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id="toc-1960s:_Development_of_audio-visual-recording_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s:_Development_of_audio-visual-recording_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1960s: Development of audio-visual-recording devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s:_Development_of_audio-visual-recording_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s:_Development_of_the_karaoke_machine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s:_Development_of_the_karaoke_machine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1970s: Development of the karaoke machine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s:_Development_of_the_karaoke_machine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Daisuke_Inoue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daisuke_Inoue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Daisuke Inoue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daisuke_Inoue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roberto_del_Rosario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roberto_del_Rosario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Roberto del Rosario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roberto_del_Rosario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_possible_inventors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_possible_inventors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Other possible inventors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_possible_inventors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Later developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VCDs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VCDs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>VCDs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VCDs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_computers_and_the_Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_computers_and_the_Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>On computers and the Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_computers_and_the_Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_mobile_phones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_mobile_phones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>On mobile phones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_mobile_phones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_automobiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_automobiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>In automobiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_automobiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mini_karaoke_box" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mini_karaoke_box"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Mini karaoke box</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mini_karaoke_box-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_playback_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_playback_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Alternative playback devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_playback_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Public places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.1</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.2</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.3</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America_and_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America_and_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>North America and Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America_and_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Production methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Contests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>World records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violence_in_karaoke_bars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence_in_karaoke_bars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Violence in karaoke bars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violence_in_karaoke_bars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karaoke</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A" title="كاراوكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاراوكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara%C3%B3ke" title="Karaóke – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Karaóke" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha-l%C3%A1-%C3%B3%CD%98-kh%C3%A9" title="Kha-lá-ó͘-khé – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kha-lá-ó͘-khé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraoce" title="Caraoce – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caraoce" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B5" title="Καραόκε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καραόκε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaokeo" title="Karaokeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karaokeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%87" title="کارائوکه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارائوکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaok%C3%A9" title="Karaoké – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karaoké" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A0-l%C3%A0-o-kie" title="Khà-là-o-kie – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khà-là-o-kie" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%98%A4%EC%BC%80" title="가라오케 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가라오케" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A5" title="Կարաոկե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարաոկե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara%C3%B3k%C3%AD" title="Karaókí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Karaókí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99" title="קריוקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קריוקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94" title="კარაოკე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარაოკე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0" title="ຄາຣາໂອເກະ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາຣາໂອເກະ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaok%C4%97" title="Karaokė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karaokė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraoce" title="Caraoce – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Caraoce" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Караоке – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Караоке" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="കരോക്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കരോക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1" title="ကာရာအိုကေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာရာအိုကေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1" title="カラオケ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カラオケ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraoqu%C3%A9" title="Caraoqué – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caraoqué" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaok%C3%AA" title="Karaokê – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karaokê" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Караоке – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Караоке" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/u_kala_OK_hanany_a_sadadiwan_nu_sikaidaw" title="u kala OK hanany a sadadiwan nu sikaidaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="u kala OK hanany a sadadiwan nu sikaidaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کاریۆکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاریۆکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Караоке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Караоке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87" title="కరావోకే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కరావోకే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0" title="คาราโอเกะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาราโอเกะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Караоке – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Караоке" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karaoke" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK" title="卡拉OK – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡拉OK" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK" title="卡拉OK – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡拉OK" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q229345#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form of entertainment involving singing to recorded music</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Karaoke_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Karaoke (disambiguation)">Karaoke (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK.jpg/220px-%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK.jpg/330px-%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK.jpg/440px-%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A person singing karaoke in Hong Kong ("Run Away from Home" by <a href="/wiki/Janice_Vidal" title="Janice Vidal">Janice Vidal</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Karaoke</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Japanese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kaɾaoke]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/98\/Ja-Karaoke.oga\/Ja-Karaoke.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-Karaoke.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/Ja-Karaoke.oga/Ja-Karaoke.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-Karaoke.oga" title="File:Ja-Karaoke.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">カラオケ</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Clipped_compound" title="Clipped compound">clipped compound</a> of Japanese <i>kara</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">空</span></span> "empty" and <i>ōkesutora</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">オーケストラ</span></span> "orchestra") is a type of <a href="/wiki/Interactive_entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive entertainment">interactive entertainment</a> system usually offered in <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">clubs</a> and bars, where people <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">sing</a> along to pre-recorded accompaniment using a <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a>. </p><p>Its musical content is an <a href="/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental">instrumental</a> rendition of a well-known <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular</a> song. In recent times, <a href="/wiki/Lyrics" title="Lyrics">lyrics</a> are typically displayed on a video screen, along with a moving symbol, changing colour, or <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music video</a> images, to guide the singer. In Chinese-speaking countries and regions such as mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore, a karaoke box is called a KTV. The global karaoke market has been estimated to be worth nearly $10 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karaoke's global popularity has been fueled by technological advancements, making it a staple of social gatherings and entertainment venues all over the world. Karaoke machines made their first appearances in Japan in the 1970s. These machines, along with their popularity, spread worldwide in the 1980s. The machines were mainly featured in lounges, <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a>, and bars. In-home karaoke machines grew in popularity once they were combined with <a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">home theater systems</a>. Over time, karaoke has evolved with digital music, <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">smartphone apps</a>, and online platforms, allowing users to sing anytime and anywhere. Beyond leisure, karaoke is used for professional training in music and public speaking, highlighting its broad appeal and impact on popular culture. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wuhan-LuoyuDongLu-karaoke-4108.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wuhan-LuoyuDongLu-karaoke-4108.jpg/220px-Wuhan-LuoyuDongLu-karaoke-4108.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wuhan-LuoyuDongLu-karaoke-4108.jpg/330px-Wuhan-LuoyuDongLu-karaoke-4108.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wuhan-LuoyuDongLu-karaoke-4108.jpg/440px-Wuhan-LuoyuDongLu-karaoke-4108.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A karaoke bar in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei, China</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s:_Development_of_audio-visual-recording_devices">1960s: Development of audio-visual-recording devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1960s: Development of audio-visual-recording devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1961 to 1966, the American TV network <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> carried a karaoke-like series, <i>Sing Along with Mitch</i>, featuring host <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a> and a chorus, which superimposed the lyrics to their songs near the bottom of the TV screen for home audience participation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary difference between karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist. </p><p>Sing-alongs (present since the beginning of singing) fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology. In the late 1960s and into the 1970s, stored audible materials began to dominate the music recording industry and revolutionized the portability and ease of use of band and instrumental music by musicians and entertainers as the demand for entertainers increased globally. This may have been attributable to the <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape#Introduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">introduction of music cassette tapes</a>, technology that arose from the need to customize music recordings and the desire for a "handy" format that would allow fast and convenient duplication of music and thereby meet the requirements of the entertainers' lifestyles and the 'footloose' character of the entertainment industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s:_Development_of_the_karaoke_machine">1970s: Development of the karaoke machine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1970s: Development of the karaoke machine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the Japanese provenance of the term <i>karaoke</i> (first attested in 1977), the invention of karaoke-styled machines is controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tongson_journal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is usually credited to two people, depending on the sources: <a href="/wiki/Daisuke_Inoue" title="Daisuke Inoue">Daisuke Inoue</a> of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Roberto_del_Rosario" title="Roberto del Rosario">Roberto del Rosario</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tongson_journal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither of whom significantly benefited from the worldwide surge of popularity of the karaoke starting from the 1980s. The profits in the karaoke industry went to later machines developed by larger Japanese corporations.<sup id="cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tongson_journal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other people have also claimed to have invented karaoke-styled machines at various dates, but only del Rosario has a patent on his machine.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drew_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shahriari_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahriari-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tongson_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tongson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that the karaoke machine is simply an aggregate of existing technologies and is built on the older concept of sing-alongs makes it likely that it was developed independently multiple times.<sup id="cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tongson_journal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Daisuke_Inoue">Daisuke Inoue</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Daisuke Inoue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a 1996 interview with a <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>-based all-karaoke TV channel, the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> nightclub musician <a href="/wiki/Daisuke_Inoue" title="Daisuke Inoue">Daisuke Inoue</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claimed to have invented the first karaoke-style machine in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a> in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also credited for the invention of karaoke when he was later also featured on a <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i> magazine</a> article in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-time_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inoue, a bandleader, drummer, and <a href="/wiki/Electone" title="Electone">Electone</a> keyboardist, specialized in leading sing-alongs at nightclubs in Sannomiya, the entertainment district of the city of Kobe. In 1970, he and six bandmates played instruments in fancy drinking establishments to accompany middle-aged businessmen who would sing traditional Japanese songs. He claimed to have first thought of the idea of a karaoke-style machine when he was asked by a prominent client to play for him on an overnight trip to an <a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">onsen</a>. Not being able to do so, he instead provided a tape of his accompaniment to the client. Realizing its potential, he thought of merging these pre-taped accompaniments with a <a href="/wiki/Jukebox" title="Jukebox">jukebox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-time_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lacking the skills to make the machine himself, one of his bandmates introduced him to a friend who owned an electronics shop. He described his idea to him and commissioned 11 home-made machines which he called "8 Juke." Each machine cost around $425 per unit and consisted of a box containing an <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifier</a>, a microphone, a coin box, and a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_audio" title="Vehicle audio">car stereo</a> which used specially-made 8-track tapes. The machines metered out several minutes of singing time and used ¥100 coins.<sup id="cite_ref-Inoue_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inoue-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He initially recorded his own versions of popular songs with his bandmates for the tapes.<sup id="cite_ref-Inoue_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inoue-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting from 1971, Inoue loaned the machines to establishments for free in exchange for a portion of the monthly earnings from the machines.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He placed the first 8 Jukes in Sannomiya's "snack bars", but they initially failed to take off. Inoue then hired hostesses to ostentatiously sing on them, which successfully sparked interest. This also caused a great deal of friction with Inoue's fellow musicians, who saw it as drawing customers away from them. </p><p>When profits improved at around four years of operation, he hired professional musicians and rented a recording studio to create the 8-tracks for the machines.<sup id="cite_ref-Inoue_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inoue-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made the songs in keys that made them easier for casual singers. As such he also included a rudimentary reverb function to help mask singers' deficiencies.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, the number of units he rented had increased from the initial eleven to around 25,000. Club owners from Kobe had started bringing his machines to new clubs in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> which became the birthplace of the karaoke boom in Japan. He also managed to convince large record labels to include their songs in the tracks for the 8 Jukes.<sup id="cite_ref-Inoue_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inoue-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For these reasons, Inoue is often considered to be the inventor of the modern business model for karaoke.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inoue never patented his machine. While initially successful and earning approximately half a million dollars a year, Inoue lost interest in the business. He eventually handed over the company to his brother. By the 1980s, the idea of coin-operated sing-along machines was picked up by larger Japanese corporations who started manufacturing commercial versions of their own with better technologies like <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDiscs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-time_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inoue_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inoue-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, Daisuke Inoue was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek" title="Tongue-in-cheek">tongue-in-cheek</a> <a href="/wiki/Ig_Nobel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ig Nobel">Ig Nobel</a> Peace Prize for inventing karaoke, "thereby providing an entirely new way for people to learn to tolerate each other."<sup id="cite_ref-ignobel_2004_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ignobel_2004-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roberto_del_Rosario">Roberto del Rosario</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roberto del Rosario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Filipino</a> entrepreneur and piano manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Roberto_del_Rosario" title="Roberto del Rosario">Roberto del Rosario</a> also claimed to have invented the first karaoke-type machine known as the "Sing-Along System" (SAS). The machine included multiple features enclosed in a single portable cabinet casing; including an <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifier</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">speaker</a>, a double or single tape deck, an optional <a href="/wiki/Electronic_tuner" title="Electronic tuner">tuner</a> or radio, and a microphone mixer that enhances the singer's voice using effects like <a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">reverb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echo#Echo_in_music" title="Echo">echo</a>. The machine used <a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" title="Compact Cassette">cassette tapes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental">instrumental</a> versions of popular songs which would later become more widely known as <a href="/wiki/Minus-One_recordings" title="Minus-One recordings">Minus-One</a>. The machine did not have video, but it included songbooks with lyrics.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shahriari_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahriari-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drew_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SAS was originally developed since the late 1960s as a teaching device for students taking singing lessons at del Rosario's Trebel School of Music.<sup id="cite_ref-Malang_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was refashioned for amateur and recreational use from 1975 to 1977. Unlike Inoue's "8 Juke", it was not coin-operated.<sup id="cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tongson_journal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malang_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Del Rosario was himself a pianist and was a member of the amateur <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> group <a href="/wiki/Raul_Manglapus#Early_political_career" title="Raul Manglapus">Executive Combo Band</a> (composed mainly of politicians and prominent businessmen). He owned a company, Trebel Industries, that was the leading manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">pianos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichords</a> in the Philippines. Del Rosario also invented and patented other audio equipment before and after the SAS. His other inventions included the 1972 "One-Man Band" (OMB), an acoustic piano that automatically plays a full orchestra accompaniment; the "Piano Tuners' Guide", an electronic push-button device for piano tuning; and "Voice Color Tapes", ready-made multiplex tapes with songs recorded and programmed to match a specific vocal range.<sup id="cite_ref-Malang_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ifia_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike Inoue, del Rosario patented the "Sing-Along System" (issued in 1983 and 1986) and is recognized as the sole holder of a patent for a karaoke system in the world after he won a patent infringement case against a Chinese company in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, he also did not profit significantly from his invention. Like Inoue, his machines were eventually replaced by more advanced commercial versions made by larger corporations that became available by the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Malang_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985, Del Rosario was awarded the Gold Medal for Best Inventor by the <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> for the Sing-Along System, among other awards.<sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malang_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also elected to the executive board of the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Inventors%27_Associations" title="International Federation of Inventors' Associations">International Federation of Inventors' Associations</a> (IFIA). He also lobbied for more government support for inventors in the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Congress of the Philippines</a>, leading to the successful passage of Republic Act No. 7459, better known as the Inventor and Inventions Incentives Act of 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Malang_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ifia_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_possible_inventors">Other possible inventors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other possible inventors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japanese engineer <a href="/wiki/Shigeichi_Negishi" title="Shigeichi Negishi">Shigeichi Negishi</a>, who ran a consumer electronics assembly business, also claimed to have made the first karaoke-styled machine in 1967;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He subsequently began mass producing coin-operated versions under the brand name "Sparko Box", making it the first commercially available karaoke machine. For media, it used 8-track cassette tapes of commercially available instrumental recordings. Lyrics were provided in a paper booklet.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he ran into distribution troubles and ceased production of the Sparko Box shortly thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being credited by some as the first to automate and commercialize the karaoke singalong, Negishi, who died in 2024, never patented his invention.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another possible early pioneer was Toshiharu Yamashita, who worked as a singing coach, and in 1970 sold an 8-track playback deck with microphone for sing-alongs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_developments">Later developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after the development of the <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a> started to offer Video Karaoke machines in the 1980s. These are capable of displaying lyrics over a video that accompanies the music.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taipei_KTV-Eingangshalle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Taipei_KTV-Eingangshalle.jpg/250px-Taipei_KTV-Eingangshalle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Taipei_KTV-Eingangshalle.jpg/375px-Taipei_KTV-Eingangshalle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Taipei_KTV-Eingangshalle.jpg/500px-Taipei_KTV-Eingangshalle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Entrance Hall of a karaoke box in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan</figcaption></figure><p> In 1992, a scientist named Yuichi Yasutomo created a networked karaoke system for <a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother Industries</a>. Called <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ts%C5%ABshin_karaoke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsūshin karaoke (page does not exist)">tsūshin karaoke</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:通信カラオケ">ja</a>]</span></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">通信カラオケ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">communications karaoke</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span></i></span>)</span>, it served up songs in <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> format via phone lines to <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a>-equipped karaoke machines. This new technology swept Japan; by 1998, 94% of karaoke was being sung on networked karaoke machines.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an early form of music on demand, it could be called the first successful <a href="/wiki/Audio_streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio streaming">audio streaming</a> service. It also allowed for <a href="/wiki/Big_data" title="Big data">big data</a> analysis of songs popularity in realtime.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karaoke soon spread to the rest of Asia and other countries all over the world. In-home karaoke machines soon followed but lacked success in the American and Canadian markets. When creators became aware of this problem, karaoke machines were no longer being sold strictly for the purpose of karaoke but as <a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">home theater</a> systems to enhance television watching to "movie theater like quality". Home theater systems took off, and karaoke went from being the main purpose of the stereo system to a side feature. </p><p>As more music became available for karaoke machines, more people within the industry saw karaoke as a profitable form of <a href="/wiki/Bar_(counter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar (counter)">lounge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a> entertainment. It is not uncommon for some bars to have karaoke performances seven nights a week, <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly with high-end sound equipment superior to the small, stand-alone consumer versions. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dance_floor" class="extiw" title="wikt:dance floor">Dance floors</a> and lighting effects are also becoming common sights in karaoke bars. Lyrics are often displayed on multiple television screens around the bar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A basic karaoke machine consists of a music player, <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> inputs, a means of altering the <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> of the played music, and an audio output. Some low-end machines attempt to provide vocal suppression so that one can feed regular songs into the machine and remove the voice of the original singer; however this was, historically, rarely effective. Most common machines are <a href="/wiki/CD%2BG" title="CD+G">CD+G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">Laser Disc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a> or DVD players with microphone inputs and an audio mixer built in, though <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> <a href="/wiki/Videocassette_recorder" title="Videocassette recorder">VCRs</a> are sometimes used.<sup id="cite_ref-cloud_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cloud-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD+G players use a special track called <a href="/wiki/Subcode" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcode">subcode</a> to encode the lyrics and pictures displayed on the screen while other formats natively display both audio and video. </p><p>Most karaoke machines have technology<sup id="cite_ref-clickblue_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clickblue-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that electronically changes the pitch of the music so that amateur singers can choose a key that is appropriate for their vocal range, while maintaining the original tempo of the song. (Old systems which used <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">cassettes</a> changed the pitch by altering playback speed, but none are still on the market, and their commercial use is virtually nonexistent.) </p><p>A popular game using karaoke is to type in a random number and call up a song, which participants attempt to sing. In some machines, this game is pre-programmed and may be limited to a genre so that they cannot call up an obscure national anthem that none of the participants can sing. This game has come to be called "Kamikaze Karaoke" or "Karaoke <a href="/wiki/Roulette" title="Roulette">Roulette</a>" in some parts of the United States and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many low-end entertainment systems have a karaoke mode that attempts to remove the vocal track from regular audio CDs, using an <a href="/wiki/Out_Of_Phase_Stereo_(OOPS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Out Of Phase Stereo (OOPS)">Out Of Phase Stereo (OOPS)</a> technique. This is done by center channel extraction, which exploits the fact that in most stereo recordings the vocals are in the center. This means that the voice, as part of the music, has equal volume on both stereo channels and no phase difference. To get the quasi-karaoke (<a href="/wiki/Monoaural" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoaural">mono</a>) track, the left channel of the original audio is subtracted from the right channel. The Sega Saturn also has a "mute vocals" feature that is based on the same principle and is also able to adjust the pitch of the song to match the singer's vocal range. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaoke_Booth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Karaoke_Booth.jpg/250px-Karaoke_Booth.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Karaoke_Booth.jpg/375px-Karaoke_Booth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Karaoke_Booth.jpg/500px-Karaoke_Booth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A row of 3 karaoke booths at a shopping center in <a href="/wiki/Angeles_City" title="Angeles City">Angeles City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></figcaption></figure> <p>This crude approach results in the often-poor performance of voice removal. Common effects are hearing the <a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">reverb effects</a> on the voice track (due to stereo reverb on the vocals not being in the center); also, other instruments (snare/bass drum, bass guitar and solo instruments) that happen to be mixed into the center get removed, degrading this approach to hardly more than a gimmick in those devices. Recent years have seen the development of new techniques based on the <a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">fast Fourier transform</a>. Although still not perfect, the results are usually much better than the old technique, because the stereo left-right comparison can be done on individual frequencies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_age">Early age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Early age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early karaoke machines used <a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track cartridges</a> (The Singing Machine) and <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">cassette tapes</a>, with printed lyric sheets, but technological advances replaced this with CDs, <a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCDs</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDiscs</a> and, currently, DVDs. In the late 1980s and 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer Electronics">Pioneer Electronics</a> dominated the international karaoke music video market, producing high quality karaoke music videos (inspired by the music videos such as those on <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a> introduced the X2000, which fetched music via a dial-up telephone network. Its repertoire of music and graphics was limited, but its smaller size and the advantage of continuous updates saw it gradually replace traditional machines. Karaoke machines which are connected via <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber-optic">fiber-optic</a> links enabling them to provide instant high-quality music and video are becoming increasingly popular.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Karaoke direct</i> is an Internet division established in 1997 been serving the public online since 1998. They released the first karaoke player that supports <a href="/wiki/MP3%2BG" title="MP3+G">MP3+G</a> and now <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2010)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the KDX2000 model supporting karaoke in DIVX, Format.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the long-running karaoke device is the DVD and HDD karaoke systems, which comes with thousands of songs that are popular in business such as karaoke machine rentals and KTV bars, and became popular in Asia, especially the Philippines. This device also provides <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> format with on-screen lyrics on a background video and scoring after you sing, the score will appear from 60 (lowest) to 100 (highest) based on timing and pitch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_video_game#Pitch_games" title="Music video game">Music video game § Pitch games</a></div> <p>The earliest karaoke-based <a href="/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">music video game</a>, called <i><a href="/wiki/Karaoke_Studio" title="Karaoke Studio">Karaoke Studio</a></i>, was released for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Famicom</a> in 1985, but its limited computing ability made for a short catalog of songs and therefore reduced replay value. As a result, karaoke games were considered little more than collector's items until they saw release in higher-capacity DVD formats.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Karaoke_Revolution" title="Karaoke Revolution">Karaoke Revolution</a></i>, created for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> by <a href="/wiki/Harmonix" title="Harmonix">Harmonix</a> and released by <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> in North America in 2003, is a console game in which a single player sings along with on-screen guidance and receives a score based on pitch, timing, and rhythm. The game soon spawned several follow-ups including <i>Karaoke Revolution Vol. 2</i>, <i>Karaoke Revolution Vol. 3</i>, <i>Karaoke Revolution Party Edition</i>, <i>CMT Presents Karaoke Revolution: Country</i> and <i>Karaoke Revolution Presents: American Idol</i>. While the original <i>Karaoke Revolution</i> was also eventually released for the Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a> console in late 2004, the new online-enabled version included the ability to download additional song packs through the console's exclusive <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Live">Xbox Live</a> service.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A similar series, <i><a href="/wiki/SingStar" title="SingStar">SingStar</a></i>, published by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe, is particularly popular in the European and Australasian markets. Other <a href="/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">music video game</a> titles that involve singing by the player include <i><a href="/wiki/Boogie_(video_game)" title="Boogie (video game)">Boogie</a></i> and its sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Boogie_Superstar" title="Boogie Superstar">Boogie Superstar</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Disney_Sing_It" title="Disney Sing It">Disney Sing It</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Get_On_Da_Mic" class="mw-redirect" title="Get On Da Mic">Get On Da Mic</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Guitar_Hero_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guitar Hero (series)">Guitar Hero</a></i> series starting with <i><a href="/wiki/Guitar_Hero_World_Tour" title="Guitar Hero World Tour">World Tour</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/High_School_Musical:_Sing_It!" title="High School Musical: Sing It!">High School Musical: Sing It!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lips_(video_game)" title="Lips (video game)">Lips</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_Band_(video_game)" title="Rock Band (video game)">Rock Band</a></i> series, <i>SingSong</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/UltraStar" title="UltraStar">UltraStar</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Music_Mixer" title="Xbox Music Mixer">Xbox Music Mixer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Xbox Live App with the same name created by iNiS and powered by The Karaoke Channel/Stingray Karaoke was released on 12 December 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The app uses <a href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine_3" title="Unreal Engine 3">Unreal Engine 3</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VCDs">VCDs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: VCDs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many VCD players in Southeast Asia have a built-in karaoke function. On stereo recordings, one speaker will play the music with the vocal track, and the other speaker will play the music without the vocal track. So, to sing karaoke, users play the music-only track through both speakers. In the past, there were only pop-song karaoke VCDs. Nowadays, different types of karaoke VCDs are available. <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a> karaoke VCD is now a big hit among the elderly in China.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_computers_and_the_Internet">On computers and the Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: On computers and the Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaoke_versus_full.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="comparison of two spectrograms, one with vocals, one without" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Karaoke_versus_full.png/220px-Karaoke_versus_full.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Karaoke_versus_full.png/330px-Karaoke_versus_full.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Karaoke_versus_full.png/440px-Karaoke_versus_full.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="1382" /></a><figcaption>Electronic music production has made distribution of instrumental '<a href="/wiki/Stem_mixing_and_mastering" title="Stem mixing and mastering">stems</a>' simple.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 2003, much software has been released for hosting karaoke shows and playing karaoke songs on a personal computer. Instead of having to carry around hundreds of CD-Gs or LaserDiscs, karaoke jockeys can <a href="/wiki/Ripping" title="Ripping">rip</a> their entire libraries onto their hard drives and play the songs and lyrics from the computer. </p><p>Additionally, new software permits singers to sing and listen to one another over the Internet. </p><p>Karaoke devices in the 2000s saw a shift towards the use of hard drives to store large collections of karaoke tracks and touch screen devices that allows users to select their songs. This trend was driven by the declining cost of hard drive storage<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and improvement in <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> technology in the consumer space. </p><p>In 2005, Freeware Karaoke software from Thailand on Windows "All In One Karaoke Player" Version 2.0 has released<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can play all MIDI Karaoke file (.MID, .KAR, .RMS etc.), Video Karaoke file (VCD, MP4, DVD, MPG, DAT, WMV) and Audio Karaoke file (MP3, OGG+HotBeat). </p><p>In 2006, first released of eXtreme Karaoke<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a paid software by bank transfer pay 500 THB and send to E-mail for activate license key<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also can play same with All In One Karaoke Player. and in 2008 eXtreme Karaoke changed from License file to HardLock (USB Dongle) the price is 2,000 THB for software.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, Recisio was founded as a downloadable karaoke software.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, a new concept of home karaoke system through the use of live streaming from a cloud server emerged. The earliest cloud based streaming device, KaraOK!, was released by <a href="/wiki/StarHub" title="StarHub">StarHub</a> on 14 January 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> licensing songs from RIMMS.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of cloud streaming allows for smaller devices with over the air updates compared to costly and bulky hard drive-based systems. Recisio transitioned into Karafun, an online subscription based system in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, Singa Karaoke was launched, providing karaoke for Android and iOS mobile devices, in addition to a web browser product<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for a subscription fee. Other similar service providers include Smule and Starmaker. </p><p>In August 2017, <a href="/wiki/ROXI" class="mw-redirect" title="ROXI">ROXI</a> home music system launched in the UK, and later that year in the US, providing on-demand music streaming and a karaoke singalong feature called Sing with the Stars. ROXI matches songs in its cloud based licensed music streaming catalogue to a lyrics database to provide real time scrolling on-screen lyrics. The music system also uses a hand-held <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a> style point and click controller with built-in microphone allowing users to select and sing along to thousands of songs from its catalogue.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2023, YouTube channel Sing King Karaoke reached 11 million subscribers, making it the largest karaoke channel on the platform. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_mobile_phones">On mobile phones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: On mobile phones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, several companies started offering a karaoke service on mobile phones, using a <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> <a href="/wiki/MIDlet" title="MIDlet">MIDlet</a> that runs with a text file containing the words and a MIDI file with the music. More usual is to contain the lyrics within the same MIDI file. Often the file extension is then changed from .mid to .kar, both are compatible with the standard for MIDI files. </p><p>Researchers have also developed karaoke games for cell phones to boost music database training. In 2006, the Interactive Audio Lab at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> released a game called <a href="/wiki/Karaoke_Callout" title="Karaoke Callout">Karaoke Callout</a> for the Nokia Series 60 phone. The project has since then expanded into a web-based game and will be released soon as an iPhone application. </p><p>Karaoke is now available for the Android, iPhone and other playback devices at many internet storefronts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_automobiles">In automobiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In automobiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Karaoke" title="Special:EditPage/Karaoke">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Taxicabs equipped with sound systems and a microphone appeared in South Korea in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> maker <a href="/wiki/Geely_Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Geely Automobile">Geely Automobile</a> received much press in 2003 for being the first to equip a car, their <a href="/wiki/Geely_BL" title="Geely BL">Beauty Leopard</a>, with a karaoke machine as standard equipment. Europe's first commercial "karaokecab" which was a London TX4 taxi with a karaoke machine inside for occupants of the cab to use to sing whilst in the cab. The idea and installation were made by Richard Harfield of karaokeshop.com and was featured on Channel 4's Big Breakfast and several German TV stations featured the karaokecab. Granada TV also featured the cab, which is now in its 4th vehicle and operates in <a href="/wiki/Bolton" title="Bolton">Bolton</a>, Greater Manchester as Clint's Karaoke Cab. Karaoke is often also found as a feature in <a href="/wiki/Aftermarket_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermarket (automotive)">aftermarket</a> in-car DVD players. </p><p>In 2010, karaoke taxis were available in London, England in the 'Kabeoke' fleet of private hire vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a>'s newer cars have an infotainment system that features a "Car-a-oke" app. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mini_karaoke_box">Mini karaoke box</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mini karaoke box"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sing_and_record_machine_in_Haiikou_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sing_and_record_machine_in_Haiikou_-_01.jpg/170px-Sing_and_record_machine_in_Haiikou_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sing_and_record_machine_in_Haiikou_-_01.jpg/255px-Sing_and_record_machine_in_Haiikou_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sing_and_record_machine_in_Haiikou_-_01.jpg/340px-Sing_and_record_machine_in_Haiikou_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2452" data-file-height="3478" /></a><figcaption>Mini karaoke box</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mini karaoke box</b> or <b>karaoke booth</b> is a device similar in shape and size to a <a href="/wiki/Phone_booth" class="mw-redirect" title="Phone booth">phone booth</a>, equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Karaoke_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Karaoke machine">karaoke machine</a> inside. Typically made from soundproof glass, it can be installed anywhere and is suitable for use by one or two people. It is popular in East Asia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_playback_devices">Alternative playback devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Alternative playback devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/CD%2BG" title="CD+G">CD+G</a> format of a karaoke disc, which contains the lyrics on a specially encoded subcode track, has heretofore required special—and expensive—equipment to play. Commercial players have come down in price, though, and some unexpected devices (including the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game console</a> and <a href="/wiki/XBMC_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="XBMC Media Center">XBMC Media Center</a> on the first Xbox) can decode the graphics; in fact, karaoke machines, including video and sometimes recording capability, are often popular electronics items for sale in toy stores and electronics stores. </p><p>Additionally, there is software for Windows, Pocket PC, Linux, and Macintosh PCs that can decode and display karaoke song tracks, though usually these must be ripped from the CD first, and possibly compressed. </p><p>In addition to CD+G and software-based karaoke, microphone-based karaoke players enjoy popularity mainly in North America and some Asian countries such as the Philippines. Microphone-based karaoke players only need to be connected to a TV—and in some cases to a power outlet; in other cases they run on batteries. These devices often support advanced features, such as pitch correction and special sound effects. Some companies offer karaoke content for paid download to extend the song library in microphone-based karaoke systems. </p><p>CD+G, DVD, VCD and microphone-based players are most popular for home use. Due to song selection and quality of recordings, CD+G is the most popular format for English and Spanish. It is also important to note that CD+G has limited graphical capabilities, whereas VCD and DVD usually have a moving picture or video background. VCD and DVD are the most common format for Asian singers due to music availability and largely due to the moving picture/video background.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terms">Terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Jūhachiban</dt> <dd>(<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E7%95%AA" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:十八番">十八番</a>. also <i>ohako</i>). Many karaoke singers have one song which they are especially good at and which they use to show off their singing abilities. In Japan, this is called <i>jūhachiban</i> in reference to <a href="/wiki/Kabuki_J%C5%ABhachiban" title="Kabuki Jūhachiban">Kabuki Jūhachiban</a>, the 18 best <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">kabuki</a> plays. 十八番 means eighteen in Japanese as well.</dd> <dt>Karamovie or Movioke</dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Movieoke" title="Movieoke">Movieoke</a></div> Karaoke using scenes from movies. Amateur actors replace their favorite movie stars in popular movies. Usually facilitated by software or remote control muting and screen blanking/freezing. Karamovie originated in 2003.</dd> <dt>Karaoke jockey or KJ</dt> <dd>A karaoke jockey plays and manages the music for a venue. The role of the KJ often includes announcing song titles and whose turn it is to use the microphone.</dd> <dt>Hitokara</dt> <dd>Singing karaoke alone is called hitokara (ヒトカラ, abbreviation for ひとりカラオケ; ひとり <i>hitori</i>, "one person" or "alone" + カラオケ <i>karaoke</i>) in Japan. Recently this trend has become very popular amongst amateur singers in Japan, India and China, though mostly Japan.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_places">Public places</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1%E9%A4%A8_(44208255041).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1%E9%A4%A8_%2844208255041%29.jpg/220px-%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1%E9%A4%A8_%2844208255041%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1%E9%A4%A8_%2844208255041%29.jpg/330px-%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1%E9%A4%A8_%2844208255041%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1%E9%A4%A8_%2844208255041%29.jpg/440px-%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B1%E9%A4%A8_%2844208255041%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Lobby of a karaoke box in Japan</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaoke-Harbin6303733.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Karaoke-Harbin6303733.jpg/220px-Karaoke-Harbin6303733.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Karaoke-Harbin6303733.jpg/330px-Karaoke-Harbin6303733.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Karaoke-Harbin6303733.jpg/440px-Karaoke-Harbin6303733.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to a karaoke box in China</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaoke-irish-pub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Karaoke-irish-pub.jpg/220px-Karaoke-irish-pub.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Karaoke-irish-pub.jpg/330px-Karaoke-irish-pub.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Karaoke-irish-pub.jpg/440px-Karaoke-irish-pub.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2949" data-file-height="1965" /></a><figcaption>Karaoke in an Irish <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pub</a> in Hamburg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Asia, a <b><a href="/wiki/Karaoke_box" title="Karaoke box">karaoke box</a></b> is the most popular type of karaoke venue. A karaoke box is a small or medium-sized room containing karaoke equipment rented by the hour or half-hour, providing a more intimate atmosphere. Karaoke venues of this type are often dedicated businesses, some with multiple floors and a variety of amenities including food service, but hotels and business facilities sometimes provide karaoke boxes as well. In <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, karaoke boxes are called <i>noraebangs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mainland China and Taiwan, a karaoke establishment is called a KTV. </p><p>In some <a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">traditional Chinese restaurants</a>, there are so-called "mahjong-karaoke rooms" where the elderly play <a href="/wiki/Mahjong" title="Mahjong">mahjong</a> while teenagers sing karaoke. The result is fewer complaints about boredom, but more noise. <a href="/wiki/Noise_regulation" title="Noise regulation">Noise regulations</a> can be an issue, especially when karaoke is brought into residential areas. </p><p>Violent reactions to karaoke singing have made headlines in Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines, with reports of killings by listeners disturbed by the singing. In the Philippines, at least half a dozen killings of people singing "<a href="/wiki/My_Way" title="My Way">My Way</a>" caused newspapers there to label the phenomenon "<a href="/wiki/My_Way_killings" title="My Way killings">My Way killings</a>"; such that some bars refused to allow the song, and some singers refrained from vocalizing it among strangers.<sup id="cite_ref-noss_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noss-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prostitution became an issue implicating karaoke in Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and other parts of Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Thailand, "karaoke girls" are brought in not only from Thailand itself but from neighboring countries and are sent to other parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asian karaoke establishments are often fronts for <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentlemen's clubs">gentlemen's clubs</a>, where men pay for female hosts to drink, sing, and dance with them.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In Japan, such a business is called a piano bar.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the COVID-19 outbreak, karaoke bars in Japan reopened with rules such as mask wearing, mic covers, and singer must face same direction as onlookers.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philippines">Philippines</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental">Instrumental</a> tracks on <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">cassette tapes</a> were initially the format used by <a href="/wiki/Roberto_del_Rosario" title="Roberto del Rosario">Roberto del Rosario</a>'s "Sing-Along System".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1980s, including instrumental-only tracks on the <a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">B-side</a> of commercial song and album releases had become standard practice in the Philippine recording industry, popularly known as <a href="/wiki/Minus_one_recordings" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus one recordings">Minus-One</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Del Rosario's "Sing-Along System" led to the rapid growth of popularity of "sing-alongs" in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singing contests were staged in <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">town</a> <a href="/wiki/Patronal_festival" title="Patronal festival">fiestas</a>, where amateurs from all walks of life competed. In later years, the audio-only Sing-Along Systems were replaced by Japanese-style coin-operated machines with video and running lyrics that came to be known as <i>"videoke"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a popular domestic recreational pastime among Filipinos. It also led to the popularity of nighttime <a href="/wiki/Karaoke_box" title="Karaoke box">videoke bars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Taiwan, karaoke bars similar to those in Japan and South Korea are called KTVs, which stands for karaoke television. Karaoke is a highly popular form of recreation in Taiwan. The biggest KTV chains in Taiwan are Partyworld Cashbox, Holiday KTV and NewCBParty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>noraebang</b><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>: 노래방) refers to a singing venue in South Korea where private sound-proof rooms are available for rent, equipped for singing – typically microphones, remote controls, a large video screen, couches, and mood décor such as disco lights and tambourines. The term noraebang is a Korean compound word, blending norae (<a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>: 노래, English: song) and bang (<a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>: 방, English: room). It is the regional equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Karaoke_box" title="Karaoke box">Karaoke box</a> in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singing is an important part of social life in Korea, where people will perform, and be persuaded to perform, an impromptu song at virtually any social occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, noraebangs are popular and widespread, often identifiable by bright neon signs with musical notes or microphones.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Often the last stop after a night of alcohol-lined entertainment for youths and businesspeople alike,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> noraebangs are also a favorite family pastime, and many are surprisingly dry venues.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People also frequent noraebangs as a form of stress relief, and some noraebangs cater to those who seek to sing alone.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America_and_Europe">North America and Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: North America and Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asemakatu_31-33_Oulu_20101024.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Asemakatu_31-33_Oulu_20101024.JPG/250px-Asemakatu_31-33_Oulu_20101024.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Asemakatu_31-33_Oulu_20101024.JPG/330px-Asemakatu_31-33_Oulu_20101024.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Asemakatu_31-33_Oulu_20101024.JPG/500px-Asemakatu_31-33_Oulu_20101024.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption>A karaoke bar in <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu, Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A karaoke bar, restaurant, <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">club</a> or lounge is a bar or restaurant that provides karaoke equipment so that people can sing publicly, sometimes on a small stage. Most of these establishments allow patrons to sing for free, with the expectation that sufficient revenue will be made selling food and drink to the singers. Less commonly, the patron wishing to sing must pay a small fee for each song they sing. Both are financially beneficial for the establishment by not having to pay a professional singer or a cabaret tax which is usually applied to any entertainment of more than one person. </p><p>Many establishments offer karaoke on a weekly schedule, while some have shows every night. Such establishments commonly invest more in both equipment and song discs, and are often extremely popular, with an hour or more wait between a singer's opportunities to take the stage (called the <i>rotation</i>). </p><p>Private karaoke rooms, similar to Asia's karaoke boxes, are commonplace in major cities. </p><p>Karaoke is very popular in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> with dedicated karaoke venues in most reasonably large towns. <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> is home to a number of notable karaoke bars including Weagleys, The Spirit Level, Bardot's Karaoke Bar, Sing City. In North America, the Tri State area is known to have many lounges that participate in weekly karaoke shows. <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> has many establishments that are frequented by people of different backgrounds who also participate in karaoke. Hugo's Lounge and Love Lounge located in <a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_New_Jersey" title="Plainfield, New Jersey">Plainfield, New Jersey</a> are just a couple of the many establishments with weekly karaoke schedules. </p><p>Throughout much of North America, live band karaoke is also popular. With <a href="/wiki/Live_band_karaoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Live band karaoke">live band karaoke</a>, singers sing with a live band instead of the prerecorded backing track. </p><p>Rock critic <a href="/wiki/Rob_Sheffield" title="Rob Sheffield">Rob Sheffield</a> claims that the 1986 music video for the song "<a href="/wiki/Wild_Wild_Life" title="Wild Wild Life">Wild Wild Life</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a> was the first depiction of karaoke in American popular culture. The video features a variety of characters taking turns singing portions of the song to an audience at a bar.<sup id="cite_ref-sheffield_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheffield-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However a karaoke bar in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a> called "Sing Sing" is depicted in an episode of the American TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Magnum,_P.I." title="Magnum, P.I.">Magnum, P.I.</a></i> entitled "The Man from Marseilles" first broadcast on March 14, 1985. </p><p>In Italy, karaoke had become popular by early 1994, popularized by television personality <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Fiorello" title="Rosario Fiorello">Rosario Fiorello</a> who had a karaoke program that appeared weekly on national television.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Room_601,_Karaoke_Kan,_Tokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Room_601%2C_Karaoke_Kan%2C_Tokyo.jpg/220px-Room_601%2C_Karaoke_Kan%2C_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Room_601%2C_Karaoke_Kan%2C_Tokyo.jpg/330px-Room_601%2C_Karaoke_Kan%2C_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Room_601%2C_Karaoke_Kan%2C_Tokyo.jpg/440px-Room_601%2C_Karaoke_Kan%2C_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The karaoke box at Karaoke Kan (Tokyo) where Bill Murray and Scarlett Johansson sang in <i>Lost in Translation</i></figcaption></figure><p> Karaoke made a brief appearance in Sofia Coppola's 2003 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Translation_(film)" title="Lost in Translation (film)">Lost in Translation</a></i>, and it was, three years before, the primary focus of <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Paltrow" title="Bruce Paltrow">Bruce Paltrow</a>'s 2000 film <i><a href="/wiki/Duets_(film)" title="Duets (film)">Duets</a>,</i> written by John Bynum and starring Paltrow's daughter <a href="/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow" title="Gwyneth Paltrow">Gwyneth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huey_Lewis" title="Huey Lewis">Huey Lewis</a>, "anchor-man" of <a href="/wiki/Huey_Lewis_and_the_News" title="Huey Lewis and the News">Huey Lewis and the News</a>. </p><p>Also popular among the international performing arts community in Europe, a group of Finnish producers organized an international karaoke competition called KWC (Karaoke World Championships). Their 2011 international karaoke competition has attracted <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> producers to help host America's karaoke competition in Las Vegas Nevada called Karaoke Battle USA. The competition is promised to select 1 male and 1 female contestant to represent the U.S. in the international arena. Largely supported by the Broadway community in Times Square, Pulse Karaoke Lounge sponsored 2011's New York state karaoke finals to select individuals representing New York in the eastern finals. </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, the dozens of karaoke bars in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> make it not just "the capital of karaoke" in the United States, but "one of the most exciting music scenes in America."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Australia, karaoke was gradually popularized in the late 1980s. A number of Filipino migrants brought with them their own 'minus-one' music from cassette music tapes and video tapes purchased mainly in the Philippines. A number of Philippine-imported karaoke units with two cassette drives were used in private households. Video TV tapes, mainly consisted of popular and contemporary songs rendered by Filipino artists, and with a mix of English and Tagalog songs were soon used. Projected lyrics on TV screens became very common as the main source of karaoke renditions. These tapes were soon replaced by CD+Gs, but a plug-n-play karaoke microphone that housed a factory built-in songchip loaded with hundreds of karaoke songs quickly became a favourite. This unit would usually be purchased in the Philippines and brought into Australia, becoming a common household item and is popularly used during gatherings. </p><p>Commercially, karaoke was first introduced into Australia in 1989 by Robin Hemmings who had seen karaoke operating in Fiji. Prior to this, karaoke was generally unknown to the broader population. Hemmings, of Adelaide, South Australia, offered systems manufactured by Pioneer which used 12in (30 cm) double-sided laser discs containing a maximum of 24 songs with accompanying video track and subtitled lyrics. </p><p>Despite some initial resistance, Adelaide hoteliers The Booze Brothers offered limited access to their hotels and the karaoke phenomenon was born. Hemmings business, Karaoke Hire Systems, operated seven machines on a casual rental basis to numerous hotels, clubs and private parties in and around Adelaide with an additional machine on snow-season lease at Jindabyne, NSW. Each system came complete with up to 24 discs containing a maximum of 576 music video tracks. In Adelaide, karaoke reached its zenith in 1991 with virtually every hotel offering at least one karaoke night per week with many having undertaken alterations to their premises with the addition of purpose built stages and sound systems. Karaoke rental suppliers had proliferated during this period and Hemmings is known to have sold his business in late 1991 as a going concern. </p><p>Karaoke's popularity in Adelaide waned from mid 1992 and was virtually extinguished by early 1993, until recently where karaoke bars have largely regained their former popularity among the city's increasing international population.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a> Karaoke Club was formed, re-popularizing karaoke among the student population of Adelaide.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-2000s, a number of karaoke bars sprouted in Sydney with karaoke boxes frequented by Japanese students and tourists and a few locals, especially on Thursday nights and weekends. A number of clubs such as RSL, League Clubs and restaurants and bars mainly feature karaoke nights to entice more customers and to entertain guests. Sunfly Karaoke is probably the major karaoke brand in Australia as well as the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_methods">Production methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Production methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumyoung_vivaus_feeltong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Kumyoung_vivaus_feeltong.jpg/200px-Kumyoung_vivaus_feeltong.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/Kumyoung_vivaus_feeltong.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="181" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karaoke_box" title="Karaoke box">Computer Music Player</a> by <a href="/wiki/Keumyoung_Group" title="Keumyoung Group">Kumyoung</a> in South Korea</figcaption></figure> <p>Karaoke is very popular in Asian countries, and many artists distribute a karaoke track at the same time the song is released. The most common form of karaoke nowadays<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2018)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> is released in <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> format with on-screen lyrics on a DVD background video. </p><p>In Europe and North America, karaoke tracks are almost never done by the original artist, but are re-recorded by other musicians. </p><p>South Korean firms <a href="/w/index.php?title=TJ_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TJ Media (page does not exist)">TJ Media</a>, Magic Sing, <a href="/wiki/Keumyoung_Group" title="Keumyoung Group">Kumyoung</a> produce digital music content in MIDI format and manufacture <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">computer music players</a> for the Asian market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contests">Contests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Contests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Karaoke" title="Special:EditPage/Karaoke">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since the rise of karaoke around the world, karaoke contests have become a phenomenon of mainstream culture, giving non-professional singers opportunity to showcase their talent, win prizes, and at times, travel the world. Contest participants are usually rated 50% by customer votes and 50% by judges' votes, but this may vary, depending on the venue and the level of competition. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karaoke_World_Championships" title="Karaoke World Championships">Karaoke World Championship</a> is one of the most popular karaoke contests and has been around since 2003. In September 2011, Karaoke World Championships took place in Killarney, Ireland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_records">World records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: World records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2009, the world record for the most people singing karaoke was at <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Motor_Speedway" title="Bristol Motor Speedway">Bristol Motor Speedway</a> in the United States. Over 160,000 people began to sing Garth Brooks' song "<a href="/wiki/Friends_in_Low_Places" title="Friends in Low Places">Friends in Low Places</a>" before the NASCAR <a href="/wiki/Bass_Pro_Shops_NRA_Night_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass Pro Shops NRA Night Race">Sharpie 500</a> race began.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hungary holds the record for the longest Karaoke marathon with multiple participants for an event organized in the Honey Grill Restaurant by Gabor Dániel Szabó (REVVOX Music). It lasted for 1,011 hours, 1 minute, between 20 July 2011, and 31 August 2011. Each song was over 3 minutes long and the gap between songs was no longer than 30 seconds. No song was repeated in any two-hour period.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The record for the longest Karaoke solo marathon is held by the Italian Leonardo Polverelli, who sang 1,295 songs in 101 hours, 59 minutes, and 15 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence_in_karaoke_bars">Violence in karaoke bars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Violence in karaoke bars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/My_Way_killings" title="My Way killings">My Way killings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karaoke_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Karaoke bar">Karaoke bar</a></div> <p>Between 2002 and 2012, numerous fatal incidents in the Philippines occurred in connection to karaoke bars and the song "<a href="/wiki/My_Way" title="My Way">My Way</a>", popularized by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ichimura_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ichimura-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar violent and fatal incidents connected to karaoke bars have also occurred in other countries, including <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Japanese_origin" title="List of English words of Japanese origin">List of English words of Japanese origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Minus_One" title="Music Minus One">Music Minus One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPoint_karaoke" title="PowerPoint karaoke">PowerPoint karaoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same_language_subtitling" title="Same language subtitling">Same language subtitling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtitle_(captioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtitle (captioning)">Subtitling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtitles" title="Surtitles">Surtitles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Singing_Machine_Company" title="The Singing Machine Company">The Singing Machine Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utagoe_coffeehouse" title="Utagoe coffeehouse">Utagoe Kissa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torrentfreak.com/uk-police-and-prs-shutdown-karaoke-torrent-site-150313/">UK Police and PRS Shutdown Karaoke Torrent Site</a>. Torrentfreak. 13 March 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrooksMarsh1992" class="citation cs2">Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (1992), <a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Directory_to_Prime_Time_Network_TV_Shows" class="mw-redirect" title="The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows"><i>The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows</i></a>, Ballantine Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-37792-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-37792-0"><bdi>978-0-345-37792-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Directory+to+Prime+Time+Network+TV+Shows&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-345-37792-0&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Marsh%2C+Earle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tongson_journal-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tongson_journal_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTongson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Tongson, Karen (1 January 2015). "Empty Orchestra: The Karaoke Standard and Pop Celebrity". <i>Public Culture</i>. <b>27</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">85–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F08992363-2798355">10.1215/08992363-2798355</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Culture&rft.atitle=Empty+Orchestra%3A+The+Karaoke+Standard+and+Pop+Celebrity&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F08992363-2798355&rft.aulast=Tongson&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/dictionary/karaoke_n">"karaoke"</a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=karaoke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fdictionary%2Fkaraoke_n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhou-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhou_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhou_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhou_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhou_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhouTarocco2013" class="citation book cs1">Zhou, Xun; Tarocco, Francesca (2013). <i>Karaoke: The Global Phenomenon</i>. Reaktion Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780232409" title="Special:BookSources/9781780232409"><bdi>9781780232409</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karaoke%3A+The+Global+Phenomenon&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781780232409&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Xun&rft.au=Tarocco%2C+Francesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drew-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drew_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drew_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrew2023" class="citation book cs1">Drew, Rob (2023). <i>Unspooled: How the Cassette Made Music Shareable</i>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781478027713" title="Special:BookSources/9781478027713"><bdi>9781478027713</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unspooled%3A+How+the+Cassette+Made+Music+Shareable&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781478027713&rft.aulast=Drew&rft.aufirst=Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shahriari-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shahriari_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahriari_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShahriari2015" class="citation book cs1">Shahriari, Andrew (2015). <i>Popular World Music</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317345381" title="Special:BookSources/9781317345381"><bdi>9781317345381</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+World+Music&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317345381&rft.aulast=Shahriari&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tongson-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tongson_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTongson2022" class="citation book cs1">Tongson, Karen (2022). "Karaoke, Queer Theory, Queer Performance". <i>The Oxford Handbook of Music and Queerness</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197607527" title="Special:BookSources/9780197607527"><bdi>9780197607527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Karaoke%2C+Queer+Theory%2C+Queer+Performance&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Music+and+Queerness&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197607527&rft.aulast=Tongson&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2008" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Raina (2008). <i>Hit Me with Your Best Shot! The Ultimate Guide to Karaoke Domination</i>. Chronicle Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">25–</span>27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811861403" title="Special:BookSources/9780811861403"><bdi>9780811861403</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hit+Me+with+Your+Best+Shot%21+The+Ultimate+Guide+to+Karaoke+Domination&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780811861403&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Raina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.events-in-music.com/who-invented-the-karaoke-machine.html">Who Invented the Karaoke Machine?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305204829/http://www.events-in-music.com/who-invented-the-karaoke-machine.html">Archived</a> 5 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Events-in-Music.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inouej1.com/index.html">井上大祐【カラオケ発明者】 J-ONE/INOUE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321051214/http://www.inouej1.com/index.html">Archived</a> 21 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Events-in-Music.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Time 100:Daisuke Inoue</i>, 23–30 August 1999 VOL. 154 NO. 7/8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIyer1999" class="citation news cs1">Iyer, Pico (23 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/archive/6955676/daisuke-inoue/">"Daisuke Inoue"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Daisuke+Inoue&rft.date=1999-08-23&rft.aulast=Iyer&rft.aufirst=Pico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Farchive%2F6955676%2Fdaisuke-inoue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inoue-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInoueScott2013" class="citation journal cs1">Inoue, Daisuke; Scott, Robert (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theappendix.net/issues/2013/10/voice-hero-the-inventor-of-karaoke-speaks">"Voice Hero: The Inventor of Karaoke Speaks"</a>. <i>The Appendix</i>. <b>1</b> (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Appendix&rft.atitle=Voice+Hero%3A+The+Inventor+of+Karaoke+Speaks&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2013-10&rft.aulast=Inoue&rft.aufirst=Daisuke&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheappendix.net%2Fissues%2F2013%2F10%2Fvoice-hero-the-inventor-of-karaoke-speaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlt2021" class="citation book cs1">Alt, Matt (2021). <i>Pure Invention: How Japan Made the Modern World</i>. Crown. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-2671-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-2671-8"><bdi>978-1-9848-2671-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pure+Invention%3A+How+Japan+Made+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-9848-2671-8&rft.aulast=Alt&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlt2021" class="citation book cs1">Alt, Matt (2021). <i>Pure Invention: How Japan Made the Modern World</i>. Crown. pp. <span class="nowrap">90–</span>91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-2671-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-2671-8"><bdi>978-1-9848-2671-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pure+Invention%3A+How+Japan+Made+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-9848-2671-8&rft.aulast=Alt&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlt2021" class="citation book cs1">Alt, Matt (2021). <i>Pure Invention: How Japan Made the Modern World</i>. 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SAGE Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">1286–</span>1287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452276267" title="Special:BookSources/9781452276267"><bdi>9781452276267</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multicultural+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1286-%3C%2Fspan%3E1287&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781452276267&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Marion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malang-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malang_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malang_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malang_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malang_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malang_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malang_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalang1999" class="citation book cs1">Malang, Virgilio L. (1999). <i>Inventions & Innovations: A Glimpse of the Filipino Legacy</i>. TAPI Book. pp. <span class="nowrap">35–</span>37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789718822012" title="Special:BookSources/9789718822012"><bdi>9789718822012</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventions+%26+Innovations%3A+A+Glimpse+of+the+Filipino+Legacy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.pub=TAPI+Book&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789718822012&rft.aulast=Malang&rft.aufirst=Virgilio+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ifia-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ifia_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ifia_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifia.com/world-intellectual-property-day-2025/">"World Intellectual Property Day – April 26, 2025"</a>. <i>International Federation of Inventors' Associations (IFIA)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Federation+of+Inventors%27+Associations+%28IFIA%29&rft.atitle=World+Intellectual+Property+Day+%E2%80%93+April+26%2C+2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fifia.com%2Fworld-intellectual-property-day-2025%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20110812-travelwise-karaoke-in-the-philippines">"BBC – Travel – Karaoke in the Philippines"</a>. 12 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+Travel+%E2%80%93+Karaoke+in+the+Philippines&rft.date=2011-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Fstory%2F20110812-travelwise-karaoke-in-the-philippines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karaoke.or.jp/03nenpyo/">"A History of KARAOKE"</a>. <i>All-Japan Karaoke Industrialist Association</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All-Japan+Karaoke+Industrialist+Association&rft.atitle=A+History+of+KARAOKE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.karaoke.or.jp%2F03nenpyo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUgaya2008" class="citation book cs1">Ugaya, Hiromichi (2008). <i>Karaoke Secret History – world revolution of ingenuity</i>. Shinchosha Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">49–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4106102929" title="Special:BookSources/978-4106102929"><bdi>978-4106102929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karaoke+Secret+History+%E2%80%93+world+revolution+of+ingenuity&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.pub=Shinchosha+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-4106102929&rft.aulast=Ugaya&rft.aufirst=Hiromichi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109014209/https://www.jpo.go.jp/torikumi_e/kokusai_e/training/enishi/theme/No11_December2015_11.pdf">"Selection from TOP 100 Japanese Innovations of "Karaoke"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IP Friends Connections</i>. December 2015 No. 11: 53. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpo.go.jp/torikumi_e/kokusai_e/training/enishi/theme/No11_December2015_11.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IP+Friends+Connections&rft.atitle=Selection+from+TOP+100+Japanese+Innovations+of+%22Karaoke%22&rft.volume=December+2015+No.+11&rft.pages=53&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpo.go.jp%2Ftorikumi_e%2Fkokusai_e%2Ftraining%2Fenishi%2Ftheme%2FNo11_December2015_11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/the-man-who-invented-karaoke-is-95-and-his-machine-stil-1844154550">"The Man Who Invented Karaoke Is 95 And His Machine Still Works"</a>. <i>kotaku.com</i>. 26 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kotaku.com&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Invented+Karaoke+Is+95+And+His+Machine+Still+Works&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fthe-man-who-invented-karaoke-is-95-and-his-machine-stil-1844154550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlt2021" class="citation book cs1">Alt, Matt (2021). <i>Pure Invention: How Japan Made the Modern World</i>. Crown. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-2671-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-2671-8"><bdi>978-1-9848-2671-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pure+Invention%3A+How+Japan+Made+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-9848-2671-8&rft.aulast=Alt&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlt2024" class="citation news cs1">Alt, Matt (14 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/arts-culture/music/karaoke-inventor-shigeichi-negishi-dies-100-79d2d52d">"Shigeichi Negishi, the Inventor of Karaoke, Dies at 100"</a>. Wall Street Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shigeichi+Negishi%2C+the+Inventor+of+Karaoke%2C+Dies+at+100&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft.aulast=Alt&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farts-culture%2Fmusic%2Fkaraoke-inventor-shigeichi-negishi-dies-100-79d2d52d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jg8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41-IA3">"Billboard – Karaoke Japan"</a>. 30 May 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billboard+%E2%80%93+Karaoke+Japan&rft.date=1992-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djg8EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA41-IA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/VendingTimesVOL29NO10August1989Clearscan/page/n91">"U.S. Dealers Set To Chime In On Karaoke Sing-A-Long Profits / Japanese Karaoke Craze Ready To Roll Into Lucrative American Music Market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vending_Times" title="Vending Times">Vending Times</a></i>. Vol. 29, no. 10. August 1989. pp. 100, 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vending+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Dealers+Set+To+Chime+In+On+Karaoke+Sing-A-Long+Profits+%2F+Japanese+Karaoke+Craze+Ready+To+Roll+Into+Lucrative+American+Music+Market&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=100%2C+107&rft.date=1989-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FVendingTimesVOL29NO10August1989Clearscan%2Fpage%2Fn91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.karaoke.or.jp/03nenpyo/03_02.php">"Karoke History Chart"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karoke+History+Chart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.karaoke.or.jp%2F03nenpyo%2F03_02.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlt2021" class="citation book cs1">Alt, Matt (2021). <i>Pure Invention: How Japan Made the Modern World</i>. Crown. pp. <span class="nowrap">177–</span>178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-2671-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-2671-8"><bdi>978-1-9848-2671-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pure+Invention%3A+How+Japan+Made+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-9848-2671-8&rft.aulast=Alt&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhouTarocco2013" class="citation book cs1">Zhou, Xun; Tarocco, Francesca (1 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVTqAQAAQBAJ&q=karaoke+performances+seven+nights+a+week&pg=PA67"><i>Karaoke: The Global Phenomenon</i></a>. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780232409" title="Special:BookSources/9781780232409"><bdi>9781780232409</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karaoke%3A+The+Global+Phenomenon&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2013-06-01&rft.isbn=9781780232409&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Xun&rft.au=Tarocco%2C+Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnVTqAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkaraoke%2Bperformances%2Bseven%2Bnights%2Ba%2Bweek%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cloud-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cloud_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karaokecloud.wordpress.com/2013/04/12/the-history-of-karaoke-in-america/">"The History of Karaoke in America"</a>. Karaoke Cloud. 12 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Karaoke+in+America&rft.pub=Karaoke+Cloud&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkaraokecloud.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F04%2F12%2Fthe-history-of-karaoke-in-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clickblue-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clickblue_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clickblue <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clickblue.in/persang-entertainment-pvtltd/http-googl-zyp7hp">"Best technology Karaoke systems from a renowned karaoke manufacturing company"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626141451/http://clickblue.in/persang-entertainment-pvtltd/http-googl-zyp7hp">Archived</a> 26 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 30 November 2014, <i>International Business Times</i>. Retrieved 30 November 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One Baltimore variation involves limiting the songs to titles written by participants into a sombrero for the KJ (karaoke jockey) to pick from; Xun Zhou and Francesca Tarocco, <i>Karaoke: The Global Phenomenon</i> (Reaktion, 2013), 131–32. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780232409" title="Special:BookSources/9781780232409">9781780232409</a> Portraits of kamikaze/roulette karaoke appear in recent fiction, highlighting the features of social challenge and anxiety involved, e.g. Eileen Shapiro, <i>Precious Little Devils</i> (2016) and Mike Donald, <i>Louisiana Blood</i> (2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retroblueentertainment.com/a-brief-history-of-karaoke">"Retro Blue – A Brief History of Karaoke"</a>. <i>retroblueentertainment.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Chinese+toddler%27s+karaoke+tantrum+ends+in+bloodbath&rft.date=2012-08-30&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fchina%2F9508353%2FChinese-toddlers-karaoke-tantrum-ends-in-bloodbath.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraoke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Singing" title="Template:Singing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Singing" title="Template talk:Singing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Singing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Singing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Singing138" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Singing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singing types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">A cappella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_singing" title="Bathroom singing">Bathroom singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_technique" title="Extended technique">Extended technique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throat_singing" title="Throat singing">Throat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">Overtone singing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oversinging" title="Oversinging">Oversinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">Rapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_singing" title="Sign singing">Sign singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing-along" title="Sing-along">Sing-along</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karaoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip_sync" title="Lip sync">Lip sync</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_percussion" title="Vocal percussion">Vocal percussion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatboxing" title="Beatboxing">Beatboxing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms · Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-lexical_vocables_in_music" title="Non-lexical vocables in music">Vocables</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Voice classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass-baritone" title="Bass-baritone">Bass-baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">Baritone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritenor" title="Baritenor">Baritenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">Countertenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">Contralto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">Mezzo-soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fach" title="Fach">Fach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_classification_in_non-classical_music" title="Voice classification in non-classical music">Non-classical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts · Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup vocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belting_(music)" title="Belting (music)">Belting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloratura" title="Coloratura">Coloratura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_voice" title="Chest voice">Chest voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crooner" title="Crooner">Crooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_growl" title="Death growl">Death growl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">Falsetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_voice" title="Head voice">Head voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_vocalist" title="Lead vocalist">Lead vocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaggio" title="Passaggio">Passaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_(vocal_music)" title="Quintus (vocal music)">Quintus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">Rapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprechgesang" title="Sprechgesang">Sprechgesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessitura" title="Tessitura">Tessitura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">Timbre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_pedagogy" title="Vocal pedagogy">Vocal pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">Vocal range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_register" title="Vocal register">Vocal register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_resonation" title="Vocal resonation">Vocal resonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_weight" title="Vocal weight">Vocal weight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sound equipment<br />(popular music)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In-ear_monitor" title="In-ear monitor">In-ear monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_correction" title="Pitch correction">Pitch correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">Sound reinforcement system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_monitor_system" title="Stage monitor system">Monitor speaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_music" title="Vocal music">Vocal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Japan531" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Japan" title="Template:Music of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Music of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Japan531" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Music of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>"<a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a>" (National anthem)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Japanese musical instruments">Instruments</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Genres_and_styles17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres and styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugaku" title="Bugaku">Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushi_(music)" title="Bushi (music)">Bushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainichido_Bugaku" title="Dainichido Bugaku">Dainichido Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danmono" title="Danmono">Danmono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigaku" title="Gigaku">Gigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Druri_(music)" title="Jōruri (music)">Jōruri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouta_(music)" title="Kouta (music)">Kouta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%27y%C5%8D" title="Min'yō">Min'yō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagauta" title="Nagauta">Nagauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Rōkyoku">Rōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saimon_Ondo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saimon Ondo (page does not exist)">Saimon Ondo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E6%96%87%E9%9F%B3%E9%A0%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:祭文音頭">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullaby#Asia-Pacific" title="Lullaby">Komori-uta (lullaby)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warabe_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warabe Uta (page does not exist)">Warabe Uta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:童歌">ja</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazoe_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazoe Uta (page does not exist)">Kazoe Uta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E3%81%88%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:数え歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekaki_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekaki Uta (page does not exist)">Ekaki Uta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B5%E6%8F%8F%E3%81%8D%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:絵描き歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temari_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temari Uta (page does not exist)">Temari Uta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%9E%A0%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:手鞠歌">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">(1868–present)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_commercial_song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese commercial song (page does not exist)">Commercial song</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0#日本における歴史" class="extiw" title="ja:コマーシャルソング">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gakus%C4%93ka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gakusēka (page does not exist)">Gakusēka (student song)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:学生歌">ja</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_school_song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese school song (page does not exist)">Kōka (school song)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:校歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ry%C5%8Dka_(song)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryōka (song) (page does not exist)">Ryōka (dormitory song)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%AE%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:寮歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daigaku-%C5%8Denka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daigaku-ōenka (page does not exist)">Daigaku-Ōenka (cheering song of university)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%9C%E6%8F%B4%E6%AD%8C#大学" class="extiw" title="ja:応援歌">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enka" title="Enka">Enzetsuka/Enka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunka" title="Gunka">Gunka (military song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senji-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senji-kayō (page does not exist)">Senji-kayō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E6%99%82%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:戦時歌謡">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunkoku-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunkoku-kayō (page does not exist)">Gunkoku-kayō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:軍国歌謡">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_calisthenics" title="Radio calisthenics">Radio calisthenics song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shich%C5%8Dsonka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shichōsonka (page does not exist)">Shichōsonka (municipality song)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:市町村歌">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8Dka_(subject)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shōka (subject) (page does not exist)">Shōka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E6%AD%8C_(%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91)" class="extiw" title="ja:唱歌 (教科)">ja</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansh%C5%AB-Sh%C5%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manshū-Shōka (page does not exist)">Manshū-Shōka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%94%B1%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:満州唱歌">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shin-min%27y%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shin-min'yō (page does not exist)">Shin-min'yō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:新民謡">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-War<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1945–present)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kayōkyoku <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mood-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mood-kayō (page does not exist)">Mood-kayō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:ムード歌謡">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idol-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idol-kayō (page does not exist)">Idol-kayō</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:アイドル歌謡">ja</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Sounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Sounds">Group Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_song" title="Image song">Image song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">J-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_song" title="Anime song">Anime song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_song" title="Denpa song">Denpa song</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_disco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese disco (page does not exist)">Disco</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3#日本のディスコ" class="extiw" title="ja:ディスコ">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurobeat" title="Eurobeat">Eurobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_disco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese disco (page does not exist)">Disco</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3#日本のディスコ" class="extiw" title="ja:ディスコ">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hardcore" title="Japanese hardcore">Hardcore punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_metal" title="Japanese metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanoise" title="Japanoise">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nu-music_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nu-music (Japan) (page does not exist)">Nu-music</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:ニューミュージック">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_song#Japan" title="Fight song">Ōenka (cheering song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_reggae" title="Japanese reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_ska" title="Japanese ska">Ska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo Disco">Italo Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo House">Italo House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_techno" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardcore techno">Juliana’s techno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitpop" title="Bitpop">Bitpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)#Japanese_grime" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Being_craze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Being craze (page does not exist)">Being-kei</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:ビーイングブーム">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-core" title="J-core">J-core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlabels_in_Japan" title="Netlabels in Japan">Japanese net label scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_metal" title="Kawaii metal">Kawaii metal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komuro_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komuro family (page does not exist)">Komuro-kei</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AE%A4%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:小室ファミリー">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyokei" title="Onkyokei">Onkyokei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akishibu-kei" title="Akishibu-kei">Akishibu-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utaite" title="Utaite">Utaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroguro#In_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Eroguro">Eroguro kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_kei" title="Nagoya kei">Nagoya kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocaloid#Music" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloid music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Ainu music">Ainu music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rekuhkara" title="Rekuhkara">Rekuhkara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_music" title="Ryukyuan music">Southern Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Singles_Chart" title="Oricon Singles Chart">Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Combined_Singles_Chart" title="Oricon Combined Singles Chart">Combined Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Albums_Chart" title="Oricon Albums Chart">Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Combined_Albums_Chart" title="Oricon Combined Albums Chart">Combined Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Karaoke_Chart" title="Oricon Karaoke Chart">Karaoke Chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan" title="Billboard Japan">Billboard Japan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan_Hot_100" title="Billboard Japan Hot 100">Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan_Hot_Albums" title="Billboard Japan Hot Albums">Hot Albums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RIAJ_Digital_Track_Chart" title="RIAJ Digital Track Chart">RIAJ Digital Track Chart</a> <small>(discontinued)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">List of best-selling music artists in Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Western_artists_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of best-selling Western artists in Japan">List of best-selling Western artists in Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling albums in Japan">List of best-selling albums in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling singles in Japan">List of best-selling singles in Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese record labels">Record companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Big 10" <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(as of 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karaoke&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avex_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Avex Group">Avex Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Entertainment Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Japan" title="Universal Music Japan">Universal Music Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Records_(Japan)" title="King Records (Japan)">King Record Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_Storm" title="J Storm">J Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood_Victor_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="JVCKenwood Victor Entertainment">Victor Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Being_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Being Inc.">Being Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Canyon" title="Pony Canyon">Pony Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teichiku_Records" title="Teichiku Records">Teichiku Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese record labels">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_independent_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese independent record labels">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_artists_from_Japan" title="List of musical artists from Japan">List of musical artists from Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_musical_groups" title="List of Japanese musical groups">List of Japanese musical groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_J-pop_artists" title="List of J-pop artists">List of J-pop artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_composers" title="List of Japanese composers">List of Japanese composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_hip_hop_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese hip hop musicians">List of Japanese hip hop musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_singers" title="List of Japanese singers">List of Japanese singers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_music" title="Timeline of Japanese music">Timeline and years</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_Japanese_music" title="1979 in Japanese music">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Japanese_music" title="1980 in Japanese music">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_Japanese_music" title="1981 in Japanese music">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_Japanese_music" title="1982 in Japanese music">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Japanese_music" title="1983 in Japanese music">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_Japanese_music" title="1984 in Japanese music">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Japanese_music" title="2007 in Japanese music">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Japanese_music" title="2008 in Japanese music">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Japanese_music" title="2009 in Japanese music">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Japanese_music" title="2010 in Japanese music">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Japanese_music" title="2011 in Japanese music">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Japanese_music" title="2012 in Japanese music">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Japanese_music" title="2013 in Japanese music">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Japanese_music" title="2014 in Japanese music">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Japanese_music" title="2015 in Japanese music">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Japanese_music" title="2016 in Japanese music">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Japanese_music" title="2017 in Japanese music">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Japanese_music" title="2018 in Japanese music">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Japanese_music" title="2019 in Japanese music">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Japanese_music" title="2020 in Japanese music">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Japanese_music" title="2021 in Japanese music">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Japanese_music" title="2022 in Japanese music">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Japanese_music" title="2023 in Japanese music">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Japanese_music" title="2024 in Japanese music">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Japanese_music" title="2025 in Japanese music">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Online distributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Music" title="Google Play Music">Google Play Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Amazon Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKBox" title="KKBox">KKBox</a> (the successor of <a href="/wiki/LISMO" title="LISMO">LISMO</a> Unlimited)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RecoChoku" class="mw-redirect" title="RecoChoku">RecoChoku</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:レコチョク">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music.jp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music.jp (page does not exist)">Music.jp</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/music.jp" class="extiw" title="ja:music.jp">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mora_(music_store)" title="Mora (music store)">Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwango_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwango (company)">Dwango.jp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">E-Onkyo music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon Music Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Music" title="Line Music">Line Music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamaha_Music_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamaha Music Media (page does not exist)">MySound</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8F%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" class="extiw" title="ja:ヤマハミュージックメディア">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OTOTOY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OTOTOY (page does not exist)">OTOTOY</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ototoy" class="extiw" title="ja:Ototoy">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AWA_(streaming_service)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AWA (streaming service) (page does not exist)">AWA</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWA_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD%E9%85%8D%E4%BF%A1)" class="extiw" title="ja:AWA (音楽配信)">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_Music_Award_Shows" title="Template:Japanese Music Award Shows">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_music" title="Shinto music">Shinto music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music956" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_topics" title="Template:Music topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_topics" title="Template talk:Music topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music956" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_music" title="Ancient music">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_music" title="Religious music">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_music_in_the_biblical_period" title="History of music in the biblical period">Biblical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_music" title="Secular music">Secular</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">Art music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klasik" title="Klasik">Afghan classical music—Klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_classical_music" title="Andalusi classical music">Andalusi classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arabic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Azerbaijani Mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81g%C4%ABta" title="Mahāgīta">Burmese classical music—Mahāgīta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinpeat" title="Pinpeat">Cambodian ceremonial music—Pinpeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_traditional_music" title="Chinese traditional music">Chinese traditional music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Indonesian art music—Gamelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Japanese court music—Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_court_music" title="Korean court music">Korean court music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao classical music">Lao classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griot" title="Griot">Mandé art music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_music" title="Ottoman music">Ottoman music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Persian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Philippine art songs—Kundiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibroch" title="Pibroch">Scottish Ceòl Mór</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_dance" title="Kandyan dance">Kandyan dance of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piphat" title="Piphat">Thai classical music—Piphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A3_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Nhã nhạc">Vietnam imperial court music—Nhã nhạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Western classical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_music" title="Vernacular music">Vernacular<br />music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circus_music" title="Circus music">Circus music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arched_Harp" class="mw-redirect" title="Arched Harp">Arched Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_harp" title="Angular harp">Angular harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_harpsichord" title="History of the harpsichord">History of the harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_lute-family_instruments" title="History of lute-family instruments">History of lute-family instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">Nafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_timpani_in_the_18th_and_19th_centuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries">Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_trumpet" title="History of the trumpet">History of the trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_violin" title="History of the violin">History of the violin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musician</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">Ensembles</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Band (rock and pop)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backup_band" title="Backup band">Backup band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-female_band" title="All-female band">All-female band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">Big band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">Concert band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">Military band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lead_vocalist" title="Lead vocalist">Lead vocalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backing vocalist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">Theory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">Composition</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">Notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrics" title="Lyrics">Lyrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">Singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_technique" title="Musical technique">Technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Education</a> and study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Music" title="Bachelor of Music">Bachelor of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Music" title="Master of Music">Master of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Musical_Arts" title="Doctor of Musical Arts">Doctor of Musical Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_(music)" title="Method (music)">Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">Music archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history" title="Music history">Music history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Music psychology">Music psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Music school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composition_school" title="Composition school">Composition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomusicology" title="Biomusicology">Biomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_musicology" title="Cognitive musicology">Cognitive musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_musicology" title="Computational musicology">Computational musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomusicology" title="Ecomusicology">Ecomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_musicology" title="New musicology">New musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organology" title="Organology">Organology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociomusicology" title="Sociomusicology">Sociomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoomusicology" title="Zoomusicology">Zoomusicology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album#Live" title="Album">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_album" title="Remix album">Remix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electric)" title="Music technology (electric)">Music technology (electric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)" title="Music technology (electronic and digital)">Music technology (electronic and digital)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">Sound recording and reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">Cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">Remix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_and_regional_genres_of_music" title="List of cultural and regional genres of music">Cultural and <br />regional genres</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Africa" title="Music of Africa">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Central_Africa" title="Category:Music of Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Africa" title="Category:Music of East Africa">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Africa" title="Music of North Africa">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Southern_Africa" title="Category:Music of Southern Africa">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Central_Asia" title="Music of Central Asia">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Music of East Asia">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music" title="Middle Eastern music">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_South_Asia" title="Category:Music of South Asia">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Music of Southeast Asia">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Europe" title="Category:Music of Europe">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_music" title="Balkan music">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_folk_music" title="Nordic folk music">Nordic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latin_America" title="Music of Latin America">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Central_America" title="Category:Music of Central America">Central American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_South_America" title="Category:Music of South America">South American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_North_America" title="Category:Music of North America">North American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">Caribbean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Oceania" title="Category:Music of Oceania">Oceanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sovereign state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="8129" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan" title="Music of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Algeria" title="Music of Algeria">Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andorra" title="Music of Andorra">Andorra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Angola" title="Music of Angola">Angola</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Music of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria" title="Music of Austria">Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Bahamas" title="Music of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bahrain" title="Music of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Barbados" title="Music of Barbados">Barbados</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus" title="Music of Belarus">Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belgium" title="Music of Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belize" title="Music of Belize">Belize</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Benin" title="Music of Benin">Benin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bolivia" title="Music of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Botswana" title="Music of Botswana">Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brunei" title="Music of Brunei">Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Music of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Burundi" title="Music of Burundi">Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cameroon" title="Music of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cape_Verde" title="Music of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Music of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chad" title="Music of Chad">Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Comoros">Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Music of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denmark" title="Music of Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Djibouti" title="Music of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Dominica" title="Music of Dominica">Dominica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt" title="Music of Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Music of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eritrea" title="Music of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia" title="Music of Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eswatini" title="Music of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ethiopia" title="Music of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland" title="Music of Finland">Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gabon" title="Music of Gabon">Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Gambia" title="Music of the Gambia">Gambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ghana" title="Music of Ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Grenada" title="Music of Grenada">Grenada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea" title="Music of Guinea">Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Music of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guyana" title="Music of Guyana">Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hungary" title="Music of Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iceland" title="Music of Iceland">Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel" title="Music of Israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Music of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" title="Music of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jordan" title="Music of Jordan">Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kenya" title="Music of Kenya">Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kuwait" title="Music of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Music of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Laos" title="Music of Laos">Laos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia" title="Music of Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lebanon" title="Music of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lesotho" title="Music of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liberia" title="Music of Liberia">Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Libya" title="Music of Libya">Libya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liechtenstein" title="Music of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Luxembourg" title="Music of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Madagascar" title="Music of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi" title="Music of Malawi">Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Maldives">Maldives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mali" title="Music of Mali">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta" title="Music of Malta">Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Music of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mauritania" title="Music of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mauritius" title="Music of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Moldova" title="Music of Moldova">Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Monaco" title="Music of Monaco">Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Morocco" title="Music of Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Myanmar" title="Music of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Namibia" title="Music of Namibia">Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal" title="Music of Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" title="Music of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niger" title="Music of Niger">Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nigeria" title="Music of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea" title="Music of North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia" title="Music of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oman" title="Music of Oman">Oman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland" title="Music of Poland">Poland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Qatar" title="Music of Qatar">Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Music of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Rwanda" title="Music of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Music of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Music of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Music of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Samoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_San_Marino" title="Music of San Marino">San Marino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Music of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Senegal" title="Music of Senegal">Senegal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Seychelles" title="Music of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Music of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Singapore" title="Music of Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovakia" title="Music of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somalia" title="Music of Somalia">Somalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Africa" title="Music of South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Korea" title="Music of South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Music of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sudan" title="Music of Sudan">Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Suriname" title="Music of Suriname">Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Syria" title="Music of Syria">Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Music of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Taiwan" title="Music of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tajikistan" title="Music of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tanzania" title="Music of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Thailand" title="Music of Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Timor-Leste" title="Music of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Togo" title="Music of Togo">Togo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tunisia" title="Music of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkmenistan" title="Music of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uganda" title="Music of Uganda">Uganda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Music of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uzbekistan" title="Music of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Western_Sahara" title="Music of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Yemen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Zambia" title="Music of Zambia">Zambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Zimbabwe" title="Music of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td 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instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_jazz_and_popular_music" title="Glossary of jazz and popular music">Jazz and popular music glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Music genres and styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_songs" title="Lists of songs">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_music_terminology" title="Glossary of music terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_music" title="Aesthetics of music">Aesthetics of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_music" title="Fictional music">Fictional music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_emotion" 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