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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 2013 film based on the story, see <a href="/wiki/Black_Nativity_(film)" title="Black Nativity (film)">Black Nativity (film)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><i><span class="summary">Black Nativity</span></i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Negro_Musical_Black_Nativity_in_Rotterdam,_Bestanddeelnr_914-5424.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Negro_Musical_Black_Nativity_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_914-5424.jpg/220px-Negro_Musical_Black_Nativity_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_914-5424.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Negro_Musical_Black_Nativity_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_914-5424.jpg/330px-Negro_Musical_Black_Nativity_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_914-5424.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Negro_Musical_Black_Nativity_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_914-5424.jpg/440px-Negro_Musical_Black_Nativity_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_914-5424.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Black Nativity</i> in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> (1962)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Music</th><td class="infobox-data">Traditional gospel spirituals chosen by <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lyrics</th><td class="infobox-data">Traditional gospel spirituals chosen by <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Book_(musical_theatre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book (musical theatre)">Book</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basis</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nativity_play" title="Nativity play">The Nativity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Productions</th><td class="infobox-data">1961 <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">Off-Broadway</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Black Nativity</b></i> is an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_play" title="Nativity play">Nativity</a> story by <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a>, performed by an entirely black cast. Hughes was the author of the book, with the lyrics and music being derived from traditional <a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Christmas carols</a>, sung in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a> style, with a few songs created specifically for the show. The show was first performed <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">Off-Broadway</a> on December 11, 1961, and was one of the first plays written by an African American to be staged there. </p><p>Hughes developed <i>Black Nativity</i> in 1961 after the founders of <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>'s famous <a href="/wiki/Karamu_House" title="Karamu House">Karamu House</a>, Rowena and Russell Jelliffe, commissioned him for the project. As a young man, Hughes had premiered many of plays there and remained lifelong friends with the Jelliffes. <i>Black Nativity</i> was originally to be titled <i>Wasn't That a Mighty Day?</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A week before the musical's December 1961 opening, dancers <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey" title="Alvin Ailey">Alvin Ailey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carmen_de_Lavallade" title="Carmen de Lavallade">Carmen de Lavallade</a> withdrew from their roles as Joseph and Mary over the title changing to <i>Black Nativity</i>, objecting to the racialization of a religious term.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their roles were filled by Clive Thompson and Cleo Quitman, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Johnson_(dancer/choreographer)" title="Louis Johnson (dancer/choreographer)">Louis Johnson</a>, who had replaced Ailey and de Lavallade as choreographer, received criticism from the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Amsterdam_News" title="New York Amsterdam News">New York Amsterdam News</a></i> for dancing that was too constrained by the small stage to match the gospel singing.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The show begins with the theater completely darkened. Barefoot singers clad only in white robes and carrying (electric) candles walk in, singing the classic hymn "<a href="/wiki/Go_Tell_It_on_the_Mountain_(song)" title="Go Tell It on the Mountain (song)">Go Tell It on the Mountain</a>". The birth of Jesus is one of the most dramatic aspects of the show, as the stage--previously lit with orange and blue lights--is bathed in a deep red hue. Mary's contractions are echoed through the use of <a href="/wiki/African_drums" class="mw-redirect" title="African drums">African drums</a> and percussion. The <a href="/wiki/Three_Wise_Men" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Wise Men">Three Wise Men</a> are often played by prominent members of the black community in the neighboring area, and have no singing parts. The show closes with the chorus singing a reprise of "Go Tell It on the Mountain" as they walk out in darkness. A final <a href="/wiki/Soliloquy" title="Soliloquy">soliloquy</a> by a young child ends the performance. </p><p>The show had a successful tour of Europe in 1962, one of its appearances being at the <a href="/wiki/Festival_dei_Due_Mondi" title="Festival dei Due Mondi">Spoleto Festival of Two Worlds</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Black Nativity</i> has been performed annually in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, at various locations, such as: the <a href="/wiki/Elma_Lewis_School_of_Fine_Arts" title="Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts">Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts</a>, Boston Opera House, Tremont Temple, Roxbury Community College, Northeastern's Blackman Auditorium, and presently at Emerson College's Paramount Theater. It has been performed in Boston since 1970 and is considered the longest-running production of Langston Hughes' <i>Black Nativity</i>. The original 160 singers were arranged by age group and <a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">vocal range</a>, with an assortment of soloists, along with the <a href="/wiki/Narrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrator">narrator</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary,_the_mother_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, the mother of Jesus">Mary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a>, who are both mute, as well as musicians and <a href="/wiki/ASL_interpreting" title="ASL interpreting">ASL interpreters</a>. </p><p>A performance of this musical also has taken place every Christmas season since 1998 in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, first at the <a href="/wiki/Intiman_Theatre" title="Intiman Theatre">Intiman Theatre</a> and currently at the <a href="/wiki/Moore_Theatre" title="Moore Theatre">Moore Theatre</a>. The theatrical director is Jackie Moscou, the music director is <a href="/wiki/Patrinell_Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrinell Wright">Patrinell Wright</a>, and the choreography was designed by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Byrd_(choreographer)" title="Donald Byrd (choreographer)">Donald Byrd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a smaller production with 30 or so choir members – most of whom are also members of The Total Experience Gospel Choir, led by Pastor Patrinell Wright,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the performance also includes 10 dancers and five musicians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Nativity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, a documentary film was made about the world premiere performance, production, and creation of the best-selling gospel Christmas album <i>Black Nativity – In Concert: A Gospel Celebration</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the original cast, under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Robinson_(composer)" title="Aaron Robinson (composer)">Aaron Robinson</a> that brought it to life at the Immanuel Baptist Church in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Black_Nativity_(film)" title="Black Nativity (film)">film version</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Kasi_Lemmons" title="Kasi Lemmons">Kasi Lemmons</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> was released on November 27, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Nativity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaramu_Performing_Arts_Theatre" class="citation web cs1">Karamu Performing Arts Theatre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/story/langston-hughes-39-black-nativity-karamu-house/AAUhSM2eXcpKEw?hl=en">"Langston Hughes' Black Nativity"</a>. Google Arts & Culture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Langston+Hughes%27+Black+Nativity&rft.pub=Google+Arts+%26+Culture&rft.au=Karamu+Performing+Arts+Theatre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fstory%2Flangston-hughes-39-black-nativity-karamu-house%2FAAUhSM2eXcpKEw%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkeeter" class="citation web cs1">Skeeter, Sharyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120701111807/http://african-american-playwrights.suite101.com/article.cfm/black_nativity_by_langston_hughes">"Black Nativity by Langston Hughes"</a>. Suite. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://african-american-playwrights.suite101.com/article.cfm/black_nativity_by_langston_hughes">the original</a> on July 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Nativity+by+Langston+Hughes&rft.pub=Suite&rft.aulast=Skeeter&rft.aufirst=Sharyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafrican-american-playwrights.suite101.com%2Farticle.cfm%2Fblack_nativity_by_langston_hughes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZolotow1961" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Zolotow" title="Sam Zolotow">Zolotow, Sam</a> (December 4, 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyti.ms/3wFNn6n">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Rich and Famous' Adds a Producer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 49<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Rich+and+Famous%27+Adds+a+Producer&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1961-12-04&rft.aulast=Zolotow&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyti.ms%2F3wFNn6n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaren1997" class="citation journal cs1">McLaren, Joseph (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26434461">"From Protest to Soul Fest: Langston Hughes' Gospel Plays"</a>. <i>The Langston Hughes Review</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 49–61. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0737-0555">0737-0555</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Langston+Hughes+Review&rft.atitle=From+Protest+to+Soul+Fest%3A+Langston+Hughes%27+Gospel+Plays&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-61&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0737-0555&rft.aulast=McLaren&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26434461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert M Marovich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rbJ_BwAAQBAJ&dq=black+nativity+1962+europe+tour&pg=PA249"><i>A City Called Heaven: Chicago and the Birth of Gospel Music</i></a>, University of Illinois Press, 2015, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418111227/http://stgpresents.org/artists/?artist=1594">"Moore Theater performance in Seattle of Black Nativity"</a>. STG Presents. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stgpresents.org/artists/?artist=1594">the original</a> on April 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moore+Theater+performance+in+Seattle+of+Black+Nativity&rft.pub=STG+Presents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstgpresents.org%2Fartists%2F%3Fartist%3D1594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714174032/http://www.totalexperiencegospelchoir.org/bio.html">"Pastor Patrinell Wright - Founder/Director"</a>. Total Experience Gospel Choir. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.totalexperiencegospelchoir.org/bio.html">the original</a> on July 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pastor+Patrinell+Wright+-+Founder%2FDirector&rft.pub=Total+Experience+Gospel+Choir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.totalexperiencegospelchoir.org%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeWan2004" class="citation web cs1">DeWan, Becca (December 3–9, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610215058/http://www.portlandphoenix.com/music/other_stories/documents/04301692.asp">"Back in Black"</a>. <i>The Portland Phoenix</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandphoenix.com/music/other_stories/documents/04301692.asp">the original</a> on June 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Portland+Phoenix&rft.atitle=Back+in+Black&rft.date=2004-12-03%2F2004-12-09&rft.aulast=DeWan&rft.aufirst=Becca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandphoenix.com%2Fmusic%2Fother_stories%2Fdocuments%2F04301692.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2231133/">"Black Nativity: In Concert - A Gospel Celebration"</a>. IMDb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Nativity%3A+In+Concert+-+A+Gospel+Celebration&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt2231133%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1425922/">"Black Nativity (2013)"</a>. IMDb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Nativity+%282013%29&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1425922%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+Nativity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Nativity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blacknativity.org/">BlackNativity.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606151107/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/black-nativity-debuts-broadway">Black Nativity debuts on Broadway</a> from the African American Registry</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009075118/http://www.ncaaa.org/nativity.html">NCAAA page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nypl.org/the/21751">Black nativity files, 1961-1980</a>, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Langston_Hughes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Langston_Hughes" title="Template:Langston Hughes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Langston_Hughes" title="Template talk:Langston Hughes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Langston_Hughes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Langston Hughes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Langston_Hughes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Speaks_of_Rivers" title="The Negro Speaks of Rivers">The Negro Speaks of Rivers</a>" (1921)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mother_to_Son" title="Mother to Son">Mother to Son</a>" (1922)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I,_Too" title="I, Too">I, Too</a>" (1925)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Weary_Blues" title="The Weary Blues">The Weary Blues</a>" (1926)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pierrot_(poem)" title="Pierrot (poem)">Pierrot</a>" (1926)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come_to_the_Waldorf_Astoria" title="Come to the Waldorf Astoria">Come to the Waldorf Astoria</a>" (1931)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_America_be_America_Again" title="Let America be America Again">Let America be America Again</a>" (1938)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Note_on_Commercial_Theatre" title="Note on Commercial Theatre">Note on Commercial Theatre</a>" (1940)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Harlem_(poem)" title="Harlem (poem)">Harlem</a>" (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mississippi%E2%80%931955" title="Mississippi–1955">Mississippi–1955</a>" (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fine_Clothes_to_the_Jew" title="Fine Clothes to the Jew">Fine Clothes to the Jew</a></i> (poems, 1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ways_of_White_Folks" title="The Ways of White Folks">The Ways of White Folks</a></i> (short stories, 1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montage_of_a_Dream_Deferred" title="Montage of a Dream Deferred">Montage of a Dream Deferred</a></i> (poems 1951)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mule_Bone" title="Mule Bone">Mule Bone</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mulatto_(play)" title="Mulatto (play)">Mulatto</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Street_Scene_(opera)" title="Street Scene (opera)">Street Scene</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tambourines_to_Glory" title="Tambourines to Glory">Tambourines to Glory</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Nativity</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jerico-Jim_Crow" title="Jerico-Jim Crow">Jerico-Jim Crow</a></i> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_Without_Laughter" title="Not Without Laughter">Not Without Laughter</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sweet_Flypaper_of_Life" title="The Sweet Flypaper of Life">The Sweet Flypaper of Life</a></i> (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Way_Down_South_(film)" title="Way Down South (film)">Way Down South</a></i> (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Langston_Hughes" title="Carrie Langston Hughes">Carrie Langston Hughes</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Langston" title="Charles Henry Langston">Charles Henry Langston</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mercer_Langston" title="John Mercer Langston">John Mercer Langston</a> (great uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes_Society" title="Langston Hughes Society">Langston Hughes Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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