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class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>City rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1870 United States census</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_1870" title="تعداد الولايات المتحدة 1870 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعداد الولايات المتحدة 1870" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfrifiad_yr_Unol_Daleithiau_1870" title="Cyfrifiad yr Unol Daleithiau 1870 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfrifiad yr Unol Daleithiau 1870" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_1870" title="United States Census 1870 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Census 1870" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censo_de_los_Estados_Unidos_de_1870" title="Censo de los Estados Unidos de 1870 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Censo de los Estados Unidos de 1870" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recensement_des_%C3%89tats-Unis_de_1870" title="Recensement des États-Unis de 1870 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Recensement des États-Unis de 1870" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC_%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC" title="1870년 미국 인구 조사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1870년 미국 인구 조사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensus_Amerika_Serikat_1870" title="Sensus Amerika Serikat 1870 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sensus Amerika Serikat 1870" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censimento_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_1870" title="Censimento degli Stati Uniti d'America del 1870 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Censimento degli Stati Uniti d'America del 1870" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censo_dos_Estados_Unidos_de_1870" title="Censo dos Estados Unidos de 1870 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Censo dos Estados Unidos de 1870" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recens%C4%83m%C3%A2ntul_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii_din_1870" title="Recensământul Statelor Unite ale Americii din 1870 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Recensământul Statelor Unite ale Americii din 1870" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(1870)" title="Перепись населения США (1870) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перепись населения США (1870)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870_United_States_Census" title="1870 United States Census – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1870 United States Census" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A7%D9%A0)" title="سەرژمێریی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٨٧٠) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرژمێریی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٨٧٠)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_folkr%C3%A4kning_1870" title="USA:s folkräkning 1870 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s folkräkning 1870" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(1870)" title="Перепис населення США (1870) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перепис населення США (1870)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%8C_1870%D8%A1" title="ریاست ہائے متحدہ کی مردم شماری، 1870ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاست ہائے متحدہ کی مردم شماری، 1870ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2975555#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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Census</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ninth US census</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">1870 United States census</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="line-height:130%;"><hr /> <table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;" class=""><b>June 1, 1870<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1870-06-01</span>)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Department_of_the_Interior_seal.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Old_Department_of_the_Interior_seal.gif/220px-Old_Department_of_the_Interior_seal.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Old_Department_of_the_Interior_seal.gif/330px-Old_Department_of_the_Interior_seal.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Old_Department_of_the_Interior_seal.gif/440px-Old_Department_of_the_Interior_seal.gif 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="689" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: center; background-color: #efefef; margin: 0.1em; padding: 0.05em 0;">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authority</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Office</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: center; background-color: #efefef; margin: 0.1em; padding: 0.05em 0;">Results</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total population</th><td class="infobox-data">38,925,598 (<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22.6%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Most<span class="nowrap"> </span>populous<span class="nowrap"> </span><wbr />state</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><br />4,382,759</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Least<span class="nowrap"> </span>populous<span class="nowrap"> </span><wbr />state</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a><br />42,941</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1870 United States census</b> was the ninth <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a>. It was conducted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Office</a> from June 1, 1870, to August 23, 1871. The 1870 census was the first <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> to provide detailed information on the <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a> population, only five years after the culmination of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> when slaves were granted freedom. The total population was 38,925,598 with a resident population of 38,558,371 individuals, a 22.6% increase from 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1870 census's population estimate was controversial, as many believed it underestimated the true population numbers, especially in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first census in which all 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 10,000. This was also the last federal census conducted using the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">US Marshal Service</a> as enumerators. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Census_Act_of_1850">Census Act of 1850</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Census Act of 1850"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Census Act of 1850 established the primary machinery of the ninth census. The Census Office, working within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a>, oversaw the recording and tabulation of results gathered by assistant marshals, who were hired and supervised by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">federal marshals</a>. Two new structural changes during the 1870 census occurred: marshals had to return the completed population questionnaire to the Census Office in September and penalties for refusing to reply to <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">enumerator</a> questions were extended to encompass every question on the questionnaires. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Census_organization">Census organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Census organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The commonly past-used slave questionnaires were redesigned to reflect the <a href="/wiki/American_society" class="mw-redirect" title="American society">American society</a> after the Civil War. The five schedules for the 1870 census were the following: General Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Products of Industry, and Social Statistics. </p><p>The general population saw a 22.6% increase to 38,555,983 individuals in 1870. Charges of an undercount, however, were brought against <a href="/wiki/Francis_Amasa_Walker" title="Francis Amasa Walker">Francis Amasa Walker</a>, the Superintendent of the 1870 census. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">Mortality rates</a> in 1870, in general, decreased as a fraction of the total population by <0.1% from 1860 and by 0.1% from 1850. The lower death rates indicate that the <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">standard of living</a> increased, due to some <a href="/wiki/Exogenous_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Exogenous factor">exogenous factor</a>, over the period of twenty years from 1850 to 1870.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In terms of products of industry, total U.S. wealth increased by 17.3% from 1860 to 1870, to reach an assessed wealth of $14,178,986,732. The four largest state contributors to this wealth were New York, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, Pennsylvania, and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, in that order. Most of the wealth was concentrated in the developed Northeast region, as newer territories like <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> were beginning to develop their young economies. </p><p>The 1870 census was the first of its kind to record the nativity of the American population. This social statistic helped determine which areas were more highly composed of immigrants than native-born Americans. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> had the most foreign-born individuals, with 419,094 foreigners, who comprised 44.5% of the city's total population. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> also had a great population of foreigners that made up a significant fraction of their total populations. Therefore, a great ethnic and cultural change was witnessed from 1860 to 1870, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a> was due to immigrants moving in and a shuffling of residents across state borders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Census_results">Census results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Census results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Population results of the 1870 census </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>True population </td> <th>Total United States </th> <th>38,925,598 </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>States only </td> <td>38,205,598 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Territories </td> <td>720,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Constitutional/resident population* </td> <th>Total United States </th> <th>38,558,371 </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>States only** </td> <td>38,115,641 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Territories </td> <td>442,730 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White population </td> <th>Total United States </th> <td>33,589,377 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>States only </td> <td>33,203,128 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Territories </td> <td>386,249 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black population </td> <th>Total United States </th> <td>4,880,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>States only </td> <td>4,835,106 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Territories </td> <td>44,903 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indian (Native American) population (on reservations) </td> <th>Total United States </th> <td>357,981 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>States only </td> <td>89,957 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Territories </td> <td>268,024 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indian (Native American) population (not on reservations) </td> <th>Total United States </th> <td>25,731 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>States only </td> <td>21,228 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Territories </td> <td>4,503 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chinese population </td> <th>Total United States </th> <td>63,199 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>States only </td> <td>56,124 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Territories </td> <td>7,075 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japanese population </td> <th>Total United States </th> <td>55 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>States only </td> <td>55 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Territories </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>*The constitutional population excludes the populations of Native Americans "maintaining their tribal relations and living upon Government reservations" and "<a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">the newly acquired</a> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">district of Alaska</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>**When considering <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">congressional apportionment</a>, the total state population of the Constitutional population was used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Census_questions">Census questions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Census questions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schedule 1 of the 1870 census collected the following information:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Dwelling-houses numbered in the order of Visitation</li> <li>Families numbered in the order of visitation</li> <li>Names</li> <li>Age</li> <li>Sex</li> <li>Color</li> <li>Profession</li> <li>Value of Real Estate</li> <li>Value of Personal Estate</li> <li>Place of Birth (State, Territory, Country)</li> <li>Father's Birthplace*</li> <li>Mother's Birthplace*</li> <li>If born within the year, state month</li> <li>If married within the year, state month</li> <li>Attended School within the Year (Y/N)</li> <li>Cannot Read (Y/N)</li> <li>Cannot Write (Y/N)</li> <li>Deaf & dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper, or convict</li> <li>Male Citizens of U.S. of 21 years of age or upwards</li> <li>Male Citizens of U.S. of 21 years of age and upwards where rights to vote is denied on grounds other than rebellion or other crime**<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>*If born in another country </p><p>**This question asked if one's right to vote is being denied due to a legal matter other than rebellion or conviction. Such circumstances included being unable to pay <a href="/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States" title="Poll taxes in the United States">poll taxes</a>, or being unable to pass a <a href="/wiki/Literacy_test" title="Literacy test">literacy test</a>. </p><p>Full documentation for the 1870 population census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Public_Use_Microdata_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Public Use Microdata Series">Integrated Public Use Microdata Series</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_undercount">Population undercount</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population undercount"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1870_United_States_census" title="Special:EditPage/1870 United States census">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although Francis Walker, the Superintendent of the 1870 census, defended the quality of the census, arguing that standardized, clear, and statistical approaches and practices were carried out across all regions of the United States, the public at the time was disappointed in the national <a href="/wiki/Population_growth_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Population growth rate">growth rate</a> and suspected underenumeration. With especially bitter complaints coming from New York and Philadelphia claiming up to a third of the population was not counted, the President made the rare move to order a <a href="/wiki/Recount" class="mw-redirect" title="Recount">recount</a> in those areas. While it was thought a large fraction of the population was not counted for being indoors in the wintry cold, newer estimates resulted in only a 2.5% increase in Philadelphia's population and a 2% increase in New York's. </p><p>This controversy of the 1870 undercount resurfaced in 1890, when the national growth rate between 1880 and 1890 was discovered to be much lower than it was between 1870 and 1880. Critics then asserted that the 1870 population must have been underenumerated by over 1.2 million people to account for the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discrepancy" class="extiw" title="wikt:discrepancy">discrepancy</a> between growth rates; it was presumed that the growth rate in 1880 had to be exaggerated because of the 1870 undercount. Despite the fact that modern investigations have yet to quantify the exact effect of the undercount, most modern <a href="/wiki/Social_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social scientist">social scientists</a> do not believe the undercount was as severe as 1890 investigators assumed. Today most analyzers compare the 1870 undercount to the non-response rates seen in most modern census data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_rankings">State rankings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: State rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>State/Territory</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>New York</td> <td>4,382,759 </td></tr> <tr> <td>02</td> <td>Pennsylvania</td> <td>3,521,951 </td></tr> <tr> <td>03</td> <td>Ohio</td> <td>2,665,260 </td></tr> <tr> <td>04</td> <td>Illinois</td> <td>2,539,891 </td></tr> <tr> <td>05</td> <td>Missouri</td> <td>1,721,295 </td></tr> <tr> <td>06</td> <td>Indiana</td> <td>1,680,637 </td></tr> <tr> <td>07</td> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td>1,457,351 </td></tr> <tr> <td>08</td> <td>Kentucky</td> <td>1,321,011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>09</td> <td>Tennessee</td> <td>1,258,520 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Virginia</td> <td>1,225,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Iowa</td> <td>1,194,020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Georgia</td> <td>1,184,109 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>Michigan</td> <td>1,184,059 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>North Carolina</td> <td>1,071,361 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>Wisconsin</td> <td>1,054,670 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>Alabama</td> <td>996,992 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>New Jersey</td> <td>906,096 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>Mississippi</td> <td>827,922 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>Texas</td> <td>818,579 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>Maryland</td> <td>780,894 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td>Louisiana</td> <td>726,915 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td>South Carolina</td> <td>705,606 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td>Maine</td> <td>626,915 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td>California</td> <td>560,247 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td>Connecticut</td> <td>537,454 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>Arkansas</td> <td>484,471 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td>West Virginia</td> <td>442,014 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td>Minnesota</td> <td>439,706 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>Kansas</td> <td>364,399 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>Vermont</td> <td>330,551 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td>New Hampshire</td> <td>318,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td>217,353 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td>Florida</td> <td>187,748 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>District of Columbia<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>131,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td>Delaware</td> <td>125,015 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td>Nebraska</td> <td>122,993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>New Mexico</td> <td>91,874 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td>Oregon</td> <td>90,923 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>Utah</td> <td>86,336 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td>Nevada</td> <td>42,941<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>Colorado</td> <td>39,864 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>Washington</td> <td>23,955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>Montana</td> <td>20,595 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>Idaho</td> <td>14,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>South Dakota</td> <td>11,776 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>Arizona</td> <td>9,658 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>Wyoming</td> <td>9,118 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>North Dakota</td> <td>2,405 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The District of Columbia is not a state but was created with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a> of 1790.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes a population of 450 for Rio Virgin County, which was located in Nevada but enumerated as part of Utah in the 1870 census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City_rankings">City rankings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: City rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>City</th> <th>State</th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-Census_1870_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_1870-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Census_Bureau-designated_regions_and_divisions" title="List of regions of the United States">Region (2016)</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>942,292</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>674,022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>396,099</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>04</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>310,864</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>05</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>298,977</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>06</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>267,354</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>07</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>250,526</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>08</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>216,239</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>09</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>191,418</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>149,473</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>117,714</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></td> <td>109,199</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>105,059</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>100,753</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>92,829</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>86,076</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>82,546</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>79,577</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></td> <td>71,440</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>69,422</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></td> <td>68,904</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>62,386</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allegheny,_Pennsylvania" title="Allegheny, Pennsylvania">Allegheny</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>53,180</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>51,038</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Haven" class="mw-redirect" title="New Haven">New Haven</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td> <td>50,840</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>48,956</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>48,244</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>46,465</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>43,051</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>41,105</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>40,928</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>40,226</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>39,634</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hartford" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartford">Hartford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td> <td>37,180</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>35,092</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>33,930</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>33,579</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>32,260</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>32,034</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>31,584</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></td> <td>31,413</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>31,274</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></td> <td>30,841</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>44</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dayton" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton">Dayton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>30,473</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>28,921</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>46</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>28,804</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>47</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>28,323</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>48</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>28,235</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>28,233</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>26,766</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>51</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>26,703</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>52</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>25,865</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>53</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Kentucky" title="Covington, Kentucky">Covington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>24,505</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>54</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>24,117</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>55</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Illinois" title="Quincy, Illinois">Quincy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>24,052</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>56</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></td> <td>23,536</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>57</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrisburg">Harrisburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>23,104</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>58</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>22,874</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>59</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>22,849</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evansville" class="mw-redirect" title="Evansville">Evansville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>21,830</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>61</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>21,789</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>62</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bedford">New Bedford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>21,320</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>63</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oswego,_New_York" title="Oswego, New York">Oswego</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>20,910</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>64</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>20,832</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="North Providence, Rhode Island">North Providence</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></td> <td>20,495</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>66</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>20,297</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>67</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>20,233</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie" class="mw-redirect" title="Poughkeepsie">Poughkeepsie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>20,080</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>69</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>20,045</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>70</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></td> <td>20,038</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>71</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td>20,030</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>19,646</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>73</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>19,565</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>74</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">Wheeling</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></td> <td>19,280</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>75</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>19,229</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>76</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td> <td>18,969</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>77</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>18,950</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>78</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taunton,_Massachusetts" title="Taunton, Massachusetts">Taunton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>18,629</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Massachusetts" title="Chelsea, Massachusetts">Chelsea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>18,547</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa" title="Dubuque, Iowa">Dubuque</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></td> <td>18,434</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>81</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Maine" title="Bangor, Maine">Bangor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></td> <td>18,289</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>82</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leavenworth,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth, Kansas">Leavenworth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></td> <td>17,873</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>83</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne">Fort Wayne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>17,718</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>84</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>17,364</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Auburn,_New_York" title="Auburn, New York">Auburn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>17,225</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>86</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Newburgh (city), New York">Newburgh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>17,014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>87</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwich,_Connecticut" title="Norwich, Connecticut">Norwich</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td> <td>16,653</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>88</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Rapids">Grand Rapids</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>16,507</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>16,283</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">Terre Haute</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>16,103</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>91</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaha">Omaha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td>16,083</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>92</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>16,030</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>93</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elmira,_New_York" title="Elmira, New York">Elmira</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>15,863</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Indiana" title="New Albany, Indiana">New Albany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>15,396</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>95</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia" title="Augusta, Georgia">Augusta</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>15,389</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>95</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>15,389</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>97</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cohoes,_New_York" title="Cohoes, New York">Cohoes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>15,357</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>98</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Kentucky" title="Newport, Kentucky">Newport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>15,087</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>99</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>15,058</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_(U.S._Census_Bureau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern United States (U.S. Census Bureau)">Northeast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Iowa" title="Burlington, Iowa">Burlington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></td> <td>14,930</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCensus_History_Staff" class="citation web cs1">Census History Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/fast_facts/1870_fast_facts.html">"1870 Fast Facts – History"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=1870+Fast+Facts+%E2%80%93+History&rft.au=Census+History+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fhistory%2Fwww%2Fthrough_the_decades%2Ffast_facts%2F1870_fast_facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Munroe, James Phinney (1923) <i>A Life of Francis Amasa Walker</i>, Holt, p. 111 <i>Conditions for the work were therefore so adverse that the new superintendent (Walker), with characteristic frankness, repudiated in many instances the results of the Census, denouncing them as false or misleading and pointing out the plain reasons.</i> p. 113 <i> When the appointments of enumerators were made in 1870 the entire lot was taken from the Republican party, and most of those in the South were negroes. Some of the negroes could not read or write, and the enumeration of the Southern population was done very badly. My judgement was that the census of 1870 erred as to the colored population between 350,000 and 400,000</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1872/dec/1870e.html">"1870 Census: A Compendium of the Ninth Census (June 1, 1870)"</a>. <i>www.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.census.gov&rft.atitle=1870+Census%3A+A+Compendium+of+the+Ninth+Census+%28June+1%2C+1870%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F1872%2Fdec%2F1870e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/files/research/genealogy/charts-forms/1870-census.pdf">"1870 Federal Census Schedule 1 Form"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Archives</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=1870+Federal+Census+Schedule+1+Form&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Ffiles%2Fresearch%2Fgenealogy%2Fcharts-forms%2F1870-census.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usa.ipums.org/usa/voliii/inst1870.shtml">"1870 Enumerator Instructions (to Assistant Marshals)"</a>. <i>IPUMS USA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IPUMS+USA&rft.atitle=1870+Enumerator+Instructions+%28to+Assistant+Marshals%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusa.ipums.org%2Fusa%2Fvoliii%2Finst1870.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_1870-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_1870_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html"><i>Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990</i></a>, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+of+the+100+Largest+Cities+and+Other+Urban+Places+in+the+United+States%3A+1790+to+1990&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fworking-papers%2F1998%2Fdemo%2FPOP-twps0027.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203020637/http://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html">"Regions and Divisions"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html">the original</a> on December 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regions+and+Divisions&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fecon%2Fcensus%2Fhelp%2Fgeography%2Fregions_and_divisions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1870_United_States_Census" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1870 United States Census">1870 United States Census</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackerRugglesForoughiJarvis1999" class="citation journal cs1">Hacker, J. David; Ruggles, Steven; Foroughi, Andrea R.; Jarvis, Brad D.; Sargent, Walter L. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usa.ipums.org/usa/volii/4_1860-70rev.shtml">"Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1860 and 1870 U.S. Censuses of Population"</a>. <i>Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History</i>. <b>32</b> (3). Informa UK Limited: 125–133. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01615449909598933">10.1080/01615449909598933</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-5440">0161-5440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Methods%3A+A+Journal+of+Quantitative+and+Interdisciplinary+History&rft.atitle=Public+Use+Microdata+Samples+of+the+1860+and+1870+U.S.+Censuses+of+Population&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=125-133&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01615449909598933&rft.issn=0161-5440&rft.aulast=Hacker&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft.au=Ruggles%2C+Steven&rft.au=Foroughi%2C+Andrea+R.&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+Brad+D.&rft.au=Sargent%2C+Walter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusa.ipums.org%2Fusa%2Fvolii%2F4_1860-70rev.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html">"Census of Population and Housing – Publications"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing+%E2%80%93+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibsonLennon2011" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Campbell; Lennon, Emily (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/tab19.html">"Tech Paper 29: Table 19. Nativity of the Population for the 50 Largest Urban Places: 1870 to 1990"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Tech+Paper+29%3A+Table+19.+Nativity+of+the+Population+for+the+50+Largest+Urban+Places%3A+1870+to+1990&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Campbell&rft.au=Lennon%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0029%2Ftab19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1871-02.pdf">"1871 U.S Census Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=1871+U.S+Census+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprod2%2Fstatcomp%2Fdocuments%2F1871-02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span> Contains 1870 Census results.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglasYates1981" class="citation book cs1">Douglas, Marilyn; Yates, Melinda (1981). <i>New York state census records, 1790–1925 : bibliography bulletin 88</i>. New York State Library. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/866298008">866298008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+state+census+records%2C+1790%E2%80%931925+%3A+bibliography+bulletin+88&rft.pub=New+York+State+Library&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F866298008&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.au=Yates%2C+Melinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1870+United+States+census" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870_United_States_census&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.loc.gov/census-connections/decennial-census/1840-1880#s-lib-ctab-22509999-3">Library of Congress research guide for 1870 census</a> - links to primary documents</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th</th><td 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