CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Old Norse literature and culture Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="8sEbIhuw3bFGZfhFqcPcXct9lmuIe0Otcn4LhNMzq0Ydfyt1Hy6MyECZ6T39J8txFofTADg8rgkSnUTra8a22Q" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?after=50%2C3372885" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Old Norse literature and culture Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1363409c2f6920b9f6129801bf9c25a45dc9d4a3'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14023,"monthly_visitors":"102 million","monthly_visitor_count":102584291,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":102,"user_count":283364079,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740151287000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740151287000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-b42d48e01e9cb3bf5ae55ea154ab7133fe47240c1d7c59b0249065c67d6f65ab.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f3fdf92d2e211a3fd7a717a75adb7bf4af30f5d7651964d9f223129f218112cd.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Old Norse literature and culture</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">14,524 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Old Norse literature and culture</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12055747" data-work_id="12055747" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12055747/The_Deaths_of_Grettir_and_Grendel_A_New_Parallel">The Deaths of Grettir and Grendel: A New Parallel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">That by his death Grettir is treated by the saga's composer as a monster, similar to those he killed, and that this is done ironically, with echoic passages studying monstrosity throughout this latest extant version of the narrative. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12055747" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">That by his death Grettir is treated by the saga's composer as a monster, similar to those he killed, and that this is done ironically, with echoic passages studying monstrosity throughout this latest extant version of the narrative. The composer does this for complex reasons, to which I intend to return at some point in the next year or two.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12055747" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e373f0b66c6a909ea7873406fff1d47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37381244,"asset_id":12055747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37381244/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1270922" href="https://usask.academia.edu/RichardLHarris">Richard L Harris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1270922" type="text/json">{"id":1270922,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Harris","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"RichardLHarris","display_name":"Richard L Harris","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/RichardLHarris?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1270922/466814/20975638/s65_richard.harris.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12055747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12055747"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12055747, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12055747", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12055747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12055747; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12055747"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12055747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12055747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12055747; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12055747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12055747").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12055747").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12055747"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas">Icelandic Sagas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49505" type="text/json">{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12055747]'), work: {"id":12055747,"title":"The Deaths of Grettir and Grendel: A New Parallel","created_at":"2015-04-21T15:09:10.416-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12055747/The_Deaths_of_Grettir_and_Grendel_A_New_Parallel?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_12055747","summary":"That by his death Grettir is treated by the saga's composer as a monster, similar to those he killed, and that this is done ironically, with echoic passages studying monstrosity throughout this latest extant version of the narrative. The composer does this for complex reasons, to which I intend to return at some point in the next year or two.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37381244,"asset_id":12055747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1270922,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Harris","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"RichardLHarris","display_name":"Richard L Harris","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/RichardLHarris?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1270922/466814/20975638/s65_richard.harris.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":121682,"name":"Medieval Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32920624" data-work_id="32920624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32920624/_Structure_The_Routledge_Research_Companion_to_the_Medieval_Icelandic_Sagas_ed_%C3%81rmann_Jakobsson_and_Sverrir_Jakobsson_London_NY_2017_127_33">“Structure,” The Routledge Research Companion to the Medieval Icelandic Sagas, ed. Ármann Jakobsson and Sverrir Jakobsson (London/NY 2017), 127–33.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32920624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce18da4aa503a59ac8feb551cb36d3f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58716961,"asset_id":32920624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58716961/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1183037" href="https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson">Ármann Jakobsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1183037" type="text/json">{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32920624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32920624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32920624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32920624", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32920624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32920624; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32920624"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32920624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32920624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32920624; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32920624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32920624").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32920624").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32920624"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature">Comparative Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="659" type="text/json">{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="808" type="text/json">{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2081" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structuralism_Literary_Criticism_">Structuralism (Literary Criticism)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2081" type="text/json">{"id":2081,"name":"Structuralism (Literary Criticism)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structuralism_Literary_Criticism_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32920624]'), work: {"id":32920624,"title":"“Structure,” The Routledge Research Companion to the Medieval Icelandic Sagas, ed. Ármann Jakobsson and Sverrir Jakobsson (London/NY 2017), 127–33.","created_at":"2017-05-09T04:29:12.662-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32920624/_Structure_The_Routledge_Research_Companion_to_the_Medieval_Icelandic_Sagas_ed_%C3%81rmann_Jakobsson_and_Sverrir_Jakobsson_London_NY_2017_127_33?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_32920624","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58716961,"asset_id":32920624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2081,"name":"Structuralism (Literary Criticism)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structuralism_Literary_Criticism_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=70300"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":3654,"name":"Textual Scholarship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Scholarship?f_ri=70300"},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4178,"name":"Textual Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Criticism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":5513,"name":"Narratology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narratology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":11798,"name":"Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":42642,"name":"Structuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structuralism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":52408,"name":"Literary studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":62083,"name":"Textual Criticism and Editing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Criticism_and_Editing?f_ri=70300"},{"id":68570,"name":"Formalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formalism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40503917" data-work_id="40503917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40503917/Old_Norse_Skaldic_Authority_Tracing_Its_Manifestations_Lautorit%C3%A9_scaldique_en_ancien_norrois_comment_tracer_ses_manifestations_">Old Norse Skaldic Authority: Tracing Its Manifestations (L'autorité scaldique en ancien norrois:  comment tracer ses manifestations)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Snorri contributed much to the image, prestige, and authority of poets in Old Norse vernacular literature. However, he did not originate or conclude this lionization of poets and poetry in the culture, and those who came before and after... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40503917" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Snorri contributed much to the image, prestige, and authority of poets in Old Norse vernacular literature. However, he did not originate or conclude this lionization of poets and poetry in the culture, and those who came before and after him also played their parts in establishing a robust and impressive written reputation for the poets. From almost the beginning, Old Nose vernacular literature would gradually come to exalt poets and poetry in many domains. These domains would include grammar, historic factuality, prestigious origins, mythology, narrative uses, runes, and magic. To show that, this essay surveys key Old Norse works over a two hundred year period. The works considered here have been chosen because they deal with poetry and poets in a wide variety of ways, and they are notable or represent significant developments in Icelandic literature.<br /><br />Snorri à beaucoup contribué à l'image, au prestige et à l'autorité des poètes dans la littérature vernaculaire en ancien norrois. Cependant, il n'est ni l'instigateur ni le dernier chantre de cette glorification des poètes et de la poésie dans la culture, et ses prédécesseurs et successeurs jouent également un rôle dan l'établissement d'une réputation solide et impressionnante pour les poètes. Presque dés son commencement, la littérature vernaculaire en ancien Norrois exalte les poètes et la poésie dans de nombreux domaines. Ces derniers incluent la grammaire, la véracité historique, les origines prestigieuses, la mythologie, les usages narratifs, les runes et la magie. Afin de démontrer cela, cet essai passe en revue les travaux littéraires en ancien norrois sur une période de deux cent ans. Les oeuvres étudiées ici ont été choisies car elle adressent la question des poètes et de la poésie de manières variées et représentent des développements significatifs dans la littérature islandaise.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40503917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3fd2e1c9067341fd95fe7ff84afe3d9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60775466,"asset_id":40503917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60775466/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1813468" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EirikWestcoat">Eirik Westcoat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1813468" type="text/json">{"id":1813468,"first_name":"Eirik","last_name":"Westcoat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EirikWestcoat","display_name":"Eirik Westcoat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EirikWestcoat?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1813468/620922/23860644/s65_eirik.westcoat.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40503917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40503917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40503917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40503917", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40503917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40503917; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40503917"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40503917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40503917"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40503917; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40503917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40503917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40503917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40503917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_verse">Skaldic verse</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11906" type="text/json">{"id":11906,"name":"Skaldic verse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_verse?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry">Skaldic Poetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18252" type="text/json">{"id":18252,"name":"Skaldic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40503917]'), work: {"id":40503917,"title":"Old Norse Skaldic Authority: Tracing Its Manifestations (L'autorité scaldique en ancien norrois: \u2028comment tracer ses manifestations)","created_at":"2019-10-02T12:35:19.725-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40503917/Old_Norse_Skaldic_Authority_Tracing_Its_Manifestations_Lautorit%C3%A9_scaldique_en_ancien_norrois_comment_tracer_ses_manifestations_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_40503917","summary":"Snorri contributed much to the image, prestige, and authority of poets in Old Norse vernacular literature. However, he did not originate or conclude this lionization of poets and poetry in the culture, and those who came before and after him also played their parts in establishing a robust and impressive written reputation for the poets. From almost the beginning, Old Nose vernacular literature would gradually come to exalt poets and poetry in many domains. These domains would include grammar, historic factuality, prestigious origins, mythology, narrative uses, runes, and magic. To show that, this essay surveys key Old Norse works over a two hundred year period. The works considered here have been chosen because they deal with poetry and poets in a wide variety of ways, and they are notable or represent significant developments in Icelandic literature.\n\nSnorri à beaucoup contribué à l'image, au prestige et à l'autorité des poètes dans la littérature vernaculaire en ancien norrois. Cependant, il n'est ni l'instigateur ni le dernier chantre de cette glorification des poètes et de la poésie dans la culture, et ses prédécesseurs et successeurs jouent également un rôle dan l'établissement d'une réputation solide et impressionnante pour les poètes. Presque dés son commencement, la littérature vernaculaire en ancien Norrois exalte les poètes et la poésie dans de nombreux domaines. Ces derniers incluent la grammaire, la véracité historique, les origines prestigieuses, la mythologie, les usages narratifs, les runes et la magie. Afin de démontrer cela, cet essai passe en revue les travaux littéraires en ancien norrois sur une période de deux cent ans. Les oeuvres étudiées ici ont été choisies car elle adressent la question des poètes et de la poésie de manières variées et représentent des développements significatifs dans la littérature islandaise.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60775466,"asset_id":40503917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1813468,"first_name":"Eirik","last_name":"Westcoat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EirikWestcoat","display_name":"Eirik Westcoat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EirikWestcoat?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1813468/620922/23860644/s65_eirik.westcoat.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11906,"name":"Skaldic verse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_verse?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18252,"name":"Skaldic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":72502,"name":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snorri_Sturluson?f_ri=70300"},{"id":743921,"name":"Old Norse Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Poetry?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1331679,"name":"Old Norse Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":2925178,"name":"Old Norse skaldic poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_skaldic_poetry?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1489956" data-work_id="1489956" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1489956/Gogosz_R_Horse_fights_the_Brutal_Entertainemnt_of_the_Icelanders_in_the_Middle_Ages_In_%C5%9Aredniowiecze_Polski_i_Powszechne_5_9_Katowice_2014_pp_17_32">Gogosz R., Horse-fights: the Brutal Entertainemnt of the Icelanders in the Middle Ages. In "Średniowiecze Polski i Powszechne" 5 (9), Katowice 2014, pp. 17-32</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For medieval Icelanders, horses were among the most important animals. It should come as no surprise, as they were used for transport, in pagan rites (hippomancy, funerals, sacred horses), eating, and also for sports. These sports were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1489956" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For medieval Icelanders, horses were among the most important animals. It should come as no surprise, as they were used for transport, in pagan rites (hippomancy, funerals, sacred horses), eating, and also for sports. These sports were the horse-fights (hestavígs) and horse-racing (skeið). Reading the sagas, one can find a lot of references to horse-fighting. This sport was considered of such importance among medieval Icelanders that laws have been written down regarding this entertainment, yet there is no exact description of how such events were organized. Only by putting all the references together can one endeavor to explain what these horse-fights may have actually been like. In my paper I would like to present the basis for these horse-fights. Their terminology has been frequently misinterpreted, and no critical investigation yet exists into the staging and organization of such events, which would shed light on the meaning and role of this sport to medieval Icelanders. It will be shown that horse-fighting functioned not only as brutal entertainment in itself, but also played a social role in the broader context of inter-district assemblies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1489956" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69710069e23a8fbe44237547b37350bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32927066,"asset_id":1489956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32927066/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1059863" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RGogosz">Remigiusz Gogosz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1059863" type="text/json">{"id":1059863,"first_name":"Remigiusz","last_name":"Gogosz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RGogosz","display_name":"Remigiusz Gogosz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RGogosz?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1059863/412414/506283/s65_remigiusz.gogosz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1489956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1489956"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1489956, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1489956", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1489956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1489956; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1489956"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1489956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1489956"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1489956; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1489956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1489956").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1489956").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1489956"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2605" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serious_Games">Serious Games</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2605" type="text/json">{"id":2605,"name":"Serious Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serious_Games?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4216" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_History">Sports History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4216" type="text/json">{"id":4216,"name":"Sports History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia">Medieval Scandinavia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9288" type="text/json">{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1489956]'), work: {"id":1489956,"title":"Gogosz R., Horse-fights: the Brutal Entertainemnt of the Icelanders in the Middle Ages. In \"Średniowiecze Polski i Powszechne\" 5 (9), Katowice 2014, pp. 17-32","created_at":"2012-03-28T06:59:40.037-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1489956/Gogosz_R_Horse_fights_the_Brutal_Entertainemnt_of_the_Icelanders_in_the_Middle_Ages_In_%C5%9Aredniowiecze_Polski_i_Powszechne_5_9_Katowice_2014_pp_17_32?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_1489956","summary":"For medieval Icelanders, horses were among the most important animals. It should come as no surprise, as they were used for transport, in pagan rites (hippomancy, funerals, sacred horses), eating, and also for sports. These sports were the horse-fights (hestavígs) and horse-racing (skeið). Reading the sagas, one can find a lot of references to horse-fighting. This sport was considered of such importance among medieval Icelanders that laws have been written down regarding this entertainment, yet there is no exact description of how such events were organized. Only by putting all the references together can one endeavor to explain what these horse-fights may have actually been like. In my paper I would like to present the basis for these horse-fights. Their terminology has been frequently misinterpreted, and no critical investigation yet exists into the staging and organization of such events, which would shed light on the meaning and role of this sport to medieval Icelanders. It will be shown that horse-fighting functioned not only as brutal entertainment in itself, but also played a social role in the broader context of inter-district assemblies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32927066,"asset_id":1489956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1059863,"first_name":"Remigiusz","last_name":"Gogosz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RGogosz","display_name":"Remigiusz Gogosz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RGogosz?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1059863/412414/506283/s65_remigiusz.gogosz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2605,"name":"Serious Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serious_Games?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4216,"name":"Sports History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":25806,"name":"Physical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Education?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49905,"name":"Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport?f_ri=70300"},{"id":63097,"name":"Exercise Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_Science?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1222772,"name":"Religious and Magical Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Magical_Practices?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23327317" data-work_id="23327317" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23327317/Contempt_for_Byzantine_Gold_Common_Plot_Elements_in_Rus_Chronicles_and_Scandinavian_Sagas_In_Byzantium_and_the_Viking_World_Acta_Universitatis_Upsaliensis_Studia_Byzantina_Upsaliensia_16_Uppsala_2016_Pp_337_344">Contempt for Byzantine Gold: Common Plot Elements in Rus Chronicles and Scandinavian Sagas. In: Byzantium and the Viking World (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Studia Byzantina Upsaliensia 16). Uppsala, 2016 Pp. 337-344</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23327317" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e93bba9c38c2af0f9170d8f466bdfb6d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46883727,"asset_id":23327317,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46883727/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="146685" href="https://ruslang.academia.edu/FjodorUspenskij">Fjodor Uspenskij</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="146685" type="text/json">{"id":146685,"first_name":"Fjodor","last_name":"Uspenskij","domain_name":"ruslang","page_name":"FjodorUspenskij","display_name":"Fjodor Uspenskij","profile_url":"https://ruslang.academia.edu/FjodorUspenskij?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146685/38770/8776777/s65_fjodor.uspenskij.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23327317 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23327317"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23327317, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23327317", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23327317 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23327317; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23327317"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23327317 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23327317"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23327317; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23327317]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23327317").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23327317").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23327317"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23327317]'), work: {"id":23327317,"title":"Contempt for Byzantine Gold: Common Plot Elements in Rus Chronicles and Scandinavian Sagas. In: Byzantium and the Viking World (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Studia Byzantina Upsaliensia 16). Uppsala, 2016 Pp. 337-344","created_at":"2016-03-16T08:36:22.878-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23327317/Contempt_for_Byzantine_Gold_Common_Plot_Elements_in_Rus_Chronicles_and_Scandinavian_Sagas_In_Byzantium_and_the_Viking_World_Acta_Universitatis_Upsaliensis_Studia_Byzantina_Upsaliensia_16_Uppsala_2016_Pp_337_344?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_23327317","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46883727,"asset_id":23327317,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":46883671,"asset_id":23327317,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":146685,"first_name":"Fjodor","last_name":"Uspenskij","domain_name":"ruslang","page_name":"FjodorUspenskij","display_name":"Fjodor Uspenskij","profile_url":"https://ruslang.academia.edu/FjodorUspenskij?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146685/38770/8776777/s65_fjodor.uspenskij.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4957,"name":"Gift Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gift_Exchange?f_ri=70300"},{"id":8391,"name":"Diplomatics (Medieval)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatics_Medieval_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18251,"name":"Kings´ Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kings_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":99015,"name":"Medieval Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Norway?f_ri=70300"},{"id":117645,"name":"Medieval Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Diplomacy?f_ri=70300"},{"id":140295,"name":"Medieval Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Russia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":230793,"name":"Old Russian Chronicles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Russian_Chronicles?f_ri=70300"},{"id":230794,"name":"A Tale of Bygone Years","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/A_Tale_of_Bygone_Years?f_ri=70300"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":310720,"name":"Vikings in the East, Varangians, Old Rus'","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_East_Varangians_Old_Rus?f_ri=70300"},{"id":342749,"name":"Rurikids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rurikids?f_ri=70300"},{"id":347979,"name":"Rurikids Dynasty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rurikids_Dynasty?f_ri=70300"},{"id":398870,"name":"Varangians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Varangians?f_ri=70300"},{"id":524509,"name":"Protocol and etiquette","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protocol_and_etiquette?f_ri=70300"},{"id":614226,"name":"Russian Primary Chronicle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Primary_Chronicle?f_ri=70300"},{"id":650431,"name":"Morkinskinna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morkinskinna?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1164044,"name":"Svyatoslav Igorevich","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Svyatoslav_Igorevich?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1231095,"name":"Medieval Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Russian_History?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44191237" data-work_id="44191237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44191237/Margins_Monsters_Deviants_Alterities_in_Old_Norse_Literature_and_Culture">Margins, Monsters, Deviants: Alterities in Old Norse Literature and Culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This anthology explores depictions of alterity, monstrosity and deviation in medieval Icelandic literature, Scandinavian history, and beyond. The authors explore issues of identity, genre, character and text and the interplay between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44191237" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This anthology explores depictions of alterity, monstrosity and deviation in medieval Icelandic literature, Scandinavian history, and beyond. The authors explore issues of identity, genre, character and text and the interplay between them, challenging long-held perceptions about the lack of ambiguity in Old Norse literature and culture.<br /><br />Medieval Icelandic literature has often been reduced to the supposedly realist Íslendingasögur and their main protagonists at the expense of other genres and characters. Indeed, such a focus obscures and erases the importance of those beings and narratives that move on the margins of mainstream culture — whether socially, ethnically, ontologically, or textually. This volume aims to offer a new perspective on a variety of theoretical and comparative approaches to explore depictions of alterity, monstrosity, and deviation. Engaging with the interplay of genre, character, text, and culture, and exploring questions of behavioural, socio-cultural, and textual alterity, these contributions examine subjects ranging from the study of fragmented and ‘Othered’ saga narratives, to attitudes towards foreign people and lands, and alterities in mythological and legendary texts. Together the papers effectively challenge long-held perceptions about the lack of ambiguity in medieval Icelandic literature, and offer a far more nuanced understanding of the importance of the ‘Other’ in that society.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503585864-1" rel="nofollow">http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503585864-1</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44191237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e404e8c981198692ca9dd62848a7a618" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64552785,"asset_id":44191237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64552785/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1736113" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/RebeccaMerkelbach">Rebecca Merkelbach</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1736113" type="text/json">{"id":1736113,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Merkelbach","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"RebeccaMerkelbach","display_name":"Rebecca Merkelbach","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/RebeccaMerkelbach?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1736113/597482/115551029/s65_rebecca.merkelbach.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44191237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44191237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44191237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44191237", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44191237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44191237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44191237"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44191237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44191237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44191237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44191237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44191237").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44191237").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44191237"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10022" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paranormal">Paranormal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10022" type="text/json">{"id":10022,"name":"Paranormal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paranormal?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature">Medieval Icelandic Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35636" type="text/json">{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas">Icelandic Sagas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49505" type="text/json">{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44191237]'), work: {"id":44191237,"title":"Margins, Monsters, Deviants: Alterities in Old Norse Literature and Culture","created_at":"2020-09-29T06:47:33.234-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44191237/Margins_Monsters_Deviants_Alterities_in_Old_Norse_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_44191237","summary":"This anthology explores depictions of alterity, monstrosity and deviation in medieval Icelandic literature, Scandinavian history, and beyond. The authors explore issues of identity, genre, character and text and the interplay between them, challenging long-held perceptions about the lack of ambiguity in Old Norse literature and culture.\n\nMedieval Icelandic literature has often been reduced to the supposedly realist Íslendingasögur and their main protagonists at the expense of other genres and characters. Indeed, such a focus obscures and erases the importance of those beings and narratives that move on the margins of mainstream culture — whether socially, ethnically, ontologically, or textually. This volume aims to offer a new perspective on a variety of theoretical and comparative approaches to explore depictions of alterity, monstrosity, and deviation. Engaging with the interplay of genre, character, text, and culture, and exploring questions of behavioural, socio-cultural, and textual alterity, these contributions examine subjects ranging from the study of fragmented and ‘Othered’ saga narratives, to attitudes towards foreign people and lands, and alterities in mythological and legendary texts. Together the papers effectively challenge long-held perceptions about the lack of ambiguity in medieval Icelandic literature, and offer a far more nuanced understanding of the importance of the ‘Other’ in that society.\n\nhttp://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503585864-1","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64552785,"asset_id":44191237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1736113,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Merkelbach","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"RebeccaMerkelbach","display_name":"Rebecca Merkelbach","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/RebeccaMerkelbach?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1736113/597482/115551029/s65_rebecca.merkelbach.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":10022,"name":"Paranormal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paranormal?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":77969,"name":"Identity and Alterity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_and_Alterity?f_ri=70300"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35623404" data-work_id="35623404" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35623404/_He_has_long_forfeited_all_kinship_ties_Monstrosity_Familial_Disruption_and_the_Cultural_Relevance_of_the_Outlaw_Sagas">"He has long forfeited all kinship ties": Monstrosity, Familial Disruption, and the Cultural Relevance of the Outlaw Sagas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The three Íslendingasögur about major outlaws have long fascinated scholars and readers alike, and the question why medieval Icelanders told tales in which social outsiders play the part of the hero has been the concern of scholarship for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35623404" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The three Íslendingasögur about major outlaws have long fascinated scholars and readers alike, and the question why medieval Icelanders told tales in which social outsiders play the part of the hero has been the concern of scholarship for a number of years. At the heart of this scholarship has been a preoccupation with the characters and their families, for these families play a prominent role in the texts: Gísli is outlawed for killing one brother-in-law to avenge another; Hörðr does not trust any of his male relatives, and this eventually leads to his downfall; and Grettir's difficult relationship with his father seems to lead to his reckless and arrogant behaviour later in life. But why are these stories about outlaw heroes so focussed on the relationships between the individual and his kin group? And why were Icelanders – medieval and modern – so fascinated by these marginal, destructive figures?<br />In this article these questions are addressed by approaching the outlaw from the perspective of monster theory. The monster, as a creature that points towards or even embodies meaning beyond itself, lends itself well to such an investigation into social and cultural concerns whose reflection we might see in the literary products of said culture. So far, outlaws have not been included into the corpus of Íslendingasögur monsters, and therefore, the article consists of four parts. First, the concept of social monstrosity is established, based on Cohen’s monster theory but more suited to the unique situation in the Íslendingasögur. This concept is then applied to the three major outlaws before turning to the discussion of outlaws within their matrix of family ties. In the final step, the monstrous outlaw in his disrupted, disruptive family will be read as symptomatic of medieval Icelandic socio-cultural concerns about the fragmentation of family structures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35623404" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="370d8c4e31e30aeab2e397009353e126" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55491694,"asset_id":35623404,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55491694/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1736113" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/RebeccaMerkelbach">Rebecca Merkelbach</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1736113" type="text/json">{"id":1736113,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Merkelbach","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"RebeccaMerkelbach","display_name":"Rebecca Merkelbach","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/RebeccaMerkelbach?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1736113/597482/115551029/s65_rebecca.merkelbach.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35623404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35623404"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35623404, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35623404", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35623404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35623404; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35623404"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35623404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35623404"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35623404; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35623404]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35623404").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35623404").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35623404"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6574" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family">Family</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6574" type="text/json">{"id":6574,"name":"Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35623404]'), work: {"id":35623404,"title":"\"He has long forfeited all kinship ties\": Monstrosity, Familial Disruption, and the Cultural Relevance of the Outlaw Sagas","created_at":"2018-01-09T10:49:06.261-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35623404/_He_has_long_forfeited_all_kinship_ties_Monstrosity_Familial_Disruption_and_the_Cultural_Relevance_of_the_Outlaw_Sagas?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_35623404","summary":"The three Íslendingasögur about major outlaws have long fascinated scholars and readers alike, and the question why medieval Icelanders told tales in which social outsiders play the part of the hero has been the concern of scholarship for a number of years. At the heart of this scholarship has been a preoccupation with the characters and their families, for these families play a prominent role in the texts: Gísli is outlawed for killing one brother-in-law to avenge another; Hörðr does not trust any of his male relatives, and this eventually leads to his downfall; and Grettir's difficult relationship with his father seems to lead to his reckless and arrogant behaviour later in life. But why are these stories about outlaw heroes so focussed on the relationships between the individual and his kin group? And why were Icelanders – medieval and modern – so fascinated by these marginal, destructive figures?\nIn this article these questions are addressed by approaching the outlaw from the perspective of monster theory. The monster, as a creature that points towards or even embodies meaning beyond itself, lends itself well to such an investigation into social and cultural concerns whose reflection we might see in the literary products of said culture. So far, outlaws have not been included into the corpus of Íslendingasögur monsters, and therefore, the article consists of four parts. First, the concept of social monstrosity is established, based on Cohen’s monster theory but more suited to the unique situation in the Íslendingasögur. This concept is then applied to the three major outlaws before turning to the discussion of outlaws within their matrix of family ties. In the final step, the monstrous outlaw in his disrupted, disruptive family will be read as symptomatic of medieval Icelandic socio-cultural concerns about the fragmentation of family structures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55491694,"asset_id":35623404,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1736113,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Merkelbach","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"RebeccaMerkelbach","display_name":"Rebecca Merkelbach","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/RebeccaMerkelbach?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1736113/597482/115551029/s65_rebecca.merkelbach.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":6574,"name":"Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":7521,"name":"Monster Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monster_Theory?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":29002,"name":"Monsters and Monster Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monsters_and_Monster_Theory?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":354782,"name":"Monsters and the Monstrous","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monsters_and_the_Monstrous?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35152097" data-work_id="35152097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35152097/%C3%93%C3%B0inn_Charms_and_Necromancy_H%C3%A1vam%C3%A1l_157_in_its_Nordic_and_European_Contexts">Óðinn, Charms and Necromancy: Hávamál 157 in its Nordic and European Contexts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mitchell, Stephen A. 2017. "Óðinn, Charms and Necromancy: Hávamál 157 in its Nordic and European Contexts." In Old Norse Mythology—Comparative Perspectives. Ed. Pernille Hermann, Stephen A. Mitchell and Jens Peter Schjødt. Publications of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35152097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mitchell, Stephen A. 2017. "Óðinn, Charms and Necromancy: Hávamál 157 in its Nordic and European Contexts." In Old Norse Mythology—Comparative Perspectives. Ed. Pernille Hermann, Stephen A. Mitchell and Jens Peter Schjødt. Publications of the Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature,    3. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Pp. 289-321.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35152097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39452bcaf47252ba4ddda00595086229" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55945251,"asset_id":35152097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55945251/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1219280" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell">Stephen Mitchell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1219280" type="text/json">{"id":1219280,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Mitchell","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"StephenMitchell","display_name":"Stephen Mitchell","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1219280/440400/546996/s65_stephen.mitchell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35152097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35152097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35152097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35152097", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35152097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35152097; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35152097"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35152097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35152097"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35152097; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35152097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35152097").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35152097").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35152097"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints_Cults">Saints' Cults</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7256" type="text/json">{"id":7256,"name":"Saints' Cults","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints_Cults?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Army">Roman Army</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21324" type="text/json">{"id":21324,"name":"Roman Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Army?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35986" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tacitus">Tacitus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35986" type="text/json">{"id":35986,"name":"Tacitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tacitus?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35152097]'), work: {"id":35152097,"title":"Óðinn, Charms and Necromancy: Hávamál 157 in its Nordic and European Contexts","created_at":"2017-11-15T04:09:47.870-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35152097/%C3%93%C3%B0inn_Charms_and_Necromancy_H%C3%A1vam%C3%A1l_157_in_its_Nordic_and_European_Contexts?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_35152097","summary":"Mitchell, Stephen A. 2017. \"Óðinn, Charms and Necromancy: Hávamál 157 in its Nordic and European Contexts.\" In Old Norse Mythology—Comparative Perspectives. Ed. Pernille Hermann, Stephen A. Mitchell and Jens Peter Schjødt. Publications of the Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature, 3. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Pp. 289-321.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55945251,"asset_id":35152097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1219280,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Mitchell","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"StephenMitchell","display_name":"Stephen Mitchell","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1219280/440400/546996/s65_stephen.mitchell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7256,"name":"Saints' Cults","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints_Cults?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":21324,"name":"Roman Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Army?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":35986,"name":"Tacitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tacitus?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37894787" data-work_id="37894787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37894787/A_Maraschi_Eaten_hearts_and_supernatural_knowledge_in_Eir%C3%ADks_saga_rau%C3%B0a_Scandia_Journal_of_Medieval_Norse_Studies_1_2018_25_47">A. Maraschi, "Eaten hearts and supernatural knowledge in Eiríks saga rauða", Scandia: Journal of Medieval Norse Studies 1 (2018): 25-47.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chapter 4 of Eiríks saga rauða has long drawn the attention of scholars due to its detailed description of a seiðr, a rare occurrence in Íslendinga sǫgur as well as in sagas of other genres. The protagonist of the scene, a Greenlandic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37894787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chapter 4 of Eiríks saga rauða has long drawn the attention of scholars due to its detailed description of a seiðr, a rare occurrence in Íslendinga sǫgur as well as in sagas of other genres. The protagonist of the scene, a Greenlandic seiðkona named Þorbjǫrg, is depicted as a social functionary who creates a relationship with the supernatural world and acquires a deeper knowledge and foreknowledge concerning the surrounding area, for the benefit of the local community. The performance takes place during a great famine at the beginning of the eleventh century, and the semi-public ritual had the purpose of predicting when the dearth would come to an end. It consisted – among other things-of a ritual meal: a porridge of kid's milk and of the cooked hearts of all the living creatures that inhabited the area. The present paper aims at casting light on this specific aspect of Þorbjǫrg's seiðr, and at contextualizing it within a wider literary and historical landscape. The intention is to integrate traditional interpretations with observations on the importance of sympathetic magic in ancient and medieval Europe, and particularly in medieval Scandinavia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37894787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="010ec9d304e13fa35355843fa0e958e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57903860,"asset_id":37894787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57903860/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3332693" href="https://unipegaso.academia.edu/AndreaMaraschi">Andrea Maraschi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3332693" type="text/json">{"id":3332693,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Maraschi","domain_name":"unipegaso","page_name":"AndreaMaraschi","display_name":"Andrea Maraschi","profile_url":"https://unipegaso.academia.edu/AndreaMaraschi?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3332693/1416067/151703334/s65_andrea.maraschi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37894787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37894787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37894787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37894787", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37894787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37894787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37894787"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37894787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37894787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37894787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37894787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37894787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37894787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37894787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37894787]'), work: {"id":37894787,"title":"A. Maraschi, \"Eaten hearts and supernatural knowledge in Eiríks saga rauða\", Scandia: Journal of Medieval Norse Studies 1 (2018): 25-47.","created_at":"2018-12-02T05:48:01.551-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37894787/A_Maraschi_Eaten_hearts_and_supernatural_knowledge_in_Eir%C3%ADks_saga_rau%C3%B0a_Scandia_Journal_of_Medieval_Norse_Studies_1_2018_25_47?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_37894787","summary":"Chapter 4 of Eiríks saga rauða has long drawn the attention of scholars due to its detailed description of a seiðr, a rare occurrence in Íslendinga sǫgur as well as in sagas of other genres. The protagonist of the scene, a Greenlandic seiðkona named Þorbjǫrg, is depicted as a social functionary who creates a relationship with the supernatural world and acquires a deeper knowledge and foreknowledge concerning the surrounding area, for the benefit of the local community. The performance takes place during a great famine at the beginning of the eleventh century, and the semi-public ritual had the purpose of predicting when the dearth would come to an end. It consisted – among other things-of a ritual meal: a porridge of kid's milk and of the cooked hearts of all the living creatures that inhabited the area. The present paper aims at casting light on this specific aspect of Þorbjǫrg's seiðr, and at contextualizing it within a wider literary and historical landscape. The intention is to integrate traditional interpretations with observations on the importance of sympathetic magic in ancient and medieval Europe, and particularly in medieval Scandinavia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57903860,"asset_id":37894787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3332693,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Maraschi","domain_name":"unipegaso","page_name":"AndreaMaraschi","display_name":"Andrea Maraschi","profile_url":"https://unipegaso.academia.edu/AndreaMaraschi?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3332693/1416067/151703334/s65_andrea.maraschi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":6858,"name":"Food History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History?f_ri=70300"},{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History?f_ri=70300"},{"id":12374,"name":"History Of Food Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Food_Consumption?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39462,"name":"Medieval Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Magic?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":53936,"name":"History of Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Food?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":133732,"name":"Medieval Icelandic society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_society?f_ri=70300"},{"id":181064,"name":"Medieval history, Icelandic sagas, social theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_history_Icelandic_sagas_social_theory?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1222772,"name":"Religious and Magical Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Magical_Practices?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14166251" data-work_id="14166251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14166251/Icelandic_Magic_Symbols_galdrastafir_and_Spell_Books_galdrab%C3%A6kur_An_Annotated_English_Translation">Icelandic Magic Symbols (galdrastafir) and Spell Books (galdrabækur) - An Annotated English Translation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This unfunded translation of the 1903 treatise by Ólafur Davíðsson, written and published in the German annual journal: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde under the title “Isländische Zauberzeichen und Zauberbücher”. This important... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14166251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This unfunded translation of the 1903 treatise by Ólafur Davíðsson, written and published in the German annual journal: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde under the title “Isländische Zauberzeichen und Zauberbücher”.  <br /><br />This important work follows on from Jón Árnason’s Íslenzkar þjóðsögur og æfintýri, discussing this significant aspect of Icelandic culture most prominent in the 17th century. <br /><br />Many months in the making, mostly checking through original source material in antiquarian Icelandic manuscripts and publications, it is provided free here. However financial contributions towards this and future research can be made on my website <a href="http://users.on.net/~starbase/galdrastafir/galdrastafir.htm" rel="nofollow">http://users.on.net/~starbase/galdrastafir/galdrastafir.htm</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14166251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a5985a150599ace06c029fee1478423" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38221328,"asset_id":14166251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38221328/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8984238" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FosterJustin">Justin Foster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8984238" type="text/json">{"id":8984238,"first_name":"Justin","last_name":"Foster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FosterJustin","display_name":"Justin Foster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FosterJustin?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8984238/2931366/17798951/s65_justin.foster.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14166251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14166251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14166251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14166251", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14166251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14166251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14166251"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14166251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14166251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14166251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14166251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14166251").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14166251").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14166251"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5408" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic">Magic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5408" type="text/json">{"id":5408,"name":"Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology">Runology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11907" type="text/json">{"id":11907,"name":"Runology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22937" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediaeval_Icelandic_History">Mediaeval Icelandic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22937" type="text/json">{"id":22937,"name":"Mediaeval Icelandic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediaeval_Icelandic_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24185" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Religion_and_Magic">Witchcraft, Religion and Magic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24185" type="text/json">{"id":24185,"name":"Witchcraft, Religion and Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Religion_and_Magic?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14166251]'), work: {"id":14166251,"title":"Icelandic Magic Symbols (galdrastafir) and Spell Books (galdrabækur) - An Annotated English Translation","created_at":"2015-07-17T21:17:26.530-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14166251/Icelandic_Magic_Symbols_galdrastafir_and_Spell_Books_galdrab%C3%A6kur_An_Annotated_English_Translation?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_14166251","summary":"This unfunded translation of the 1903 treatise by Ólafur Davíðsson, written and published in the German annual journal: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde under the title “Isländische Zauberzeichen und Zauberbücher”. \n\nThis important work follows on from Jón Árnason’s Íslenzkar þjóðsögur og æfintýri, discussing this significant aspect of Icelandic culture most prominent in the 17th century. \n\nMany months in the making, mostly checking through original source material in antiquarian Icelandic manuscripts and publications, it is provided free here. However financial contributions towards this and future research can be made on my website http://users.on.net/~starbase/galdrastafir/galdrastafir.htm","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38221328,"asset_id":14166251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8984238,"first_name":"Justin","last_name":"Foster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FosterJustin","display_name":"Justin Foster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FosterJustin?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8984238/2931366/17798951/s65_justin.foster.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5408,"name":"Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11907,"name":"Runology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":22937,"name":"Mediaeval Icelandic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediaeval_Icelandic_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":24185,"name":"Witchcraft, Religion and Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Religion_and_Magic?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":156849,"name":"Magic, Witchcraft and Paganism in Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic_Witchcraft_and_Paganism_in_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":707445,"name":"Norse Gods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_Gods?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71037908" data-work_id="71037908" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71037908/Folklore_and_Old_Norse_Mythology_ed_Frog_and_Joonas_Ahola_">Folklore and Old Norse Mythology (ed. Frog & Joonas Ahola)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present volume responds to the rising boom of interest in folklore and folklore research in the study of Old Norse mythology. The twenty-two authors of this volume reveal the dynamism of this lively dialogue, which is characterized by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71037908" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present volume responds to the rising boom of interest in folklore and folklore research in the study of Old Norse mythology. The twenty-two authors of this volume reveal the dynamism of this lively dialogue, which is characterized by a diversity of perspectives linking to different fields and national scholarships.<br /><br />The chapters open with a general overview of how the concepts of “folklore” and “mythology” have been understood and related across the history of Old Norse studies, which is followed by a group of chapters that discuss and present different approaches and types of source materials, with methodological and theoretical concerns. The interest in folklore is bound up with interests in practice and lived religion, which are brought into focus in a series of chapters relating to magic and ritual. Attention then turns to images that link to mythology and different mythic agents in studies that explore a variety of usage in meaning-making in different forms of cultural expression. The next group of studies spotlights motifs, with perspectives on synchronic usage across genres and different media, cross-cultural exchange, and long-term continuities. The volume culminates in discussions of complex stories, variously in oral traditions behind medieval sources and relationships between accounts found in medieval sources and those recorded from more recent traditions.<br /><br />Individually, the chapters variously offer reflexive and historical research criticism, new research frameworks, illustrative studies, and exploratory investigations. Collectively, they illustrate the rapidly evolving multidisciplinary discussion at the intersections of folklore and Old Norse mythology, where the transformative impacts were recently described as a paradigm shift. They open new paths for scholarly discussion with the potential to inspire future research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71037908" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1fc8d4ff844485e310e6da1684262da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80548968,"asset_id":71037908,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80548968/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4502198" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog">Mr Frog</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4502198" type="text/json">{"id":4502198,"first_name":"Mr","last_name":"Frog","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"MrFrog","display_name":"Mr Frog","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4502198/1868426/2218707/s65_mr.frog.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71037908 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71037908"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71037908, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71037908", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71037908 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71037908; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71037908"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71037908 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71037908"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71037908; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71037908]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71037908").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71037908").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71037908"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology">Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97" type="text/json">{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71037908]'), work: {"id":71037908,"title":"Folklore and Old Norse Mythology (ed. Frog \u0026 Joonas Ahola)","created_at":"2022-02-09T21:56:46.827-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71037908/Folklore_and_Old_Norse_Mythology_ed_Frog_and_Joonas_Ahola_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_71037908","summary":"The present volume responds to the rising boom of interest in folklore and folklore research in the study of Old Norse mythology. The twenty-two authors of this volume reveal the dynamism of this lively dialogue, which is characterized by a diversity of perspectives linking to different fields and national scholarships.\n\nThe chapters open with a general overview of how the concepts of “folklore” and “mythology” have been understood and related across the history of Old Norse studies, which is followed by a group of chapters that discuss and present different approaches and types of source materials, with methodological and theoretical concerns. The interest in folklore is bound up with interests in practice and lived religion, which are brought into focus in a series of chapters relating to magic and ritual. Attention then turns to images that link to mythology and different mythic agents in studies that explore a variety of usage in meaning-making in different forms of cultural expression. The next group of studies spotlights motifs, with perspectives on synchronic usage across genres and different media, cross-cultural exchange, and long-term continuities. The volume culminates in discussions of complex stories, variously in oral traditions behind medieval sources and relationships between accounts found in medieval sources and those recorded from more recent traditions.\n\nIndividually, the chapters variously offer reflexive and historical research criticism, new research frameworks, illustrative studies, and exploratory investigations. Collectively, they illustrate the rapidly evolving multidisciplinary discussion at the intersections of folklore and Old Norse mythology, where the transformative impacts were recently described as a paradigm shift. They open new paths for scholarly discussion with the potential to inspire future research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80548968,"asset_id":71037908,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4502198,"first_name":"Mr","last_name":"Frog","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"MrFrog","display_name":"Mr Frog","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4502198/1868426/2218707/s65_mr.frog.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":787,"name":"Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore?f_ri=70300"},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":10336,"name":"Ethnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":11908,"name":"Old Norse Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Language?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":47420,"name":"Scandinavian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Archaeology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=70300"},{"id":740628,"name":"Scandinavian Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Mythology?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46192871" data-work_id="46192871" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46192871/The_Grettis_Saga_through_Time_and_Space_An_Exploration_of_Topics_in_Old_Norse_Sagas">The Grettis Saga through Time and Space: An Exploration of Topics in Old Norse Sagas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper provides a brief summary of the Old Norse Grettis Saga and examines it in terms of research aspects outside of the field of literary studies. It highlights the historical, cultural, social, and religious contexts of the work,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_46192871" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper provides a brief summary of the Old Norse Grettis Saga and examines it in terms of research aspects outside of the field of literary studies. It highlights the historical, cultural, social, and religious contexts of the work, giving explanation as to where indications of them can be found in the saga. At the same time it tries to explain some of the more obscure aspects, such as the supernatural elements, in order to give clarity to the method of interpretation. Vital information on the grouping of Old Norse sagas, as well as the importance of ancestry in the texts, are provided and elaborated. Definitions of key terms essential to understand the source material are provided and kept on a level clear to a reader not fluent in the topic. Categorizations of the mentioned saga genre are also provided, with the hope to spark interest in the vast variety of motifs and key aspects of the Old Norse sagas. Further suggestions for research outside of the field are presented; however, they are not taken up completely. The paper shows the Old Norse sagas as potent, yet often overlooked, literary works worthy of attention as possible research material in the field of humanities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46192871" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc00b2970dad60fb4a705a3301093a13" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66218471,"asset_id":46192871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66218471/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115406343" href="https://silesian.academia.edu/NelaLasota">Kornelia Lasota</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115406343" type="text/json">{"id":115406343,"first_name":"Kornelia","last_name":"Lasota","domain_name":"silesian","page_name":"NelaLasota","display_name":"Kornelia Lasota","profile_url":"https://silesian.academia.edu/NelaLasota?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/115406343/30448211/28215443/s65_nela.lasota.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46192871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46192871"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46192871, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46192871", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_46192871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46192871; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_46192871"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_46192871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="46192871"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46192871; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46192871]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46192871").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46192871").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46192871"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature">Medieval Icelandic Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35636" type="text/json">{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas">Icelandic Sagas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49505" type="text/json">{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46192871]'), work: {"id":46192871,"title":"The Grettis Saga through Time and Space: An Exploration of Topics in Old Norse Sagas","created_at":"2021-04-09T04:32:18.135-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46192871/The_Grettis_Saga_through_Time_and_Space_An_Exploration_of_Topics_in_Old_Norse_Sagas?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_46192871","summary":"The paper provides a brief summary of the Old Norse Grettis Saga and examines it in terms of research aspects outside of the field of literary studies. It highlights the historical, cultural, social, and religious contexts of the work, giving explanation as to where indications of them can be found in the saga. At the same time it tries to explain some of the more obscure aspects, such as the supernatural elements, in order to give clarity to the method of interpretation. Vital information on the grouping of Old Norse sagas, as well as the importance of ancestry in the texts, are provided and elaborated. Definitions of key terms essential to understand the source material are provided and kept on a level clear to a reader not fluent in the topic. Categorizations of the mentioned saga genre are also provided, with the hope to spark interest in the vast variety of motifs and key aspects of the Old Norse sagas. Further suggestions for research outside of the field are presented; however, they are not taken up completely. The paper shows the Old Norse sagas as potent, yet often overlooked, literary works worthy of attention as possible research material in the field of humanities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66218471,"asset_id":46192871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":115406343,"first_name":"Kornelia","last_name":"Lasota","domain_name":"silesian","page_name":"NelaLasota","display_name":"Kornelia Lasota","profile_url":"https://silesian.academia.edu/NelaLasota?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/115406343/30448211/28215443/s65_nela.lasota.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":151031,"name":"The reception of Old Norse Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_reception_of_Old_Norse_Myth?f_ri=70300"},{"id":180364,"name":"Íslendingasögur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur?f_ri=70300"},{"id":238450,"name":"Grettis saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grettis_saga?f_ri=70300"},{"id":603175,"name":"Grettir's Saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grettirs_Saga?f_ri=70300"},{"id":804661,"name":"Outlaw Heroes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outlaw_Heroes?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4659347" data-work_id="4659347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4659347/The_Werewolf_in_Medieval_Icelandic_Literature">The Werewolf in Medieval Icelandic Literature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4659347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="25de5e255772db6b24a8baf045caacea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32002629,"asset_id":4659347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32002629/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5906255" href="https://hi.academia.edu/A%C3%B0alhei%C3%B0urGu%C3%B0mundsd%C3%B3ttir">Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5906255" type="text/json">{"id":5906255,"first_name":"Aðalheiður","last_name":"Guðmundsdóttir","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"AðalheiðurGuðmundsdóttir","display_name":"Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/A%C3%B0alhei%C3%B0urGu%C3%B0mundsd%C3%B3ttir?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5906255/2521193/32284341/s65_a_alhei_ur.gu_mundsd_ttir.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4659347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4659347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4659347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4659347", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4659347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4659347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4659347"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4659347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4659347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4659347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4659347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4659347").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4659347").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4659347"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3283" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval">Medieval</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3283" type="text/json">{"id":3283,"name":"Medieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4659347]'), work: {"id":4659347,"title":"The Werewolf in Medieval Icelandic Literature","created_at":"2013-10-02T20:05:57.378-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4659347/The_Werewolf_in_Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_4659347","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32002629,"asset_id":4659347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5906255,"first_name":"Aðalheiður","last_name":"Guðmundsdóttir","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"AðalheiðurGuðmundsdóttir","display_name":"Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/A%C3%B0alhei%C3%B0urGu%C3%B0mundsd%C3%B3ttir?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5906255/2521193/32284341/s65_a_alhei_ur.gu_mundsd_ttir.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":3283,"name":"Medieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39462,"name":"Medieval Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Magic?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":103009,"name":"Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":163914,"name":"Werewolves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Werewolves?f_ri=70300"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":273472,"name":"Old Norse heroic saga and eddaic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_heroic_saga_and_eddaic_literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":957240,"name":"Old Nordic/Germanic Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Nordic_Germanic_Religions?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1002719,"name":"Shape Shifters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shape_Shifters?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1222772,"name":"Religious and Magical Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Magical_Practices?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13008560" data-work_id="13008560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13008560/Huld_Manuscript_of_Galdrastafir_Witchcraft_Magic_Symbols_and_Runes_English_Translation">Huld Manuscript of Galdrastafir Witchcraft Magic Symbols and Runes - English Translation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Icelandic manuscript called “Huld”, meaning secrecy, was made by Geir Vigfússon in 1860. It features a collection of runic alphabets in the first half and a small set of 30 "galdrastafir", magic symbols and sigils, in the second.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13008560" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Icelandic manuscript called “Huld”, meaning secrecy, was made by Geir Vigfússon in 1860.  It features a collection of runic alphabets in the first half and a small set of 30 "galdrastafir", magic symbols and sigils, in the second.<br /><br />This presentation focuses only on the second and aims to provide a more complete and accurate English translation of the Icelandic text and secret codes, and which hopefully will be a platform from which further exploration can be embarked.<br /><br />This is the original version. I have since added a few notes and a couple of corrections. That can be purchased for a very modest price on my website <a href="http://users.on.net/~starbase/galdrastafir/galdrastafir.htm" rel="nofollow">http://users.on.net/~starbase/galdrastafir/galdrastafir.htm</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13008560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7169307e09418f4465e0765ef30afb0f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49561996,"asset_id":13008560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49561996/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8984238" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FosterJustin">Justin Foster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8984238" type="text/json">{"id":8984238,"first_name":"Justin","last_name":"Foster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FosterJustin","display_name":"Justin Foster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FosterJustin?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8984238/2931366/17798951/s65_justin.foster.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13008560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13008560"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13008560, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13008560", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13008560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13008560; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13008560"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13008560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13008560"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13008560; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13008560]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13008560").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13008560").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13008560"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology">Runology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11907" type="text/json">{"id":11907,"name":"Runology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17508" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Magic_">Witchcraft (Magic)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17508" type="text/json">{"id":17508,"name":"Witchcraft (Magic)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Magic_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22937" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediaeval_Icelandic_History">Mediaeval Icelandic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22937" type="text/json">{"id":22937,"name":"Mediaeval Icelandic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediaeval_Icelandic_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39954" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion">Old Norse Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39954" type="text/json">{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13008560]'), work: {"id":13008560,"title":"Huld Manuscript of Galdrastafir Witchcraft Magic Symbols and Runes - English Translation","created_at":"2015-06-15T20:39:17.104-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13008560/Huld_Manuscript_of_Galdrastafir_Witchcraft_Magic_Symbols_and_Runes_English_Translation?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_13008560","summary":"The Icelandic manuscript called “Huld”, meaning secrecy, was made by Geir Vigfússon in 1860. It features a collection of runic alphabets in the first half and a small set of 30 \"galdrastafir\", magic symbols and sigils, in the second.\n\nThis presentation focuses only on the second and aims to provide a more complete and accurate English translation of the Icelandic text and secret codes, and which hopefully will be a platform from which further exploration can be embarked.\n\nThis is the original version. I have since added a few notes and a couple of corrections. That can be purchased for a very modest price on my website http://users.on.net/~starbase/galdrastafir/galdrastafir.htm","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49561996,"asset_id":13008560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8984238,"first_name":"Justin","last_name":"Foster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FosterJustin","display_name":"Justin Foster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FosterJustin?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8984238/2931366/17798951/s65_justin.foster.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11907,"name":"Runology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":17508,"name":"Witchcraft (Magic)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Magic_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":22937,"name":"Mediaeval Icelandic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediaeval_Icelandic_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":156849,"name":"Magic, Witchcraft and Paganism in Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic_Witchcraft_and_Paganism_in_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":567409,"name":"Old Iceland Manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Iceland_Manuscripts?f_ri=70300"},{"id":707445,"name":"Norse Gods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_Gods?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24771489" data-work_id="24771489" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/24771489/The_Similarity_of_Bone_Skates_and_Skis">The Similarity of Bone Skates and Skis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the age of the sagas, two technologies for winter travel were available: skis and bone skates. While skis are clearly referred to in Old Norse literature, references to bone ice-skates are rare. This conflicts with the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24771489" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the age of the sagas, two technologies for winter travel were available: skis and bone skates. While skis are clearly referred to in Old Norse literature, references to bone ice-skates are rare. This conflicts with the archaeological evidence, which shows that both technologies were in use. An analysis of the relevant texts, focusing on the boasting contest in Magnússona saga, leads to the conclusion that bone skates were considered close relatives of skis. This is supported by two additional similarities between the two: the use of a single pole and the similar gliding motions of skaters and skiers. Both motions can be described using skríða, the function of which is analysed. This helps to explain why references to bone skates are rare in Old Norse literature and can be used to clarify two passages in the Poetic Edda.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24771489" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40577976" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BevThurber">Bev Thurber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40577976" type="text/json">{"id":40577976,"first_name":"Bev","last_name":"Thurber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BevThurber","display_name":"Bev Thurber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BevThurber?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40577976/64076565/52392531/s65_bev.thurber.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24771489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24771489"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24771489, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24771489", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24771489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24771489; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24771489"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24771489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24771489"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24771489; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24771489]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24771489").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24771489").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24771489"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">Old Norse literature and culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70300" type="text/json">{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="485162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Skiing">History of Skiing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="485162" type="text/json">{"id":485162,"name":"History of Skiing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Skiing?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="485163" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Skating">History of Skating</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="485163" type="text/json">{"id":485163,"name":"History of Skating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Skating?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24771489]'), work: {"id":24771489,"title":"The Similarity of Bone Skates and Skis","created_at":"2016-04-26T06:24:37.536-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24771489/The_Similarity_of_Bone_Skates_and_Skis?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_24771489","summary":"During the age of the sagas, two technologies for winter travel were available: skis and bone skates. While skis are clearly referred to in Old Norse literature, references to bone ice-skates are rare. This conflicts with the archaeological evidence, which shows that both technologies were in use. An analysis of the relevant texts, focusing on the boasting contest in Magnússona saga, leads to the conclusion that bone skates were considered close relatives of skis. This is supported by two additional similarities between the two: the use of a single pole and the similar gliding motions of skaters and skiers. Both motions can be described using skríða, the function of which is analysed. This helps to explain why references to bone skates are rare in Old Norse literature and can be used to clarify two passages in the Poetic Edda.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40577976,"first_name":"Bev","last_name":"Thurber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BevThurber","display_name":"Bev Thurber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BevThurber?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40577976/64076565/52392531/s65_bev.thurber.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":485162,"name":"History of Skiing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Skiing?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":485163,"name":"History of Skating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Skating?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1259115" data-work_id="1259115" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1259115/_Royal_pretenders_and_faithful_retainers_The_Icelandic_vision_of_kingship_in_transition_Gardar_30_1999_47_65">“Royal pretenders and faithful retainers: The Icelandic vision of kingship in transition,” Gardar 30 (1999), 47–65.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1259115" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="645fdae987cc298e86f5037f7d099ee4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41856802,"asset_id":1259115,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41856802/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1183037" href="https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson">Ármann Jakobsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1183037" type="text/json">{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1259115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1259115"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1259115, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1259115", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1259115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1259115; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1259115"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1259115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1259115"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1259115; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1259115]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1259115").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1259115").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1259115"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1259115]'), work: {"id":1259115,"title":"“Royal pretenders and faithful retainers: The Icelandic vision of kingship in transition,” Gardar 30 (1999), 47–65.","created_at":"2012-06-26T05:33:21.473-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1259115/_Royal_pretenders_and_faithful_retainers_The_Icelandic_vision_of_kingship_in_transition_Gardar_30_1999_47_65?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_1259115","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41856802,"asset_id":1259115,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=70300"},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=70300"},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=70300"},{"id":13625,"name":"Kingship (Medieval History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingship_Medieval_History_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":44006,"name":"Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":52629,"name":"Political Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Identity?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8330710" data-work_id="8330710" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8330710/Konur_og_v%C3%B6ld_%C3%AD_Brei%C3%B0afir%C3%B0i_%C3%A1_mi%C3%B0%C3%B6ldum">Konur og völd í Breiðafirði á miðöldum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An article published in Skírnir 187 (2013), 161-75.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8330710" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7092776e6bf806dc6a1a4a863bce80a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34735678,"asset_id":8330710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34735678/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="963489" href="https://hi.academia.edu/SverrirJakobsson">Sverrir Jakobsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="963489" type="text/json">{"id":963489,"first_name":"Sverrir","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"SverrirJakobsson","display_name":"Sverrir Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/SverrirJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/963489/730609/6376160/s65_sverrir.jakobsson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8330710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8330710"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8330710, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8330710", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8330710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8330710; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8330710"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8330710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8330710"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8330710; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8330710]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8330710").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8330710").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8330710"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7060" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Women">Medieval Women</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7060" type="text/json">{"id":7060,"name":"Medieval Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Women?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8330710]'), work: {"id":8330710,"title":"Konur og völd í Breiðafirði á miðöldum","created_at":"2014-09-14T23:57:04.812-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8330710/Konur_og_v%C3%B6ld_%C3%AD_Brei%C3%B0afir%C3%B0i_%C3%A1_mi%C3%B0%C3%B6ldum?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_8330710","summary":"An article published in Skírnir 187 (2013), 161-75.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34735678,"asset_id":8330710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":963489,"first_name":"Sverrir","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"SverrirJakobsson","display_name":"Sverrir Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/SverrirJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/963489/730609/6376160/s65_sverrir.jakobsson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":7060,"name":"Medieval Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Women?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18273,"name":"History of Iceland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Iceland?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18274,"name":"Scandinavian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_history?f_ri=70300"},{"id":22937,"name":"Mediaeval Icelandic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediaeval_Icelandic_History?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38460,"name":"Gender Studies (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":429584,"name":"Medieval gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_gender?f_ri=70300"},{"id":593860,"name":"Medieval Women and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Women_and_Gender?f_ri=70300"},{"id":646447,"name":"Women in the Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_in_the_Middle_Ages?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6857527" data-work_id="6857527" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6857527/_Textreferenzen_in_der_Morkinskinna_Geschichten_%C3%BCber_Dichtung_und_Geschichten_Skandinavistik_37_2007_118_30">„Textreferenzen in der Morkinskinna: Geschichten über Dichtung und Geschichten,” Skandinavistik 37 (2007), 118–30.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6857527" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1d34706f2b6588023f2df520d30d5afb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42649983,"asset_id":6857527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42649983/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1183037" href="https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson">Ármann Jakobsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1183037" type="text/json">{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6857527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6857527"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6857527, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6857527", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6857527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6857527; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6857527"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6857527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6857527"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6857527; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6857527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6857527").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6857527").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6857527"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2852" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative">Narrative</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2852" type="text/json">{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6857527]'), work: {"id":6857527,"title":"„Textreferenzen in der Morkinskinna: Geschichten über Dichtung und Geschichten,” Skandinavistik 37 (2007), 118–30.","created_at":"2014-04-24T03:41:30.778-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6857527/_Textreferenzen_in_der_Morkinskinna_Geschichten_%C3%BCber_Dichtung_und_Geschichten_Skandinavistik_37_2007_118_30?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_6857527","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42649983,"asset_id":6857527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4178,"name":"Textual Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Criticism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":6492,"name":"Storytelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storytelling?f_ri=70300"},{"id":8475,"name":"Narrative Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_Methods?f_ri=70300"},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":10232,"name":"Intertextuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intertextuality?f_ri=70300"},{"id":12936,"name":"Medieval Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Europe?f_ri=70300"},{"id":14070,"name":"Transmedial Storytelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmedial_Storytelling?f_ri=70300"},{"id":19818,"name":"Narrative Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_Theory?f_ri=70300"},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":41667,"name":"Transmedia Storytelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmedia_Storytelling?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":51647,"name":"Scandinavian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":57842,"name":"European literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":102744,"name":"Ambiguity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambiguity?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5641547 coauthored" data-work_id="5641547" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5641547/Snorri_Sturlusons_Mythologie_und_die_mittelalterliche_Theologie">Snorri Sturlusons Mythologie und die mittelalterliche Theologie</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The study of North Germanic mythology has been greatly influenced by the writings of the Icelandic scholar and politician Snorri Sturluson (1178/9–1241). Yet the past 200 years has seen much disagreement among scholars. In this book, Jan... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5641547" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study of North Germanic mythology has been greatly influenced by the writings of the Icelandic scholar and politician Snorri Sturluson (1178/9–1241). Yet the past 200 years has seen much disagreement among scholars. In this book, Jan Alexander van Nahl provides a constructive new way to think about the debates. He casts a critical eye both on medieval interpretations and history of research, and uses a lexematic analysis in examining the versions of Snorri’s work passed down through history.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5641547" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d057971a9c0ddf2b76cb1cc2deaddbe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53700124,"asset_id":5641547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53700124/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8108410" href="https://hi.academia.edu/JanAlexandervanNahl">Jan Alexander van Nahl</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8108410" type="text/json">{"id":8108410,"first_name":"Jan Alexander","last_name":"van Nahl","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"JanAlexandervanNahl","display_name":"Jan Alexander van Nahl","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/JanAlexandervanNahl?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8108410/2809846/35025398/s65_jan_alexander.van_nahl.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-5641547">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-5641547"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://tu-darmstadt.academia.edu/Mittelalterhypothesesorg">Medieval Studies Blog mittelalter.hypotheses.org</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-5641547'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-5641547').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5641547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5641547"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5641547, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5641547", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5641547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5641547; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5641547"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5641547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5641547"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5641547; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5641547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5641547").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5641547").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5641547"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snorra-Edda">Snorra-Edda</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18249" type="text/json">{"id":18249,"name":"Snorra-Edda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snorra-Edda?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5641547]'), work: {"id":5641547,"title":"Snorri Sturlusons Mythologie und die mittelalterliche Theologie","created_at":"2014-01-08T00:16:36.555-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5641547/Snorri_Sturlusons_Mythologie_und_die_mittelalterliche_Theologie?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_5641547","summary":"The study of North Germanic mythology has been greatly influenced by the writings of the Icelandic scholar and politician Snorri Sturluson (1178/9–1241). Yet the past 200 years has seen much disagreement among scholars. In this book, Jan Alexander van Nahl provides a constructive new way to think about the debates. He casts a critical eye both on medieval interpretations and history of research, and uses a lexematic analysis in examining the versions of Snorri’s work passed down through history.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53700124,"asset_id":5641547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8108410,"first_name":"Jan Alexander","last_name":"van Nahl","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"JanAlexandervanNahl","display_name":"Jan Alexander van Nahl","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/JanAlexandervanNahl?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8108410/2809846/35025398/s65_jan_alexander.van_nahl.jpg"},{"id":3341185,"first_name":"Medieval Studies Blog","last_name":"mittelalter.hypotheses.org","domain_name":"tu-darmstadt","page_name":"Mittelalterhypothesesorg","display_name":"Medieval Studies Blog mittelalter.hypotheses.org","profile_url":"https://tu-darmstadt.academia.edu/Mittelalterhypothesesorg?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3341185/1262362/1573543/s65_mittelalterblog.mittelalterblog.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18249,"name":"Snorra-Edda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snorra-Edda?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":72502,"name":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snorri_Sturluson?f_ri=70300"},{"id":81894,"name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Ages?f_ri=70300"},{"id":113846,"name":"Myth and scholarship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myth_and_scholarship?f_ri=70300"},{"id":273472,"name":"Old Norse heroic saga and eddaic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_heroic_saga_and_eddaic_literature?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4980205" data-work_id="4980205" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4980205/Constructing_the_Past_Introductory_Remarks_with_Pernille_Hermann_">Constructing the Past. Introductory Remarks (with Pernille Hermann)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4980205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a1c6fb35a65ec908459b7c3a7d13f91" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32938072,"asset_id":4980205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32938072/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1219280" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell">Stephen Mitchell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1219280" type="text/json">{"id":1219280,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Mitchell","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"StephenMitchell","display_name":"Stephen Mitchell","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1219280/440400/546996/s65_stephen.mitchell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4980205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4980205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4980205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4980205", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4980205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4980205; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4980205"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4980205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4980205"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4980205; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4980205]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4980205").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4980205").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4980205"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Collective_Memory">Social and Collective Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11455" type="text/json">{"id":11455,"name":"Social and Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Collective_Memory?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">Old Norse literature and culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70300" type="text/json">{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4980205]'), work: {"id":4980205,"title":"Constructing the Past. Introductory Remarks (with Pernille Hermann)","created_at":"2013-11-03T18:17:11.828-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4980205/Constructing_the_Past_Introductory_Remarks_with_Pernille_Hermann_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_4980205","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32938072,"asset_id":4980205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1219280,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Mitchell","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"StephenMitchell","display_name":"Stephen Mitchell","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1219280/440400/546996/s65_stephen.mitchell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11455,"name":"Social and Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Collective_Memory?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_630396" data-work_id="630396" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/630396/Hermes_Mercury_and_Woden_Odin_as_Inventors_of_Alphabets_A_Neglected_Parallel">Hermes-Mercury and Woden-Odin as Inventors of Alphabets: A Neglected Parallel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article it is argued that Odin's discovery of the runes when hanging on the tree, as related in the Icelandic Hávamál, is not an indigenous attribute of that god. Nor should the attribution of the invention of letters to Mercury... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_630396" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article it is argued that Odin's discovery of the runes when hanging on the tree, as related in the Icelandic Hávamál, is not an indigenous attribute of that god. Nor should the attribution of the invention of letters to Mercury in the Old English  Prose Solomon and Saturn be linked to the Hávamál, as is generally done. Instead I demonstrate that Odin's invention is an adaptation of Roman Classical mythology in which the invention of letters is ascribed to Mercury. The Romans in their turn borrowed this myth from the Greeks, with Hermes Trismagistos playing that role, while the Greeks and borrowed it from the Egyptians, equating their god Thoth with Hermes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/630396" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c19e9efc3b3be18f53b979502113e907" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41302518,"asset_id":630396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41302518/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="454939" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/RolfBremmer">Rolf H . Bremmer Jr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="454939" type="text/json">{"id":454939,"first_name":"Rolf","last_name":"Bremmer Jr","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"RolfBremmer","display_name":"Rolf H . Bremmer Jr","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/RolfBremmer?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/454939/148800/172948/s65_rolf.bremmer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_630396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="630396"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 630396, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_630396", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_630396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 630396; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_630396"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_630396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="630396"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 630396; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=630396]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_630396").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_630396").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="630396"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="858" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literacy">Literacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="858" type="text/json">{"id":858,"name":"Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literacy?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2059" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion">History of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2059" type="text/json">{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2371" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies">Anglo-Saxon Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2371" type="text/json">{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=630396]'), work: {"id":630396,"title":"Hermes-Mercury and Woden-Odin as Inventors of Alphabets: A Neglected Parallel","created_at":"2011-05-30T08:44:12.896-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/630396/Hermes_Mercury_and_Woden_Odin_as_Inventors_of_Alphabets_A_Neglected_Parallel?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_630396","summary":"In this article it is argued that Odin's discovery of the runes when hanging on the tree, as related in the Icelandic Hávamál, is not an indigenous attribute of that god. Nor should the attribution of the invention of letters to Mercury in the Old English Prose Solomon and Saturn be linked to the Hávamál, as is generally done. Instead I demonstrate that Odin's invention is an adaptation of Roman Classical mythology in which the invention of letters is ascribed to Mercury. The Romans in their turn borrowed this myth from the Greeks, with Hermes Trismagistos playing that role, while the Greeks and borrowed it from the Egyptians, equating their god Thoth with Hermes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41302518,"asset_id":630396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":454939,"first_name":"Rolf","last_name":"Bremmer Jr","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"RolfBremmer","display_name":"Rolf H . Bremmer Jr","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/RolfBremmer?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/454939/148800/172948/s65_rolf.bremmer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":858,"name":"Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literacy?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":3891,"name":"Orality-Literacy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orality-Literacy_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4234,"name":"Old English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_English_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":5327,"name":"Roman Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=70300"},{"id":11907,"name":"Runology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":29426,"name":"Cultural Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Exchange?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":59077,"name":"Greek mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":158237,"name":"Old English Runes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_English_Runes?f_ri=70300"},{"id":268296,"name":"Anglo-Saxon and Norse Runology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_and_Norse_Runology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":303948,"name":"Germanic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_Mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":453759,"name":"Runes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runes?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14110551" data-work_id="14110551" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14110551/The_Tale_of_King_Harald_The_Last_Viking_Adventure_Chapter_1_">The Tale of King Harald: The Last Viking Adventure (Chapter 1)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Child in exile, Russian warlord, mercenary for the Greek Emperor, Christian warrior in the Holy Land, King of Norway; Harald Hard-ruler was many things in the course of a brilliant and blood-soaked career, but he is mostly remembered... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14110551" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Child in exile, Russian warlord, mercenary for the Greek Emperor, Christian warrior in the Holy Land, King of Norway; Harald Hard-ruler was many things in the course of a brilliant and blood-soaked career, but he is mostly remembered today (if he is remembered at all) as the Viking king who scuppered the chances of successful English resistance to the Normans at the battle of Hastings in 1066. But Harald, often regarded as the last of the Viking kings, deserves to be more than a mere footnote to the familiar story of the Norman Conquest. This book, an illustrated retelling of Harald’s life and legend, with factual sections exploring the Viking world, sets out to put that right.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14110551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e58ea63b4b1300d9d4f361b0f6d15148" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38462610,"asset_id":14110551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38462610/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="104195" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasWilliams147">Thomas J T Williams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="104195" type="text/json">{"id":104195,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasWilliams147","display_name":"Thomas J T Williams","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasWilliams147?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104195/28672/17927049/s65_thomas.williams.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14110551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14110551"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14110551, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14110551", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14110551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14110551; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14110551"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14110551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14110551"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14110551; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14110551]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14110551").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14110551").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14110551"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2746" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Literature">Children's Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2746" type="text/json">{"id":2746,"name":"Children's Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies">Viking Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11904" type="text/json">{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14253" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology">Viking Age Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14253" type="text/json">{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14110551]'), work: {"id":14110551,"title":"The Tale of King Harald: The Last Viking Adventure (Chapter 1)","created_at":"2015-07-16T05:31:50.411-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14110551/The_Tale_of_King_Harald_The_Last_Viking_Adventure_Chapter_1_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_14110551","summary":"Child in exile, Russian warlord, mercenary for the Greek Emperor, Christian warrior in the Holy Land, King of Norway; Harald Hard-ruler was many things in the course of a brilliant and blood-soaked career, but he is mostly remembered today (if he is remembered at all) as the Viking king who scuppered the chances of successful English resistance to the Normans at the battle of Hastings in 1066. But Harald, often regarded as the last of the Viking kings, deserves to be more than a mere footnote to the familiar story of the Norman Conquest. This book, an illustrated retelling of Harald’s life and legend, with factual sections exploring the Viking world, sets out to put that right.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38462610,"asset_id":14110551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":104195,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasWilliams147","display_name":"Thomas J T Williams","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasWilliams147?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104195/28672/17927049/s65_thomas.williams.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2746,"name":"Children's Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings?f_ri=70300"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":97538,"name":"Material Culture of the Viking age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_of_the_Viking_age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":164228,"name":"Viking Ships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Ships?f_ri=70300"},{"id":310434,"name":"Vikings in the East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_East?f_ri=70300"},{"id":859370,"name":"Viking Age Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Weapons?f_ri=70300"},{"id":988067,"name":"Viking Swords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Swords?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5479286" data-work_id="5479286" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5479286/The_Kensington_Runestone_Approaching_a_Research_Question_Holistically">The Kensington Runestone: Approaching a Research Question Holistically</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">solution to this problem, she convincingly concludes that fixed assumptions about what constitutes "magic" and "religion" have artificially constrained past attempts to understand and appreciate African-American religious life.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5479286" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="718b889a0ae2fd15e986b67d0b278e18" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49277153,"asset_id":5479286,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49277153/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="539046" href="https://marquette.academia.edu/alicekehoecom">Alice Kehoe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="539046" type="text/json">{"id":539046,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Kehoe","domain_name":"marquette","page_name":"alicekehoecom","display_name":"Alice Kehoe","profile_url":"https://marquette.academia.edu/alicekehoecom?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/539046/193223/21749616/s65_alice.kehoe.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5479286 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5479286"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5479286, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5479286", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5479286 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5479286; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5479286"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5479286 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5479286"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5479286; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5479286]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5479286").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5479286").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5479286"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">Old Norse literature and culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70300" type="text/json">{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5479286]'), work: {"id":5479286,"title":"The Kensington Runestone: Approaching a Research Question Holistically","created_at":"2013-12-19T02:56:27.766-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5479286/The_Kensington_Runestone_Approaching_a_Research_Question_Holistically?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_5479286","summary":"solution to this problem, she convincingly concludes that fixed assumptions about what constitutes \"magic\" and \"religion\" have artificially constrained past attempts to understand and appreciate African-American religious life.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49277153,"asset_id":5479286,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":539046,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Kehoe","domain_name":"marquette","page_name":"alicekehoecom","display_name":"Alice Kehoe","profile_url":"https://marquette.academia.edu/alicekehoecom?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/539046/193223/21749616/s65_alice.kehoe.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58903002" data-work_id="58903002" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58903002/The_Forgotten_Sk%C3%A1ldkonur_and_Their_Place_in_Early_Scandinavian_Culture">The Forgotten Skáldkonur and Their Place in Early Scandinavian Culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">&amp;quot;The Forgotten Skáldkonur and Their Place in Early Scandinavian Culture.&amp;quot; In: Creativity, Influence, Imagination: The Worlds of Medieval Women. Ed. Judith Rice Rothschild. Morgantown, West Virginia: University of West... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58903002" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">&amp;quot;The Forgotten Skáldkonur and Their Place in Early Scandinavian Culture.&amp;quot; In: Creativity, Influence, Imagination: The Worlds of Medieval Women. Ed. Judith Rice Rothschild. Morgantown, West Virginia: University of West Virginia Press, 1987, 14-23.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58903002" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae66c989b637f275f5ce5076e9de35dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73722001,"asset_id":58903002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73722001/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4753453" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/SandraStraubhaar">Sandra Straubhaar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4753453" type="text/json">{"id":4753453,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Straubhaar","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"SandraStraubhaar","display_name":"Sandra Straubhaar","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/SandraStraubhaar?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4753453/2016372/3188588/s65_sandra.straubhaar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58903002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58903002"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58903002, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58903002", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58903002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58903002; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58903002"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58903002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58903002"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58903002; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58903002]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58903002").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58903002").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58903002"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">Old Norse literature and culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70300" type="text/json">{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58903002]'), work: {"id":58903002,"title":"The Forgotten Skáldkonur and Their Place in Early Scandinavian Culture","created_at":"2021-10-18T14:02:01.013-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58903002/The_Forgotten_Sk%C3%A1ldkonur_and_Their_Place_in_Early_Scandinavian_Culture?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_58903002","summary":"\u0026amp;quot;The Forgotten Skáldkonur and Their Place in Early Scandinavian Culture.\u0026amp;quot; In: Creativity, Influence, Imagination: The Worlds of Medieval Women. Ed. Judith Rice Rothschild. Morgantown, West Virginia: University of West Virginia Press, 1987, 14-23.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73722001,"asset_id":58903002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4753453,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Straubhaar","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"SandraStraubhaar","display_name":"Sandra Straubhaar","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/SandraStraubhaar?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4753453/2016372/3188588/s65_sandra.straubhaar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31111060" data-work_id="31111060" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31111060/Kva_slag_skip_var_Ormen_Lange_Norr%C3%B8ne_skip_i_lys_av_skipsfunn_og_kjeldeproblematiske_soger_What_kind_of_a_ship_was_The_Long_Serpent_Old_Norse_ships_in_light_of_ship_finds_and_source_problematic_sagas_">Kva slag skip var Ormen Lange? Norrøne skip i lys av skipsfunn og kjeldeproblematiske soger [What kind of a ship was The Long Serpent? Old Norse ships in light of ship finds and source-problematic sagas]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Populært føredrag på Hordamuseet i Bergen 29.1.2017</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31111060" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc4b1701def6dc2cd58e45aadb7c09ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51546537,"asset_id":31111060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51546537/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="682428" href="https://hvl-no.academia.edu/EldarHeide">Eldar Heide</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="682428" type="text/json">{"id":682428,"first_name":"Eldar","last_name":"Heide","domain_name":"hvl-no","page_name":"EldarHeide","display_name":"Eldar Heide","profile_url":"https://hvl-no.academia.edu/EldarHeide?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/682428/1024406/1280260/s65_eldar.heide.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31111060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31111060"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31111060, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31111060", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31111060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31111060; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31111060"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31111060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31111060"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31111060; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31111060]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31111060").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31111060").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31111060"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry">Skaldic Poetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18252" type="text/json">{"id":18252,"name":"Skaldic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38420" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia">Viking Age Scandinavia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38420" type="text/json">{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70296" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia_and_the_North_Atlantic">Viking Age Scandinavia and the North Atlantic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70296" type="text/json">{"id":70296,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia and the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia_and_the_North_Atlantic?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">Old Norse literature and culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70300" type="text/json">{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31111060]'), work: {"id":31111060,"title":"Kva slag skip var Ormen Lange? Norrøne skip i lys av skipsfunn og kjeldeproblematiske soger [What kind of a ship was The Long Serpent? Old Norse ships in light of ship finds and source-problematic sagas]","created_at":"2017-01-29T10:15:12.889-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31111060/Kva_slag_skip_var_Ormen_Lange_Norr%C3%B8ne_skip_i_lys_av_skipsfunn_og_kjeldeproblematiske_soger_What_kind_of_a_ship_was_The_Long_Serpent_Old_Norse_ships_in_light_of_ship_finds_and_source_problematic_sagas_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_31111060","summary":"Populært føredrag på Hordamuseet i Bergen 29.1.2017","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51546537,"asset_id":31111060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":682428,"first_name":"Eldar","last_name":"Heide","domain_name":"hvl-no","page_name":"EldarHeide","display_name":"Eldar Heide","profile_url":"https://hvl-no.academia.edu/EldarHeide?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/682428/1024406/1280260/s65_eldar.heide.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18252,"name":"Skaldic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70296,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia and the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia_and_the_North_Atlantic?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":97538,"name":"Material Culture of the Viking age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_of_the_Viking_age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":164228,"name":"Viking Ships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Ships?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":543679,"name":"Medieval Ships and Seamen, Medieval Navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Ships_and_Seamen_Medieval_Navigation?f_ri=70300"},{"id":648890,"name":"Ancient and Medieval Shipbuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_and_Medieval_Shipbuilding?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36763754" data-work_id="36763754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36763754/Viking_Norse_Scandinavian_Mythology_%C4%B0skandinav_Mitolojisi_pptx">Viking- Norse - Scandinavian Mythology - İskandinav Mitolojisi.pptx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Tarihin cesur savaşçı topluluklarından olan, Kuzeyin efendileri Vikingler atalarının Hristiyanlık öncesi inandıkları dini tözler.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36763754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91d4462421b115098ce5e6fe2f6de768" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56710850,"asset_id":36763754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56710850/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60187042" href="https://ahbv.academia.edu/AliCanK%C4%B1rcaali">Ali Can Kırcaali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60187042" type="text/json">{"id":60187042,"first_name":"Ali Can","last_name":"Kırcaali","domain_name":"ahbv","page_name":"AliCanKırcaali","display_name":"Ali Can Kırcaali","profile_url":"https://ahbv.academia.edu/AliCanK%C4%B1rcaali?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60187042/15836069/21001743/s65_ali_can.k_rcaali.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36763754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36763754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36763754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36763754", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36763754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36763754; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36763754"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36763754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36763754"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36763754; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36763754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36763754").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36763754").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36763754"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2059" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion">History of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2059" type="text/json">{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5749" type="text/json">{"id":5749,"name":"Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36763754]'), work: {"id":36763754,"title":"Viking- Norse - Scandinavian Mythology - İskandinav Mitolojisi.pptx","created_at":"2018-06-02T03:20:50.136-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36763754/Viking_Norse_Scandinavian_Mythology_%C4%B0skandinav_Mitolojisi_pptx?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_36763754","summary":"Tarihin cesur savaşçı topluluklarından olan, Kuzeyin efendileri Vikingler atalarının Hristiyanlık öncesi inandıkları dini tözler.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56710850,"asset_id":36763754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60187042,"first_name":"Ali Can","last_name":"Kırcaali","domain_name":"ahbv","page_name":"AliCanKırcaali","display_name":"Ali Can Kırcaali","profile_url":"https://ahbv.academia.edu/AliCanK%C4%B1rcaali?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60187042/15836069/21001743/s65_ali_can.k_rcaali.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":5749,"name":"Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11308,"name":"Paganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paganism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":63044,"name":"Sanat Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanat_Tarihi?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings?f_ri=70300"},{"id":97308,"name":"Mithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mithology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":151031,"name":"The reception of Old Norse Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_reception_of_Old_Norse_Myth?f_ri=70300"},{"id":297229,"name":"The Viking Age, Norse Mythology, The sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Viking_Age_Norse_Mythology_The_sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":310325,"name":"Mitoloji Ikonografi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitoloji_Ikonografi?f_ri=70300"},{"id":410875,"name":"Mitoloji","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitoloji?f_ri=70300"},{"id":464005,"name":"Odin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odin?f_ri=70300"},{"id":498499,"name":"Odinismo, Cultura Viking, Religiosidade Viking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odinismo_Cultura_Viking_Religiosidade_Viking?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1783757,"name":"Dünya Sanat Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/D%C3%BCnya_Sanat_Tarihi?f_ri=70300"},{"id":2487470,"name":"iskandinavya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/iskandinavya?f_ri=70300"},{"id":2865582,"name":"Vikingler ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikingler?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41854669" data-work_id="41854669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41854669/Berserks_Behaving_Badly_Manipulating_Normative_Expectations_in_Eyrbyggja_saga">Berserks Behaving Badly: Manipulating Normative Expectations in Eyrbyggja saga</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter makes a close reading of a short vignette in Eyrbyggja saga - the attempted forced marriage between the Swedish berserk Halli and Víga-Styrr's daughter Ásdis - exploring the ways that various norms and normative expectations... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41854669" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter makes a close reading of a short vignette in Eyrbyggja saga - the attempted forced marriage between the Swedish berserk Halli and Víga-Styrr's daughter Ásdis - exploring the ways that various norms and normative expectations are deliberately manipulated by the characters in question to further their own social goals in the narrative.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41854669" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6affb699d6a618af45e864192547173" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61988724,"asset_id":41854669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61988724/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4246783" href="https://ucs.academia.edu/KeithRuiter">Keith Ruiter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4246783" type="text/json">{"id":4246783,"first_name":"Keith","last_name":"Ruiter","domain_name":"ucs","page_name":"KeithRuiter","display_name":"Keith Ruiter","profile_url":"https://ucs.academia.edu/KeithRuiter?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4246783/1670108/38504076/s65_keith.ruiter.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41854669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41854669"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41854669, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41854669", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41854669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41854669; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41854669"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41854669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41854669"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41854669; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41854669]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41854669").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41854669").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41854669"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-legal_studies">Socio-legal studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8230" type="text/json">{"id":8230,"name":"Socio-legal studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-legal_studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia">Medieval Scandinavia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9288" type="text/json">{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies">Viking Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11904" type="text/json">{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41854669]'), work: {"id":41854669,"title":"Berserks Behaving Badly: Manipulating Normative Expectations in Eyrbyggja saga","created_at":"2020-02-04T07:21:18.830-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41854669/Berserks_Behaving_Badly_Manipulating_Normative_Expectations_in_Eyrbyggja_saga?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_41854669","summary":"This chapter makes a close reading of a short vignette in Eyrbyggja saga - the attempted forced marriage between the Swedish berserk Halli and Víga-Styrr's daughter Ásdis - exploring the ways that various norms and normative expectations are deliberately manipulated by the characters in question to further their own social goals in the narrative.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61988724,"asset_id":41854669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4246783,"first_name":"Keith","last_name":"Ruiter","domain_name":"ucs","page_name":"KeithRuiter","display_name":"Keith Ruiter","profile_url":"https://ucs.academia.edu/KeithRuiter?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4246783/1670108/38504076/s65_keith.ruiter.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":8230,"name":"Socio-legal studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-legal_studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":12912,"name":"Normativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normativity?f_ri=70300"},{"id":15106,"name":"Scandinavian languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_languages?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":21422,"name":"Legal Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Sociology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":51647,"name":"Scandinavian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":132468,"name":"Transgression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgression?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37910330 coauthored" data-work_id="37910330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37910330/Et_klosterbibliotek_i_Sunnhordland">Et klosterbibliotek i Sunnhordland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article deals with the fragmentary remains of the library of the Augustinian house at Halsnøy in Western Norway, founded in i 1163/1164. Close to forty fragmentary manuscripts have been identified from this library dating from c.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37910330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article deals with the fragmentary remains of the library of the Augustinian house at Halsnøy in Western Norway, founded in i 1163/1164. Close to forty fragmentary manuscripts have been identified from this library dating from c. 1100-1500, most of them in Latin and a few in the Nordic vernaculars. These are the most substantial physical remains of any medieval monastic library in Norway.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37910330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0db6c1fd0e49e85e8eb95171ed3d4203" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57921152,"asset_id":37910330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57921152/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5837502" href="https://nb.academia.edu/EspenKarlsen">Espen Karlsen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5837502" type="text/json">{"id":5837502,"first_name":"Espen","last_name":"Karlsen","domain_name":"nb","page_name":"EspenKarlsen","display_name":"Espen Karlsen","profile_url":"https://nb.academia.edu/EspenKarlsen?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5837502/9755132/10867358/s65_espen.karlsen.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37910330">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37910330"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TWeidling">Tor Weidling</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37910330'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37910330').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37910330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37910330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37910330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37910330", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37910330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37910330; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37910330"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37910330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37910330"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37910330; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37910330]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37910330").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37910330").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37910330"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5027" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Latin_Literature">Medieval Latin Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5027" type="text/json">{"id":5027,"name":"Medieval Latin Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Latin_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5959" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies">Monastic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5959" type="text/json">{"id":5959,"name":"Monastic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37910330]'), work: {"id":37910330,"title":"Et klosterbibliotek i Sunnhordland","created_at":"2018-12-04T05:22:26.294-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37910330/Et_klosterbibliotek_i_Sunnhordland?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_37910330","summary":"The article deals with the fragmentary remains of the library of the Augustinian house at Halsnøy in Western Norway, founded in i 1163/1164. Close to forty fragmentary manuscripts have been identified from this library dating from c. 1100-1500, most of them in Latin and a few in the Nordic vernaculars. These are the most substantial physical remains of any medieval monastic library in Norway.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57921152,"asset_id":37910330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5837502,"first_name":"Espen","last_name":"Karlsen","domain_name":"nb","page_name":"EspenKarlsen","display_name":"Espen Karlsen","profile_url":"https://nb.academia.edu/EspenKarlsen?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5837502/9755132/10867358/s65_espen.karlsen.jpg"},{"id":42873932,"first_name":"Tor","last_name":"Weidling","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TWeidling","display_name":"Tor Weidling","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TWeidling?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42873932/24180003/60217844/s65_tor.weidling.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":5027,"name":"Medieval Latin Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Latin_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":5959,"name":"Monastic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":23177,"name":"Norwegian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norwegian_History?f_ri=70300"},{"id":40238,"name":"Medieval Latin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Latin?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":99015,"name":"Medieval Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Norway?f_ri=70300"},{"id":135095,"name":"Late Medieval Libraries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Medieval_Libraries?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":369736,"name":"Middelalder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middelalder?f_ri=70300"},{"id":596579,"name":"Medieval Libraries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Libraries?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1056728,"name":"Manuscript Fragments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscript_Fragments?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3746523" data-work_id="3746523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3746523/Recognizing_Mythic_Images_in_Fantastic_Literature_Reading_Baldrs_draumar_12_14">Recognizing Mythic Images in Fantastic Literature: Reading Baldrs draumar 12–14</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines the obscure concluding sequence in the Old Norse eddic poem Baldrs draumar. In the poem, the god Odin travels in disguise to the realm of the dead in order to raise a dead sorceress; he interrogates her about the bad... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3746523" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines the obscure concluding sequence in the Old Norse eddic poem Baldrs draumar. In the poem, the god Odin travels in disguise to the realm of the dead in order to raise a dead sorceress; he interrogates her about the bad dreams of his son Baldr; the sorceress prophesies Baldr's death and the revenge sequence that Odin will orchestrate to follow it.  In the final sequence of the poem, Odin asks a peculiar question identifiable as a riddle for 'waves'; rather than answering the question, the sorceress reveals the identity of Odin as the figure interrogating her, and in response, Odin appears to reveal the identity of the sorceress, who then takes the last word with reference to Ragnarök - the end of the world at which Odin will die. <br /> <br />Building on the premises that the final sequence of stanzas would have reasonable sense to a vernacular audience and engage concepts conventional to the mythology (rather than simply being accepted as obscure or disconnected from broader discourses), this paper proposes the following interpretation: Odin's final question is relevant and engages a mythic image as a means of asking whether Ragnarök will follow from the revenge-cycle of the previous questions; this question enables the other figure to identify him unambiguously as Odin; this identification allows Odin to identify the other figure as someone other than expected, in which case the most probable recognizable figure would probably be Loki; the final response of this figure then both responds to Odin's question as a threat with direct reference to the release of Loki, relevant to the situation. <br /> <br />This paper engages possibilities of variation in the underlying ideas of the mythology found in different sources.  It introduces the observation that the cycle of material associated with the revenge prophesies in this and other sources seems to be rooted in different basic concepts than narrative material associated with Baldr's mother and her attempts to prevent Baldr's death (developed further in _Baldr and Lemminkäinen_).  If the interpretation is correct that the sorceress addressed by Odin is Loki in disguise, the circumstances present the possibility that this poem is engaging models of the mythology somewhat different from what is found in Snorri Sturluson's Edda.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3746523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7507c91beddf8b20bbaf32c727d8da67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31543023,"asset_id":3746523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31543023/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4502198" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog">Mr Frog</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4502198" type="text/json">{"id":4502198,"first_name":"Mr","last_name":"Frog","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"MrFrog","display_name":"Mr Frog","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4502198/1868426/2218707/s65_mr.frog.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3746523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3746523"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3746523, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3746523", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3746523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3746523; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3746523"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3746523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3746523"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3746523; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3746523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3746523").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3746523").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3746523"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="787" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore">Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="787" type="text/json">{"id":787,"name":"Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17425" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_Philology">Germanic Philology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17425" type="text/json">{"id":17425,"name":"Germanic Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_Philology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3746523]'), work: {"id":3746523,"title":"Recognizing Mythic Images in Fantastic Literature: Reading Baldrs draumar 12–14","created_at":"2013-06-19T14:48:01.154-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3746523/Recognizing_Mythic_Images_in_Fantastic_Literature_Reading_Baldrs_draumar_12_14?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_3746523","summary":"This paper examines the obscure concluding sequence in the Old Norse eddic poem Baldrs draumar. In the poem, the god Odin travels in disguise to the realm of the dead in order to raise a dead sorceress; he interrogates her about the bad dreams of his son Baldr; the sorceress prophesies Baldr's death and the revenge sequence that Odin will orchestrate to follow it. In the final sequence of the poem, Odin asks a peculiar question identifiable as a riddle for 'waves'; rather than answering the question, the sorceress reveals the identity of Odin as the figure interrogating her, and in response, Odin appears to reveal the identity of the sorceress, who then takes the last word with reference to Ragnarök - the end of the world at which Odin will die. \r\n\r\nBuilding on the premises that the final sequence of stanzas would have reasonable sense to a vernacular audience and engage concepts conventional to the mythology (rather than simply being accepted as obscure or disconnected from broader discourses), this paper proposes the following interpretation: Odin's final question is relevant and engages a mythic image as a means of asking whether Ragnarök will follow from the revenge-cycle of the previous questions; this question enables the other figure to identify him unambiguously as Odin; this identification allows Odin to identify the other figure as someone other than expected, in which case the most probable recognizable figure would probably be Loki; the final response of this figure then both responds to Odin's question as a threat with direct reference to the release of Loki, relevant to the situation.\r\n\r\nThis paper engages possibilities of variation in the underlying ideas of the mythology found in different sources. It introduces the observation that the cycle of material associated with the revenge prophesies in this and other sources seems to be rooted in different basic concepts than narrative material associated with Baldr's mother and her attempts to prevent Baldr's death (developed further in _Baldr and Lemminkäinen_). If the interpretation is correct that the sorceress addressed by Odin is Loki in disguise, the circumstances present the possibility that this poem is engaging models of the mythology somewhat different from what is found in Snorri Sturluson's Edda. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31543023,"asset_id":3746523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4502198,"first_name":"Mr","last_name":"Frog","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"MrFrog","display_name":"Mr Frog","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4502198/1868426/2218707/s65_mr.frog.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":787,"name":"Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":17425,"name":"Germanic Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_Philology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18248,"name":"Eddic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eddic_Poetry?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":215928,"name":"Oral Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Poetry?f_ri=70300"},{"id":745598,"name":"Mythic Images","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythic_Images?f_ri=70300"},{"id":798423,"name":"Mythical Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythical_Image?f_ri=70300"},{"id":857654,"name":"Retrospective Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Methods?f_ri=70300"},{"id":960329,"name":"Ragnarok","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ragnarok?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1348118" data-work_id="1348118" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1348118/_The_Hole_Problems_in_Medieval_Dwarfology_Arv_61_2005_53_76">“The Hole: Problems in Medieval Dwarfology,” Arv 61 (2005), 53–76.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1348118" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa190a141975f14c4f4e8e7f55e674d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42907077,"asset_id":1348118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42907077/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1183037" href="https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson">Ármann Jakobsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1183037" type="text/json">{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1348118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1348118"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1348118, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1348118", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1348118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1348118; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1348118"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1348118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1348118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1348118; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1348118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1348118").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1348118").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1348118"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="787" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore">Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="787" type="text/json">{"id":787,"name":"Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2059" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion">History of Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2059" type="text/json">{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1348118]'), work: {"id":1348118,"title":"“The Hole: Problems in Medieval Dwarfology,” Arv 61 (2005), 53–76.","created_at":"2012-02-06T01:14:31.204-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1348118/_The_Hole_Problems_in_Medieval_Dwarfology_Arv_61_2005_53_76?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_1348118","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42907077,"asset_id":1348118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":787,"name":"Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18248,"name":"Eddic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eddic_Poetry?f_ri=70300"},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":41309,"name":"Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myth?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":98725,"name":"Dwarfs (dwarves) in history and art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dwarfs_dwarves_in_history_and_art?f_ri=70300"},{"id":103519,"name":"Absence and Non-Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Absence_and_Non-Space?f_ri=70300"},{"id":304902,"name":"Poetic Edda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetic_Edda?f_ri=70300"},{"id":561670,"name":"Mythological studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythological_studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1262687,"name":"Little People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Little_People?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31835381" data-work_id="31835381" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31835381/Norns_as_Fates_in_Gislis_Saga">Norns as Fates in Gisli's Saga</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gísli Súrsson’s Saga is one of the most popular outlaw sagas in the corpus of Icelandic literature. In this story, Gísli experiences a series of prophetic dreams where two mysterious female figures appear to foretell his fate. Although... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31835381" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gísli Súrsson’s Saga is one of the most popular outlaw sagas in the corpus of Icelandic literature. In this story, Gísli experiences a series of prophetic dreams where two mysterious female figures appear to foretell his fate. Although the identities of these figures are not revealed, they do contain some of the same qualities that parallel other sources that might identify them as the Norns of fate of Norse mythology. This short paper will summarize Gísli’s dreams, and then compare them with a few other sources in order to investigate this potential connection. Finally, a short critique will be provided on this correlation that might help us lend some insight into the purpose behind these mythical beings, as well as to provide a basis for later inquiry on the subject. <br /> <br />Author: Noel Braucher</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31835381" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00da15d9eba27fcd985300d8476b2dfb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52405752,"asset_id":31835381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52405752/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43440543" href="https://umanitoba.academia.edu/NoelBraucher">Nóel Braucher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43440543" type="text/json">{"id":43440543,"first_name":"Nóel","last_name":"Braucher","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"NoelBraucher","display_name":"Nóel Braucher","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/NoelBraucher?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43440543/11613513/147798948/s65_n_el.braucher.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31835381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31835381"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31835381, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31835381", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31835381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31835381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31835381"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31835381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31835381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31835381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31835381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31835381").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31835381").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31835381"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature">Medieval Icelandic Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35636" type="text/json">{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39954" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion">Old Norse Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39954" type="text/json">{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31835381]'), work: {"id":31835381,"title":"Norns as Fates in Gisli's Saga","created_at":"2017-03-12T21:28:16.301-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31835381/Norns_as_Fates_in_Gislis_Saga?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_31835381","summary":"Gísli Súrsson’s Saga is one of the most popular outlaw sagas in the corpus of Icelandic literature. In this story, Gísli experiences a series of prophetic dreams where two mysterious female figures appear to foretell his fate. Although the identities of these figures are not revealed, they do contain some of the same qualities that parallel other sources that might identify them as the Norns of fate of Norse mythology. This short paper will summarize Gísli’s dreams, and then compare them with a few other sources in order to investigate this potential connection. Finally, a short critique will be provided on this correlation that might help us lend some insight into the purpose behind these mythical beings, as well as to provide a basis for later inquiry on the subject.\r\n\r\nAuthor: Noel Braucher","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52405752,"asset_id":31835381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43440543,"first_name":"Nóel","last_name":"Braucher","domain_name":"umanitoba","page_name":"NoelBraucher","display_name":"Nóel Braucher","profile_url":"https://umanitoba.academia.edu/NoelBraucher?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43440543/11613513/147798948/s65_n_el.braucher.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":151031,"name":"The reception of Old Norse Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_reception_of_Old_Norse_Myth?f_ri=70300"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":273472,"name":"Old Norse heroic saga and eddaic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_heroic_saga_and_eddaic_literature?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29855058" data-work_id="29855058" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29855058/Paganism_Past_and_Ideas_of_Authenticity">Paganism Past and Ideas of Authenticity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The (unedited and error-ridden) manuscript for the paper I gave at the 2016 Nordic Mythology Conference at Berkeley, October 29-30, "Paganism Past". The paper addresses Paganism Past and Ideas of Authenticity, and argues that any ideas of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29855058" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The (unedited and error-ridden) manuscript for the paper I gave at the 2016 Nordic Mythology Conference at Berkeley, October 29-30, "Paganism Past". The paper addresses Paganism Past and Ideas of Authenticity, and argues that any ideas of authenticity in the representation of Nordic mythology in Snorri's texts should be abandoned for another approach. My suggestion for an alternative approach is the concept of cultural complexity, in the sense that all sources available to the student of Nordic mythology, be they textual or part of the material culture, should be approached as expressions of the cultural phenomenon 'Nordic mythology', and variation should be addressed through the lens of social or cognitive differences and variations. With this perspective, we can abandon ideas of an authentic version of Nordic mythology; chronological and geographical variation become less essential, and distortions of the material brought about by the conversion process must be considered less interesting than the possibility of the available sources to Nordic mythology representing a plausible and viable system of thought and culture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29855058" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0aa62998e7c05bac893a14253f2c69e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50327968,"asset_id":29855058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50327968/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="234785" href="https://colorado.academia.edu/MathiasNordvig">Mathias Nordvig</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="234785" type="text/json">{"id":234785,"first_name":"Mathias","last_name":"Nordvig","domain_name":"colorado","page_name":"MathiasNordvig","display_name":"Mathias Nordvig","profile_url":"https://colorado.academia.edu/MathiasNordvig?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234785/60293/148415658/s65_mathias.nordvig.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29855058 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29855058"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29855058, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29855058", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29855058 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29855058; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29855058"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29855058 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29855058"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29855058; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29855058]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29855058").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29855058").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29855058"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies">Viking Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11904" type="text/json">{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28976" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology">Norse mythology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28976" type="text/json">{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29855058]'), work: {"id":29855058,"title":"Paganism Past and Ideas of Authenticity","created_at":"2016-11-15T09:31:17.015-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29855058/Paganism_Past_and_Ideas_of_Authenticity?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_29855058","summary":"The (unedited and error-ridden) manuscript for the paper I gave at the 2016 Nordic Mythology Conference at Berkeley, October 29-30, \"Paganism Past\". The paper addresses Paganism Past and Ideas of Authenticity, and argues that any ideas of authenticity in the representation of Nordic mythology in Snorri's texts should be abandoned for another approach. My suggestion for an alternative approach is the concept of cultural complexity, in the sense that all sources available to the student of Nordic mythology, be they textual or part of the material culture, should be approached as expressions of the cultural phenomenon 'Nordic mythology', and variation should be addressed through the lens of social or cognitive differences and variations. With this perspective, we can abandon ideas of an authentic version of Nordic mythology; chronological and geographical variation become less essential, and distortions of the material brought about by the conversion process must be considered less interesting than the possibility of the available sources to Nordic mythology representing a plausible and viable system of thought and culture.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50327968,"asset_id":29855058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":234785,"first_name":"Mathias","last_name":"Nordvig","domain_name":"colorado","page_name":"MathiasNordvig","display_name":"Mathias Nordvig","profile_url":"https://colorado.academia.edu/MathiasNordvig?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234785/60293/148415658/s65_mathias.nordvig.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings?f_ri=70300"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":97538,"name":"Material Culture of the Viking age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_of_the_Viking_age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":151031,"name":"The reception of Old Norse Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_reception_of_Old_Norse_Myth?f_ri=70300"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":273472,"name":"Old Norse heroic saga and eddaic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_heroic_saga_and_eddaic_literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":1709457,"name":"Nordic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nordic_Mythology?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4980214" data-work_id="4980214" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4980214/Memory_Mediality_and_the_Performative_Turn_Recontextualizing_Remembering_in_Medieval_Scandinavia">Memory, Mediality, and the ‘Performative Turn’: Recontextualizing Remembering in Medieval Scandinavia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4980214" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1ea77b4da8c99076ad266fdb41ea238" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32938067,"asset_id":4980214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32938067/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1219280" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell">Stephen Mitchell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1219280" type="text/json">{"id":1219280,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Mitchell","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"StephenMitchell","display_name":"Stephen Mitchell","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1219280/440400/546996/s65_stephen.mitchell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4980214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4980214"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4980214, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4980214", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4980214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4980214; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4980214"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4980214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4980214"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4980214; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4980214]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4980214").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4980214").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4980214"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2337" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies">Performance Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2337" type="text/json">{"id":2337,"name":"Performance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Collective_Memory">Social and Collective Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11455" type="text/json">{"id":11455,"name":"Social and Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Collective_Memory?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13950" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory">Collective Memory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13950" type="text/json">{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4980214]'), work: {"id":4980214,"title":"Memory, Mediality, and the ‘Performative Turn’: Recontextualizing Remembering in Medieval Scandinavia","created_at":"2013-11-03T18:18:09.959-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4980214/Memory_Mediality_and_the_Performative_Turn_Recontextualizing_Remembering_in_Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_4980214","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32938067,"asset_id":4980214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1219280,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Mitchell","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"StephenMitchell","display_name":"Stephen Mitchell","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/StephenMitchell?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1219280/440400/546996/s65_stephen.mitchell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2337,"name":"Performance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11455,"name":"Social and Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Collective_Memory?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":17892,"name":"Runestones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Runestones?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":289535,"name":"Mediality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediality?f_ri=70300"},{"id":523490,"name":"Old swedish literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_swedish_literature?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37191889" data-work_id="37191889" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37191889/Men_and_Masculinities_in_the_Sagas_of_Icelanders_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_2019_">Men and Masculinities in the Sagas of Icelanders (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This volume is the first book-length study of masculinities in the Sagas of Icelanders. Spanning the entire corpus of the Sagas of Icelanders—and taking into account a number of little-studied sagas as well as the more well-known works—it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37191889" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This volume is the first book-length study of masculinities in the Sagas of Icelanders. Spanning the entire corpus of the Sagas of Icelanders—and taking into account a number of little-studied sagas as well as the more well-known works—it comprehensively interrogates the construction, operation, and problematization of masculinities in this genre. <br /><br />Men and Masculinities in the Sagas of Icelanders elucidates the dominant model of masculinity that operates in the sagas, demonstrates how masculinities and masculine characters function within these texts, and investigates the means by which the sagas, and saga characters, may subvert masculine dominance. Combining close literary analysis with insights drawn from sociological theories of hegemonic and subordinated masculinities, notions of homosociality and performative gender, and psychoanalytic frameworks, the book brings to men and masculinities in saga literature the same scrutiny traditionally brought to the study of women and femininities. Ultimately, the volume demonstrates that masculinity is not simply glorified in the sagas, but is represented as being both inherently fragile and a burden to all characters, masculine and non-masculine alike.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37191889" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ad4e2391fe64a968a1614b4f99460b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59338317,"asset_id":37191889,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59338317/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2124456" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/GarethLloydEvans">Gareth Lloyd Evans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2124456" type="text/json">{"id":2124456,"first_name":"Gareth Lloyd","last_name":"Evans","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"GarethLloydEvans","display_name":"Gareth Lloyd Evans","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/GarethLloydEvans?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2124456/689738/3909475/s65_gareth_lloyd.evans.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37191889 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37191889"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37191889, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37191889", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37191889 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37191889; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37191889"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37191889 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37191889"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37191889; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37191889]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37191889").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37191889").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37191889"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2865" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity_Studies">Masculinity Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2865" type="text/json">{"id":2865,"name":"Masculinity Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13274" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinities">Masculinities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13274" type="text/json">{"id":13274,"name":"Masculinities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinities?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37191889]'), work: {"id":37191889,"title":"Men and Masculinities in the Sagas of Icelanders (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).","created_at":"2018-08-06T16:10:58.085-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37191889/Men_and_Masculinities_in_the_Sagas_of_Icelanders_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_2019_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_37191889","summary":"This volume is the first book-length study of masculinities in the Sagas of Icelanders. Spanning the entire corpus of the Sagas of Icelanders—and taking into account a number of little-studied sagas as well as the more well-known works—it comprehensively interrogates the construction, operation, and problematization of masculinities in this genre. \n\nMen and Masculinities in the Sagas of Icelanders elucidates the dominant model of masculinity that operates in the sagas, demonstrates how masculinities and masculine characters function within these texts, and investigates the means by which the sagas, and saga characters, may subvert masculine dominance. Combining close literary analysis with insights drawn from sociological theories of hegemonic and subordinated masculinities, notions of homosociality and performative gender, and psychoanalytic frameworks, the book brings to men and masculinities in saga literature the same scrutiny traditionally brought to the study of women and femininities. Ultimately, the volume demonstrates that masculinity is not simply glorified in the sagas, but is represented as being both inherently fragile and a burden to all characters, masculine and non-masculine alike.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59338317,"asset_id":37191889,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2124456,"first_name":"Gareth Lloyd","last_name":"Evans","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"GarethLloydEvans","display_name":"Gareth Lloyd Evans","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/GarethLloydEvans?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2124456/689738/3909475/s65_gareth_lloyd.evans.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2865,"name":"Masculinity Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":13274,"name":"Masculinities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinities?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":17236,"name":"Studies On Men And Masculinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Studies_On_Men_And_Masculinity?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":258909,"name":"Men and Masculinities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Men_and_Masculinities?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31091158" data-work_id="31091158" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31091158/_Island_Ein_mythologischer_F%C3%BChrer_M%C3%BCnchen_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Nordische_Philologie_Ludwig_Maximilians_Universit%C3%A4t_M%C3%BCnchen_in_Kommission_bei_BoD_Norderstedt_2017_332_S_">- Island. Ein mythologischer Führer. [München]: Institut für Nordische Philologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, in Kommission bei BoD, Norderstedt 2017. [332 S.]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Þórólfrgab derLandzungezwischendem Vigrafjordund Hofsvágr den Namen Þórsnes, "Thors Landzunge". Auf dieser Landzungebefindet sich ein Berg; fürd iesen Berg hatte Þórólfre ine so großeV erehrung, dass kein Mann ungewaschen seinen Blickd... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31091158" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Þórólfrgab derLandzungezwischendem Vigrafjordund Hofsvágr den Namen Þórsnes, "Thors Landzunge". Auf dieser Landzungebefindet sich ein Berg; fürd iesen Berg hatte Þórólfre ine so großeV erehrung, dass kein Mann ungewaschen seinen Blickd orthin richten sollte und manauf demBergnichts undniemandentötensollte, wederViehnoch Menschen, außerwennesselbstwegginge. Diesen Berg nannteerHelgafell,den "heiligen Berg", und glaubte, dasserdorthin gehenwürde,wenn er stirbt, undebensoalleseine Verwandten aufder Halbinsel. Die Eyrbyggja saga über Þórólfr Mostr-Bart,den ersten Landnehmerauf Þórsnesauf derHalbinselSnaefellsnes, und seinen heiligen Berg Helgafell.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31091158" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c72fe03e9da1c44e87d8f6c426d9919c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51526019,"asset_id":31091158,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51526019/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2678606" href="https://uni-frankfurt.academia.edu/MatthiasEgeler">Matthias Egeler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2678606" type="text/json">{"id":2678606,"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Egeler","domain_name":"uni-frankfurt","page_name":"MatthiasEgeler","display_name":"Matthias Egeler","profile_url":"https://uni-frankfurt.academia.edu/MatthiasEgeler?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2678606/854390/5240335/s65_matthias.egeler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31091158 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31091158"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31091158, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31091158", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31091158 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31091158; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31091158"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31091158 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31091158"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31091158; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31091158]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31091158").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31091158").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31091158"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Place_and_Identity">Place and Identity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2433" type="text/json">{"id":2433,"name":"Place and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Place_and_Identity?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3116" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place">Space and Place</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3116" type="text/json">{"id":3116,"name":"Space and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sense_of_Place">Sense of Place</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12200" type="text/json">{"id":12200,"name":"Sense of Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sense_of_Place?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31091158]'), work: {"id":31091158,"title":"- Island. Ein mythologischer Führer. [München]: Institut für Nordische Philologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, in Kommission bei BoD, Norderstedt 2017. [332 S.]","created_at":"2017-01-26T23:09:30.476-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31091158/_Island_Ein_mythologischer_F%C3%BChrer_M%C3%BCnchen_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Nordische_Philologie_Ludwig_Maximilians_Universit%C3%A4t_M%C3%BCnchen_in_Kommission_bei_BoD_Norderstedt_2017_332_S_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_31091158","summary":"Þórólfrgab derLandzungezwischendem Vigrafjordund Hofsvágr den Namen Þórsnes, \"Thors Landzunge\". Auf dieser Landzungebefindet sich ein Berg; fürd iesen Berg hatte Þórólfre ine so großeV erehrung, dass kein Mann ungewaschen seinen Blickd orthin richten sollte und manauf demBergnichts undniemandentötensollte, wederViehnoch Menschen, außerwennesselbstwegginge. Diesen Berg nannteerHelgafell,den \"heiligen Berg\", und glaubte, dasserdorthin gehenwürde,wenn er stirbt, undebensoalleseine Verwandten aufder Halbinsel. Die Eyrbyggja saga über Þórólfr Mostr-Bart,den ersten Landnehmerauf Þórsnesauf derHalbinselSnaefellsnes, und seinen heiligen Berg Helgafell.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51526019,"asset_id":31091158,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2678606,"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Egeler","domain_name":"uni-frankfurt","page_name":"MatthiasEgeler","display_name":"Matthias Egeler","profile_url":"https://uni-frankfurt.academia.edu/MatthiasEgeler?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2678606/854390/5240335/s65_matthias.egeler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2433,"name":"Place and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Place_and_Identity?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":3116,"name":"Space and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":12200,"name":"Sense of Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sense_of_Place?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":67111,"name":"Old Norse Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Philology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":83586,"name":"Norse Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_Archaeology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":138740,"name":"Space and Place in Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place_in_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":147038,"name":"Anglo Saxon, Celtic, and Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo_Saxon_Celtic_and_Norse?f_ri=70300"},{"id":151031,"name":"The reception of Old Norse Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_reception_of_Old_Norse_Myth?f_ri=70300"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":258184,"name":"Viking and Late Norse Archaeology and History in the North Atlantic Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_and_Late_Norse_Archaeology_and_History_in_the_North_Atlantic_Region?f_ri=70300"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":273472,"name":"Old Norse heroic saga and eddaic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_heroic_saga_and_eddaic_literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":297229,"name":"The Viking Age, Norse Mythology, The sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Viking_Age_Norse_Mythology_The_sagas?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16680931" data-work_id="16680931" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16680931/F%C4%ABfelcynnes_Eard_j%C3%A4ttar_och_andra_f%C3%B6rkristna_motiv_i_Beowulf_F%C4%ABfelcynnes_Eard_Giants_and_other_Pagan_Motifs_in_Beowulf_">'Fīfelcynnes Eard: jättar och andra förkristna motiv i Beowulf' ['Fīfelcynnes Eard: Giants and other Pagan Motifs in Beowulf']</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The author argues that tales in the Old English poem Beowulf have been passed down orally before being written down, and that the poem blends pagan and Christian elements. Some motifs from a pre-Christian past are still possible to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16680931" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The author argues that tales in the Old English poem Beowulf have been passed down orally before being written down, and that the poem blends pagan and Christian elements. Some motifs from a pre-Christian past are still possible to identify. It is argued that certain motifs in Beowulf can be compared with analogous motifs in Old Norse Mythology. The main focus is the descriptions of Grendel and his mother, both referred to with terms for giants such as Old English þyrs and eoten, related to Old Norse þurs and jǫtunn. The author compares general descriptions of giants in the poem and concludes that the poet makes sure to differ between Biblical giants and traditional giants. The latter group is not described as monsters; they have many elements in common with mythological giants known from Old Norse mythology, giants are also used as poetical metaphors in descriptions of enemies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16680931" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a9b7f14b29993bc3d06bb3a6049966b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47991414,"asset_id":16680931,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47991414/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="235976" href="https://sprakochfolkminnen.academia.edu/TommyKuusela">Tommy Kuusela</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="235976" type="text/json">{"id":235976,"first_name":"Tommy","last_name":"Kuusela","domain_name":"sprakochfolkminnen","page_name":"TommyKuusela","display_name":"Tommy Kuusela","profile_url":"https://sprakochfolkminnen.academia.edu/TommyKuusela?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/235976/51819/11256097/s65_tommy.kuusela.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16680931 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16680931"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16680931, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16680931", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16680931 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16680931; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16680931"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16680931 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16680931"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16680931; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16680931]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16680931").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16680931").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16680931"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2371" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies">Anglo-Saxon Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2371" type="text/json">{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beowulf">Beowulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17898" type="text/json">{"id":17898,"name":"Beowulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beowulf?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16680931]'), work: {"id":16680931,"title":"'Fīfelcynnes Eard: jättar och andra förkristna motiv i Beowulf' ['Fīfelcynnes Eard: Giants and other Pagan Motifs in Beowulf']","created_at":"2015-10-12T00:17:05.179-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16680931/F%C4%ABfelcynnes_Eard_j%C3%A4ttar_och_andra_f%C3%B6rkristna_motiv_i_Beowulf_F%C4%ABfelcynnes_Eard_Giants_and_other_Pagan_Motifs_in_Beowulf_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_16680931","summary":"The author argues that tales in the Old English poem Beowulf have been passed down orally before being written down, and that the poem blends pagan and Christian elements. Some motifs from a pre-Christian past are still possible to identify. It is argued that certain motifs in Beowulf can be compared with analogous motifs in Old Norse Mythology. The main focus is the descriptions of Grendel and his mother, both referred to with terms for giants such as Old English þyrs and eoten, related to Old Norse þurs and jǫtunn. The author compares general descriptions of giants in the poem and concludes that the poet makes sure to differ between Biblical giants and traditional giants. The latter group is not described as monsters; they have many elements in common with mythological giants known from Old Norse mythology, giants are also used as poetical metaphors in descriptions of enemies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47991414,"asset_id":16680931,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":235976,"first_name":"Tommy","last_name":"Kuusela","domain_name":"sprakochfolkminnen","page_name":"TommyKuusela","display_name":"Tommy Kuusela","profile_url":"https://sprakochfolkminnen.academia.edu/TommyKuusela?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/235976/51819/11256097/s65_tommy.kuusela.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":17898,"name":"Beowulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beowulf?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38126,"name":"Giants (Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Giants_Religion_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20293717" data-work_id="20293717" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20293717/Guido_von_List_e_la_tradizione_magico_religiosa_degli_Ariogermani">Guido von List e la tradizione magico-religiosa degli Ariogermani</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Guido von List (1848-1919) è stato uno studioso, poeta, giornalista, scrittore e alpinista tedesco. Il suo lavoro di ricerca sulle origini delle religioni pagane dell'antica Europa, e in particolar modo le sue intuizioni volte a decifrare... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20293717" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Guido von List (1848-1919) è stato uno studioso, poeta, giornalista, scrittore e alpinista tedesco. Il suo lavoro di ricerca sulle origini delle religioni pagane dell'antica Europa, e in particolar modo le sue intuizioni volte a decifrare i significati più esoterici dell'intero complesso mitico degli antichi popoli germanici, costituisce tuttora un'occasione imprescindibile per chiunque volesse approfondire l'argomento, al punto che  Marcello De Martino lo definisce "l'antesignano della teoria duméziliana" della tripartizione indoeuropea, nonché "l'esatto omologo di George Dumézil in ambito occultistico".</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20293717" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43c93edfd0ed0ead27410eb93f06d6ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41277576,"asset_id":20293717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41277576/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15945190" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/MarcoMaculotti">Marco Maculotti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15945190" type="text/json">{"id":15945190,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Maculotti","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"MarcoMaculotti","display_name":"Marco Maculotti","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/MarcoMaculotti?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15945190/4317956/12022452/s65_marco.maculotti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20293717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20293717"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20293717, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20293717", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20293717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20293717; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20293717"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20293717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20293717"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20293717; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20293717]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20293717").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20293717").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20293717"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="788" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology">Mythology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="788" type="text/json">{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20293717]'), work: {"id":20293717,"title":"Guido von List e la tradizione magico-religiosa degli Ariogermani","created_at":"2016-01-15T08:59:21.863-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20293717/Guido_von_List_e_la_tradizione_magico_religiosa_degli_Ariogermani?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_20293717","summary":"Guido von List (1848-1919) è stato uno studioso, poeta, giornalista, scrittore e alpinista tedesco. Il suo lavoro di ricerca sulle origini delle religioni pagane dell'antica Europa, e in particolar modo le sue intuizioni volte a decifrare i significati più esoterici dell'intero complesso mitico degli antichi popoli germanici, costituisce tuttora un'occasione imprescindibile per chiunque volesse approfondire l'argomento, al punto che Marcello De Martino lo definisce \"l'antesignano della teoria duméziliana\" della tripartizione indoeuropea, nonché \"l'esatto omologo di George Dumézil in ambito occultistico\".","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41277576,"asset_id":20293717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15945190,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Maculotti","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"MarcoMaculotti","display_name":"Marco Maculotti","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/MarcoMaculotti?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15945190/4317956/12022452/s65_marco.maculotti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":7092,"name":"Pagan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pagan_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=70300"},{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":11308,"name":"Paganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paganism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":19335,"name":"Ancient myth and religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_myth_and_religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":19990,"name":"Magic and the Occult (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic_and_the_Occult_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":24149,"name":"Occultism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occultism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28362,"name":"Classical Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":30248,"name":"Neo-Paganism and Western Esotericism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Paganism_and_Western_Esotericism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":51999,"name":"Occult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occult?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":111162,"name":"Paganism and Christianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paganism_and_Christianism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":132750,"name":"Occult Esoteric Magick Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occult_Esoteric_Magick_Spirituality?f_ri=70300"},{"id":134619,"name":"Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":147038,"name":"Anglo Saxon, Celtic, and Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo_Saxon_Celtic_and_Norse?f_ri=70300"},{"id":151031,"name":"The reception of Old Norse Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_reception_of_Old_Norse_Myth?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":273472,"name":"Old Norse heroic saga and eddaic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_heroic_saga_and_eddaic_literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":297229,"name":"The Viking Age, Norse Mythology, The sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Viking_Age_Norse_Mythology_The_sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":668313,"name":"Odinism, Asatru","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odinism_Asatru?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38882718" data-work_id="38882718" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38882718/Mitolojinin_Mu_zig_i_Music_of_Mythology_Amon_Amarth">Mitolojinin Müziği / Music of Mythology: Amon Amarth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Viking gemileri 9. yüzyılda o zamanki adıyla Konstantinopolis’e demir atmış, şehri istila etmek için dört bir taraftan saldırı gerçekleştirmişti. Viking askerleri, o dönem bu şehri almayı başaramadı ama günümüzde Viking kültürü dünyanın... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38882718" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Viking gemileri 9. yüzyılda o zamanki adıyla Konstantinopolis’e demir atmış, şehri istila etmek için dört bir taraftan saldırı gerçekleştirmişti. Viking askerleri, o dönem bu şehri almayı başaramadı ama günümüzde Viking kültürü dünyanın her yerinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hiç olmadığı kadar popüler. Thor gibi çizgi roman uyarlaması filmler ve Vikings gibi televizyon dizileriyle İskandinav mitolojisine ve Vikinglere duyulan ilgi her geçen gün büyüyor. Viking kültürünün müzik sahnesindeki elçiliğini ise Amon Amarth yapıyor. İsveçli grup şarkı sözlerinden sahne şovlarına kadar attıkları her adımda Viking kültürünü yaşatıyor.<br /><br />Uğur Kılınç “Mitolojinin Müziği” ana başlıklı bu kapsamlı araştırmasında heavy metal ve İskandinav Mitolojisinin tuhaf evliliğinden doğan melodilerin peşinden gidiyor. Şarkıların hikayelerini, mitolojiyle bağlantılarını inceliyor, satırların altındaki gizli anlamların izini bir dedektif gibi sürüyor. Yeri geliyor, Amon Amarth’ın vokalisti Johan Hegg’e kayıt cihazını uzatıyor, şarkı sözlerindeki mitolojik altyapıyı bizzat bu Viking cüsseli müzisyenden dinliyor, yeri geliyor, göstergebilimsel çözümleme yöntemiyle grubun diskografisini masaya yatırıyor. Mitolojinin Müziği kadar müziğin mitolojisini de ele alıyor yazar. Ses ve müziğin hikâyesini kabilelerin büyülerinden başlatıyor, notaların yolculuğunu dönemleştirerek irdeliyor ve günümüze uzanmasını hiçbir nüansı atlamadan başarıyla anlatıyor.<br /><br />Ve tabii konu Amon Amarth’a ve heavy metal’e gelince distortion pedalına basılıyor, elektro gitarlardan çığlıklar yükseliyor, davulun temposu artıyor. Hayatında ağır metal dinlemeyenlere Amon Amarth’ın müziğini son ses dinletebilecek bir araştırma metni bu. Vikinglerin İstanbul işgalini anlatan Varyags of Miklagaard şarkısı eşliğinde okursanız okyanusu ve denizleri aşarak boğaza demir atmış ejderha kafalı Viking gemilerini görebilirsiniz. Odin aşkına, merak etmeyin. Bu defa baltaları ve kalkanlarıyla değil, gitarları, davulları ve nefis hikâyeleriyle gelmiş olmalılar!<br /><br />- Doğu Yücel</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38882718" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36213c462ca4a344f4a9d072e8dd5148" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58980139,"asset_id":38882718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58980139/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72941527" href="https://omu.academia.edu/U%C4%9FurK%C4%B1l%C4%B1n%C3%A7">Uğur Kılınç</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72941527" type="text/json">{"id":72941527,"first_name":"Uğur","last_name":"Kılınç","domain_name":"omu","page_name":"UğurKılınç","display_name":"Uğur Kılınç","profile_url":"https://omu.academia.edu/U%C4%9FurK%C4%B1l%C4%B1n%C3%A7?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72941527/18647348/65569897/s65_u_ur.k_l_n_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38882718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38882718"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38882718, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38882718", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38882718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38882718; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38882718"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38882718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38882718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38882718; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38882718]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38882718").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38882718").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38882718"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Semiotics">Cultural Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3903" type="text/json">{"id":3903,"name":"Cultural Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Semiotics?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38882718]'), work: {"id":38882718,"title":"Mitolojinin Müziği / Music of Mythology: Amon Amarth","created_at":"2019-04-21T10:41:20.194-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38882718/Mitolojinin_Mu_zig_i_Music_of_Mythology_Amon_Amarth?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_38882718","summary":"Viking gemileri 9. yüzyılda o zamanki adıyla Konstantinopolis’e demir atmış, şehri istila etmek için dört bir taraftan saldırı gerçekleştirmişti. Viking askerleri, o dönem bu şehri almayı başaramadı ama günümüzde Viking kültürü dünyanın her yerinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hiç olmadığı kadar popüler. Thor gibi çizgi roman uyarlaması filmler ve Vikings gibi televizyon dizileriyle İskandinav mitolojisine ve Vikinglere duyulan ilgi her geçen gün büyüyor. Viking kültürünün müzik sahnesindeki elçiliğini ise Amon Amarth yapıyor. İsveçli grup şarkı sözlerinden sahne şovlarına kadar attıkları her adımda Viking kültürünü yaşatıyor.\n\nUğur Kılınç “Mitolojinin Müziği” ana başlıklı bu kapsamlı araştırmasında heavy metal ve İskandinav Mitolojisinin tuhaf evliliğinden doğan melodilerin peşinden gidiyor. Şarkıların hikayelerini, mitolojiyle bağlantılarını inceliyor, satırların altındaki gizli anlamların izini bir dedektif gibi sürüyor. Yeri geliyor, Amon Amarth’ın vokalisti Johan Hegg’e kayıt cihazını uzatıyor, şarkı sözlerindeki mitolojik altyapıyı bizzat bu Viking cüsseli müzisyenden dinliyor, yeri geliyor, göstergebilimsel çözümleme yöntemiyle grubun diskografisini masaya yatırıyor. Mitolojinin Müziği kadar müziğin mitolojisini de ele alıyor yazar. Ses ve müziğin hikâyesini kabilelerin büyülerinden başlatıyor, notaların yolculuğunu dönemleştirerek irdeliyor ve günümüze uzanmasını hiçbir nüansı atlamadan başarıyla anlatıyor.\n\nVe tabii konu Amon Amarth’a ve heavy metal’e gelince distortion pedalına basılıyor, elektro gitarlardan çığlıklar yükseliyor, davulun temposu artıyor. Hayatında ağır metal dinlemeyenlere Amon Amarth’ın müziğini son ses dinletebilecek bir araştırma metni bu. Vikinglerin İstanbul işgalini anlatan Varyags of Miklagaard şarkısı eşliğinde okursanız okyanusu ve denizleri aşarak boğaza demir atmış ejderha kafalı Viking gemilerini görebilirsiniz. Odin aşkına, merak etmeyin. Bu defa baltaları ve kalkanlarıyla değil, gitarları, davulları ve nefis hikâyeleriyle gelmiş olmalılar!\n\n- Doğu Yücel","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58980139,"asset_id":38882718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72941527,"first_name":"Uğur","last_name":"Kılınç","domain_name":"omu","page_name":"UğurKılınç","display_name":"Uğur Kılınç","profile_url":"https://omu.academia.edu/U%C4%9FurK%C4%B1l%C4%B1n%C3%A7?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72941527/18647348/65569897/s65_u_ur.k_l_n_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":3903,"name":"Cultural Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Semiotics?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":132073,"name":"Göstergebilim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G%C3%B6stergebilim?f_ri=70300"},{"id":178885,"name":"Heavy Metal Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metal_Music?f_ri=70300"},{"id":410875,"name":"Mitoloji","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitoloji?f_ri=70300"},{"id":634006,"name":"Metal Music Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Music_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":3039836,"name":"İskandinav Mitolojisi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C4%B0skandinav_Mitolojisi?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28522852" data-work_id="28522852" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28522852/Arany_T%C5%B1z_%C3%A9s_V%C3%A9r_Bern%C3%A1th_Istv%C3%A1n_ford_V%C3%B6lsunga_saga_A_V%C3%B6lsungok_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nete">Arany, Tűz és Vér – Bernáth István (ford.): Völsunga saga. A Völsungok története</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Book review of the first title of the Fontes Boreales Series, the Völsunga Saga in István Bernáth's translation. Vallástudományi Szemle (2016/1)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28522852" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eaafb5442f3154bb38a51ee139c55812" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48875066,"asset_id":28522852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48875066/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9604626" href="https://elte.academia.edu/D%C3%A1vidVeress">Dávid Veress</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9604626" type="text/json">{"id":9604626,"first_name":"Dávid","last_name":"Veress","domain_name":"elte","page_name":"DávidVeress","display_name":"Dávid Veress","profile_url":"https://elte.academia.edu/D%C3%A1vidVeress?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9604626/3271050/37972405/s65_d_vid.veress.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28522852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28522852"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28522852, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28522852", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28522852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28522852; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28522852"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28522852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28522852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28522852; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28522852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28522852").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28522852").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28522852"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22355" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies">Scandinavian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22355" type="text/json">{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature">Medieval Icelandic Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35636" type="text/json">{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28522852]'), work: {"id":28522852,"title":"Arany, Tűz és Vér – Bernáth István (ford.): Völsunga saga. A Völsungok története","created_at":"2016-09-16T00:22:24.461-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28522852/Arany_T%C5%B1z_%C3%A9s_V%C3%A9r_Bern%C3%A1th_Istv%C3%A1n_ford_V%C3%B6lsunga_saga_A_V%C3%B6lsungok_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nete?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_28522852","summary":"Book review of the first title of the Fontes Boreales Series, the Völsunga Saga in István Bernáth's translation. Vallástudományi Szemle (2016/1)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48875066,"asset_id":28522852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9604626,"first_name":"Dávid","last_name":"Veress","domain_name":"elte","page_name":"DávidVeress","display_name":"Dávid Veress","profile_url":"https://elte.academia.edu/D%C3%A1vidVeress?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9604626/3271050/37972405/s65_d_vid.veress.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33748250" data-work_id="33748250" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33748250/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_Under_Fly_of_Victory_King_Sverrir_and_his_Standard">Под Мухой Победы: Конунг Сверрир и его знамя / Under Fly of Victory. King Sverrir and his Standard</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Under Fly of Victory. King Sverrir and his Standard Battle flag of the Norwegian King Sverrir, under which his supporters fought many times, was called ‘Fly of Victory’ (Sigrfluga), looking – to put it mildly – exotic even against the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33748250" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Under Fly of Victory. King Sverrir and his Standard<br /> Battle flag of the Norwegian King Sverrir, under which his supporters fought many times, was called ‘Fly of Victory’ (Sigrfluga), looking – to put it mildly – exotic even against the nontrivial names of weapons, ships and other military artefacts, known to us from sagas. The paper deals with the question of what could have been depicted on the banner with such an obscure name and the reasons of this choice for the insignia. Traditionally, the term Sigrfluga was considered by scholars as but a kenning of raven or eagle, but this explanation seems not entirely convincing. We attempt to provide an alternative interpretation of the its meaning and origin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33748250" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="238879aee56a290f7669b2604c40e866" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53740242,"asset_id":33748250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53740242/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="146685" href="https://ruslang.academia.edu/FjodorUspenskij">Fjodor Uspenskij</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="146685" type="text/json">{"id":146685,"first_name":"Fjodor","last_name":"Uspenskij","domain_name":"ruslang","page_name":"FjodorUspenskij","display_name":"Fjodor Uspenskij","profile_url":"https://ruslang.academia.edu/FjodorUspenskij?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146685/38770/8776777/s65_fjodor.uspenskij.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33748250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33748250"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33748250, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33748250", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33748250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33748250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33748250"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33748250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33748250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33748250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33748250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33748250").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33748250").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33748250"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33748250]'), work: {"id":33748250,"title":"Под Мухой Победы: Конунг Сверрир и его знамя / Under Fly of Victory. King Sverrir and his Standard","created_at":"2017-07-03T02:45:58.976-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33748250/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_Under_Fly_of_Victory_King_Sverrir_and_his_Standard?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_33748250","summary":"Under Fly of Victory. King Sverrir and his Standard\n Battle flag of the Norwegian King Sverrir, under which his supporters fought many times, was called ‘Fly of Victory’ (Sigrfluga), looking – to put it mildly – exotic even against the nontrivial names of weapons, ships and other military artefacts, known to us from sagas. The paper deals with the question of what could have been depicted on the banner with such an obscure name and the reasons of this choice for the insignia. Traditionally, the term Sigrfluga was considered by scholars as but a kenning of raven or eagle, but this explanation seems not entirely convincing. We attempt to provide an alternative interpretation of the its meaning and origin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53740242,"asset_id":33748250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":146685,"first_name":"Fjodor","last_name":"Uspenskij","domain_name":"ruslang","page_name":"FjodorUspenskij","display_name":"Fjodor Uspenskij","profile_url":"https://ruslang.academia.edu/FjodorUspenskij?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146685/38770/8776777/s65_fjodor.uspenskij.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":3903,"name":"Cultural Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Semiotics?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4399,"name":"Visual Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Semiotics?f_ri=70300"},{"id":7370,"name":"Symbolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbolism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":9288,"name":"Medieval Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":11908,"name":"Old Norse Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Language?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18251,"name":"Kings´ Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kings_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":23177,"name":"Norwegian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norwegian_History?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":99015,"name":"Medieval Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Norway?f_ri=70300"},{"id":108906,"name":"Historia Medieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Medieval?f_ri=70300"},{"id":137020,"name":"Semiotica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotica?f_ri=70300"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":300344,"name":"Norwegian Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norwegian_Language?f_ri=70300"},{"id":728918,"name":"Sverris Saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sverris_Saga?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28785579" data-work_id="28785579" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28785579/Ultima_Thule_in_West_European_and_Icelandic_Traditions_In_Northern_Studies_The_Journal_of_the_Scottish_Society_for_Northern_Studies_Vol_39_2005_Pp_12_24">Ultima Thule in West European and Icelandic Traditions. In Northern Studies. The Journal of the Scottish Society for Northern Studies. Vol. 39. 2005. Pp. 12–24.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper deals with Ultima Thule, an island in the Atlantic ocean, first mentioned by a Greek traveler Pytheas ca. 320 BC. Having once originated as a materialization of a human idea of an utmost northern edge of the habitable world,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28785579" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper deals with Ultima Thule, an island in the Atlantic ocean, first mentioned by a Greek traveler Pytheas ca. 320 BC. Having once originated as a materialization of a human idea of an utmost northern edge of the habitable world, Ultima Thule continued inevitably, with the increase of geographical knowledge, ‘moving’ northwards. It has already been demonstrated in scholarly literature that ‘textually, at least, the island was not firmly anchored’. My point here is that in the late ninth century, with the discovery and settlement of Iceland by the Norwegians, this mythical land coincided for some time with the real island. This identification, however, soon lost its validity in West European geographical literature, what was a result of the discovery of new lands lying still further to the north (such as Greenland), the development of a concept of the world being a globe, and a confusion, through the latter, of Thule (Tile) in the North Atlantic with Tilos insula (Bahrain island) in the Persian Gulf. The only exception of this general tendency, no matter how inconceivable it might seem, one finds in the Icelandic sagas and other Old Norse sources (chronicles and annals) where Island and Ultima Thule were identified as long as till the fourteenth century. An explanation to this phenomenon lies in the traditional character of the Icelandic culture in general.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28785579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b470a56a45f8a52e4d420c8584c2c8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49204338,"asset_id":28785579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49204338/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="753058" href="https://igh.academia.edu/TatjanaJackson">Tatjana Jackson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="753058" type="text/json">{"id":753058,"first_name":"Tatjana","last_name":"Jackson","domain_name":"igh","page_name":"TatjanaJackson","display_name":"Tatjana Jackson","profile_url":"https://igh.academia.edu/TatjanaJackson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/753058/255884/302437/s65_tatjana.jackson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28785579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28785579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28785579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28785579", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28785579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28785579; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28785579"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28785579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28785579"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28785579; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28785579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28785579").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28785579").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28785579"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66338" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Imagery">Mental Imagery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66338" type="text/json">{"id":66338,"name":"Mental Imagery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Imagery?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">Old Norse literature and culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70300" type="text/json">{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="517291" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Mapping">Mental Mapping</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="517291" type="text/json">{"id":517291,"name":"Mental Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Mapping?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28785579]'), work: {"id":28785579,"title":"Ultima Thule in West European and Icelandic Traditions. In Northern Studies. The Journal of the Scottish Society for Northern Studies. Vol. 39. 2005. Pp. 12–24.","created_at":"2016-09-29T01:37:23.489-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28785579/Ultima_Thule_in_West_European_and_Icelandic_Traditions_In_Northern_Studies_The_Journal_of_the_Scottish_Society_for_Northern_Studies_Vol_39_2005_Pp_12_24?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_28785579","summary":"The paper deals with Ultima Thule, an island in the Atlantic ocean, first mentioned by a Greek traveler Pytheas ca. 320 BC. Having once originated as a materialization of a human idea of an utmost northern edge of the habitable world, Ultima Thule continued inevitably, with the increase of geographical knowledge, ‘moving’ northwards. It has already been demonstrated in scholarly literature that ‘textually, at least, the island was not firmly anchored’. My point here is that in the late ninth century, with the discovery and settlement of Iceland by the Norwegians, this mythical land coincided for some time with the real island. This identification, however, soon lost its validity in West European geographical literature, what was a result of the discovery of new lands lying still further to the north (such as Greenland), the development of a concept of the world being a globe, and a confusion, through the latter, of Thule (Tile) in the North Atlantic with Tilos insula (Bahrain island) in the Persian Gulf. The only exception of this general tendency, no matter how inconceivable it might seem, one finds in the Icelandic sagas and other Old Norse sources (chronicles and annals) where Island and Ultima Thule were identified as long as till the fourteenth century. An explanation to this phenomenon lies in the traditional character of the Icelandic culture in general. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49204338,"asset_id":28785579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":753058,"first_name":"Tatjana","last_name":"Jackson","domain_name":"igh","page_name":"TatjanaJackson","display_name":"Tatjana Jackson","profile_url":"https://igh.academia.edu/TatjanaJackson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/753058/255884/302437/s65_tatjana.jackson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":66338,"name":"Mental Imagery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Imagery?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":517291,"name":"Mental Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Mapping?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14712863" data-work_id="14712863" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14712863/_Skarph%C3%A9%C3%B0inn_talar_Tilvistarlegt_tv%C3%ADs%C3%A6i_%C3%AD_mi%C3%B0aldas%C3%B6gum_Riti%C3%B0_15_1_2015_9_27">„Skarphéðinn talar: Tilvistarlegt tvísæi í miðaldasögum,“ Ritið 15.1 (2015), 9–27.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14712863" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0525f27b4615147e8e87a732081cfb3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51303693,"asset_id":14712863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51303693/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1183037" href="https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson">Ármann Jakobsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1183037" type="text/json">{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14712863 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14712863"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14712863, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14712863", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14712863 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14712863; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14712863"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14712863 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14712863"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14712863; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14712863]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14712863").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14712863").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14712863"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature">Comparative Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="659" type="text/json">{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2107" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comedy">Comedy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2107" type="text/json">{"id":2107,"name":"Comedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comedy?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14712863]'), work: {"id":14712863,"title":"„Skarphéðinn talar: Tilvistarlegt tvísæi í miðaldasögum,“ Ritið 15.1 (2015), 9–27.","created_at":"2015-08-06T05:06:43.613-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14712863/_Skarph%C3%A9%C3%B0inn_talar_Tilvistarlegt_tv%C3%ADs%C3%A6i_%C3%AD_mi%C3%B0aldas%C3%B6gum_Riti%C3%B0_15_1_2015_9_27?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_14712863","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51303693,"asset_id":14712863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1183037,"first_name":"Ármann","last_name":"Jakobsson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"ÁrmannJakobsson","display_name":"Ármann Jakobsson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/%C3%81rmannJakobsson?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1183037/425349/55024726/s65__rmann.jakobsson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2107,"name":"Comedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comedy?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":3041,"name":"Humor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humor?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":34517,"name":"Satire \u0026 Irony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Satire_and_Irony?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":44848,"name":"Verbal Irony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Verbal_Irony?f_ri=70300"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=70300"},{"id":52765,"name":"Humor and Sarcasm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humor_and_Sarcasm?f_ri=70300"},{"id":67525,"name":"Existentialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Existentialism?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":102744,"name":"Ambiguity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambiguity?f_ri=70300"},{"id":110988,"name":"Irony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irony?f_ri=70300"},{"id":242104,"name":"Ironia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ironia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":436434,"name":"Characters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Characters?f_ri=70300"},{"id":479934,"name":"Sarcasm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sarcasm?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29138369" data-work_id="29138369" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29138369/Translating_Ancient_Texts_into_Modern_Standardized_Languages_Some_Considerations">Translating Ancient Texts into Modern Standardized Languages: Some Considerations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A brief talk about the problems translators of ancient texts encounter in their work, delivered at a seminar devoted to the translation of the Poetic Edda held at the National Library of Latvia in Riga, November 2015.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29138369" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dd96964aad548c7b36949e532e69177c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49585421,"asset_id":29138369,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49585421/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9341935" href="https://nknu.academia.edu/AurelijusVij%C5%ABnas">Aurelijus Vijūnas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9341935" type="text/json">{"id":9341935,"first_name":"Aurelijus","last_name":"Vijūnas","domain_name":"nknu","page_name":"AurelijusVijūnas","display_name":"Aurelijus Vijūnas","profile_url":"https://nknu.academia.edu/AurelijusVij%C5%ABnas?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9341935/2986627/165001826/s65_aurelijus.vij_nas.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29138369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29138369"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29138369, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29138369", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29138369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29138369; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29138369"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29138369 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29138369"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29138369; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29138369]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29138369").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29138369").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29138369"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies">Translation Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1186" type="text/json">{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29138369]'), work: {"id":29138369,"title":"Translating Ancient Texts into Modern Standardized Languages: Some Considerations","created_at":"2016-10-13T19:05:28.749-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29138369/Translating_Ancient_Texts_into_Modern_Standardized_Languages_Some_Considerations?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_29138369","summary":"A brief talk about the problems translators of ancient texts encounter in their work, delivered at a seminar devoted to the translation of the Poetic Edda held at the National Library of Latvia in Riga, November 2015.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49585421,"asset_id":29138369,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9341935,"first_name":"Aurelijus","last_name":"Vijūnas","domain_name":"nknu","page_name":"AurelijusVijūnas","display_name":"Aurelijus Vijūnas","profile_url":"https://nknu.academia.edu/AurelijusVij%C5%ABnas?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9341935/2986627/165001826/s65_aurelijus.vij_nas.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12660199" data-work_id="12660199" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12660199/Are_Trolls_Bears_and_S%C3%A1mis_People_too_Considering_the_Mythic_Ethnography_of_Old_Norse_Culture">Are Trolls, Bears and Sámis People too? – Considering the Mythic Ethnography of Old Norse Culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12660199" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c9402c8618f2332d4f5dd98f467f96d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37766447,"asset_id":12660199,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37766447/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4502198" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog">Mr Frog</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4502198" type="text/json">{"id":4502198,"first_name":"Mr","last_name":"Frog","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"MrFrog","display_name":"Mr Frog","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4502198/1868426/2218707/s65_mr.frog.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12660199 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12660199"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12660199, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12660199", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12660199 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12660199; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12660199"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12660199 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12660199"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12660199; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12660199]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12660199").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12660199").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12660199"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="787" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore">Folklore</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="787" type="text/json">{"id":787,"name":"Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12660199]'), work: {"id":12660199,"title":"Are Trolls, Bears and Sámis People too? – Considering the Mythic Ethnography of Old Norse Culture","created_at":"2015-05-28T20:40:38.202-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12660199/Are_Trolls_Bears_and_S%C3%A1mis_People_too_Considering_the_Mythic_Ethnography_of_Old_Norse_Culture?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_12660199","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37766447,"asset_id":12660199,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4502198,"first_name":"Mr","last_name":"Frog","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"MrFrog","display_name":"Mr Frog","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4502198/1868426/2218707/s65_mr.frog.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":787,"name":"Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":805,"name":"Ontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":9439,"name":"Folk legends","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folk_legends?f_ri=70300"},{"id":10336,"name":"Ethnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18866,"name":"Beliefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beliefs?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28976,"name":"Norse mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norse_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=70300"},{"id":58833,"name":"Motifs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motifs?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":215768,"name":"Supernatural Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supernatural_Folklore?f_ri=70300"},{"id":217467,"name":"Enthnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enthnography?f_ri=70300"},{"id":257633,"name":"Folkloristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folkloristics?f_ri=70300"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":653017,"name":"Retrospective Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Methodology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":857654,"name":"Retrospective Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Methods?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13227953" data-work_id="13227953" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13227953/Problems_in_Mythological_Reconstruction_Thor_Thrym_and_the_Story_of_the_Hammer_over_the_Course_of_Time">Problems in Mythological Reconstruction: Thor, Thrym, and the Story of the Hammer over the Course of Time</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">a comparative study of the transmission of the ancient myth about Thor's hammer in medieval Scandinavian literature</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13227953" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f85290b7cfc59b8781994469cb93c62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37987165,"asset_id":13227953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37987165/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9341935" href="https://nknu.academia.edu/AurelijusVij%C5%ABnas">Aurelijus Vijūnas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9341935" type="text/json">{"id":9341935,"first_name":"Aurelijus","last_name":"Vijūnas","domain_name":"nknu","page_name":"AurelijusVijūnas","display_name":"Aurelijus Vijūnas","profile_url":"https://nknu.academia.edu/AurelijusVij%C5%ABnas?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9341935/2986627/165001826/s65_aurelijus.vij_nas.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13227953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13227953"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13227953, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13227953", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13227953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13227953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13227953"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13227953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13227953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13227953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13227953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13227953").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13227953").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13227953"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18256" type="text/json">{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22355" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies">Scandinavian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22355" type="text/json">{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13227953]'), work: {"id":13227953,"title":"Problems in Mythological Reconstruction: Thor, Thrym, and the Story of the Hammer over the Course of Time","created_at":"2015-06-23T17:41:36.238-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13227953/Problems_in_Mythological_Reconstruction_Thor_Thrym_and_the_Story_of_the_Hammer_over_the_Course_of_Time?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_13227953","summary":"a comparative study of the transmission of the ancient myth about Thor's hammer in medieval Scandinavian literature ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37987165,"asset_id":13227953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9341935,"first_name":"Aurelijus","last_name":"Vijūnas","domain_name":"nknu","page_name":"AurelijusVijūnas","display_name":"Aurelijus Vijūnas","profile_url":"https://nknu.academia.edu/AurelijusVij%C5%ABnas?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9341935/2986627/165001826/s65_aurelijus.vij_nas.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":51647,"name":"Scandinavian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":740628,"name":"Scandinavian Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Mythology?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12427157" data-work_id="12427157" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12427157/O_Livreto_da_arte_da_cozedura_Libellus_de_arte_coquinaria_c_1300_com_base_no_Ms_Royal_Irish_Academy_23_D_43_Ms_D_c_1470_apresenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_breves_coment%C3%A1rios_sobre_a_alimenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_na_Escandin%C3%A1via_medieval">O Livreto da arte da cozedura (Libellus de arte coquinaria, c.1300) com base no Ms. Royal Irish Academy 23 D 43 (Ms. D, c.1470): apresentação e breves comentários sobre a alimentação na Escandinávia medieval</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Revista Contextos da Alimentação: Comportamento, cultura e sociedade, Vol. 4, nr. 1, ano 2015 (no prelo). ISSN: 2238-4200.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12427157" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24799d35db269c9c8b2e20a6229498bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37660153,"asset_id":12427157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37660153/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="373496" href="https://upe.academia.edu/rbirro">Renan M. Birro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="373496" type="text/json">{"id":373496,"first_name":"Renan M.","last_name":"Birro","domain_name":"upe","page_name":"rbirro","display_name":"Renan M. Birro","profile_url":"https://upe.academia.edu/rbirro?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/373496/115239/21240756/s65_renan_m..birro.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12427157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12427157"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12427157, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12427157", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12427157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12427157; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12427157"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12427157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12427157"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12427157; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12427157]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12427157").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12427157").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12427157"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6858" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History">Food History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6858" type="text/json">{"id":6858,"name":"Food History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11908" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Language">Old Norse Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11908" type="text/json">{"id":11908,"name":"Old Norse Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Language?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53936" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Food">History of Food</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53936" type="text/json">{"id":53936,"name":"History of Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Food?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12427157]'), work: {"id":12427157,"title":"O Livreto da arte da cozedura (Libellus de arte coquinaria, c.1300) com base no Ms. Royal Irish Academy 23 D 43 (Ms. D, c.1470): apresentação e breves comentários sobre a alimentação na Escandinávia medieval","created_at":"2015-05-17T12:30:30.004-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12427157/O_Livreto_da_arte_da_cozedura_Libellus_de_arte_coquinaria_c_1300_com_base_no_Ms_Royal_Irish_Academy_23_D_43_Ms_D_c_1470_apresenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_breves_coment%C3%A1rios_sobre_a_alimenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_na_Escandin%C3%A1via_medieval?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_12427157","summary":"Revista Contextos da Alimentação: Comportamento, cultura e sociedade, Vol. 4, nr. 1, ano 2015 (no prelo). ISSN: 2238-4200.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37660153,"asset_id":12427157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":373496,"first_name":"Renan M.","last_name":"Birro","domain_name":"upe","page_name":"rbirro","display_name":"Renan M. Birro","profile_url":"https://upe.academia.edu/rbirro?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/373496/115239/21240756/s65_renan_m..birro.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":6858,"name":"Food History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11908,"name":"Old Norse Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Language?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":53936,"name":"History of Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Food?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44061785" data-work_id="44061785" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44061785/El_MITO_DEL_VAREGO_EN_EL_ROMANTICISMO_RUSO_%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%AC_%D0%9E_%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A9%D0%95%D0%9C_%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%93%D0%95_EL_CANTAR_DE_OLEG_EL_PREVISOR_DE_ALEKSANDR_S_PUSHKIN_1822_">El MITO DEL VAREGO EN EL ROMANTICISMO RUSO:ПЕСНЬ О ВЕЩЕМ ОЛЕГЕ (EL CANTAR DE OLEG EL PREVISOR),DE ALEKSANDR S. PUSHKIN (1822)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resumen: El Cantar de Oleg el Previsor es uno de los poemas más conocidos de Aleksandr S. Pushkin (1799-1837), el poeta nacional ruso por excelencia que se enmarca dentro del romanticismo ruso. En 1822 escribe el Cantar como parte de una... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44061785" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen: El Cantar de Oleg el Previsor es uno de los poemas más conocidos de Aleksandr S. Pushkin (1799-1837), el poeta nacional ruso por excelencia que se enmarca dentro del romanticismo ruso. En 1822 escribe el Cantar como parte de una serie de baladas de tema histórico dedicadas a los gobernantes del primer estado eslavo oriental, la Rus᾿ de Kiev (ss. IX-X): los príncipes pertenecientes a la dinastía de los riuríkidas, de origen escandinavo. En el Cantar desarrolla el motivo de la muerte de Oleg, leyenda que ya recoge la Crónica Primaria (s. XII), y que tendría su origen en el folclore de transmisión oral, ya sea de procedencia escandinava u oriental. Palabras clave: Romanticismo ruso, Aleksandr Pushkin, Rus᾿ de Kiev, Príncipe Oleg de Kiev, Saga de Örvar Oddr. Abstract: The Song of Oleg the Prescient is one of the most famous poems of Aleksandr S. Pushkin (1799-1837), the quintessential Russian national poet who is classified as belonging to the Russian Romanticism. In 1822 he wrote the Song as part of a series of ballads of historical subject devoted to the rulers of first East Slavic state, the Kievan Rus᾿ (9 th-10 th c.): the princes belonging to the riurikid dinasty, of Scandinavian origin. In the Song he develops the motive of prince Oleg᾿s death, a legend that was gathered already by the Primary Chronicle (12 th c.), and that would have its origin in the oral folklore, either of Scandinavian or oriental origin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44061785" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a1f969d64f76d16f19b3b9009027a69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64404538,"asset_id":44061785,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64404538/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2821859" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/EnriqueSantosMarinas">Enrique Santos Marinas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2821859" type="text/json">{"id":2821859,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Santos Marinas","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"EnriqueSantosMarinas","display_name":"Enrique Santos Marinas","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/EnriqueSantosMarinas?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2821859/922587/19779978/s65_enrique.santos_marinas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44061785 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44061785"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44061785, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44061785", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44061785 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44061785; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44061785"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44061785 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44061785"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44061785; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44061785]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44061785").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44061785").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44061785"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="667" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Literature">Russian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="667" type="text/json">{"id":667,"name":"Russian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History">Russian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15455" type="text/json">{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44061785]'), work: {"id":44061785,"title":"El MITO DEL VAREGO EN EL ROMANTICISMO RUSO:ПЕСНЬ О ВЕЩЕМ ОЛЕГЕ (EL CANTAR DE OLEG EL PREVISOR),DE ALEKSANDR S. PUSHKIN (1822)","created_at":"2020-09-10T15:14:44.192-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44061785/El_MITO_DEL_VAREGO_EN_EL_ROMANTICISMO_RUSO_%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%AC_%D0%9E_%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A9%D0%95%D0%9C_%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%93%D0%95_EL_CANTAR_DE_OLEG_EL_PREVISOR_DE_ALEKSANDR_S_PUSHKIN_1822_?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_44061785","summary":"Resumen: El Cantar de Oleg el Previsor es uno de los poemas más conocidos de Aleksandr S. Pushkin (1799-1837), el poeta nacional ruso por excelencia que se enmarca dentro del romanticismo ruso. En 1822 escribe el Cantar como parte de una serie de baladas de tema histórico dedicadas a los gobernantes del primer estado eslavo oriental, la Rus᾿ de Kiev (ss. IX-X): los príncipes pertenecientes a la dinastía de los riuríkidas, de origen escandinavo. En el Cantar desarrolla el motivo de la muerte de Oleg, leyenda que ya recoge la Crónica Primaria (s. XII), y que tendría su origen en el folclore de transmisión oral, ya sea de procedencia escandinava u oriental. Palabras clave: Romanticismo ruso, Aleksandr Pushkin, Rus᾿ de Kiev, Príncipe Oleg de Kiev, Saga de Örvar Oddr. Abstract: The Song of Oleg the Prescient is one of the most famous poems of Aleksandr S. Pushkin (1799-1837), the quintessential Russian national poet who is classified as belonging to the Russian Romanticism. In 1822 he wrote the Song as part of a series of ballads of historical subject devoted to the rulers of first East Slavic state, the Kievan Rus᾿ (9 th-10 th c.): the princes belonging to the riurikid dinasty, of Scandinavian origin. In the Song he develops the motive of prince Oleg᾿s death, a legend that was gathered already by the Primary Chronicle (12 th c.), and that would have its origin in the oral folklore, either of Scandinavian or oriental origin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64404538,"asset_id":44061785,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2821859,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Santos Marinas","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"EnriqueSantosMarinas","display_name":"Enrique Santos Marinas","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/EnriqueSantosMarinas?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2821859/922587/19779978/s65_enrique.santos_marinas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":667,"name":"Russian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":25750,"name":"Pushkin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pushkin?f_ri=70300"},{"id":30060,"name":"Alexander Pushkin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alexander_Pushkin?f_ri=70300"},{"id":36772,"name":"19th Century Russian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_Russian_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":230750,"name":"Medieval Slavic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Slavic_literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":282259,"name":"Slavic Languages and Literatures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic_Languages_and_Literatures?f_ri=70300"},{"id":310720,"name":"Vikings in the East, Varangians, Old Rus'","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_East_Varangians_Old_Rus?f_ri=70300"},{"id":398870,"name":"Varangians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Varangians?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2084173" data-work_id="2084173" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2084173/Poetin%C4%97_Eda_k%C4%85_%C5%BEyn%C4%97_pasak%C4%97_Odinui">Poetinė Eda: ką žynė pasakė Odinui?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2084173" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76e40ed637d85b5ddd1e1cf5abd4ce8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30023943,"asset_id":2084173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30023943/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2306111" href="https://hvl-no.academia.edu/UgniusMiku%C4%8Dionis">Ugnius V Mikučionis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2306111" type="text/json">{"id":2306111,"first_name":"Ugnius","last_name":"Mikučionis","domain_name":"hvl-no","page_name":"UgniusMikučionis","display_name":"Ugnius V Mikučionis","profile_url":"https://hvl-no.academia.edu/UgniusMiku%C4%8Dionis?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2306111/730653/1098698/s65_ugnius.miku_ionis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2084173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2084173"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2084173, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2084173", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2084173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2084173; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2084173"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2084173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2084173"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2084173; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2084173]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2084173").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2084173").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2084173"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35634" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse">Old Norse</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35634" type="text/json">{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture">Old Norse literature and culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70300" type="text/json">{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2084173]'), work: {"id":2084173,"title":"Poetinė Eda: ką žynė pasakė Odinui?","created_at":"2012-11-03T06:50:04.439-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2084173/Poetin%C4%97_Eda_k%C4%85_%C5%BEyn%C4%97_pasak%C4%97_Odinui?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_2084173","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30023943,"asset_id":2084173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2306111,"first_name":"Ugnius","last_name":"Mikučionis","domain_name":"hvl-no","page_name":"UgniusMikučionis","display_name":"Ugnius V Mikučionis","profile_url":"https://hvl-no.academia.edu/UgniusMiku%C4%8Dionis?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2306111/730653/1098698/s65_ugnius.miku_ionis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38741078" data-work_id="38741078" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38741078/Garde%C5%82a_L_2019_Magia_kobiety_i_%C5%9Bmier%C4%87_w_%C5%9Bwiecie_wiking%C3%B3w_Szczecin_Wydawnictwo_Triglav">Gardeła L. (2019) Magia, kobiety i śmierć w świecie wikingów, Szczecin: Wydawnictwo Triglav</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Magic, women and death in the Viking world</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38741078" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c82c74b9c68a4cb5bcdacb1bfefc8c4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58827958,"asset_id":38741078,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58827958/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="263114" href="https://gerda-henkel-stiftung.academia.edu/LeszekGardela">Leszek Gardela</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="263114" type="text/json">{"id":263114,"first_name":"Leszek","last_name":"Gardela","domain_name":"gerda-henkel-stiftung","page_name":"LeszekGardela","display_name":"Leszek Gardela","profile_url":"https://gerda-henkel-stiftung.academia.edu/LeszekGardela?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/263114/55276/4032116/s65_leszek.gardela.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38741078 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38741078"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38741078, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38741078", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38741078 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38741078; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38741078"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38741078 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38741078"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38741078; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38741078]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38741078").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38741078").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38741078"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5408" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic">Magic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5408" type="text/json">{"id":5408,"name":"Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies">Viking Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11904" type="text/json">{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11905" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_identities">Viking identities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11905" type="text/json">{"id":11905,"name":"Viking identities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_identities?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38741078]'), work: {"id":38741078,"title":"Gardeła L. (2019) Magia, kobiety i śmierć w świecie wikingów, Szczecin: Wydawnictwo Triglav","created_at":"2019-04-08T06:52:44.858-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38741078/Garde%C5%82a_L_2019_Magia_kobiety_i_%C5%9Bmier%C4%87_w_%C5%9Bwiecie_wiking%C3%B3w_Szczecin_Wydawnictwo_Triglav?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_38741078","summary":"Magic, women and death in the Viking world","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58827958,"asset_id":38741078,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":263114,"first_name":"Leszek","last_name":"Gardela","domain_name":"gerda-henkel-stiftung","page_name":"LeszekGardela","display_name":"Leszek Gardela","profile_url":"https://gerda-henkel-stiftung.academia.edu/LeszekGardela?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/263114/55276/4032116/s65_leszek.gardela.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":5408,"name":"Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11904,"name":"Viking Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Studies?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":11905,"name":"Viking identities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_identities?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology?f_ri=70300"},{"id":18256,"name":"Mythology (Old Norse Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":27942,"name":"Vikings in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_North_Atlantic?f_ri=70300"},{"id":38420,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39954,"name":"Old Norse Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion?f_ri=70300"},{"id":47411,"name":"Women warriors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_warriors?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70296,"name":"Viking Age Scandinavia and the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia_and_the_North_Atlantic?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings?f_ri=70300"},{"id":96912,"name":"Viking Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":97538,"name":"Material Culture of the Viking age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_of_the_Viking_age?f_ri=70300"},{"id":151031,"name":"The reception of Old Norse Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_reception_of_Old_Norse_Myth?f_ri=70300"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=70300"},{"id":310434,"name":"Vikings in the East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings_in_the_East?f_ri=70300"},{"id":859370,"name":"Viking Age Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Weapons?f_ri=70300"},{"id":988067,"name":"Viking Swords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Swords?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3372885 coauthored" data-work_id="3372885" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3372885/Relations_of_Power_from_Antiquity_to_the_Middle_Ages_Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_poder_da_Antiguidade_ao_Medievo">Relations of Power: from Antiquity to the Middle Ages | Relações de poder: da Antiguidade ao Medievo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3372885" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18c67ddb00a04bd4704d65781d64dd7f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38671379,"asset_id":3372885,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38671379/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MTI4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="373496" href="https://upe.academia.edu/rbirro">Renan M. Birro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="373496" type="text/json">{"id":373496,"first_name":"Renan M.","last_name":"Birro","domain_name":"upe","page_name":"rbirro","display_name":"Renan M. Birro","profile_url":"https://upe.academia.edu/rbirro?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/373496/115239/21240756/s65_renan_m..birro.gif"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3372885">+10</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3372885"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ufms.academia.edu/CarlosEduardoCampos">Carlos Eduardo Campos</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uff.academia.edu/AlexandreSantosdeMoraes">Alexandre Santos de Moraes</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimBarnwell">Tim Barnwell</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://vassouras.academia.edu/LuisFilipeBantimdeAssump%C3%A7%C3%A3o">Luis Filipe Bantim de Assumpção</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uninter.academia.edu/MarianaBonatTrevisan">Mariana Bonat Trevisan</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NayharaSepulcri">Nayhara Sepulcri</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/otto">Otávio Luiz Vieira Pinto</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TerezaRocha">Tereza Rocha</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uemg.academia.edu/YgorKlainBelchior">Ygor Klain Belchior</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://maringa.academia.edu/AlexAparecidoDaCosta">Alex Aparecido Da Costa</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3372885'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3372885').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3372885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3372885"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3372885, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3372885", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3372885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3372885; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3372885"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3372885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3372885"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3372885; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3372885]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3372885").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3372885").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3372885"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="394" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology">Egyptology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="394" type="text/json">{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1365" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Middle_Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1365" type="text/json">{"id":1365,"name":"High Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Middle_Ages?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3372885]'), work: {"id":3372885,"title":"Relations of Power: from Antiquity to the Middle Ages | Relações de poder: da Antiguidade ao Medievo","created_at":"2013-04-23T21:58:08.843-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3372885/Relations_of_Power_from_Antiquity_to_the_Middle_Ages_Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_poder_da_Antiguidade_ao_Medievo?f_ri=70300","dom_id":"work_3372885","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38671379,"asset_id":3372885,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":373496,"first_name":"Renan M.","last_name":"Birro","domain_name":"upe","page_name":"rbirro","display_name":"Renan M. Birro","profile_url":"https://upe.academia.edu/rbirro?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/373496/115239/21240756/s65_renan_m..birro.gif"},{"id":339211,"first_name":"Carlos Eduardo","last_name":"Campos","domain_name":"ufms","page_name":"CarlosEduardoCampos","display_name":"Carlos Eduardo Campos","profile_url":"https://ufms.academia.edu/CarlosEduardoCampos?f_ri=70300","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":1020121,"first_name":"Alexandre Santos de","last_name":"Moraes","domain_name":"uff","page_name":"AlexandreSantosdeMoraes","display_name":"Alexandre Santos de Moraes","profile_url":"https://uff.academia.edu/AlexandreSantosdeMoraes?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1020121/648053/4664374/s65_alexandre_santos_de.moraes.jpg"},{"id":497854,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Barnwell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimBarnwell","display_name":"Tim Barnwell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimBarnwell?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/497854/697152/1083900/s65_tim.barnwell.jpg"},{"id":2330420,"first_name":"Luis Filipe","last_name":"Bantim de Assumpção","domain_name":"vassouras","page_name":"LuisFilipeBantimdeAssumpção","display_name":"Luis Filipe Bantim de Assumpção","profile_url":"https://vassouras.academia.edu/LuisFilipeBantimdeAssump%C3%A7%C3%A3o?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2330420/736236/77316339/s65_luis_filipe.bantim_de_assump_o.jpg"},{"id":539197,"first_name":"Mariana","last_name":"Bonat Trevisan","domain_name":"uninter","page_name":"MarianaBonatTrevisan","display_name":"Mariana Bonat Trevisan","profile_url":"https://uninter.academia.edu/MarianaBonatTrevisan?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/539197/193299/127842821/s65_mariana.bonat_trevisan.jpg"},{"id":34629409,"first_name":"Nayhara","last_name":"Sepulcri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NayharaSepulcri","display_name":"Nayhara Sepulcri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NayharaSepulcri?f_ri=70300","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":366991,"first_name":"Otávio Luiz","last_name":"Vieira Pinto","domain_name":"ufpr","page_name":"otto","display_name":"Otávio Luiz Vieira Pinto","profile_url":"https://ufpr.academia.edu/otto?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/366991/96101/39354601/s65_ot_vio_luiz.vieira_pinto.jpg"},{"id":2522869,"first_name":"Tereza","last_name":"Rocha","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TerezaRocha","display_name":"Tereza Rocha","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TerezaRocha?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2522869/786308/6974649/s65_tereza.rocha.jpg"},{"id":6344407,"first_name":"Ygor","last_name":"Klain Belchior","domain_name":"uemg","page_name":"YgorKlainBelchior","display_name":"Ygor Klain Belchior","profile_url":"https://uemg.academia.edu/YgorKlainBelchior?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6344407/9817966/34995884/s65_ygor.klain_belchior.jpg"},{"id":939928,"first_name":"Alex Aparecido","last_name":"Da Costa","domain_name":"maringa","page_name":"AlexAparecidoDaCosta","display_name":"Alex Aparecido Da Costa","profile_url":"https://maringa.academia.edu/AlexAparecidoDaCosta?f_ri=70300","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/939928/9763860/10877368/s65_alex_aparecido.da_costa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1365,"name":"High Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Middle_Ages?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=70300","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=70300"},{"id":6859,"name":"Medieval Iberian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Iberian_History?f_ri=70300"},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=70300"},{"id":14893,"name":"Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_History?f_ri=70300"},{"id":23065,"name":"Early Middle Ages (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Middle_Ages_History_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":39563,"name":"Ancient Greece (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greece_History_?f_ri=70300"},{"id":69792,"name":"Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome?f_ri=70300"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=70300"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?after=50%2C3372885" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="4235">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="4235">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_Old_Norse_Literature_">Mythology (Old Norse Literature)</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="18256">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="18256">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas">Icelandic Sagas</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="49505">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="49505">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Religion">Old Norse Religion</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="39954">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="39954">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Language">Old Norse Language</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="11908">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="11908">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature">Medieval Icelandic Literature</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="35636">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="35636">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Scandinavia">Medieval Scandinavia</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="9288">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="9288">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse">Old Norse</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="35634">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="35634">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Scandinavia">Viking Age Scandinavia</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="38420">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="38420">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture">Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="209331">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="209331">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "def42fe91361cedfee869f1a0e2d647123310f858b2f8cc043b34e108d5cf911", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="4WnMlVQTqdCZa05WB84P_O8B3VFNNGJ9B93icNXI7_MO1_zCUI34qZ-XXy5TKhjQMvuYOv1zj9lnPq0fbT3ybA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="VzMw8ih9THoSVi1i1tLE2EY-k-wfhvLi9zP1a1k74OG4jQClLOMdAxSqPBqCNtP0m8TWh6_BH0aX0LoE4c79fg" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>