CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>The Ways of White Folks - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c1aa3e95-7edc-44c1-8a66-aef184aca894","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"The_Ways_of_White_Folks","wgTitle":"The Ways of White Folks","wgCurRevisionId":1214299450,"wgRevisionId":1214299450,"wgArticleId":28040564,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Works by Langston Hughes","American short story collections","1934 short story collections","Alfred A. Knopf books","African-American short story collections"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"The_Ways_of_White_Folks","wgRelevantArticleId":28040564,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7773963","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1679"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1119"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="895"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="The Ways of White Folks - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ways_of_White_Folks"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ways_of_White_Folks"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-The_Ways_of_White_Folks rootpage-The_Ways_of_White_Folks skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=The+Ways+of+White+Folks" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=The+Ways+of+White+Folks" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=The+Ways+of+White+Folks" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=The+Ways+of+White+Folks" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Cora_Unashamed"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Cora_Unashamed""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>"Cora Unashamed"</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-"Cora_Unashamed"-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle "Cora Unashamed" subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-"Cora_Unashamed"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Slave_on_the_Block"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Slave_on_the_Block""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>"Slave on the Block"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Slave_on_the_Block"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Home"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Home""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>"Home"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Home"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Passing"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Passing""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>"Passing"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Passing"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"A_Good_Job_Gone"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"A_Good_Job_Gone""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>"A Good Job Gone"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"A_Good_Job_Gone"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Rejuvenation_Through_Joy"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Rejuvenation_Through_Joy""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>"Rejuvenation Through Joy"</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-"Rejuvenation_Through_Joy"-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle "Rejuvenation Through Joy" subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-"Rejuvenation_Through_Joy"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primitivism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primitivism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primitivism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primitivism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_Blues_I'm_Playing"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Blues_I'm_Playing""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>"The Blues I'm Playing"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Blues_I'm_Playing"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Red-Headed_Baby"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Red-Headed_Baby""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>"Red-Headed Baby"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Red-Headed_Baby"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Poor_Little_Black_Fellow"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Poor_Little_Black_Fellow""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>"Poor Little Black Fellow"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Poor_Little_Black_Fellow"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Little_Dog"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Little_Dog""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>"Little Dog"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Little_Dog"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Berry"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Berry""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>"Berry"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Berry"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Mother_and_Child"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Mother_and_Child""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>"Mother and Child"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Mother_and_Child"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-“One_Christmas_Eve”" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#“One_Christmas_Eve”"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>“One Christmas Eve”</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-“One_Christmas_Eve”-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Father_and_Son"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Father_and_Son""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>"Father and Son"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Father_and_Son"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Review" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Review"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Contemporary Review</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Review-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_Reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_Reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>Posthumous Reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_Reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Ways of White Folks</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7773963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Ways_of_White_Folks" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:The_Ways_of_White_Folks" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Ways_of_White_Folks"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Ways_of_White_Folks"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/The_Ways_of_White_Folks" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/The_Ways_of_White_Folks" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&oldid=1214299450" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&id=1214299450&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Ways_of_White_Folks"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Ways_of_White_Folks"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Ways_of_White_Folks" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7773963" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Book by Langston Hughes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Ways of White Folks <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ways+of+White+Folks&rft.author=%5B%5BLangston+Hughes%5D%5D&rft.date=June+18th%2C+1934&rft.pub=%5B%5BAlfred+A.+Knopf%7CKnopf%5D%5D+%28first+edition%29%3Cbr%2F%3E%5B%5BVintage+Books%7CVintage%5D%5D+%281990%29&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=248+%28first+edition%29+%2F+272+%281990+paperback%29"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg/220px-Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg/330px-Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg/440px-Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Short_story_collection" title="Short story collection">Short story collection</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Knopf</a> (first edition)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage</a> (1990)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">June 18th, 1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">248 (first edition) / 272 (1990 paperback)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-72817-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-72817-1">0-679-72817-1</a> (1990 paperback)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)"><abbr title="Library of Congress Classification">LC Class</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">PZ3.H87313 Way PS3515.U274</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Scottsboro Limited (1932) </i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Ways of White Folks</b></i> is a collection of fourteen short stories by <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a>, published in 1934. Hughes wrote the book during a year he spent living in <a href="/wiki/Carmel-by-the-Sea,_California" title="Carmel-by-the-Sea, California">Carmel-by-the-Sea</a>, California.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  The collection addresses multiple dimensions of racial issues, focusing specifically on the unbalanced yet interdependent power dynamics between Black and White people.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Hughes, the short stories are inspired either by his own lived experiences or those of others he encountered.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He finished the book in the year he spent in <a href="/wiki/Carmel,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmel, California">Carmel, California</a>, immediately upon return from an extended trip to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. While working, he primarily lived in a cottage, fondly known as “Ennesfree.” The cottage was provided by <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Sullivan" title="Noël Sullivan">Noel Sullivan</a>, one of several of Hughes’ <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patrons</a>. </p><p>Hughes’ stay in Carmel is marked by notable sense of deep community connection<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sustenance. In a letter to close friends, Matt and Evelyn "Nebby" Crawford, he laments: "A few months ago I was worried about being undernourished in <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>. Now, I['m] worried about being over-nourished in Carmel."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As for his career, the time between 1933 and 1934<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spent in Carmel is considered by Hughes to be the first extended amount of time that he could stay in one community and devote himself to his craft. He worked ten to twelve hours each day, completing at least one story or article each week. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the book is his first collection of short stories, several of the works included in <i>The Ways of White Folks</i> were originally printed in other publications. These publications include <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_American_Mercury" title="The American Mercury">The American Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scribner%27s_Magazine" title="Scribner's Magazine">Scribner’s</a>, Opportunity, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Eagle" title="Brooklyn Eagle">The Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>, Debate, and Abbott’s Monthly.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The collection consists of 14 short stories: </p><p>I. “<b>Cora Unashamed</b>” is the first story within the collection. The narrative details Cora Jenkins’ life as one of the only Black persons in a rural-American town. The short story explores themes of societal discrimination based on race, class, and sex.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>II. “<b>Slave on the Block</b>” is the second story within the collection, a <a href="/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek" title="Tongue-in-cheek">tongue-in-cheek</a> exploration of the Carraways, a married White artist couple, and the reductive relationship they have with Luther and Mattie, their Black employees. The short story was originally published in the September 1933 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Scribner%27s_Magazine" title="Scribner's Magazine">Scribner’s Magazine</a><b>.</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>III. “<b>Home”</b> is the third story within the collection, detailing the return of talented violinist Roy Williams to his hometown of Hopkinsville, Missouri. The work was originally published under the name “The Folks at Home” in the May 1934 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IV. “<b>Passing</b>” is the fourth story within the collection. The narrative is delivered by Jack through a letter to his mother, where he reveals the complex experience of <a href="/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)" title="Passing (racial identity)">passing</a> as White, despite identifying as Black. </p><p>V. “<b>A Good Job Done</b>” is the fifth story within the collection. The story explores the occupation of a young man working for a well-off Mr. Lloyd, and the conditions that led to the end of the job. The short work was originally published in the April 1934 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire Magazine</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VI. “<b>Rejuvenation Through Joy</b>” is the sixth story within the collection. The narrative details the mayhem of con-man Eugene Lesche and his jazz-themed soul colony, created to help people achieve spiritual enlightenment. The work comments on the African primitivist aesthetic, qualifying previous historical focuses of the lens, while still advocating for its relevance.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VII. “<b>The Blues I’m Playing</b>” is the seventh story within the collection. The work details the <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a> relationship between Osceola Jones, a young Black pianist, and her patron, Mrs. Ellsworth. The short story was originally published in the May 1934 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Scribner%27s_Magazine" title="Scribner's Magazine">Scribner’s Magazine</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VIII. “<b>Red-Headed Baby</b>” is the eighth story within the collection. The story recounts consequences of Mister Clarence's, a white seaman, return to a small town on the coast of Florida to visit a former lover, a biracial Betsy. </p><p>IX. “<b>Poor Little Black Fellow</b>” is the ninth story within the collection, describing the life of Arnie, a Black <a href="/wiki/Orphan" title="Orphan">orphan</a> left in the care of the White <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper-class</a> Pemberton couple. The story explores Arnie’s isolation as the only Black member of his <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> community, and his experience abroad searching for connection. </p><p>X. “<b>Little Dog</b>” is the tenth story within the collection, detailing the lives of the lonely Miss Briggs, her little white dog Flips, and the new Black janitor, Joe. </p><p>XI. “<b>Berry</b>” is the eleventh story within the collection. The story focuses on Millberry Jones', a young Black man, time working for <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a> for disabled children. </p><p>XII. “<b>Mother and Child</b>” is the twelfth story within the collection, depicting the impacts of an interracial affair and the resulting child’s birth on a small <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> town. </p><p>XIII. “<b>One Christmas Eve</b>” is the thirteenth story within the collection. The story examines Joe's, a young Black child, experience meeting <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">White-only</a> movie theater. </p><p>XIV. “<b>Father and Son</b>” is the fourteenth and final story within the collection. The story details the lives and relationship of <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a> owner Colonel Thomas Norwood and his biracial, rebellious son, Bert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Cora_Unashamed""><span id=".22Cora_Unashamed.22"></span>"Cora Unashamed"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "Cora Unashamed""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary">Summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Cora Unashamed” introduces forty-year-old Cora Jenkins’ life as one of the only Black persons in the rural town of Melton. Cora has a child with a White foreigner, Joe, out of wedlock. Upon realization of Cora’s pregnancy, Joe leaves town and Cora, forcing her to raise Josephine on her own. Cora also works as a maid for the high-society Studevant family, cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the Studevant’s child, Jessie. Upon Josephine’s early death from <a href="/wiki/Whooping_cough" title="Whooping cough">whooping-cough</a>, Cora begins to treat Jessie as her own child. The two develop an incredibly close relationship throughout the years. When Jessie becomes pregnant just before graduating high school, Cora bears the responsibility of informing the senior Studevants. Jessie's parents are incredibly ashamed of the premarital pregnancy and induce an unwanted abortion upon Jessie. Jessie ultimately dies from distress a few weeks after the procedure. Cora is distraught at the loss of Jessie. She attends Jessie’s funeral and publicly accuses the Studevants of killing both Jessie and the child. Afterwards, despite no longer working for the Studevants, the Jenkins family still “manage[s] to get along.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception">Reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>David Herbert Donald called "Cora Unashamed" "a brilliantly realized portrait of an isolated black woman in a small Middle Western town, who stoically survives her own sorrows but in the end lashes out against the hypocrisy of the whites who employ her."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt96_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt96-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That story was <a href="/wiki/Literary_adaptation" title="Literary adaptation">adapted into a film</a> <a href="/wiki/Cora_Unashamed" title="Cora Unashamed">of the same name</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_American_Collection" title="The American Collection">The American Collection</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Pratt" title="Deborah Pratt">Deborah M. Pratt</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Regina_Taylor" title="Regina Taylor">Regina Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Jones" title="Cherry Jones">Cherry Jones</a>, and released in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cinematographer Ernest Holzman won an <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="American Society of Cinematographers">American Society of Cinematographers (ASC)</a> Award, for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Movies of the Week/Mini-Series'/Pilot for Network or Basic Broadcast TV, for his work on this film.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Slave_on_the_Block""><span id=".22Slave_on_the_Block.22"></span>"Slave on the Block"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: "Slave on the Block""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Slave on the Block” is an exploration of the relationship between the Carraways, two affluent White New Yorkers, and Black culture. Michael and Anne Carraway, a musician and an artist respectively, are interested in the exotic aesthetic of Black Art and Black Americans. Upon meeting Luther, the Black nephew of their former cook, the Carraways hire him under pretenses as their gardener. Jobless and recently relocated from the South, Luther happily accepts employment and included accommodations. As time progresses, however, the Carraways become more concerned with using Luther as inspiration for their art, rather than employment. Luther is quickly taken under the wing of Mattie, the older Black maid in the Carraway house. Eventually, the two become romantically involved. Throughout the novel, the Carraways remain oblivious to Mattie and Luther’s personal boundaries, perceiving them as objects of entertainment, inspiration, and housework. Building tensions reach a turning point when Mr. Carraway’s mother comes to visit from <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. After a snide comment from Luther and seeing him bare-chested in the house, the senior Mrs. Carraway screams, calls Luther a slur, and demands his dismissal. Michael Carraway does so immediately. Mattie joins Luther in departure, admonishing the Carraways for their lack of respect and demanding that she and Luther both be paid before leaving. Mr. Carraway complies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Home""><span id=".22Home.22"></span>"Home"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "Home""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Home" details the return of Roy Williams, a talented young jazz musician, to his hometown of Hopkinsville, Missouri. Roy has spent the last half of a decade traveling, performing with an <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a> in night clubs across Europe. He returns due to illness, certain that he will die soon. Upon return to his hometown, Roy challenges the norms of a Black American in the small town he grew up in—he is well-dressed, educated, and has financial means from performing abroad. Despite a cold welcome from his white townsmen, Roy’s mother is elated her violin prodigy son has returned. At his homecoming concert Roy meets Miss Reese, an older White music teacher at the local high school. Miss Reese is particularly impressed with Roy’s talent and invites him to play for her Senior music appreciation class. After the performance, Miss Reese lauds Roy as a true musical artist, despite his poor performance due to the progressing illness. Late one autumn night, a weakened Roy takes a walk through the center of town. During his outing, he is greeted by Miss Reese and the two strike up casual conversation as two appreciators of music. Mid-conversation, Roy is attacked by a White mob under the pretense that he was attacking Miss Reese. The mob <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynches</a> Roy, beating him to death and hanging his naked body on a tree at the edge of town. </p><p>The short story was originally published under the title “The Folks at Home” in <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a></i> in the May 1934 edition, including the description “The story of what happens when an uppty n[--]ger has forgotten his place in his old hometown.”<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Passing""><span id=".22Passing.22"></span>"Passing"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: "Passing""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Passing” is a story told by Jack through a letter to his mother, revealing the complex experience of individuals that can <a href="/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)" title="Passing (racial identity)">pass</a> as White, despite identifying as Black. After physically passing his mother on the street and being unable to acknowledge her, Jack writes to his mother reflecting on his ability to pass. Jack acknowledges he can achieve a higher level of <a href="/wiki/Social_status_of_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Social status of African Americans">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_status_of_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic status of African Americans">economic</a> status because he is categorized as White by society. Despite these benefits, there are still consequences to this passing. As a member of White society, Jack is unable to share his life with his Black family, his mother, and siblings Gladys and Charlie. The letter closes with Jack detailing his hopes and plans for the future, including moving to a big city, marrying a White woman, buying a house, acknowledging only his White children, and never seeing his family again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""A_Good_Job_Gone""><span id=".22A_Good_Job_Gone.22"></span>"A Good Job Gone"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: "A Good Job Gone""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“A Good Job Gone” is written from the perspective of a young Black <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a> student. The young man works for Mr. Lloyd, a well-off man with a propensity for women and liquor, as a <a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">domestic servant</a>. Mr. Lloyd and the young man have an amicable relationship; Mr. Lloyd pays the young man well, the young man does as Mr. Lloyd asks, and the two often drink together. The young man is quite content with their arrangement, until Pauline arrives. Pauline is a Black woman, and the only woman that can hold Mr. Lloyd’s attention. Despite his adoration, Pauline sees Mr. Lloyd as a financial asset, stoking his needs in exchange for financial support. Upon learning Pauline has another lover and is only interested in him monetarily, Mr. Lloyd falls into a drunken stupor. He spends weeks intoxicated and in search of Pauline, who has left Harlem and cannot be found. Upon realizing Pauline is gone, Mr. Lloyd slips into <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a> and is checked into a <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a>. The story concludes with the young man completing college with no means to get to dental school, as he has yet to find another occupation since his good job with Mr. Lloyd has gone. </p><p>The short story was originally published in May 1934 in <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a>,</i> described as “the story twelve men out of every thirteen wanted- but the thirteenth can always skip.”<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Rejuvenation_Through_Joy""><span id=".22Rejuvenation_Through_Joy.22"></span>"Rejuvenation Through Joy"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: "Rejuvenation Through Joy""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Rejuvenation Through Joy” is a narrative detailing the misadventures of Mr. Eugene Lesche, a con-artist capitalizing upon Black culture and stereotypes. Eugene and his longtime business partner Sol Blum open a jazz-themed <a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">cult</a>, connecting the ideas of Black rhythm, happy souls, and the path to spiritual rejuvenation. Eugene Lesche’s Cult of Joy is initially wildly successful, but ultimately fails after a unsuccessul attempted <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">double-homicide</a>. After Lesche’s disappearance, it is revealed by the tabloids that he was a Black man passing for White the entire time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primitivism">Primitivism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Primitivism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of African <a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">primitivism</a>, Hughes simultaneously criticizes the primitivist camp for its absurdity, while still advocating that jazz music illuminates a suppressed aspect of the Western individual’s consciousness, and that African Americans can access this repressed psyche more readily than White folks. The story also comments on the deep issue of Black Americans’, including Hughes, participation in promoting problematic overreaches of primitivism in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""The_Blues_I'm_Playing""><span id=".22The_Blues_I.27m_Playing.22"></span>"The Blues I'm Playing"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: "The Blues I'm Playing""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“The Blues I’m Playing” details the relationship between Oceola Jones, a young Black piano prodigy, and Mrs. Dora Ellsworth, Oceola’s wealthy <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patron</a>. Mrs. Ellsworth demands Osceola prioritize art above else, especially Osceola’s lover, Pete. For a long period of time, Osceola conforms to Mrs. Ellsworth’s requests, moving out of <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> and devoting herself to <a href="/wiki/Pianist" title="Pianist">pianism</a> and the study of art. Eventually, Osceola realizes that her expression of music requires expression, passion, and living, and stands in contrast to Mrs. Ellsworth’s perception of art. When Pete asks Osceola to marry him, Osceola accepts at the expense of losing Mrs. Ellsworth’s patronage. The story concludes with an estranged-Osceola playing her own composition of <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> for an unimpressed Mrs. Ellsworth. </p><p>"The Blues I'm Playing" was originally published in the May 1934 edition of <a href="/wiki/Scribner%27s_Magazine" title="Scribner's Magazine">Scribner's Magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Red-Headed_Baby""><span id=".22Red-Headed_Baby.22"></span>"Red-Headed Baby"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "Red-Headed Baby""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Red-Headed Baby” describes fallout of Mister Clarence, a white seaman’s, return to a small town on the coast of Florida to visit a former lover, a mixed-race Betsy. After a few drinks, Betsy, her mother, and Mister Clarence are interrupted by Clarence, Betsy’s two year old, red-haired, blue-eyed, disabled, white child. Mister Clarence is struck by the existence and appearance of his child, particularly with how similar they look. He leaves abruptly and pays for the alcohol he’s consumed, much to the surprise of Betsy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Poor_Little_Black_Fellow""><span id=".22Poor_Little_Black_Fellow.22"></span>"Poor Little Black Fellow"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Poor Little Black Fellow""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Poor Little Black Fellow” explores the life of Arnie, a Black <a href="/wiki/Orphan" title="Orphan">orphan</a> left in the care of the White Pemberton family. The entire town of Mapelton is overly kind towards Arnie because he is the only Black person in town. Even still, he still feels separated and lonely. In an effort to provide Arnie an unspoiled summer before attending <a href="/wiki/Fisk_University" title="Fisk University">Fisk</a> the next Fall, the Pembertons take Arnie on a trip to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. Upon meeting Claudina Lawrence, a Black starlet from <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, Arnie begins to find a community. The story ends with Arnie’s decision to leave the Pembertons mid-trip and remain in Paris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Little_Dog""><span id=".22Little_Dog.22"></span>"Little Dog"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: "Little Dog""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Little Dog” details the life of Miss Briggs, a lonely head bookkeeper living in New York. One summer, Miss Briggs buys a little white dog and names him “Flips.” After bringing Flips home to her apartment, she enlists the help of her janitor, a young <a href="/wiki/Swedish-speaking_population_of_Finland" title="Swedish-speaking population of Finland">Swedish</a> man, to deliver food for the dog. Miss Briggs’ and Flips’ routine is disrupted when Joe, a Black man, becomes the new janitor. Despite Joe’s kindness and adherence to the food delivery routine, Miss Briggs finds herself uncomfortable and anxious around Joe. Ultimately, she and Flips move out of the apartment complex due to Miss Briggs’ inability to reconcile her emotions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Berry""><span id=".22Berry.22"></span>"Berry"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: "Berry""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Berry” describes Millberry Jones, a young uneducated Black man hired to work in the kitchen at an outpatient facility for <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disabled</a> children. Berry realizes that he is overemployed and underpaid, and suspects that the sanatorium is <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">defrauding</a> its clients and the children in its care. Despite these conditions, Berry forms a close connection with the children. On a trip to the beach with the patients, Berry is blamed for carelessly allowing a child to fall from his wheelchair. Berry is immediately dismissed, without his pay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Mother_and_Child""><span id=".22Mother_and_Child.22"></span>"Mother and Child"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: "Mother and Child""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Mother and Child” depicts a group of Black women’s discussion of a White woman and Black man in town’s new baby. The birth is notable because the couple is interracial and the woman is married to another White man. The women express concerns over heightened racial tensions, and chatter amongst themselves as to what the future holds for the Ohio town and the couple. The story concludes with the beginning of the monthly meeting of Salvation Rock Ladies’ Missionary Society for the Rescue of the African Heathen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="“One_Christmas_Eve”"><span id=".E2.80.9COne_Christmas_Eve.E2.80.9D"></span>“One Christmas Eve”</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: “One Christmas Eve”"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“One Christmas Eve" depicts Arcie and her five-year-old son's, Joe, Christmas Eve shopping trip. Arcie, intent on providing Joe an acceptable Christmas, does not notice when her son slips away to see <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a> in a nearby <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">White-only</a> movie theatre. Upon a fear-inducing encounter with Santa as the only Black child, Joe flees the store and eventually reunites with his mother. After Joe recounts his terrifying experience in the theatre, Arcie tells Joe that the man he met was not the real Santa—he was just an old White man. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Father_and_Son""><span id=".22Father_and_Son.22"></span>"Father and Son"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: "Father and Son""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“Father and Son” is a story about Colonel Thomas Norwood and his half-Black son, Bert Lewis. Growing up, Bert constantly sought acknowledgement from the Colonel as his son. The Colonel’s inability to recognize Bert as his child, coupled with a predisposition to mischief, pushes Bert to rebel throughout his childhood. This strained relationship between the two men continues into Bert’s adulthood. Tensions reach their height one summer after Bert returns to the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a> from college. The Colonel threatens to kill Bert after publicly correcting a young White bank teller for her incorrect counting of change. Before the Colonel can act, Bert strangles him and kills him. Upon discovery of the Colonel’s <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>, a mob forms to punish Bert for his actions. Before the mob can kill him, however, Bert commits <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> with the help of Cora, his mother. The mob is unfulfilled by Bert’s death, so they capture and <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynch</a> Willie, Bert’s older brother. The evening papers report a double lynching of two plantation field hands for murdering Colonel Thomas Norwood, who left no heirs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_2">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_Review">Contemporary Review</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Contemporary Review"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In September 1934 in his monthly column “The Literary Landscape” of the <i><a href="/wiki/North_American_Review" title="North American Review">North American Review</a></i>, Herschel Brickell described the collection as: </p><blockquote><p>“Some of the best stories that have appeared in this country in years… the author is far and way the most talented member of his race who has ever written on his race.”<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Posthumous_Reviews">Posthumous Reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Posthumous Reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In September 1996, upon the publication of a comprehensive edition of Hughes's short stories entitled <i>The Short Stories of Langston Hughes</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8090-1603-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8090-1603-6">0-8090-1603-6</a>), <a href="/wiki/David_Herbert_Donald" title="David Herbert Donald">David Herbert Donald</a>, in a review published by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, wrote:</p><blockquote><p>"Hughes's short stories might occupy a larger place in American literature had they all lived up to the standard he set in <i>The Ways of White Folks,</i> written when he was under the immediate influence of <a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a> and when he was still a passionate socialist. He could not sustain the tone of those powerful, polemical pieces."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt96_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt96-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hans Ostrom. "Langston Hughes's 'The Blues I'm Playing'", in a <i>Reference Guide to Short Fiction,</i> ed. Thomas Riggs. Detroit: St. James Press, 1999, 770-771.</li> <li>Hans Ostrom. <i>Teaching The Ways of White Folks</i>, in <i>Teaching the Harlem Renaissance</i>, ed. Michael Soto. New York: Peter Lang, 2008, Part II, Chapter 13, 137-144.</li> <li>Hans Ostrom. <i>Langston Hughes: A Study of the Short Fiction.</i> New York: Twayne, 1993.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1956" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Langston (1956). <i>I Wonder as I Wander</i> (Reprint ed.). New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 282–285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0938410369" title="Special:BookSources/0938410369"><bdi>0938410369</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Wonder+as+I+Wander&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=282-285&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=1956&rft.isbn=0938410369&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Langston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComprone2005" class="citation book cs1">Comprone, Raphael (November 23, 2005). <i>Poetry, Desire, and Fantasy in the Harlem Renaissance</i>. UPA. pp. 143–159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761833581" title="Special:BookSources/978-0761833581"><bdi>978-0761833581</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poetry%2C+Desire%2C+and+Fantasy+in+the+Harlem+Renaissance&rft.pages=143-159&rft.pub=UPA&rft.date=2005-11-23&rft.isbn=978-0761833581&rft.aulast=Comprone&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2016" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Langston (February 2016). Crawford, Evelyn; Patterson, MaryLouise (eds.). <i>Letters from Langston</i>. University of California Press. pp. 109–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520285347" title="Special:BookSources/9780520285347"><bdi>9780520285347</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+from+Langston&rft.pages=109-116&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2016-02&rft.isbn=9780520285347&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Langston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1934" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Langston (1934). <i>The Ways of White Folks</i> (1st ed.). Knopf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ways+of+White+Folks&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Langston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1933" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Langston (September 1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_scribners-magazine_1933-09_94_3/page/140/mode/2up">"Slave on the Block"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scribner%27s_Magazine" title="Scribner's Magazine">Scribner's Magazine</a></i>. <b>9</b> (3): 141–144 – via Internet Archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scribner%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=Slave+on+the+Block&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=141-144&rft.date=1933-09&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Langston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_scribners-magazine_1933-09_94_3%2Fpage%2F140%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1934" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Langston (May 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classic.esquire.com/article/1934/5/1/the-folks-at-home">"The Folks at Home"</a>. <i>Esquire</i>: 36–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=The+Folks+at+Home&rft.pages=36-37&rft.date=1934-05&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Langston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclassic.esquire.com%2Farticle%2F1934%2F5%2F1%2Fthe-folks-at-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1934" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Langston (April 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classic.esquire.com/article/1934/4/1/a-good-job-gone">"A Good Job Gone"</a>. <i>Esquire</i>: 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=A+Good+Job+Gone&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1934-04&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Langston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclassic.esquire.com%2Farticle%2F1934%2F4%2F1%2Fa-good-job-gone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChinitz1997" class="citation journal cs1">Chinitz, David (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/490095">"Rejuvenation through Joy: Langston Hughes, Primitivism, and Jazz"</a>. <i>American Literary History</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 60–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Falh%2F9.1.60">10.1093/alh/9.1.60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0896-7148">0896-7148</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/490095">490095</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Literary+History&rft.atitle=Rejuvenation+through+Joy%3A+Langston+Hughes%2C+Primitivism%2C+and+Jazz&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=60-78&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0896-7148&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F490095%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Falh%2F9.1.60&rft.aulast=Chinitz&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F490095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1934" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Langston (May 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_scribners-magazine_1934-05_95_5/page/350/mode/2up">"The Blues I'm Playing"</a>. <i>Scribner's Magazine</i>. <b>95</b> (5): 345–351 – via Internet Archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scribner%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Blues+I%27m+Playing&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=345-351&rft.date=1934-05&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Langston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_scribners-magazine_1934-05_95_5%2Fpage%2F350%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt96-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt96_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt96_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald1996" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Herbert_Donald" title="David Herbert Donald">Donald, David Herbert</a> (September 1, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/01/04/22/specials/hughes-stories96.html">"Good Race Men"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Good+Race+Men&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.aulast=Donald&rft.aufirst=David+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F01%2F04%2F22%2Fspecials%2Fhughes-stories96.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/americancollection/cora/whos_who.html">"Cora Unashamed Cast and Credits"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Collection" title="The American Collection">The American Collection</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Collection&rft.atitle=Cora+Unashamed+Cast+and+Credits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fmasterpiece%2Famericancollection%2Fcora%2Fwhos_who.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0233483/awards">"Cora Unashamed (2000) (TV) - Awards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Movie+Database&rft.atitle=Cora+Unashamed+%282000%29+%28TV%29+-+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0233483%2Fawards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrickell1934" class="citation journal cs1">Brickell, Herschel (Sep 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25114509">"The Literary Landscape"</a>. <i>The North American Review</i>. <b>238</b> (3): 279–288. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25114509">25114509</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+North+American+Review&rft.atitle=The+Literary+Landscape&rft.volume=238&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=279-288&rft.date=1934-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25114509%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Brickell&rft.aufirst=Herschel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25114509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/americancollection/cora/works.html">"Works by Langston Hughes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Collection" title="The American Collection">The American Collection</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Collection&rft.atitle=Works+by+Langston+Hughes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fmasterpiece%2Famericancollection%2Fcora%2Fworks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ways+of+White+Folks" class="Z3988"></span>, featuring three of the short stories from <i>The Ways of White Folks</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Langston_Hughes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Langston_Hughes" title="Template:Langston Hughes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Langston_Hughes" title="Template talk:Langston Hughes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Langston_Hughes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Langston Hughes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Langston_Hughes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Speaks_of_Rivers" title="The Negro Speaks of Rivers">The Negro Speaks of Rivers</a>" (1921)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mother_to_Son" title="Mother to Son">Mother to Son</a>" (1922)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I,_Too" title="I, Too">I, Too</a>" (1925)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Weary_Blues" title="The Weary Blues">The Weary Blues</a>" (1926)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pierrot_(poem)" title="Pierrot (poem)">Pierrot</a>" (1926)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come_to_the_Waldorf_Astoria" title="Come to the Waldorf Astoria">Come to the Waldorf Astoria</a>" (1931)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_America_be_America_Again" title="Let America be America Again">Let America be America Again</a>" (1938)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Note_on_Commercial_Theatre" title="Note on Commercial Theatre">Note on Commercial Theatre</a>" (1940)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Harlem_(poem)" title="Harlem (poem)">Harlem</a>" (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mississippi%E2%80%931955" title="Mississippi–1955">Mississippi–1955</a>" (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fine_Clothes_to_the_Jew" title="Fine Clothes to the Jew">Fine Clothes to the Jew</a></i> (poems, 1927)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Ways of White Folks</a></i> (short stories, 1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montage_of_a_Dream_Deferred" title="Montage of a Dream Deferred">Montage of a Dream Deferred</a></i> (poems 1951)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mule_Bone" title="Mule Bone">Mule Bone</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mulatto_(play)" title="Mulatto (play)">Mulatto</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Street_Scene_(opera)" title="Street Scene (opera)">Street Scene</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tambourines_to_Glory" title="Tambourines to Glory">Tambourines to Glory</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Nativity" title="Black Nativity">Black Nativity</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jerico-Jim_Crow" title="Jerico-Jim Crow">Jerico-Jim Crow</a></i> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_Without_Laughter" title="Not Without Laughter">Not Without Laughter</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sweet_Flypaper_of_Life" title="The Sweet Flypaper of Life">The Sweet Flypaper of Life</a></i> (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Way_Down_South_(film)" title="Way Down South (film)">Way Down South</a></i> (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Langston_Hughes" title="Carrie Langston Hughes">Carrie Langston Hughes</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Langston" title="Charles Henry Langston">Charles Henry Langston</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mercer_Langston" title="John Mercer Langston">John Mercer Langston</a> (great uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes_Society" title="Langston Hughes Society">Langston Hughes Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&oldid=1214299450">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&oldid=1214299450</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Langston_Hughes" title="Category:Works by Langston Hughes">Works by Langston Hughes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_short_story_collections" title="Category:American short story collections">American short story collections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1934_short_story_collections" title="Category:1934 short story collections">1934 short story collections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alfred_A._Knopf_books" title="Category:Alfred A. Knopf books">Alfred A. Knopf books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_short_story_collections" title="Category:African-American short story collections">African-American short story collections</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 March 2024, at 03:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ways_of_White_Folks&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f6w29","wgBackendResponseTime":185,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.445","walltime":"0.589","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2135,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":41399,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2091,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":62987,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 523.805 1 -total"," 29.95% 156.869 1 Template:Infobox_book"," 27.82% 145.721 1 Template:Reflist"," 26.22% 137.341 1 Template:Infobox"," 17.41% 91.190 1 Template:Langston_Hughes"," 16.96% 88.862 1 Template:Short_description"," 16.61% 87.008 1 Template:Navbox"," 14.21% 74.415 1 Template:ISBNT"," 13.60% 71.258 4 Template:Cite_book"," 9.43% 49.372 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.273","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6056598,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-gsc6z","timestamp":"20241122160120","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"The Ways of White Folks","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Ways_of_White_Folks","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7773963","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7773963","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-07-15T02:21:59Z","dateModified":"2024-03-18T03:18:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/07\/Ways_of_white_folks_cover.jpg","headline":"book by Langston Hughes"}</script> </body> </html>