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<meta name="description" content="Search results for: OECD"> <meta name="keywords" content="OECD"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="OECD"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 107</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: OECD</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Neoliberal Policies and International Organizations: The OECD and Higher Education Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ellen%20Holtmaat">Ellen Holtmaat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With an ever increasing influence of international organizations (IOs) on national policies and with the expectation that IOs are the transmission belts of world ideologies it is interesting to see to what extent IOs express a specific ideology and what determines the dominance of this ideology. This thesis looks at the OECD as IO and higher education as a field of policy. Evidence is found that the OECD promotes neoliberal developments in higher education and that its position is influenced by business, dominant countries and the dominant beliefs that are carried by the people working for the OECD that form an epistemic community. These results can possibly be extrapolated to other IOs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title="higher education">higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20organizations" title=" international organizations"> international organizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoliberal" title=" neoliberal"> neoliberal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD" title=" OECD"> OECD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38630/neoliberal-policies-and-international-organizations-the-oecd-and-higher-education-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Analyzing the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Results in Uzbekistan: Insights from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Assessments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nukarova%20Marjona%20Kayimovna">Nukarova Marjona Kayimovna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines Uzbekistan's participation in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022, as the country took part in the assessment for the first time. The analysis delves into the initial results and performance metrics reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). By exploring Uzbekistan's data, the article highlights key findings, trends, and areas of strength and improvement. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Uzbekistan's education system compares on the international stage and to offer insights into potential implications for future educational policies and reforms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PISA" title="PISA">PISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD" title=" OECD"> OECD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis%20of%20Uzbekistan" title=" data analysis of Uzbekistan"> data analysis of Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=results" title=" results"> results</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking." title=" critical thinking."> critical thinking.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194600/analyzing-the-programme-for-international-student-assessment-pisa-results-in-uzbekistan-insights-from-organisation-for-economic-co-operation-and-development-oecd-assessments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Comparison of Budgeting Reforms: A Case Study of Thailand and OECD Member Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattapol%20Pourprasert">Nattapol Pourprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siriwan%20Manowan"> Siriwan Manowan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to find out what budget problems Thailand is facing with and how the results from the comparison between the budgeting reform by Thailand and the reforms by OECD member countries can be used for carrying out budgeting reform of Thailand. The findings from the study on the budget problems that Thailand is facing with reveal that the budgeting system of Thailand lacks of the assessment for the cost-effectiveness of the expenditure of borrowed money and budgets in order to determine whether the expenses are worth the taxes collected from people or not. This is because most popularity policies have unlimited budgets which can lead to the financial risks. Also, these policies create great tax burdens for the descendants in the future and affect the fair distribution of incomes but the Parliament of Thailand never considers these facts. The findings from the comparison between Thai budgeting reform and those by OECD member countries manifest that the traditional budgeting system of Thailand is the department-based budgeting, which is still used without being changed or adjusted in order to fit the new administrative regimes. This traditional budgeting system suggests that a department is responsible for budgeting tasks. Meanwhile, in OECD member countries, budgeting reforms are carried out simultaneously with the reforms of civil service systems so that they are driven in the same directions. The budgeting reforms that rely only on the analyses on economic or technical dimension can hardly lead to success. The budgeting systems of OECD member countries are designed to deal with the unique problems that each of the member countries is facing with rather than adopting the modern system developed by other countries. The budgeting system that has a complicated concept and practice has to be implemented under a flexible strategy so that the departments that implement it can learn about and adjust itself to the system. Continuous and consistent development and training for staff members are also necessary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budgeting%20reforms" title="budgeting reforms">budgeting reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD%20member%20countries" title=" OECD member countries"> OECD member countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budget%20problems" title=" budget problems"> budget problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13375/comparison-of-budgeting-reforms-a-case-study-of-thailand-and-oecd-member-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Impact of Foreign Trade on Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis for OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20Guvenek">Burcu Guvenek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duygu%20Baysal%20Kurt"> Duygu Baysal Kurt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of foreign trade on economic growth has been discussed since the Classical Economists. Today, foreign trade has become more important for the country's economy with the increasing globalization. When it comes to foreign trade, policies which may vary from country to country and from time to time as protectionism or free trade are implemented. In general, the positive effect of foreign trade on economic growth is alleged. However, as studies supporting this general acceptance take place in the economics literature, there are also studies in the opposite direction. In this paper, the impact of foreign trade on economic growth will be investigated with the help of panel data analysis. For this research, 24 OECD countries’ GDP and foreign trade data, including the period of 1990 and 2010, will be used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20trade" title="foreign trade">foreign trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD%20countries" title=" OECD countries"> OECD countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20data%20analysis" title=" panel data analysis"> panel data analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8694/impact-of-foreign-trade-on-economic-growth-a-panel-data-analysis-for-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Budgeting Procedures and Fiscal Stance of OECD Countries in the Wake of Global Economic Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulia%20Kasperskaya">Yulia Kasperskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramon%20Xifr%C3%A9"> Ramon Xifré</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Budgetary procedures are considered to be important for countries’ fiscal performance. The objective of this paper is to analyze this relationship for the OECD countries in the wake of global economic crisis taking into consideration countries’ fiscal conditions and institutional arrangements. We test whether groups of countries that are fiscally different after the crisis differ in their use of budgetary procedures including performance budgeting, transparency mechanisms and medium-term expenditure framework. For this purpose, we classify OECD countries in two groups according to the variations, in debt to GDP ratio between 2008 and 2014. We then analyze the intensity of use of budget procedures taking into account countries’ economic conditions during the crisis. Our first finding is that there is no monotonic relationship between the intensity of use of these three budgetary procedures and enhanced fiscal performance. Countries showing similar fiscal performance scored differently in terms of on budgetary procedures. We, therefore, review the budgetary frameworks and trajectories of several countries that are fiscally sound. From this qualitative analysis, we derive a set of factors that may enhance the efficiency of budgetary procedures. This suggests that a given budgetary procedure may have different effects in different countries depending on their economic and administrative settings. Our results are thus in line with those studies that reject one-size-fits-all approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budget%20procedures" title="budget procedures">budget procedures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiscal%20performance" title=" fiscal performance"> fiscal performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD" title=" OECD"> OECD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20budgeting" title=" performance budgeting"> performance budgeting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53504/budgeting-procedures-and-fiscal-stance-of-oecd-countries-in-the-wake-of-global-economic-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Interest Charges and Sustainability Challenges: The Case of OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aime%20Philombe%20Zapji%20Ymele">Aime Philombe Zapji Ymele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Servicing public debt is a significant budgetary burden. In the sense that the payment of interest charges is a liability on the balance sheet of the public budget and affects fiscal policy. Interest charges can sometimes become a burden if they crowd out private activities. In order to analyse and understand the determinants of the debt burden and its impact on the sustainability of public finances, the present work focuses on OECD countries. It is noted from the literature that the factors that determine interest charges are macroeconomic (inflation, GDP growth, and interest rates) and public finances (primary balance and public debt). After analysing a panel of 33 OECD countries and using ordinary least squares (OLS), we find that public debt, inflation, and long-term interest rates are positively correlated with interest charges. An increase in any of these variables leads to an increase in debt charges. On the other hand, a growth in GDP is negatively associated with interest charges. Indeed, an increase in GDP generates enough revenue to meet the repayment of debt charges. According to the empirical analysis, we can say that, despite the large and growing debt-to-GDP ratio of major OECD countries, interest charges are not a threat to the sustainability of public finances. However, it is important for these countries to reduce the ratio of public debt to GDP because, in the face of the many challenges (health, aging population, etc.) that are looming on the horizon, an increase in interest rates could bring with it considerable burdens that would threaten the budgetary balance of these states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20charges" title="interest charges">interest charges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20debt" title=" public debt"> public debt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20rates" title=" interest rates"> interest rates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147075/interest-charges-and-sustainability-challenges-the-case-of-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Interest Charges and Sustainability Challenges: The Case of OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zapji%20Ymele%20Aime%20Philombe">Zapji Ymele Aime Philombe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Servicing public debt is a significant budgetary burden in the sense that the payment of interest charges is a liability on the balance sheet of the public budget and affects fiscal policy. Interest charges can sometimes become a burden if they crowd out private activities. In order to analyse and understand the determinants of the debt burden and its impact on the sustainability of public finances, the present work focuses on OECD countries. It is noted from the literature that the factors that determine interest charges are macroeconomic (inflation, GDP growth and interest rates) and public finances (primary balance and public debt). After analysing a panel of 33 OECD countries and using ordinary least squares (OLS), we find that public debt, inflation and long-term interest rates are positively correlated with interest charges. An increase in any of these variables leads to an increase in debt charges. On the other hand, a growth in GDP is negatively associated with interest charges. Indeed, an increase in GDP generates enough revenue to meet the repayment of debt charges. According to the empirical analysis, we can say that, despite the large and growing debt-to-GDP ratio of major OECD countries, interest charges are not a threat to the sustainability of public finances. However, it is important for these countries to reduce the ratio of public debt to GDP because, in the face of the many challenges (health, aging population, etc.) that are looming on the horizon, an increase in interest rates could bring with it considerable burdens that would threaten the budgetary balance of these states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interests%20charges" title="interests charges">interests charges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20debt" title=" public debt"> public debt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20rates" title=" interest rates"> interest rates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143275/interest-charges-and-sustainability-challenges-the-case-of-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> How Western Donors Allocate Official Development Assistance: New Evidence From a Natural Language Processing Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Benson">Daniel Benson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yundan%20Gong"> Yundan Gong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20Kirk"> Hannah Kirk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advancement in national language processing techniques has led to increased data processing speeds, and reduced the need for cumbersome, manual data processing that is often required when processing data from multilateral organizations for specific purposes. As such, using named entity recognition (NER) modeling and the Organisation of Economically Developed Countries (OECD) Creditor Reporting System database, we present the first geotagged dataset of OECD donor Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects on a global, subnational basis. Our resulting data contains 52,086 ODA projects geocoded to subnational locations across 115 countries, worth a combined $87.9bn. This represents the first global, OECD donor ODA project database with geocoded projects. We use this new data to revisit old questions of how ‘well’ donors allocate ODA to the developing world. This understanding is imperative for policymakers seeking to improve ODA effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20aid" title="international aid">international aid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geocoding" title=" geocoding"> geocoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subnational%20data" title=" subnational data"> subnational data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176229/how-western-donors-allocate-official-development-assistance-new-evidence-from-a-natural-language-processing-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> The Impact of Economic Freedom on Entrepreneurship Motivation: A Gendered Perspective on OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepideh%20Khavarinezhad">Sepideh Khavarinezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paolo%20Pietro%20Biancone"> Paolo Pietro Biancone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper sheds light on how gender entrepreneurship is influenced by economic freedom in OECD countries. Our study empirically explores the interaction of financial institutions and its effect of both motivations on total entrepreneurial activities (TEA) of women and men in these countries and to discuss the differences between women and men in this field, which is always a hot topic in entrepreneurship. Employing a dynamic method, we conducted panel data analysis in the time frame from 2012-2015. In this regard, we evaluate the relationship between the Index of Economic Freedoms and its three years, and both indicators of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) on supportive financial institutions. We investigate that economic liberalization tends to persuade men and women entrepreneurs to start their businesses or to reduce motivation entrepreneurship. In particular, our paper demonstrates that motivation entrepreneurship seems to benefit from government support and fade barriers in legal structure in business, while we expect to confirm that free trade and economic freedom stimulate the entrepreneur’s motivation and their participation to start own business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20freedom" title="economic freedom">economic freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20entrepreneurship" title=" gender entrepreneurship"> gender entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20institutions" title=" financial institutions"> financial institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD%20countries" title=" OECD countries"> OECD countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111103/the-impact-of-economic-freedom-on-entrepreneurship-motivation-a-gendered-perspective-on-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> The Increasing Importance of CFC Rules: An OECD+ Country Overview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Prettl">Axel Prettl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides an overview of the different CFC rule settings in the OECD and 22 additional countries for the years 2004 to 2014 and compares them. In order to do so, it gives a summary of law amendments for every country, provides a comparison and afterwards all CFC rules are rated in their ”power of anti-avoidance” over time. For that rating of CFC rules, the largest common denominator of rule characteristics is used to keep it as abstract as necessary and possible. The paper points out that the CFC rules in the considered countries are very different in their specifications and they reach from very strict to very low binding. All in all these rules get more and more common and important; more countries implement a CFC legislation and the strictness of most of them rises over time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFC%20rules" title="CFC rules">CFC rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20taxation" title=" international taxation"> international taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20taxation" title=" corporate taxation"> corporate taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=country%20comparison" title=" country comparison"> country comparison</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46197/the-increasing-importance-of-cfc-rules-an-oecd-country-overview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Performance Management in Public Administration on Chile and Portugal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lilian%20Bambirra%20De%20Assis">Lilian Bambirra De Assis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Albuquerque%20Gomes"> Patricia Albuquerque Gomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamila%20Pagel%20De%20Oliveira"> Kamila Pagel De Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deborah%20%20Oliveira%20Santos"> Deborah Oliveira Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Esteves%20Chaves%20Campos"> Marcelo Esteves Chaves Campos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aimed to analyze how performance management occurs in the context of the modernization of the federal public sector in Chile and Portugal. To do so, the study was based on a theoretical framework that covers the modernization of public administration to performance management, passing on people management. The work consisted of qualitative-descriptive research in which 16 semi-structured interviews were applied in the countries of study and documents and legislation were used referring to the subject. Performance management, as well as other people management subsystems, is criticized for using private sector management tools, based on a results-driven logic. From this point of view, it is understood that certain practices of the private sector, regarding the measurement of performance, can not be simply inserted in the scenario of the public administration. Beyond this criticism, performance management can contribute to the achievement of the strategic objectives of the countries and its focus is upward, a trend that can be verified through the manuals produced; by the interest of consultants and professional organizations, both public and private; and OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) evaluations. In Portugal, public administration reform was implemented during the Constitutional Government (2005-2009) and had as its objective the restructuring of human resources management, with an emphasis on its integration with budget management, which is an inclination of the OECD, while in Chile HRM (Human Resource Management) practices are directed to ministries to a lesser extent than the OECD average. The central human resources management sector, for the most part, coordinates policy but is also responsible for other issues, including payment and classification systems. Chile makes less use of strategic Human Resource Management practices than the average of OECD countries, and its prominence lies in the decentralization of public bodies, which may grant autonomy, but fragments the implementation of policies and practices in that country since they are not adopted by all organs. Through the analysis, it was possible to identify that Chile and Portugal have practices and personnel management policies that make reference to performance management, which is similar to other OECD countries. The study countries also have limitations to implement performance management and the results indicate that there are still processes to be perfected, such as performance appraisal and compensation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20of%20people%20in%20the%20public%20sector" title="management of people in the public sector">management of people in the public sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernization%20of%20public%20administration" title=" modernization of public administration"> modernization of public administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20management%20in%20the%20public%20sector" title=" performance management in the public sector"> performance management in the public sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRM" title=" HRM"> HRM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD" title=" OECD"> OECD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123748/performance-management-in-public-administration-on-chile-and-portugal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Modeling Heat-Related Mortality Based on Greenhouse Emissions in OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20Ngowa%20Chembe">Anderson Ngowa Chembe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Olukuru"> John Olukuru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greenhouse emissions by human activities are known to irreversibly increase global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. This study seeks to propose a mortality model with sensitivity to heat-change effects as one of the underlying parameters in the model. As such, the study sought to establish the relationship between greenhouse emissions and mortality indices in five OECD countries (USA, UK, Japan, Canada & Germany). Upon the establishment of the relationship using correlation analysis, an additional parameter that accounts for the sensitivity of heat-changes to mortality rates was incorporated in the Lee-Carter model. Based on the proposed model, new parameter estimates were calculated using iterative algorithms for optimization. Finally, the goodness of fit for the original Lee-Carter model and the proposed model were compared using deviance comparison. The proposed model provides a better fit to mortality rates especially in USA, UK and Germany where the mortality indices have a strong positive correlation with the level of greenhouse emissions. The results of this study are of particular importance to actuaries, demographers and climate-risk experts who seek to use better mortality-modeling techniques in the wake of heat effects caused by increased greenhouse emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20risk" title="climate risk">climate risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20emissions" title=" greenhouse emissions"> greenhouse emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee-Carter%20model" title=" Lee-Carter model"> Lee-Carter model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD" title=" OECD"> OECD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59701/modeling-heat-related-mortality-based-on-greenhouse-emissions-in-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Social Capital and Human Capital: An OECD Countries' Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20Khare">Shivani Khare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is of paramount concern for economists to uncover the factors that determine human capital development, considered now to be one of the major factors behind economic growth and development. However, no human action is isolated but rather works within the set-up of the society. In recent years, a new field of investigation has come up that analyses the relationships that exist between social and human capital. Along these lines, this paper explores the effect of social capital on the indicators of human capital development – life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and per capita income. The applied part of the analysis is performed using a panel data model for OECD countries and by using a series of chronological periods that within the 2005–2020 time frame. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title="social capital">social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital%20development" title=" human capital development"> human capital development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks" title=" social networks"> social networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomics" title=" socioeconomics"> socioeconomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147291/social-capital-and-human-capital-an-oecd-countries-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> The Effectiveness of Energy-related Tax in Curbing Transport-related Carbon Emissions: The Role of Green Finance and Technology in OECD Economies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Taimoor">Hassan Taimoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Krajewski"> Piotr Krajewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Gabrielzcak"> Piotr Gabrielzcak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being responsible for the largest source of energy-related emissions, the transportation sector is driven by more than half of global oil demand and total energy consumption, making it a crucial factor in tackling climate change and environmental degradation. The present study empirically tests the effectives of the energy-related tax (TXEN) in curbing transport-related carbon emissions (CO2TRANSP) in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) economies over the period of 1990-2020. Moreover, Green Finance (GF), Technology (TECH), and Gross domestic product (GDP) have also been added as explanatory factors which might affect CO2TRANSP emissions. The study employs the Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MMQR), an advance econometric technique to observe the variations along each quantile. Based on the results of the preliminary test, we confirm the presence of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. Whereas the result of the panel unit root test report mixed order of variables’ integration. The findings reveal that rise in income level activates CO2TRANSP, confirming the first stage of Environmental Kuznet Hypothesis. Surprisingly, the present TXEN policies of OECD member states are not mature enough to tackle the CO2TRANSP emissions. However, the findings confirm that GF and TECH are solely responsible for the reduction in the CO2TRANSP. The outcomes of Bootstrap Quantile Regression (BSQR) further validate and support the earlier findings of MMQR. Based on the findings of this study, it is revealed that the current TXEN policies are too moderate, and an incremental and progressive rise in TXEN may help in a transition toward a cleaner and sustainable transportation sector in the study region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport-related%20CO2%20emissions" title="transport-related CO2 emissions">transport-related CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-related%20tax" title=" energy-related tax"> energy-related tax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20finance" title=" green finance"> green finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20development" title=" technological development"> technological development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oecd%20member%20states" title=" oecd member states"> oecd member states</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164396/the-effectiveness-of-energy-related-tax-in-curbing-transport-related-carbon-emissions-the-role-of-green-finance-and-technology-in-oecd-economies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Impact of the Non-Energy Sectors Diversification on the Energy Dependency Mitigation: Visualization by the “IntelSymb” Software Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilaha%20Rzayeva">Ilaha Rzayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emin%20Alasgarov"> Emin Alasgarov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orkhan%20Karim-Zada"> Orkhan Karim-Zada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study attempts to consider the linkage between management and computer sciences in order to develop the software named “IntelSymb” as a demo application to prove data analysis of non-energy* fields’ diversification, which will positively influence on energy dependency mitigation of countries. Afterward, we analyzed 18 years of economic fields of development (5 sectors) of 13 countries by identifying which patterns mostly prevailed and which can be dominant in the near future. To make our analysis solid and plausible, as a future work, we suggest developing a gateway or interface, which will be connected to all available on-line data bases (WB, UN, OECD, U.S. EIA) for countries’ analysis by fields. Sample data consists of energy (TPES and energy import indicators) and non-energy industries’ (Main Science and Technology Indicator, Internet user index, and Sales and Production indicators) statistics from 13 OECD countries over 18 years (1995-2012). Our results show that the diversification of non-energy industries can have a positive effect on energy sector dependency (energy consumption and import dependence on crude oil) deceleration. These results can provide empirical and practical support for energy and non-energy industries diversification’ policies, such as the promoting of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), services and innovative technologies efficiency and management, in other OECD and non-OECD member states with similar energy utilization patterns and policies. Industries, including the ICT sector, generate around 4 percent of total GHG, but this is much higher — around 14 percent — if indirect energy use is included. The ICT sector itself (excluding the broadcasting sector) contributes approximately 2 percent of global GHG emissions, at just under 1 gigatonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2eq). Ergo, this can be a good example and lesson for countries which are dependent and independent on energy, and mainly emerging oil-based economies, as well as to motivate non-energy industries diversification in order to be ready to energy crisis and to be able to face any economic crisis as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title="energy policy">energy policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20diversification" title=" energy diversification"> energy diversification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%9CIntelSymb%E2%80%9D%20software" title=" “IntelSymb” software"> “IntelSymb” software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44847/impact-of-the-non-energy-sectors-diversification-on-the-energy-dependency-mitigation-visualization-by-the-intelsymb-software-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Role of Vocational Education and Training in Economic Excellence and Social Inclusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Asadullah">Muhammad Ali Asadullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafarullah%20Amir"> Zafarullah Amir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, Vocational Education and Training (VET) has been under discussion by the academic researchers and remained in focus in the political grounds. Due to potential contribution of VET, the World Bank and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) support vocational education to reduce poverty, enhance economic growth and increase competitiveness. This paper examines the impact of Vocational Education and Training on the Economic Growth and Social Inclusion with direct and mediation effect of Social Inclusion. The basic purpose of this study is to assess economic pay-offs as a result of long term investments in VET. Based on the review of Anderson Nilsson, initially we explored the increasing or decreasing trend in investment on VET. Further, the study explores that the countries which invest more on VET, tend to get more economic growth and are socially more ‘inclusive’. It is a longitudinal / panel data study with 12 years of registered data which involves 24 OECD countries. The results of the study indicate the VET has positive association with Social Inclusion and Economic Growth. Further, there is also a positive association of VET and Economic Growth through mediation of Social Inclusion. The current study considers not only issue and challenges in developing VET systems but also contributes to develop the theoretical framework for considering how VET can directly and indirectly improve economic growth and social inclusion. A wider appreciation of how VET’s benefits operate may influence a country’s decisions to invest in it. If policy makers increase investment on VET, the result would be positive in Economic Growth and Social Inclusion. It is also recommended that the same OECD model may be implemented in developing countries like Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vocational%20Education%20and%20Training%20%28VET%29" title="Vocational Education and Training (VET)">Vocational Education and Training (VET)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Social%20Inclusion" title=" Social Inclusion"> Social Inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Economic%20Growth" title=" Economic Growth"> Economic Growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD%20countries" title=" OECD countries"> OECD countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45479/role-of-vocational-education-and-training-in-economic-excellence-and-social-inclusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Bank, Stock Market Efficiency and Economic Growth: Lessons for ASEAN-5</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tan%20Swee%20Liang">Tan Swee Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper estimates bank and stock market efficiency associations with real per capita GDP growth by examining panel-data across three different regions using Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) regression developed by Beck and Katz (1995). Data from five economies in ASEAN (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Indonesia), five economies in Asia (Japan, China, Hong Kong SAR, South Korea, and India) and seven economies in OECD (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom U.K., and United States U.S.), between 1990 and 2017 are used. Empirical findings suggest one, for Asia-5 high bank net interest margin means greater bank profitability, hence spurring economic growth. Two, for OECD-7 low bank overhead costs (as a share of total assets) may reflect weak competition and weak investment in providing superior banking services, hence dampening economic growth. Three, stock market turnover ratio has negative association with OECD-7 economic growth, but a positive association with Asia-5, which suggest the relationship between liquidity and growth is ambiguous. Lastly, for ASEAN-5 high bank overhead costs (as a share of total assets) may suggest expenses have not been channelled efficiently to income generating activities. One practical implication of the findings is that policy makers should take necessary measures toward financial liberalisation policies that boost growth through the efficiency channel, so that funds are efficiently allocated through the financial system between financial and real sectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20development" title="financial development">financial development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20system" title=" banking system"> banking system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20markets" title=" capital markets"> capital markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145009/bank-stock-market-efficiency-and-economic-growth-lessons-for-asean-5" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> How Does the Interaction between Environmental and Intellectual Property Rights Affect Environmental Innovation? A Study of Seven OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneeq%20Sarwar">Aneeq Sarwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study assesses the interaction between environmental and intellectual property policy on the rate of invention of environmental inventions and specifically tests for whether there is a synergy between stricter IP regimes and stronger environmental policies. The empirical analysis uses firm and industry-level data from seven OECD countries from 2009 to 2015. We also introduce a new measure of environmental inventions using a Natural Language Processing Topic Modelling technique. We find that intellectual property policy strictness demonstrates greater effectiveness in encouraging inventiveness in environmental inventions when used in combination with stronger environmental policies. This study contributes to existing literature in two ways. First, it devises a method for better identification of environmental technologies, we demonstrate how our method is more comprehensive than existing methods as we are better able to identify not only environmental inventions, but also major components of said inventions. Second, we test how various policy regimes affect the development of environmental technologies, we are the first study to examine the interaction of the environmental and intellectual property policy on firm level innovation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20economics" title="environmental economics">environmental economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics%20of%20innovation" title=" economics of innovation"> economics of innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20policy" title=" environmental policy"> environmental policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20level" title=" firm level"> firm level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126531/how-does-the-interaction-between-environmental-and-intellectual-property-rights-affect-environmental-innovation-a-study-of-seven-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> A Comparative Assessment of the FoodSupply Vulnerability to Large-Scale Disasters in OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karolin%20Bauer">Karolin Bauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Brinkmann"> Anna Brinkmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure can cause significant difficulties for the affected population during crises. Securing the food supply as part of the critical infrastructure in crisis situations is an essential part of public services and a ground stone for a successful concept of civil protection. In most industrialized countries, there are currently no comparative studies regarding the food supply of the population during crisis and disaster events. In order to mitigate the potential impact in case of major disasters in Germany, it is absolutely necessary to investigate how the food supply can be secured. The research project aims to provide in-depth research on the experiences gathered during past large-scale disasters in the 34 OECD member countries in order to discover alternatives for an updated civil protection system in Germany. The basic research question is: "Which international approaches and structures of civil protection have been proven and would be useful to modernize the German civil protection with regards to the critical infrastructure and food supply?" Research findings should be extracted from an extensive literature review covering the entire research period as well as from personal and online-based interviews with experts and responsible persons from involved institutions. The capability of the research project insists on the deliberate choice to investigate previous large-scale disasters to formulate important and practical approaches to modernize civil protection in Germany. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20supply" title="food supply">food supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerabilty" title=" vulnerabilty"> vulnerabilty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20infratstructure" title="critical infratstructure">critical infratstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large-scale%20disaster" title=" large-scale disaster"> large-scale disaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37840/a-comparative-assessment-of-the-foodsupply-vulnerability-to-large-scale-disasters-in-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Role of International Organizations towards Good Governance: Recent Trends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Prema%20Shyam">E. Prema Shyam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of international organizations has contributed in various ways for the good governance in the world at large. Since the beginning of the 1990s international organizations, particularly those active in the areas of human rights, trade and economic etc., have embraced a 'good governance'. It is also pertinent to mention that the application of the concept of good governance to international organizations themselves and not exclusively to national or regional polities is a more recent phenomenon. Especially since the second half of the 1990s, a number of international organizations have carried out major governance reforms, assuming that their calls for governments to heed higher standards of good governance will be all the more credible provided that they develop a good governance standard for themselves. In addition to this number of organizations such as the United Nations (UN), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Union (EU), International Committee of the Red Cross and World Trade Organization (WTO). OECD has been specifically mobilized to fight corruption. The World Bank was the first international organization to address the issue of good governance when it attributed the African development crisis to a crisis of governance in a 1989 report. International organizations are often denounced for their lack of transparency and democracy. However, in the last few years, a number of them have pushed through impressive reforms aimed at enhancing good governance standards within their own organizations, especially in the light of their long-standing secrecy. This is a remnant of the traditional conception of international organizations, which renders them merely answerable to their Members. International organizations have already gone quite some way in the areas of good management and opening up to the public. However, as far as participatory governance is concerned, lot to be done for the larger interest of society. In this paper, an attempt has been made to focus the issues on international organisations with regard to good governance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20governance" title="good governance">good governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=World%20Trade%20Organisation" title=" World Trade Organisation"> World Trade Organisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20organisation" title=" international organisation"> international organisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance%20reforms" title=" governance reforms"> governance reforms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24152/role-of-international-organizations-towards-good-governance-recent-trends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Analyzing the Support to Fisheries in the European Union: Modelling Budgetary Transfers in Wild Fisheries </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Angulo">Laura Angulo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Salamon"> Petra Salamon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Banse"> Martin Banse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederic%20Storkamp"> Frederic Storkamp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fisheries subsidies are focus on reduce management costs or deliver income benefits to fishers. In 2015, total fishery budgetary transfers in 31 OECD countries represented 35% of their total landing value. However, subsidies to fishing have adverse effects on trade and it has been claimed that they may contribute directly to overfishing. Therefore, this paper analyses to what extend fisheries subsidies may 1) influence capture production facing quotas and 2) affect price dynamics. The study uses the fish module in AGMEMOD (Agriculture Member States Modelling, details see Chantreuil et al. (2012)) which covers eight fish categories (cephalopods; crustaceans; demersal marine fish; pelagic marine fish; molluscs excl. cephalopods; other marine finfish species; freshwater and diadromous fish) for EU member states and other selected countries developed under the SUCCESS project. This model incorporates transfer payments directly linked to fisheries operational costs. As aquaculture and wild fishery are not included within the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, data on fisheries subsidies is obtained from the OECD Fisheries Support Estimates (FSE) database, which provides statistics on budgetary transfers to the fisheries sector. Since support has been moving from budgetary transfers to General Service Support Estimate the last years, subsidies in capture production may not present substantial effects. Nevertheless, they would still show the impact across countries and fish categories within the European Union. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AGMEMOD" title="AGMEMOD">AGMEMOD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budgetary%20transfers" title=" budgetary transfers"> budgetary transfers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU%20Member%20States" title=" EU Member States"> EU Member States</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20model" title=" fish model"> fish model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fisheries%20support%20estimate" title=" fisheries support estimate"> fisheries support estimate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76330/analyzing-the-support-to-fisheries-in-the-european-union-modelling-budgetary-transfers-in-wild-fisheries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Government of Ghana’s Budget: An Assessment of Its Compliance with Fundamental Budgeting Principles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sani%20Abdulai">Mohammed Sani Abdulai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public sector budgeting, all over the world, is underpinned by some universally accepted principles of sound budget management such as budget unity, universality, annuality, and a balanced budget. These traditional principles, though fundamental, had, in recent years, been augmented by the more modern principles of budgeting within fiscal objective, alignment with medium-term strategic plans as well as the observance of such related concepts as transparency, openness and accessibility. In this paper, we have endeavored to shed light, from literature and practice, on the meaning and purposes of such fundamental budgeting principles. We have also assessed the extent to which the Government of Ghana’s budget complies with the four traditional principles of budget unity, universality, annuality, and a balanced budget and the three out of the ten modern principles of budgetary governance of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We did so by using a qualitative method of review and analysis of existing documents and the performance assessment reports on Ghana’s Public Financial Management (PFM) measured using such frameworks as the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA), the Open Budget Survey (OBS) and its Index (OBI), the reports and action plans of Open Government Partnership (OGP) and the Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency (GIFT). Other performance assessment reports that were relied on included, but not limited to, the Joint Evaluation Report of PFM in Ghana, 2001-2010, and the Joint Evaluation of Budget Support to Ghana, 2005-2015. We have, through this paper, brought to the fore the lessons that could be learned on how those budgetary principles undergird the Government of Ghana’s budget formulation, execution, accounting, control, and oversight. These lessons include, but are not limited to, the need for both scholars and practitioners in the PFM space to be aware of the impact of those principles on public sector budgeting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annulaity" title="annulaity">annulaity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balanced%20budget" title=" balanced budget"> balanced budget</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budget%20unity" title=" budget unity"> budget unity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budgetary%20principles" title=" budgetary principles"> budgetary principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD%E2%80%99s%20principles%20on%20budgetary%20governance" title=" OECD’s principles on budgetary governance"> OECD’s principles on budgetary governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20budget%20index" title=" open budget index"> open budget index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20expenditure%20and%20financial%20accountability" title=" public expenditure and financial accountability"> public expenditure and financial accountability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universality" title=" universality"> universality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130451/government-of-ghanas-budget-an-assessment-of-its-compliance-with-fundamental-budgeting-principles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Training to Evaluate Creative Activity in a Training Context, Analysis of a Learner Evaluation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massy%20Guillaume">Massy Guillaume</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The implementation of creativity in educational policies or curricula raises several issues, including the evaluation of creativity and the means to do so. This doctoral research focuses on the appropriation and transposition of creativity assessment models by future teachers. Our objective is to identify the elements of the models that are most transferable to practice in order to improve their implementation in the students' curriculum while seeking to create a new model for assessing creativity in the school environment. Methods: In order to meet our objective, this preliminary quantitative exploratory study by questionnaire was conducted at two points in the participants' training: at the beginning of the training module and throughout the practical work. The population is composed of 40 people of diverse origins with an average age of 26 (s:8,623) years. In order to be as close as possible to our research objective and to test our questionnaires, we set up a pre-test phase during the spring semester of 2022. Results: The results presented focus on aspects of the OECD Creative Competencies Assessment Model. Overall, 72% of participants support the model's focus on skill levels as appropriate for the school context. More specifically, the data indicate that the separation of production and process in the rubric facilitates observation by the assessor. From the point of view of transposing the grid into teaching practice, the participants emphasised that production is easier to plan and observe in students than in the process. This difference is reinforced by a lack of knowledge about certain concepts such as innovation or risktaking in schools. Finally, the qualitative results indicate that the addition of multiple levels of competencies to the OECD rubric would allow for better implementation in the classroom. Conclusion: The identification by the students of the elements allowing the evaluation of creativity in the school environment generates an innovative approach to the training contents. These first data, from the test phase of our research, demonstrate the difficulty that exists between the implementation of an evaluation model in a training program and its potential transposition by future teachers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title="creativity">creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schooling" title=" schooling"> schooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155400/training-to-evaluate-creative-activity-in-a-training-context-analysis-of-a-learner-evaluation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Assessment of Acute Oral Toxicity Studies and Anti Diabetic Activity of Herbal Mediated Nanomedicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanker%20Kalakotla">Shanker Kalakotla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Mohan%20Gottumukkala"> Krishna Mohan Gottumukkala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, carbohydrates, altered lipids and proteins metabolism. In recent research nanotechnology is a blazing field for the researchers; latterly there has been prodigious excitement in the nanomedicine and nano pharmacological area for the study of silver nanoparticles synthesis using natural products. Biological methods have been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in presence of medicinally active antidiabetic plants, and this intention made us assess the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from the seed extract of Psoralea corylfolia using 1 mM silver nitrate solution. The synthesized herbal mediated silver nanoparticles (HMSNP’s) then subjected to various characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, DLS, UV and FT-IR respectively. In current study, the silver nanoparticles tested for in-vitro anti-diabetic activity and possible toxic effects in healthy female albino mice by following OECD guidelines-425. Herbal mediated silver nanoparticles were successfully obtained from bioreduction of silver nitrate using Psoralea corylifolia plant extract. Silver nanoparticles have been appropriately characterized and confirmed using different types of equipment viz., UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, DLS, SEM and EDX analysis. From the behavioral observations of the study, the female albino mice did not show sedation, respiratory arrest, and convulsions. Test compounds did not cause any mortality at the dose level tested (i.e., 2000 mg/kg body weight) doses till the end of 14 days of observation and were considered safe. It may be concluded that LD50 of the HMSNPs was 2000mg/kg body weight. Since LD50 of the HMSNPs was 2000mg/kg body weight, so the preferred dose range for HMSNPs falls between the levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Further In-vivo pharmacological models and biochemical investigations will clearly elucidate the mechanism of action and will be helpful in projecting the currently synthesized silver nanoparticles as a therapeutic target in treating chronic ailments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20mediated%20silver%20nanoparticles" title="herbal mediated silver nanoparticles">herbal mediated silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMSNPs" title=" HMSNPs"> HMSNPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity%20of%20silver%20nanoparticles" title=" toxicity of silver nanoparticles"> toxicity of silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTP1B%20in-vitro%20anti-diabetic%20assay%20female%20albino%20mice" title=" PTP1B in-vitro anti-diabetic assay female albino mice"> PTP1B in-vitro anti-diabetic assay female albino mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=425%20OECD%20guidelines" title=" 425 OECD guidelines"> 425 OECD guidelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52640/assessment-of-acute-oral-toxicity-studies-and-anti-diabetic-activity-of-herbal-mediated-nanomedicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Institutional Quality and Tax Compliance: A Cross-Country Regression Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debi%20Konukcu%20Onal">Debi Konukcu Onal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarkan%20Cavusoglu"> Tarkan Cavusoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In modern societies, the costs of public goods and services are shared through taxes paid by citizens. However, taxation has always been a frictional issue, as tax obligations are perceived to be a financial burden for taxpayers rather than being merit that fulfills the redistribution, regulation and stabilization functions of the welfare state. The tax compliance literature evolves into discussing why people still pay taxes in systems with low costs of legal enforcement. Related empirical and theoretical works show that a wide range of socially oriented behavioral factors can stimulate voluntary compliance and subversive effects as well. These behavioral motivations are argued to be driven by self-enforcing rules of informal institutions, either independently or through interactions with legal orders set by formal institutions. The main focus of this study is to investigate empirically whether institutional particularities have a significant role in explaining the cross-country differences in the tax noncompliance levels. A part of the controversy about the driving forces behind tax noncompliance may be attributed to the lack of empirical evidence. Thus, this study aims to fill this gap through regression estimates, which help to trace the link between institutional quality and noncompliance on a cross-country basis. Tax evasion estimates of Buehn and Schneider is used as the proxy measure for the tax noncompliance levels. Institutional quality is quantified by three different indicators (percentile ranks of Worldwide Governance Indicators, ratings of the International Country Risk Guide, and the country ratings of the Freedom in the World). Robust Least Squares and Threshold Regression estimates based on the sample of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries imply that tax compliance increases with institutional quality. Moreover, a threshold-based asymmetry is detected in the effect of institutional quality on tax noncompliance. That is, the negative effects of tax burdens on compliance are found to be more pronounced in countries with institutional quality below a certain threshold. These findings are robust to all alternative indicators of institutional quality, supporting the significant interaction of societal values with the individual taxpayer decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20quality" title="institutional quality">institutional quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD%20economies" title=" OECD economies"> OECD economies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20compliance" title=" tax compliance"> tax compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20evasion" title=" tax evasion"> tax evasion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119743/institutional-quality-and-tax-compliance-a-cross-country-regression-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Macroeconomic Determinants of Cyclical Variations in Value, Size, and Momentum Premium in the UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Sarwar">G. Sarwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Mateus"> C. Mateus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Todorovic"> N. Todorovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the asymmetries in size, value and momentum premium over the economic cycles in the UK and their macroeconomic determinants. Using Markov switching approach we find clear evidence of cyclical variations of the three premiums, most noticeably variations in size premium. We associate Markov switching regime 1 with economic upturn and regime 2 with economic downturn as per OECD’s Composite Leading Indicator. The macroeconomic indicators prompting such cyclicality the most are interest rates, term structure and credit spread. The role of GDP growth, money supply and inflation is less pronounced in our sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomic%20determinants" title="macroeconomic determinants">macroeconomic determinants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching" title=" Markorv Switching"> Markorv Switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size" title=" size"> size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title=" value "> value </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23394/macroeconomic-determinants-of-cyclical-variations-in-value-size-and-momentum-premium-in-the-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Innovativeness of the Furniture Enterprises in Bulgaria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radostina%20Popova">Radostina Popova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents an analysis of the innovation performance of small and medium-sized furniture enterprises in Bulgaria, accounting for over 97% of the companies in the sector. It contains advanced features of innovation in enterprises, specific features of the furniture industry in Bulgaria and analysis of the results of studies on the topic. The results from studies of three successive periods - 2006-2008; 2008-2010; 2010-2012, during which were studied 594 small and medium-sized furniture enterprises. There are commonly used in the EU definitions and indicators (European Commission, OECD, Oslo Manual), which allows for the comparability of results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20activity" title="innovation activity">innovation activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitiveness%20of%20innovation" title=" competitiveness of innovation"> competitiveness of innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=furniture%20enterprises%20in%20Bulgaria" title=" furniture enterprises in Bulgaria"> furniture enterprises in Bulgaria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2544/innovativeness-of-the-furniture-enterprises-in-bulgaria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Anti-Corruption Effect on Whistle Blowing Act</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Young%20Kim">Na Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is a study on the relation between the introduction bill of the Whistle Blowing Act and the CPI (Corruption Perception Index) from 1998 to 2019. It shows that the degree of corruption can be relatively lowered when WBA is introduced, and the system is matured. And when WBA was introduced at the national level and matured, it was found that it could have a greater impact on corruption. Secondly, it shows that OECD countries may have relatively low levels of corruption. In addition to the two variables representing democracy, when additional control variables (GDP (economic power), population size, HDI (education level), etc.) are controlled under the same conditions, the degree of corruption in countries with high political rights can be low (it means clean), while those with high civil freedom can be serious (it means not clean). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Whistle%20Blowing%20Act" title="Whistle Blowing Act">Whistle Blowing Act</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-corruption" title=" anti-corruption"> anti-corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPI" title=" CPI"> CPI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP" title=" GDP"> GDP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164727/anti-corruption-effect-on-whistle-blowing-act" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Financial Literacy of Students of Finance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbora%20Chmel%C3%ADkov%C3%A1">Barbora Chmelíková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Financial literacy is a widely discussed topic on the national and international level by governments, organizations and academia. For this reason this study analyses financial knowledge, financial behavior and financial attitudes of students of finance. The aim of the paper is to determine whether the financial literacy of university students studying finance differs from the level of financial literacy in selected OECD countries. The research was conducted at Masaryk University in the Czech Republic. The empirical study comprises questions related to several aspects of financial literacy, as well as socio-demographic data enabling more thorough analysis. The results indicate that improvement in financial literacy of university students is still required, even though their major is finance related. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20literacy" title="financial literacy">financial literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20behavior" title=" financial behavior"> financial behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20finance%20management" title=" personal finance management"> personal finance management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37708/financial-literacy-of-students-of-finance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Financial Products Held by University Students: An Empirical Study from the Czech Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbora%20Chmelikova">Barbora Chmelikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current financial markets offer a wide range of financial products to the consumers. However, access to the financial products is not always provided or guaranteed, particularly in less developed countries. For this reason, financial inclusion is an important component in the modern society. This paper investigates financial inclusion and what financial products are held by university students majoring in finance fields. The OECD methodology was used to examine the awareness and use of financial products. The study was conducted via online questionnaire at Masaryk University in the Czech Republic among finance students. The results show that the students use current and savings accounts more than any other financial products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title="financial inclusion">financial inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20products" title=" financial products"> financial products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20finance" title=" personal finance"> personal finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58766/financial-products-held-by-university-students-an-empirical-study-from-the-czech-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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