BLB)(S4), the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Federal_Railways" title="Austrian Federal Railways">Austrian Federal Railways</a> (German: <i>Österreichischen Bundesbahn</i> / ÖBB)(S2 and S3) and the <i>Salzburger Lokalbahn</i> (SLB)(S1 and S11) and . The Salzburg S-Bahn logo is only different one, it is a white S on a light blue circle. </p><p>In 2006 the <a href="/wiki/Regionalbahn" title="Regionalbahn">regional train</a> line in the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Rhine" title="Alpine Rhine">Rhine Valley</a> in the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a> has been renamed to <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg_S-Bahn" title="Vorarlberg S-Bahn">Vorarlberg S-Bahn</a>. It is a three lines network, operated by the <i><a href="/wiki/Montafonerbahn" title="Montafonerbahn">Montafonerbahn</a></i> and the ÖBB. It was later expanded. Presently, a frequent service, the S1, operates between <a href="/wiki/Bludenz_railway_station" title="Bludenz railway station">Bludenz</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lindau-Reutin_station" title="Lindau-Reutin station">Lindau-Reutin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">D</a>) via <a href="/wiki/Bregenz_railway_station" title="Bregenz railway station">Bregenz</a>. In addition, an hourly service, S3 (<a href="/wiki/%C3%96BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ÖBB">ÖBB</a>), connects <a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a> with <a href="/wiki/St._Margrethen" title="St. Margrethen">St. Margrethen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">CH</a>), and another service (S2) operates between <a href="/wiki/Feldkirch,_Vorarlberg" title="Feldkirch, Vorarlberg">Feldkirch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">A</a>), <a href="/wiki/Schaan" title="Schaan">Schaan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">FL</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Buchs_SG" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchs SG">Buchs SG</a> (CH). The <i>Montafonerbahn</i> runs the S4.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Steiermark" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Bahn Steiermark">S-Bahn Steiermark</a></i> has been inaugurated in December 2007 in <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>, built to connect its capital city <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a> with the rest of the metropolitan area, currently the following lines are active: S1, S11, S3, S31, S5, S51, S6, S61, S7, S8 and S9. The network is operated by three railway companies: the <i>Graz-Köflacher Bahn</i> (GKB) (lines: S6, S61 and S7), the ÖBB (lines: S1, S3, S5, S51, S8 and S9) and the <i>Steiermärkische Landesbahnen</i> (StB) (lines: S11 and S31). </p><p>In December 2007 as well the <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_S-Bahn" title="Tyrol S-Bahn">Tyrol S-Bahn</a> opened, running from <a href="/wiki/Hall_in_Tirol" title="Hall in Tirol">Hall in Tirol</a> in the east to <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck_Hauptbahnhof" title="Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof">Innsbruck Central Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telfs" title="Telfs">Telfs</a> in the west and from Innsbruck to Steinach am Brenner. <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Talent" title="Bombardier Talent">Class 4024</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">EMUs</a> are used as rolling stock on this network. </p><p>In 2010 the <i><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_K%C3%A4rnten" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Bahn Kärnten">S-Bahn Kärnten</a></i> was opened in the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a> and currently consists of 4 lines operated by ÖBB. </p><p>The youngest network is the <i><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Ober%C3%B6sterreich" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Bahn Oberösterreich">S-Bahn Oberösterreich</a></i> in the Greater <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a> area of the state of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>, which was inaugurated in December 2016. It is a 5 line system operated by <i><a href="/wiki/Stern_und_Hafferl_Verkehr" title="Stern und Hafferl Verkehr">Stern und Hafferl</a></i> and the ÖBB. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NMBS_S-Trein_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brussels S train logo"><img alt="Brussels S train logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NMBS_S-Trein_logo.svg/30px-NMBS_S-Trein_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NMBS_S-Trein_logo.svg/45px-NMBS_S-Trein_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NMBS_S-Trein_logo.svg/60px-NMBS_S-Trein_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Brussels <i>S train</i> logo</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 2015, the trains of the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Regional_Express_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels Regional Express Network">Brussels Regional Express Network</a> (French: <i>Réseau Express Régional Bruxellois</i>, <i>RER</i>; Dutch: <i>Gewestelijk Expresnet</i>, GEN) of the <a href="/wiki/National_Railway_Company_of_Belgium" title="National Railway Company of Belgium">NMBS/SNCB</a> belong to train category <i>S</i> and are referred to as <i>S train</i> (Dutch: 'S-trein', French: <i>train S</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, local trains of NMBS/SNCB in and around <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a> changed to the train category <i>S train</i> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esko_Praha_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Czech Esko logo"><img alt="Czech Esko logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Esko_Praha_logo.svg/30px-Esko_Praha_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Esko_Praha_logo.svg/45px-Esko_Praha_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Esko_Praha_logo.svg/60px-Esko_Praha_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Czech <i>Esko</i> logo</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, integrated <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> systems exist in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Moravian-Silesian_Region" title="Moravian-Silesian Region">Moravian-Silesian Region</a>. Both systems are called <i>Esko</i>, which is how <i>S</i> letter is usually called in Czech. <a href="/wiki/Esko_Prague" title="Esko Prague">Esko Prague</a> has been operating since 9 December 2007 as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Integrated_Transport" title="Prague Integrated Transport">Prague Integrated Transport</a> system. <a href="/wiki/Esko_Moravian-Silesian_Region" title="Esko Moravian-Silesian Region">Esko Moravian-Silesian Region</a> began operating on 14 December 2008 as a part of the ODIS Integrated Transport system serving the Moravian-Silesian Region. Both systems are primarily operated by <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_dr%C3%A1hy" title="České dráhy">České dráhy</a>. Several shorter lines are operated by other companies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark_2">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S-tog.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Copenhagen S-tog logo"><img alt="Copenhagen S-tog logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/S-tog.svg/30px-S-tog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/S-tog.svg/45px-S-tog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/S-tog.svg/60px-S-tog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Copenhagen S-tog logo</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_S-train" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen S-train">Copenhagen S-train</a> connects the city centre, other inner and outer boroughs and suburbs with each other. The average distance between stations is 2.0 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a>, shorter in the city core and inner boroughs, longer at the end of lines that serve suburbs. Of the 86 stations, 32 are located within the central parts of the city. Some stations are located around 40 km from Copenhagen city centre. For this reason the fares vary depending on distances. The one-day passes which the tourists buy are valid only in the most central parts of the S-train system. On weekdays each line has a departure every 10 minutes with the exception of the F-line, on which a train departs every five minutes. Where several lines converge on a common piece of track there could be as many as 30 trains per hour in each direction. On Sundays the seven lines are reduced to four lines, but all stations are served at least every 10 minutes. The three railway stations at <a href="/wiki/Amager" title="Amager">Amager</a> have a local service that is the equivalent of the S-trains. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Metro" title="Copenhagen Metro">Copenhagen Metro</a> opened in 2002 as a complement to the already existing S-train system. Copenhagen's S-train system is the only one in the country. Outside Denmark, in cities where both exist, is it far from unusual that a metro system later has been complemented with S-trains. The branch towards <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8ge" title="Køge">Køge</a> (the southernmost S-train station in Copenhagen's S-network) has a rather unique history, as it was built in the 1970s where no previous railway ever had existed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_transit_icons_-_RER.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paris RER logo"><img alt="Paris RER logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Paris_transit_icons_-_RER.svg/30px-Paris_transit_icons_-_RER.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Paris_transit_icons_-_RER.svg/45px-Paris_transit_icons_-_RER.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Paris_transit_icons_-_RER.svg/60px-Paris_transit_icons_-_RER.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Paris RER logo</figcaption></figure> <p>Although not called a "Train S" in French, the <a href="/wiki/Paris_RER" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris RER">Paris RER</a> has the characteristic structure of an S-Bahn system, with branches going to distant suburbs and sharing a common corridor in the city center.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also called "S-Bahn" in some German-language signs. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_RER_S-Bahn_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Paris_RER_S-Bahn_sign.jpg/220px-Paris_RER_S-Bahn_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Paris_RER_S-Bahn_sign.jpg/330px-Paris_RER_S-Bahn_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Paris_RER_S-Bahn_sign.jpg/440px-Paris_RER_S-Bahn_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3707" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Sign which describes the Paris RER in German with the term S-Bahn</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany_2">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="German S-Bahn logo"><img alt="German S-Bahn logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/S-Bahn-Logo.svg/30px-S-Bahn-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/S-Bahn-Logo.svg/45px-S-Bahn-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/S-Bahn-Logo.svg/60px-S-Bahn-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>German S-Bahn logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The trains of the Berlin and Hamburg S-Bahn systemsran on separate tracks from the beginning. When other cities started implementing their systems in the 1960s, they mostly had to use the existing intercity rail tracks, and they still more or less use such tracks. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hauptbahnhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptbahnhof">central intercity stations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Hauptbahnhof" title="Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Hauptbahnhof" title="Leipzig Hauptbahnhof">Leipzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen_Hauptbahnhof" title="München Hauptbahnhof">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Hauptbahnhof" title="Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof">Stuttgart</a> are <a href="/wiki/Terminal_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal station">terminal stations</a>, so all four cities have monocentric S-Bahn networks. The S-Bahn trains use as their core segment a tunnel under the central station and the city centre (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Stammstrecke_(Munich_S-Bahn)" title="Stammstrecke (Munich S-Bahn)">Munich S-Bahn Stammstrecke</a> and the upcoming <i><a href="/wiki/Trunk_line_2_(Munich_S-Bahn)" title="Trunk line 2 (Munich S-Bahn)">Zweite Stammstrecke</a></i>). </p><p>The high number of large cities in the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> area promotes a polycentric network connecting all cities and suburbs. The <i><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Ruhr_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn">S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr</a></i>, as it is called, features few tunnels, and its routes are longer than those of other networks. The Ruhr S-Bahn is the only S-Bahn network to be run by more than one corporation in Germany, and the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_S-Bahn" title="Salzburg S-Bahn">Salzburg S-Bahn</a> holds a similar distinction in Austria. Most Swiss S-Bahn systems are multi-corporation networks, however. </p><p>Most German S-Bahn networks have a unique ticket system, separated from the <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a></i> rates, instead connected to the city ticket system used for U-bahns and local buses. The S-Bahn of <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, however, operates under five different rates due to its large expanse. </p><p>One S-Bahn system is no longer in operation: the <a href="/wiki/Erfurt_S-Bahn" title="Erfurt S-Bahn">Erfurt S-Bahn</a> which operated from 1976 until 1995 and was an 8.6 km (5.3 mi) single-line diesel-powered system which consisted of four stations from <a href="/wiki/Erfurt_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Erfurt Central Station">Erfurt Central Station</a> to Erfurt Berliner Straße station in the then newly built northern suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>. </p><p>There are several S-Bahn or S-Bahn-like systems in planning, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg_S-Bahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg S-Bahn (page does not exist)">Augsburg S-Bahn</a> (<a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahn_Augsburg_Liniennetzplan.jpg" title="File:S-Bahn Augsburg Liniennetzplan.jpg">network plan</a>) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BCbeck_S-Bahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lübeck S-Bahn (page does not exist)">Lübeck S-Bahn</a> (<a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahn_L%C3%BCbeck.svg" title="File:S-Bahn Lübeck.svg">network plan</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn_Karlsruhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadtbahn Karlsruhe">Stadtbahn Karlsruhe</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">tram-train</a> network) uses the green "S" logo for stations in the outskirts and has its lines indicated by an "S" in front of the line number, but does not refer to itself as <i>S-Bahn</i>. The logo also can't be found on the trains, contrary to most other systems where it's placed somewhere on the sides or at the front of the trains. A new city-centre tunnel opened at the end of 2021, however the blue <i><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit_in_Germany#U-Bahn" title="Rapid transit in Germany">U-Bahn</a></i> logo is not used either for it. To mark those tunnel stations, a yellow U is used, which is unique and can only be found there. </p><p>Despite their names, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ortenau_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortenau S-Bahn">Ortenau S-Bahn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a>) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Danube-Iller_Regional_S-Bahn" title="Danube-Iller Regional S-Bahn">Danube-Iller Regional S-Bahn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Neu-Ulm" title="Neu-Ulm">Neu-Ulm</a>, opened 2020) are <a href="/wiki/Regionalbahn" title="Regionalbahn">Regionalbahn</a> services. </p><p>The following networks are currently in operation: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe5"> <th>S-Bahn </th> <th>Area of Responsibility </th> <th>Authority </th> <th>Opened </th> <th>Lines </th> <th>Kilometrage </th> <th class="unsortable">Rolling Stock </th> <th>Company </th> <th>Expiry of contract </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin_S-Bahn" title="Berlin S-Bahn">Berlin S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg">VBB</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1924 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">331 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BVG_Class_480" title="BVG Class 480">480</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_481" title="DBAG Class 481">481</a>/<a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_482" class="mw-redirect" title="DBAG Class 482">482</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_483" title="DBAG Class 483">483</a>/<a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_484" class="mw-redirect" title="DBAG Class 484">484</a>, <a href="/wiki/DR_Class_270" title="DR Class 270">485</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Berlin_GmbH" title="S-Bahn Berlin GmbH">S-Bahn Berlin GmbH</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Breisgau_S-Bahn" title="Breisgau S-Bahn">Breisgau S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regio-Verkehrsverbund_Freiburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regio-Verkehrsverbund Freiburg (page does not exist)">RVF</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1997<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>50 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alstom_Coradia_Continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Alstom Coradia Continental">Alstom Coradia Continental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadler_Regio-Shuttle_RS1" title="Stadler Regio-Shuttle RS1">Stadler Regio-Shuttle RS1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio AG">DB Regio AG</a> (electric), <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestdeutsche_Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Südwestdeutsche Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft">SWEG</a> (diesel) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bremen_S-Bahn" title="Bremen S-Bahn">Bremen S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(Oldenburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldenburg (Oldenburg)">Oldenburg</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkehrsverbund_Bremen/Niedersachsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkehrsverbund Bremen/Niedersachsen (page does not exist)">VBN</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">270 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alstom_Coradia_Continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Alstom Coradia Continental">Alstom Coradia Continental</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NordWestBahn" title="NordWestBahn">NordWestBahn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dresden_S-Bahn" title="Dresden S-Bahn">Dresden S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Oberelbe" title="Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe">VVO</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1992 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">128 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DR_Class_243" title="DR Class 243">143</a> + <a href="/wiki/Doppelstockwagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Doppelstockwagen">Doppelstockwagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Traxx#Baureihe_146.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Traxx">146.0</a> + <a href="/wiki/Doppelstockwagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Doppelstockwagen">Doppelstockwagen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_S%C3%BCdost" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio Südost">DB Regio Südost</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2027 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_S-Bahn" title="Hamburg S-Bahn">Hamburg S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamburger_Verkehrsverbund" title="Hamburger Verkehrsverbund">HVV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1934 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">144 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Class_472" title="DB Class 472">472</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_474" title="DBAG Class 474">474</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_490" title="DBAG Class 490">490</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio AG">DB Regio AG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2033 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hannover_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannover S-Bahn">Hannover S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hannover" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannover">Hannover</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minden" title="Minden">Minden</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fraum-Verkehr_Hannover" title="Großraum-Verkehr Hannover">GVH</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahverkehrsverbund_Paderborn-H%C3%B6xter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahverkehrsverbund Paderborn-Höxter (page does not exist)">nph</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 (+ 1) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">385 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_424" title="DBAG Class 424">424</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_425" title="DBAG Class 425">425</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio#Region_Nord" title="DB Regio">DB Regio Nord</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutschland_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitteldeutschland S-Bahn">Mitteldeutschland S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Zwickau" title="Zwickau">Zwickau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitterfeld" title="Bitterfeld">Bitterfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wurzen" title="Wurzen">Wurzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borna,_Leipzig" title="Borna, Leipzig">Borna</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Verkehrsverbund" title="Mitteldeutscher Verkehrsverbund">MDV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg">VBB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Mittelsachsen" title="Verkehrsverbund Mittelsachsen">VMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Oberelbe" title="Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe">VVO</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2013<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">802 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Talent_2" title="Bombardier Talent 2">Bombardier Talent 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/DR-Baureihe_243" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-Baureihe 243">143</a> + <a href="/wiki/Doppelstockwagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Doppelstockwagen">Doppelstockwagen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_S%C3%BCdost" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio Südost">DB Regio Südost</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2025/2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mittelelbe_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mittelelbe S-Bahn">Mittelelbe S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdeburger_Regionalverkehrsverbund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magdeburger Regionalverkehrsverbund (page does not exist)">marego</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1974 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_425" title="DBAG Class 425">425</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_S%C3%BCdost" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio Südost">DB Regio Südost</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2028 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Munich_S-Bahn" title="Munich S-Bahn">Munich S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchner_Verkehrs-_und_Tarifverbund" title="Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund">MVV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1972 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">434 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_423" title="DBAG Class 423">423</a>, <a href="/wiki/DB_Class_420" title="DB Class 420">420</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio AG">DB Regio AG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberg_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Nürnberg S-Bahn">Nürnberg S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nürnberg">Nürnberg</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwabach" title="Schwabach">Schwabach</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Gro%C3%9Fraum_N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg">VGN</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1987 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">320 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_425" title="DBAG Class 425">425</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alstom_Coradia_Continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Alstom Coradia Continental">Coradia Continental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Talent_2" title="Bombardier Talent 2">Talent 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_Bayern" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio Bayern">DB Regio Bayern</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ortenau-S-Bahn" title="Ortenau-S-Bahn">Ortenau-S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Straßburg">Straßburg</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarifverbund_Ortenau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarifverbund Ortenau (page does not exist)">TGO</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">170 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stadler_Regio-Shuttle_RS1" title="Stadler Regio-Shuttle RS1">Stadler Regio-Shuttle RS1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestdeutsche_Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Südwestdeutsche Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft">SWEG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Main S-Bahn">Rhine-Main S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund" title="Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund">RMV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1978 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">303 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_423" title="DBAG Class 423">423</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_430" title="DBAG Class 430">430</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio AG">DB Regio AG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2029,<br /> 2036 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RheinNeckar_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="RheinNeckar S-Bahn">RheinNeckar S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein">Ludwigshafen am Rhein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Neckar" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar">VRN</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlsruher_Verkehrsverbund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (page does not exist)">KVV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilbronner_Hohenloher_Haller_Nahverkehr" title="Heilbronner Hohenloher Haller Nahverkehr">HNV</a>, <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Verkehrsverbund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saarländischer Verkehrsverbund (page does not exist)">saarVV</a></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2003 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">370 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_425" title="DBAG Class 425">425</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Mireo" title="Siemens Mireo">Siemens Mireo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_S%C3%BCdwest" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio Südwest">DB Regio Südwest</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2017,<br /> 2033 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Ruhr_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn">Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn</a><br /><i>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhrschnellverkehr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhrschnellverkehr (page does not exist)">Ruhrschnellverkehr</a>)</i><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn_K%C3%B6ln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Bahn Köln (page does not exist)">S-Bahn Köln</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruhrgebiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhrgebiet">Ruhrgebiet</a> <small>(esp. <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Rheinland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheinland">Rheinland</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Köln">Köln</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Ruhr" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr">VRR</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Sieg" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg">VRS</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1967<br /><i>(1932)</i><br />1975 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">717 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Class_420" title="DB Class 420">420</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_422" title="DBAG Class 422">422</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_423" title="DBAG Class 423">423</a>, 424, Stadler Flirt 3XL, <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Talent" title="Bombardier Talent">Bombardier Talent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alstom_Coradia_LINT" title="Alstom Coradia LINT">Alstom Coradia LINT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alstom_Coradia_Continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Alstom Coradia Continental">Alstom Coradia Continental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Integral_(train)" title="Integral (train)">Integral</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_NRW" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio NRW">DB Regio NRW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regiobahn_GmbH" title="Regiobahn GmbH">Regiobahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abellio_Rail_NRW" class="mw-redirect" title="Abellio Rail NRW">Abellio Rail NRW</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rostock_S-Bahn" title="Rostock S-Bahn">Rostock S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkehrsverbund_Warnow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkehrsverbund Warnow (page does not exist)">VVW</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1974 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>91 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Talent_2" title="Bombardier Talent 2">Bombardier Talent 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio#Region_Nordost" title="DB Regio">DB Regio Nordost</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_S-Bahn" title="Stuttgart S-Bahn">Stuttgart S-Bahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Waiblingen" title="Waiblingen">Waiblingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg" title="Ludwigsburg">Ludwigsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6blingen" title="Böblingen">Böblingen</a></small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verkehrs-_und_Tarifverbund_Stuttgart" title="Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart">VVS</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1978 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">215 km </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_423" title="DBAG Class 423">423</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_430" title="DBAG Class 430">430</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Regio AG">DB Regio AG</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2028 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">first electric services started 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">originally established as two unconnected systems in 1969, connected in 2004 and substantially enlarged in 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Liechtenstein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S-BahnFLACH_Uebersicht.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/S-BahnFLACH_Uebersicht.png/200px-S-BahnFLACH_Uebersicht.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/S-BahnFLACH_Uebersicht.png/300px-S-BahnFLACH_Uebersicht.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/S-BahnFLACH_Uebersicht.png/400px-S-BahnFLACH_Uebersicht.png 2x" data-file-width="2162" data-file-height="3642" /></a><figcaption>S-Bahn Liechtenstein (currently suspended)</figcaption></figure> <p>The only railway line passing through the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Liechtenstein">Principality of Liechtenstein</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Feldkirch%E2%80%93Buchs_railway" title="Feldkirch–Buchs railway">Feldkirch–Buchs railway</a> line, which connects with the Austrian rail network in <a href="/wiki/Feldkirch_railway_station" title="Feldkirch railway station">Feldkirch</a> and with the Swiss network in <a href="/wiki/Buchs_SG_railway_station" title="Buchs SG railway station">Buchs SG</a>. In June 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Swiss canton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">Austrian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a>, and the Principality of Liechtenstein signed an agreement for a project to upgrade this line (and the surrounding ones) and to increase the rail traffic. The project, named <a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Bahn Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">S-Bahn Liechtenstein</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Bahn_Liechtenstein" class="extiw" title="de:S-Bahn Liechtenstein">de</a>]</span> was approved by Liechtenstein and Austria in a <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Intent" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter of Intent">Letter of Intent</a> signed in April 2020<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and under that plan, it was to be fully realised by 2027 and would have cost an estimated <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>187 million.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That plan was however rejected by 62.3% of Liechtenstein voters in a referendum on 30 August 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-railwaygazette_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railwaygazette-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ORF_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORF-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the December 2023 timetable change, an S-Bahn service, the S2 of <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg_S-Bahn" title="Vorarlberg S-Bahn">Vorarlberg S-Bahn</a>, operates between <a href="/wiki/Feldkirch,_Vorarlberg" title="Feldkirch, Vorarlberg">Feldkirch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">A</a>), <a href="/wiki/Schaan" title="Schaan">Schaan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">FL</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Buchs_SG" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchs SG">Buchs SG</a> (CH). There are three operational railway stations in Liechtenstein along the Feldkirch–Buchs line: <a href="/wiki/Schaan-Vaduz_railway_station" title="Schaan-Vaduz railway station">Schaan-Vaduz</a> (which serves the capital <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a>), <a href="/wiki/Forst_Hilti_railway_station" title="Forst Hilti railway station">Forst Hilti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nendeln_railway_station" title="Nendeln railway station">Nendeln</a>. A fourth station, <a href="/wiki/Schaanwald_railway_station" title="Schaanwald railway station">Schaanwald</a>, was closed in 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PL-SKMWA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PL-SKMWA_logo.svg/83px-PL-SKMWA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PL-SKMWA_logo.svg/125px-PL-SKMWA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/PL-SKMWA_logo.svg/166px-PL-SKMWA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="152" /></a></span>Established in 2002, the Warsaw <a href="/wiki/Fast_Urban_Railway_(Warsaw)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Urban Railway (Warsaw)">Szybka Kolej Miejska (SKM)</a>, translating to 'Rapid Urban Rail,' functions as a combined rapid transit and commuter rail system within the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_metropolitan_area" title="Warsaw metropolitan area">Warsaw metropolitan area</a>. Operated by the city-owned company Szybka Kolej Miejska Sp. z o.o. and managed by the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Public_Transport_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw Public Transport Authority">Public Transport Authority in Warsaw</a>, SKM utilizes shared general railway lines supervised by <a href="/wiki/PKP_Polskie_Linie_Kolejowe" title="PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe">PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe</a>. The system serves 55 stations and features 4 key lines - S1, S2, S3, and S4, connecting <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Chopin_Airport_railway_station" title="Warsaw Chopin Airport railway station">Warsaw Chopin Airport</a> with the city center, additionally reaching to areas not covered by the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Metro" title="Warsaw Metro">metro</a> network. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fast_Urban_Railway_(Tricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Urban Railway (Tricity)">Fast Urban Rail Tricity</a> is an analogous SKM system serving <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sopot" title="Sopot">Sopot</a>, providing urban rail transit in the <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland's</a> <a href="/wiki/Tricity,_Poland" title="Tricity, Poland">Tricity.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>S-Bahn</i> is also used in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">German-speaking</a> part of Switzerland. <a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">Swiss French</a> networks use the term <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_Express_R%C3%A9gional" title="Réseau Express Régional">RER</a></i> with line numbers prefixed with an R, e.g. as R2, except for the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9man_Express" title="Léman Express">Léman Express</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Geneva" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Geneva">Greater Geneva</a> that uses the prefix L followed by the line number ("L" for "Léman-Express"), e.g. L2. S-Bahn-style services in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a> speaking parts of Switzerland also use, like the <a href="/wiki/Milan_S_Lines" title="Milan S Lines">Milan suburban system</a>, the "S" prefix, although in Italian such networks are called <i>rete celere</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fast network</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) instead of S-Bahn. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahn_Bern.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berne S-Bahn logo"><img alt="Berne S-Bahn logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/S-Bahn_Bern.svg/23px-S-Bahn_Bern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/S-Bahn_Bern.svg/35px-S-Bahn_Bern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/S-Bahn_Bern.svg/46px-S-Bahn_Bern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Berne S-Bahn logo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahn-Netze_Schweiz.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/S-Bahn-Netze_Schweiz.png/200px-S-Bahn-Netze_Schweiz.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/S-Bahn-Netze_Schweiz.png/300px-S-Bahn-Netze_Schweiz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/S-Bahn-Netze_Schweiz.png/400px-S-Bahn-Netze_Schweiz.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption>S-Bahn networks of Swiss urban areas (in 2006)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%BCti_-_Bahnhof_-_Kirchenrainstrasse_2010-11-13_14-21-36.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/R%C3%BCti_-_Bahnhof_-_Kirchenrainstrasse_2010-11-13_14-21-36.JPG/200px-R%C3%BCti_-_Bahnhof_-_Kirchenrainstrasse_2010-11-13_14-21-36.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/R%C3%BCti_-_Bahnhof_-_Kirchenrainstrasse_2010-11-13_14-21-36.JPG/300px-R%C3%BCti_-_Bahnhof_-_Kirchenrainstrasse_2010-11-13_14-21-36.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/R%C3%BCti_-_Bahnhof_-_Kirchenrainstrasse_2010-11-13_14-21-36.JPG/400px-R%C3%BCti_-_Bahnhof_-_Kirchenrainstrasse_2010-11-13_14-21-36.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>S-Bahn Zurich <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">EMU</a> in <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCti_ZH" class="mw-redirect" title="Rüti ZH">Rüti</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest network in Switzerland is the <a href="/wiki/Bern_S-Bahn" title="Bern S-Bahn">Bern S-Bahn</a>, which was established in stages from 1974 onward and has adopted the term S-Bahn since 1995. It is also the only one in Switzerland to use a coloured "S" logo. In 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich S-Bahn">Zürich S-Bahn</a>, went into service. As of 2022, this network comprises 32 services, covering a large area in Switzerland (and parts of southern Germany). Further S-Bahn services were set up in the course of the <i><a href="/wiki/Rail_2000" title="Rail 2000">Bahn 2000</a></i> initiative in <a href="/wiki/Central_Switzerland" title="Central Switzerland">Central Switzerland</a> (a collaborative network of <i><a href="/wiki/Lucerne_S-Bahn" title="Lucerne S-Bahn">S-Bahn Luzern</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Zug_Stadtbahn" title="Zug Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn Zug</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Switzerland" title="Eastern Switzerland">Eastern Switzerland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen_S-Bahn" title="St. Gallen S-Bahn">S-Bahn St. Gallen</a></i>). </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Basel_trinational_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Basel trinational S-Bahn">Basel trinational S-Bahn</a></i> services the <a href="/wiki/Basel_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Basel metropolitan area">Basel metropolitan area</a>, thus providing cross-border transportation into both France and Germany. A tunnel connecting <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>'s two large intercity stations (<a href="/wiki/Basel_Badischer_Bahnhof" title="Basel Badischer Bahnhof">Basel Badischer Bahnhof</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basel_SBB_railway_station" title="Basel SBB railway station">Basel SBB</a>) is planned as <i><a href="/wiki/Herzst%C3%BCck_Basel" title="Herzstück Basel">Herzstück Regio-S-Bahn Basel</a></i> (lit. heart-piece Regio-S-Bahn Basel). </p><p>An international S-Bahn network also existsts across the <a href="/wiki/Swiss-Italian_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Italian border">Swiss-Italian border</a>, in the Swiss <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Ticino" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Ticino">Canton of Ticino</a> and the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Italy">Italian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>. Services are operated by <a href="/wiki/Treni_Regionali_Ticino_Lombardia" title="Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia">Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia</a> (TILO), a joint venture between Italian railway company <a href="/wiki/Trenord" title="Trenord">Trenord</a> and Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS). </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/RER_Vaud" title="RER Vaud">RER Vaud</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9man_Express" title="Léman Express">Léman Express</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> serve the area around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a> (<i>fr. Lac Léman</i>). The <i>Léman express</i> network expands across the <a href="/wiki/Swiss-French_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-French border">Swiss-French border</a>. It is the largest cross-country S-Bahn network of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Léman express</i> was launched in December 2019 and is operated by Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) and <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a>. </p><p>Another transborder network for the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a> (<i>Bodensee</i>) area, connecting up to four nations, is under discussion. This network would extend across the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">German states</a> <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">Austrian state</a> <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a>, the Principality of <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_FL.A.CH" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Bahn FL.A.CH">S-Bahn FL.A.CH</a></i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Swiss cantons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a>. Possible names are <i>Bodensee-S-Bahn</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rhine#Switzerland" title="Rhine">Alpenrhein</a>-Bahn</i>. Presently, the <a href="/wiki/Bodensee_S-Bahn" title="Bodensee S-Bahn">Bodensee S-Bahn</a> only operates services around Lake Constance in Austria, Germany and Switzerland (without Liechtenstein).<sup id="cite_ref-railwaygazette_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railwaygazette-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes, among others, the <a href="/wiki/S14_(St._Gallen_S-Bahn)" title="S14 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)">S14</a> and <a href="/wiki/S44_(St._Gallen_S-Bahn)" title="S44 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)">S44</a> services of St. Gallen S-Bahn, which both connect <a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">D</a>) with <a href="/wiki/Kreuzlingen" title="Kreuzlingen">Kreuzlingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weinfelden" title="Weinfelden">Weinfelden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">CH</a>). Since 2022, some <a href="/wiki/S7_(St._Gallen_S-Bahn)" title="S7 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)">S7</a> services continue from <a href="/wiki/Rorschach_SG" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorschach SG">Rorschach</a> (CH) to Bregenz (<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">A</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a>-Reutin (D).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional transborder services are planned. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chur_S-Bahn" title="Chur S-Bahn">Chur S-Bahn</a> provides services around <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, the capital of the alpine <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a> (Grisons) in south-eastern Switzerland. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Aargau_S-Bahn" title="Aargau S-Bahn">Aargau S-Bahn</a> is a small network that services stations in the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Aargau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Aargau">Aargau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Luzern" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Luzern">Lucerne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton Bern">Bern</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/RER_Fribourg" title="RER Fribourg">RER Fribourg</a></i> is an S-Bahn-style service centered at <a href="/wiki/Fribourg/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Fribourg/Freiburg">Fribourg/Freiburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulle_FR" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulle FR">Bulle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Canton of Fribourg</a>, and extending into the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>. </p><p>Two unnumbered S-Bahn services (designated only with an "S"), one between <a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erzingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzingen">Erzingen</a> (D), running on railway tracks owned by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a> (DB), and one between Schaffhausen and <a href="/wiki/Jestetten" title="Jestetten">Jestetten</a> (D), opened in 2013. They are operated by <a href="/wiki/SBB_GmbH" title="SBB GmbH">SBB GmbH</a> and <a href="/wiki/THURBO" class="mw-redirect" title="THURBO">THURBO</a>, respectively. Since December 2022, the Schaffhausen–<a href="/wiki/Singen_am_Hohentwiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Singen am Hohentwiel">Singen am Hohentwiel</a> line is also serviced by SBB GmbH<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the December 2023 timetable change, the three services of <a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen_S-Bahn" title="Schaffhausen S-Bahn">Schaffhausen S-Bahn</a> are numbered S62, S64 and S65. </p><p>Additionally, there are services designated "S" that are not part of any formal S-Bahn network. These include the S20, S21, and S22 operated by Swiss Federal Railways in <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a> or the <a href="/wiki/S27_(S%C3%BCdostbahn)" title="S27 (Südostbahn)">S27</a> operated by Südostbahn (SOB) between <a href="/wiki/Siebnen-Wangen_railway_station" title="Siebnen-Wangen railway station">Siebnen-Wangen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ziegelbr%C3%BCcke_railway_station" title="Ziegelbrücke railway station">Ziegelbrücke</a>. </p><p>Swiss S-Bahn services are operated mostly by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">Swiss Federal Railways</a> (SBB CFF FFS) but also by private railway companies, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Appenzeller_Bahnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Appenzeller Bahnen">Appenzeller Bahnen</a></i> (AB), <a href="/wiki/BLS_AG" title="BLS AG">BLS AG</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Forchbahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Forchbahn">Forchbahn</a></i> (FB), <i><a href="/wiki/Regionalverkehr_Bern-Solothurn" title="Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn">Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn</a></i> (RBS), <i><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A4tische_Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhätische Bahn">Rhätische Bahn</a></i> (RhB), <i><a href="/wiki/Sihltal_Z%C3%BCrich_Uetliberg_Bahn" title="Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn">Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn</a></i> (SZU), <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdostbahn" title="Südostbahn">Südostbahn</a></i> (SOB) or <i><a href="/wiki/Zentralbahn" title="Zentralbahn">Zentralbahn</a></i> (ZB). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">Rail transport in Switzerland</a>, including S-Bahn systems, is noteworthy for its coordination between services due to the <a href="/wiki/Clock-face_schedule" class="mw-redirect" title="Clock-face schedule">clock-face schedule</a>. Due to the proximity of the various S-Bahn systems in Switzerland, services of one network often offer connections to services of neighboring networks. S-Bahn services are used by <a href="/wiki/Commuters" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuters">commuters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourists" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourists">tourists</a> (some services call nearby tourist attractions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Falls" title="Rhine Falls">Rhine Falls</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Museum_of_Transport" title="Swiss Museum of Transport">Swiss Museum of Transport</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some examples of S-Bahn systems in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Liujia_line" title="Liujia line">Liujia line</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hsinchu" title="Hsinchu">Hsinchu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shalun_line" title="Shalun line">Shalun line</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK">UK</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some examples of S-Bahn systems in the UK are <a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground">London Overground</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thameslink" title="Thameslink">Thameslink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Line">Elizabeth Line</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suburban_and_commuter_rail_systems" title="List of suburban and commuter rail systems">List of suburban and commuter rail systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_categories_in_Europe" title="Train categories in Europe">Train categories in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="U-Bahn">U-Bahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit" title="Urban rail transit">Urban rail transit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Bahn&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de/strecken/01/">"Geschichte und Geschichten rund um die Berliner S-Bahn"</a>. <i>Stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de&rft.atitle=Geschichte+und+Geschichten+rund+um+die+Berliner+S-Bahn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de%2Fstrecken%2F01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An example of this is the <i>Køgebugt</i> or Køge-Bay railway at Copenhagen, built 1971 to 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050203185250/http://bane.dk/visArtikel.asp?artikelID=256">"Banedanmark - Dansk jernbanehistorie"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bane.dk/visArtikel.asp?artikelID=256">the original</a> on 3 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banedanmark+-+Dansk+jernbanehistorie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bane.dk%2FvisArtikel.asp%3FartikelID%3D256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-bahn-galerie.de/S_Bahn_Hamburg/Geschichte_HH.htm">"S-train tunnel at Hamburg between Central Station and Altona 1967-1979"</a>. <i>S-bahn-galerie.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S-bahn-galerie.de&rft.atitle=S-train+tunnel+at+Hamburg+between+Central+Station+and+Altona+1967-1979&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-bahn-galerie.de%2FS_Bahn_Hamburg%2FGeschichte_HH.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328235426/http://s-bahn-galerie.de/S_Bahn_Hamburg/Geschichte_HH.htm">"Geschichte der S-Bahn Hamburg - S-Bahn-Galerie.de"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-bahn-galerie.de/S_Bahn_Hamburg/Geschichte_HH.htm">the original</a> on 28 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+S-Bahn+Hamburg+-+S-Bahn-Galerie.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-bahn-galerie.de%2FS_Bahn_Hamburg%2FGeschichte_HH.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de/">"Geschichte und Geschichten rund um die Berliner S-Bahn"</a>. <i>Stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de&rft.atitle=Geschichte+und+Geschichten+rund+um+die+Berliner+S-Bahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://juris.bundespatentgericht.de/cgi-bin/rechtsprechung/document.py?Gericht=bpatg&Art=en&Datum=Aktuell&nr=23159&pos=1&anz=323&Blank=1.pdf">Beschluss Bundespatentgericht vom 14. März 2012</a>. Juris.bundespatentgericht.de, Retrieved 14 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poulsen_2009_47-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-poulsen_2009_47_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Poulsen: S-bane 1934-2009 side 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215070716/http://www.dsb.dk/globalassets/pdf/koereplaner/s-tog/2017/s-tog-30jan17.pdf">"Siden blev desværre ikke fundet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Dsb.dk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsb.dk/globalassets/pdf/koereplaner/s-tog/2017/s-tog-30jan17.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dsb.dk&rft.atitle=Siden+blev+desv%C3%A6rre+ikke+fundet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsb.dk%2Fglobalassets%2Fpdf%2Fkoereplaner%2Fs-tog%2F2017%2Fs-tog-30jan17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See picture of Berliner Stadtbahn by Hackescher Markt S-Bahn station, the third rail is clearly seen between the two S-Bahn tracks. Original name of that station was "Börse", or "the Stock Market" (which now is located in Frankfurt am Main)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oebb.at/en/regionale-angebote/vorarlberg/s-bahn-vorarlberg">"S-Bahn Vorarlberg"</a>. <i>oebb.at</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oebb.at&rft.atitle=S-Bahn+Vorarlberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oebb.at%2Fen%2Fregionale-angebote%2Fvorarlberg%2Fs-bahn-vorarlberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Hope2015" class="citation news cs1">Alan Hope (15 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flanderstoday.eu/current-affairs/nmbs-releases-details-s-train-express-network">"NMBS releases details of S-train express network"</a>. <i>Flanders Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flanders+Today&rft.atitle=NMBS+releases+details+of+S-train+express+network&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft.au=Alan+Hope&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flanderstoday.eu%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fnmbs-releases-details-s-train-express-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belgiantrain.be:443/nl/travel-info/train-offer/s-train">"S-trein: Reis eenvoudig door de stad | NMBS"</a>. <i>Belgiantrain.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belgiantrain.be&rft.atitle=S-trein%3A+Reis+eenvoudig+door+de+stad+%26%23124%3B+NMBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belgiantrain.be%3A443%2Fnl%2Ftravel-info%2Ftrain-offer%2Fs-train&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.expats.cz/prague-metro/prague-train-map/">"Prague Train Map - Prague, Czech Republic"</a>. 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prague+Train+Map+-+Prague%2C+Czech+Republic&rft.date=2014-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.expats.cz%2Fprague-metro%2Fprague-train-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.stevencanplan.com/2022/01/s-bahn-rer-and-overground/">https://www.stevencanplan.com/2022/01/s-bahn-rer-and-overground/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502222520if_/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/s-bahn-liechtenstein-to-proceed/56358.article">"S-Bahn Liechtenstein to proceed"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/s-bahn-liechtenstein-to-proceed/56358.article">the original</a> on 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S-Bahn+Liechtenstein+to+proceed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fs-bahn-liechtenstein-to-proceed%2F56358.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018140814if_/https://www.railjournal.com/infrastructure/austria-and-liechtenstein-to-finance-s-bahn-project/">Austria and Liechtenstein to finance S-Bahn project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-railwaygazette-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-railwaygazette_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-railwaygazette_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921163925if_/https://www.railwaygazette.com/voters-reject-liechtenstein-s-bahn-proposal/57265.article">"Voters reject Liechtenstein S-Bahn proposal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaygazette.com/voters-reject-liechtenstein-s-bahn-proposal/57265.article">the original</a> on 21 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voters+reject+Liechtenstein+S-Bahn+proposal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fvoters-reject-liechtenstein-s-bahn-proposal%2F57265.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ORF-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ORF_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vorarlberg.orf.at/stories/3064562/">"<i>"Nein" zum Ausbau der S-Bahn Liechtenstein</i>"</a> (in German). ORF.at. 30 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Nein%22+zum+Ausbau+der+S-Bahn+Liechtenstein&rft.pub=ORF.at&rft.date=2020-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvorarlberg.orf.at%2Fstories%2F3064562%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">htr.ch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.htr.ch/story/tourismus/einweihungsfeiern-fuer-groesste-grenzueberschreitende-s-bahn-europas-25128.html">https://www.htr.ch/story/tourismus/einweihungsfeiern-fuer-groesste-grenzueberschreitende-s-bahn-europas-25128.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2023_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf">"THURBO FahrplanNetzkarte 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/THURBO" class="mw-redirect" title="THURBO">THURBO</a>. 11 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THURBO+FahrplanNetzkarte+2023&rft.pub=THURBO&rft.date=2022-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurbo.ch%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FPDF%2F2023_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS-Bahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SBB GmbH website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sbb-deutschland.de/strecken-und-tarife/s-bahn-schaffhausen/">https://www.sbb-deutschland.de/strecken-und-tarife/s-bahn-schaffhausen/</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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href="/wiki/S-train" class="mw-redirect" title="S-train"><span style="color:white;">S-Bahnen</span></a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#018d50; color:white;;width:1%">In operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_S-Bahn" title="Berlin S-Bahn">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_S-Bahn" title="Bremen S-Bahn">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube-Iller_Regional_S-Bahn" title="Danube-Iller Regional S-Bahn">Danube-Iller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_S-Bahn" title="Dresden S-Bahn">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breisgau_S-Bahn" title="Breisgau S-Bahn">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_S-Bahn" title="Hamburg S-Bahn">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_S-Bahn" title="Hanover S-Bahn">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Stadtbahn" title="Karlsruhe Stadtbahn">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Mitteldeutschland" title="S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland">Mitteldeutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Mittelelbe" title="S-Bahn Mittelelbe">Mittelelbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_S-Bahn" title="Munich S-Bahn">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_S-Bahn" title="Nuremberg S-Bahn">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortenau_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortenau S-Bahn">Ortenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Main S-Bahn">Rhine-Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Neckar_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn">Rhine-Neckar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn">Rhine-Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock_S-Bahn" title="Rostock S-Bahn">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_S-Bahn" title="Stuttgart S-Bahn">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="S-Bahn Logo"><img alt="S-Bahn Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/S-Bahn-Logo.svg/50px-S-Bahn-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/S-Bahn-Logo.svg/75px-S-Bahn-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/S-Bahn-Logo.svg/100px-S-Bahn-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#018d50; color:white;;width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg_S-Bahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg S-Bahn (page does not exist)">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BCbeck_S-Bahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lübeck S-Bahn (page does not exist)">Lübeck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#018d50; color:white;;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt_S-Bahn" title="Erfurt S-Bahn">Erfurt</a> (1976–1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_public_transport_networks_and_systems_in_Austria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urban_public_transport_in_Austria" title="Template:Urban public transport in Austria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urban_public_transport_in_Austria" title="Template talk:Urban public transport in Austria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urban_public_transport_in_Austria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urban public transport in Austria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_public_transport_networks_and_systems_in_Austria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> networks and systems in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S-Bahn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carinthia_S-Bahn" title="Carinthia S-Bahn">Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg_S-Bahn" title="Salzburg S-Bahn">Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styria_S-Bahn" title="Styria S-Bahn">Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrol_S-Bahn" title="Tyrol S-Bahn">Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria_S-Bahn" title="Upper Austria S-Bahn">Upper Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_S-Bahn" title="Vienna S-Bahn">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg_S-Bahn" title="Vorarlberg S-Bahn">Vorarlberg</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramway_graz20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graz tram at Jakominiplatz."><img alt="Graz tram at Jakominiplatz." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tramway_graz20.jpg/80px-Tramway_graz20.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tramway_graz20.jpg/120px-Tramway_graz20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tramway_graz20.jpg/160px-Tramway_graz20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="2460" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U-Bahn</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorfbahn_Serfaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorfbahn Serfaus">Serfaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_U-Bahn" title="Vienna U-Bahn">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_town_tramway_systems_in_Austria" title="List of town tramway systems in Austria">Tram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gmunden_Tramway" title="Gmunden Tramway">Gmunden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Graz" title="Trams in Graz">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Innsbruck" title="Trams in Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Linz" title="Trams in Linz">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Vienna" title="Trams in Vienna">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_trolleybus_systems#Austria" title="List of trolleybus systems">Trolleybus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Linz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Linz (page does not exist)">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Salzburg" title="Trolleybuses in Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Gm%C3%BCnd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Gmünd (page does not exist)">Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Innsbruck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Innsbruck (page does not exist)">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Judenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Judenburg (page does not exist)">Judenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Vienna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Vienna (page does not exist)">Kalksburg – Liesing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Kapfenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Kapfenberg (page does not exist)">Kapfenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Klagenfurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Klagenfurt (page does not exist)">Klagenfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Vienna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Vienna (page does not exist)">Klosterneuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Leoben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Leoben (page does not exist)">Leoben</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Graz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Graz (page does not exist)">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolleybuses_in_Vienna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trolleybuses in Vienna (page does not exist)">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commuter_rail_systems_in_Switzerland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:S-Bahn_systems_in_Switzerland" title="Template:S-Bahn systems in Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:S-Bahn_systems_in_Switzerland" title="Template talk:S-Bahn systems in Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:S-Bahn_systems_in_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:S-Bahn systems in Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commuter_rail_systems_in_Switzerland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a> systems in Switzerland</div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SBB_RABe_514.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="RABe 514 in Zürich Löwenstrasse"><img alt="RABe 514 in Zürich Löwenstrasse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SBB_RABe_514.jpg/33px-SBB_RABe_514.jpg" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SBB_RABe_514.jpg/50px-SBB_RABe_514.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SBB_RABe_514.jpg/66px-SBB_RABe_514.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3368" data-file-height="2245" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aargau_S-Bahn" title="Aargau S-Bahn">Aargau</a></li> <li><a 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