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Википедия — донишномаи озод

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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&amp;returnto=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3&amp;returntoquery=variant%3Dtg" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&amp;returnto=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3&amp;returntoquery=variant%3Dtg" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Саҳифаи аслӣ</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Фазоҳои ном"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Намоиши таркиби саҳифа [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Оғоза</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" rel="discussion" title="Баҳси матни таркибии ин саҳифа [t]" accesskey="t"><span>мубоҳисавӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">кирилликӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-tg mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3&amp;variant=tg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg"><span>кирилликӣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-tg-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3&amp;variant=tg-latn" lang="tg-Latn" hreflang="tg-Latn"><span>lotinī</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Назарот"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3&amp;action=edit" title="Ин саҳифа ҳифз карда шудааст. 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.main-top{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.15);margin-bottom:1rem;padding:1rem}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right>ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .main-top-articleCount{margin-bottom:0.5rem}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .main-top-articleCount{display:block}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .main-top-mobileSearch{display:none}}@media(min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .main-top{align-items:center;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Wikipedia_logo_letters_banner.svg");background-position:right;background-repeat:no-repeat;display:flex;margin-bottom:1.5rem;margin-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0;padding-right:1.5rem;padding-top:0}.mw-parser-output .main-top-left{background-image:linear-gradient(to right,#f8f9fa 0%,#f8f9fa 70%,rgba(248,249,250,0)100%);flex:3;padding:2rem 0 2rem 1.5rem}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right{flex:2;margin-top:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right>ul{align-items:center;flex-direction:row-reverse;justify-content:right;margin-top:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .main-top-createArticle+li .mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{padding-right:1em}}</style> <div class="main-top"> <div class="main-top-left"> <h1 id="Ба_Википедия_хуш_омадед," class="main-top-header"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0_.D0.92.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D1.85.D1.83.D1.88_.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B4.2C"></span>Ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Википедия">Википедия</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Википедиа:Ба Википедия хуш омадед">хуш омадед</a>,</h1> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Донишнома">донишномаи</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Муҳтавои озод">озод</a>, ки <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D3%A3_%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Википедиа:Ошноӣ бо донишнома">ҳама метавонанд онро вироиш кунанд</a>. </p> <div class="main-top-mobileSearch"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D2%B6%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF" title="Вижа:Ҷустуҷӯ"><span class="mw-ui-button main-top-mobileSearchButton skin-minerva-search-trigger">Ҷустуҷӯ дар миёни 114&#160;076 мақола</span></a></div> </div> <div class="main-top-right main-plainlist"> <p class="main-top-articleCount">Айни ҳол дар&#160;Википедия <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Вижа:Омор">114&#160;076 мақола</a></b> ба&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Забони тоҷикӣ">забони тоҷикӣ</a> навишта шудааст.</p> <ul> <li class="main-top-createArticle"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%AD%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Википедиа:Эҷоди мақола"><span class="mw-ui-button">Эҷоди мақола</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%B7%D0%B0" title="Роҳнамо:Мундариҷа"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Роҳнамо</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Портал:Дарунмоя"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Порталҳо</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrapper"> <div class="main-wrapper-column"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1026152">.mw-parser-output .main-box{background:#fff;border:solid #c8ccd1;border-width:1px 0;box-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);margin:0 -1rem 1.5rem;padding:1rem}.mw-parser-output .main-box>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .main-box-image-only>.main-box-content{margin:0.5rem -1rem 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .main-box-image-only>.main-box-content img{height:auto;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .main-box-imageCaption{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .main-box-imageCaption>p{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .main-box-subtitle{color:#72777d;line-height:1.25;margin-top:-.125em}.mw-parser-output .main-box-header{margin-top:-.15em}.mw-parser-output .main-box-header a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .main-box-subtitle+.main-box-header{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .main-box-header a:focus,.mw-parser-output .main-box:hover .main-box-header a,.mw-parser-output .main-box:hover .main-featuredLists-item>a{color:#0645ad}.mw-parser-output .main-footer{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;margin-top:1rem;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .main-footer:empty{display:none}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-actions{flex:1}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-actions>ul{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menu{align-items:stretch;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menuToggle{align-items:center;display:flex;float:none;height:100%;opacity:0.87}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menuToggle:hover{opacity:0.51}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menuDropdown{background:#fff;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);max-width:15em;position:absolute;right:0;top:100%;z-index:100}.mw-parser-output .main-footer-menuDropdown .mw-ui-button{text-align:left;width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatright{float:none;margin-left:-1rem;margin-right:-1rem;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatleft>a,.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatright>a{display:block}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .main-box{border-radius:2px;border-width:1px;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media(min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .main-box{margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding:1.5rem}.mw-parser-output .main-box-image-only>.main-box-content{margin-left:-1.5rem;margin-right:-1.5rem}}</style> <div id="main-tfa" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><div class="main-box-subtitle">Мақолаи баргузида</div><h2 id="Ибни_Сино" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B1.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.A1.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BE"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ибни Сино">Ибни Сино</a></h2> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Муҷассамаи Ибни сино дар назди қароргоҳи СММ"><img alt="Муҷассамаи Ибни сино дар назди қароргоҳи СММ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Persian_Scholar_pavilion_in_Viena_UN_%28Avicenna%29.jpg/150px-Persian_Scholar_pavilion_in_Viena_UN_%28Avicenna%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Persian_Scholar_pavilion_in_Viena_UN_%28Avicenna%29.jpg/225px-Persian_Scholar_pavilion_in_Viena_UN_%28Avicenna%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Persian_Scholar_pavilion_in_Viena_UN_%28Avicenna%29.jpg/300px-Persian_Scholar_pavilion_in_Viena_UN_%28Avicenna%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Муҷассамаи Ибни сино дар назди қароргоҳи СММ</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Абӯалӣ Ҳусайн ибни Абдуллоҳ ибни Сино</b> ё <b>Ависенна</b>, машҳур ба <b>Абӯалӣ Сино</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони форсӣ">форсӣ:</a> <span lang="fa" dir="rtl" style="font-style:tahoma;font-size:1.2em">ابوعلى سينا</span>&#8206;; (<a href="/wiki/16_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="16 август">16 августи</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_980" title="Соли 980">соли 980</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D2%B3%D0%B0" title="Деҳа">деҳаи</a> Афшана наздики <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Бухоро">Бухоро</a> — <a href="/wiki/18_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="18 июн">18 июни</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1037" title="Соли 1037">соли 1037</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҳамадон">Ҳамадон</a>) — яке аз бузургтарин донишмандон ва пизишкони замони худ аст. Ҳамчунин ахтаршинос (астроном), кимиёшинос (химик), геолог, мантиқ, палеонтолог, риёзишинос (математик), табииётшинос (физик), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Шоир">шоир</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Равоншинос">равоншинос</a> (психолог), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%84" title="Файласуф">файласуф</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Муаллим">муаллим</a> ва адиби бузурги <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Форс">форсу</a>-<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Тоҷик">тоҷик</a>. </p><p>Вай беш аз 450 рисолаи илмӣ навиштааст, ки то замони мо танҳо 240-то аз он маҳфуз мондаанд. Ин рисолаҳо тамоми соҳаҳои илмро фароҳам гирифта, хусусан, 150-тояшон дар илми фалсафа ва беш аз 40-тои дигар дар илми пизишкӣ ҳастанд. Маъруфтарин асарҳои ӯ китобҳои "Ал-Шифо" ва "Қонун" ҳастанд, ки аз бузуртарин донишномаҳои илмӣ ва фалсафии ҷаҳон буда ва дар донишгоҳҳои Аврупо то асри 19 истифода бурда шудаанд. </p><p>Абӯалӣ Сино дар рушди илми <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Тиб">тиб</a>саҳми бениҳоят арзандае гузоштааст, ки аз таҷрибаҳои худ, илми пизишкии олими грек <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Гален">Гален</a>, метафизикаи <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83" title="Арасту">Арасту</a> (Сино яке аз шарҳдиҳандагони асосии Арасту буд), илми пизишкии <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Форси Қадим (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Форс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Байнаннаҳрайн">Байнаннаҳрайн</a> ва <a href="/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҳинд">Ҳинди</a> қадима сарчашма гирифта, онҳоро ҳамҷоя андӯхтааст. Сино ҳамчу падари тибби замонавӣ ва фармакологияи клиникӣ ба ҳисоб меравад. </p><p>Вай боз асосгузори мантиқи Синоӣ, мактаби фалсафии Синоӣ аст. Ӯ ҳамчу падари мафҳуми фундаменталии физикии <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Моменти ҷисм (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">моменти ҷисм</a> низ маъруф аст. Вайро ҳамчунин "падари геология" низ мешиносанд, ки дар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Қонуни суперпозиция (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">қонуни суперпозицияи</a> геологӣ саҳми арзанда гузоштааст. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ибни Сино"><span class="mw-ui-button">Хондан</span></a></li> <li><span class="nomobile"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Википедиа:Мақолаҳои баргузида"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">1 мақолаи баргузида</span></a></span></li></ul> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-tfa" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-tfa"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Амалҳои дигар"><img alt="Диг. амалҳо" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Википедиа:Номзадҳо ба мақолаҳои баргузида"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Номзадҳо</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Шаблон:Мақолаи баргузидаи ҷорӣ"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Дидани шаблон</span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1026152"> <div id="main-tga" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><div class="main-box-subtitle">Мақолаи хуб</div><h2 id="Абунасри_Форобӣ" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B1.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.A4.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B1.D3.A3"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Абунасри Форобӣ">Абунасри Форобӣ</a></h2> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Тасвири Абунасри Форобӣ дар маркаи Эрон"><img alt="Тасвири Абунасри Форобӣ дар маркаи Эрон" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Iranian_Farabi.jpg/130px-Iranian_Farabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Iranian_Farabi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption>Тасвири Абунасри Форобӣ дар маркаи Эрон</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Абунаср Муҳаммад ибни Муҳаммади Форобӣ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони форсӣ">форсӣ:</a> <span lang="fa" dir="rtl" style="font-style:tahoma;font-size:1.2em">ابونصر محمد بن محمد فارابی</span>&#8206;), маъруф ба — <b>Ал-Форобӣ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Забони арабӣ">ар.</a> <span lang="ar" style="font-size: 110%; font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;">الفارابي</span>&#8206;, дар шакли лотинишуда — <i>Alpharabius</i>; <a href="/wiki/870" class="mw-redirect" title="870">870</a> ё <a href="/wiki/872" class="mw-redirect" title="872">872</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Фороб">Фороб</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Қазоқистон">Қазоқистони кунунӣ</a> — мобайни 1<a href="/wiki/4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80" title="4 декабр">4 декабри</a> <a href="/wiki/950" class="mw-redirect" title="950">950</a> и <a href="/wiki/12_%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="12 январ">12 январи</a> <a href="/wiki/951" class="mw-redirect" title="951">951</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D2%9B" title="Димишқ">Димишқ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сурия">Сурияи</a> кунунӣ) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%84" title="Файласуф">файласуф</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Риёзидон">риёзидон</a>, мусиқишинос ва донишманди машриқзамин. Яке аз бузургтарин намояндагони фалсафаи шарқи асримиёнагӣ. Абӯнаср Муҳаммад ибни Муҳаммад ибни Тархон ибни Узлағи Форобӣ дар ҳудуди соли 257 ҳиҷрии қамарӣ (870 милодӣ) дар Фороби Хуросон (Қазоқистони кунунӣ) ба дунё омадааст. Дар ҷавонӣ барои таҳсил ба Бағдод рафт ва назди Матто ибни Юнус ба фаро гирифтани мантиқ ва фалсафа пардохт. Сипас ба Ҳаррони Сурия сафар кард ва ба шогирдии Юҳанно ибни Ҳилон даромад. Аз оғози кор, ҳуши саршор ва илмомӯзии вай сабаб шуд, ки ҳамаи мавзӯъҳоеро, ки тадрис мешуд, ба хубӣ фаро бигирад. Ба зудӣ номи ӯ ба унвони файласуф ва донишманд шӯҳрат ёфт. Ва чун ба Бағдод бозгашт, гурӯҳе аз шогирдон гирди ӯ ҷамъ омаданд, ки Яҳё ибни Адий, файласуфи масеҳӣ яке аз онон буд. Дар соли 330 ҳиҷрии қамарӣ (941 милодӣ) ба Димишқ рафт ва ба Сайфуддавлаи Ҳамадонӣ, ҳокими Ҳалаб пайваст ва дар зумраи уламои дарбори ӯ даромад. </p><p>Форобӣ аз рӯи маълумоти Ибни Халлиқон дар соли 950 - 951 дар Димишқ дар синни 80-солагӣ&#160; дунёро падруд ва дар қабристони «Бобу-с-сағир» дар даврони салтанати Сайфуддавла бо шукӯҳу қадрдонӣ ба хок супорида шудааст. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Абунасри Форобӣ"><span class="mw-ui-button">Хондан</span></a></li> <li><span class="nomobile"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B1" title="Википедиа:Мақолаҳои хуб"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">1 мақолаи хуб</span></a></span></li></ul> </div><div 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color:#888;">(тоҷ.)</span>&#32;(20&#160;Декабри 2022).&#32;<small>27 Декабри 2022 санҷида шуд.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>www.asiaplus.tj.</i>&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiaplustj.info/tj/news/sports/20221219/argentina-aramoni-aon-va-messi-betarin-bozingar">Аргентина қаҳрамони ҷаҳон ва Мессӣ беҳтарин бозингар</a><span title="ба забони тоҷикӣ" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(тоҷ.)</span>&#32;(19&#160;Декабри 2022).&#32;<small>27 Декабри 2022 санҷида шуд.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>www.pressa.tj.</i>&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://tg.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="n:"><i>Викиахбор</i> <small>Хабарҳо</small></a></li> <li class="main-wikimedia-listItem"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Викидонишгоҳ"><img alt="Викидонишгоҳ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/48px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/72px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/96px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></span></span><a href="https://tg.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:"><i>Викидонишгоҳ</i> <small>Сарчашмаҳои омӯзишӣ</small></a></li> <li class="main-wikimedia-listItem"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Викинамуд"><img alt="Викинамуд" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/48px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/72px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/96px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></span></span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="species:"><i>Викинамуд</i> <small>Намудҳои биологӣ</small></a></li> <li class="main-wikimedia-listItem"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Медиавики"><img alt="Медиавики" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Notification-icon-MediaWiki-logo.svg/48px-Notification-icon-MediaWiki-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Notification-icon-MediaWiki-logo.svg/72px-Notification-icon-MediaWiki-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Notification-icon-MediaWiki-logo.svg/96px-Notification-icon-MediaWiki-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></span></span><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:"><i>Медиавики</i> <small>Нармафзори Вики</small></a></li> <li class="main-wikimedia-listItem"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Викидода"><img alt="Викидода" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/48px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/72px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/96px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></span></span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:"><i>Викидода</i> <small>Пойгоҳи дониш</small></a></li> <li class="main-wikimedia-listItem"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Викианбор"><img alt="Викианбор" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/48px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/72px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/96px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></span></span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="c:"><i>Викианбор</i> <small>Анбори расонаҳо</small></a></li> <li class="main-wikimedia-listItem"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Викисафар"><img alt="Викисафар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/48px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/72px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/96px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></span></span><a href="https://tg.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:"><i>Викисафар</i> <small>Роҳнамои сафар</small></a></li> <li class="main-wikimedia-listItem"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Фаро-вики"><img alt="Фаро-вики" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/48px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/72px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/96px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></span></span><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:"><i>Фаро-вики</i> <small>Ҳамоҳангкунандаи лоиҳаҳо</small></a></li> </ul> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐j5zcn Cached time: 20241124023856 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.249 seconds Real time usage: 0.390 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3315/1000000 Post‐expand 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Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="арабӣ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="бошқирдӣ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="бошқирдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="булғорӣ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="булғорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="чехӣ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="даниягӣ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="даниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="немисӣ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="юнонӣ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="юнонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="испанӣ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="эстонӣ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="форсӣ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="форсӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="финӣ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="ибронӣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ибронӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="маҷорӣ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="маҷорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="италиявӣ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиявӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="японӣ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="гурҷӣ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гурҷӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="қазоқӣ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазоқӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="кореягӣ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="кореягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="литвонӣ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="латишӣ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латишӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="голландӣ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="португалӣ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="руминӣ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="руминӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="сербӣ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="шведӣ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="туркӣ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="туркӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="тоторӣ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" 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