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vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter I Island</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I-Eiland" title="Peter I-Eiland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Peter I-Eiland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="جزيرة بطرس الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة بطرس الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islla_Pedru_I" title="Islla Pedru I – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islla Pedru I" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Pyotr_adas%C4%B1" title="I Pyotr adası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Pyotr adası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA" title="প্রথম পিটার দ্বীপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথম পিটার দ্বীপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_I" title="Востраў Пятра I – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Востраў Пятра I" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%86_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Петър І (остров) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Петър І (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez_P%C3%AAr_Ia%C3%B1" title="Enez Pêr Iañ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Enez Pêr Iañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Pere_I" title="Illa de Pere I – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa de Pere I" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_%C3%98y" title="Peter I Øy – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Peter I Øy" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrov_Petra_I." title="Ostrov Petra I. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ostrov Petra I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I%27s_%C3%98" title="Peter I's Ø – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peter I's Ø" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter-I.-Insel" title="Peter-I.-Insel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peter-I.-Insel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peeter_I_saar" title="Peeter I saar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peeter I saar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%84" title="Νησί του Πέτρου Α΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νησί του Πέτρου Α΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Pedro_I" title="Isla Pedro I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla Pedro I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulo_Petro_la_Unua" title="Insulo Petro la Unua – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Insulo Petro la Unua" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri_I.a_uhartea" title="Petri I.a uhartea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Petri I.a uhartea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="جزیره پتر یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره پتر یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peteroy" title="Peteroy – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Peteroy" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Pierre_Ier" title="Île Pierre Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île Pierre Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I-eil%C3%A2n" title="Peter I-eilân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Peter I-eilân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oile%C3%A1n_Pheadar_I" title="Oileán Pheadar I – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oileán Pheadar I" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_Pedro_I" title="Illa Pedro I – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa Pedro I" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4_1%EC%84%B8%EC%84%AC" title="페테르 1세섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페테르 1세섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD_I-%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Պետրոս I-ի կղզի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պետրոս I-ի կղզի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Peter_I" title="Pulau Peter I – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Peter I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_Pietro_I" title="Isola Pietro I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isola Pietro I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%90%D7%99)" title="פטר הראשון (אי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטר הראשון (אי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_I-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="პეტრე I-ის კუნძული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პეტრე I-ის კუნძული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="І Петр аралы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="І Петр аралы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%93tera_I_Sala" title="Pētera I Sala – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pētera I Sala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_I_sala" title="Petro I sala – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Petro I sala" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoa_de_P%C3%A8_Primmo" title="Isoa de Pè Primmo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Isoa de Pè Primmo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._P%C3%A9ter-sziget" title="I. Péter-sziget – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Péter-sziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_I_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Петар I (остров) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Петар I (остров)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="جزيرة بطرس الاول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جزيرة بطرس الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I-eiland" title="Peter I-eiland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peter I-eiland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB1%E4%B8%96%E5%B3%B6" title="ピョートル1世島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピョートル1世島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5" title="I Петран гӀайре – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="I Петран гӀайре" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I._Eilun" title="Peter I. Eilun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Peter I. Eilun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_%C3%98y" title="Peter I Øy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peter I Øy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_%C3%98y" title="Peter I Øy – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Peter I Øy" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_P%C3%A8ire_I%C3%A8r" title="Illa Pèire Ièr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illa Pèire Ièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%BC%D8%B1_%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88" title="د لومړي پيټر ټاپو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د لومړي پيټر ټاپو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyspa_Piotra_I" title="Wyspa Piotra I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyspa Piotra I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_de_Pedro_I" title="Ilha de Pedro I – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha de Pedro I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Petru_I" title="Insula Petru I – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula Petru I" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_I" title="Остров Петра I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Остров Петра I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peter I Island" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrov_Petra_I." title="Ostrov Petra I. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ostrov Petra I." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otok_Petra_I." title="Otok Petra I. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Otok Petra I." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_I" title="Острво Петра I – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Острво Петра I" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Peter_I" title="Pulo Peter I – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pulo Peter I" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietari_I:n_saari" title="Pietari I:n saari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pietari I:n saari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I:s_%C3%B6" title="Peter I:s ö – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peter I:s ö" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_I_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Петр I утравы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Петр I утравы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="เกาะปีเตอร์ที่ 1 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกาะปีเตอร์ที่ 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Peter_Adas%C4%B1" title="I. Peter Adası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Peter Adası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_I" title="Острів Петра I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Острів Петра I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="جزیرہ پیٹر اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزیرہ پیٹر اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_Peter_I" title="Đảo Peter I – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo Peter I" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%B3%B6" title="彼得一世島 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="彼得一世島" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_(pur%C3%B4)" title="Peter I (purô) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Peter I (purô)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%B2%9B" title="彼得一世岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="彼得一世岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%B3%B6" title="彼得一世島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彼得一世島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%B2%9B" title="彼得一世岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼得一世岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norwegian island in Antarctica</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Peter I Island</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_I_Island_-_Sentinel-2_L1C_-_Highlight_Optimized_Natural_Color_-_2022-12-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="December 2022 satellite image of Peter I Island"><img alt="December 2022 satellite image of Peter I Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Peter_I_Island_-_Sentinel-2_L1C_-_Highlight_Optimized_Natural_Color_-_2022-12-04.jpg/250px-Peter_I_Island_-_Sentinel-2_L1C_-_Highlight_Optimized_Natural_Color_-_2022-12-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Peter_I_Island_-_Sentinel-2_L1C_-_Highlight_Optimized_Natural_Color_-_2022-12-04.jpg/375px-Peter_I_Island_-_Sentinel-2_L1C_-_Highlight_Optimized_Natural_Color_-_2022-12-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Peter_I_Island_-_Sentinel-2_L1C_-_Highlight_Optimized_Natural_Color_-_2022-12-04.jpg/500px-Peter_I_Island_-_Sentinel-2_L1C_-_Highlight_Optimized_Natural_Color_-_2022-12-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5135" data-file-height="5585" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">December 2022 satellite image of Peter I Island</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antarctica,_Norway_territorial_claim_(Peter_I_Island).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Peter I Island (circled in red, relative to Antarctica)"><img alt="Location of Peter I Island (circled in red)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antarctica%2C_Norway_territorial_claim_%28Peter_I_Island%29.svg/290px-Antarctica%2C_Norway_territorial_claim_%28Peter_I_Island%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antarctica%2C_Norway_territorial_claim_%28Peter_I_Island%29.svg/435px-Antarctica%2C_Norway_territorial_claim_%28Peter_I_Island%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Antarctica%2C_Norway_territorial_claim_%28Peter_I_Island%29.svg/580px-Antarctica%2C_Norway_territorial_claim_%28Peter_I_Island%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="806" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Peter I Island (circled in red, relative to Antarctica)</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Claimed by Norway</span></th><td class="infobox-data">6 March 1931</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23 June 1961</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Peter_I_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Peter I Island">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">154 km<sup>2</sup> (59 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glaciated</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">95%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,640 m (5,380 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AQ" title="ISO 3166-2:AQ">AQ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.aq" title=".aq">.aq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.no" title=".no">.no</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peter I Island</b> (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <i lang="no">Peter I Øy</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-miljostatus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miljostatus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Sea" title="Bellingshausen Sea">Bellingshausen Sea</a>, 450 kilometres (240 nmi) from continental <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. It is <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">claimed</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and, along with <a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a>, composes one of the <a href="/wiki/Dependencies_of_Norway" title="Dependencies of Norway">three Norwegian dependent territories</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subantarctic" title="Subantarctic">Subantarctic</a>. The island measures approximately 11 by 19 kilometres (7 by 12 mi), with an area of 156 km<sup>2</sup> (60 sq mi); its highest point is the <a href="/wiki/Ultra-prominent_peak" title="Ultra-prominent peak">ultra-prominent</a>, 1,640-metre-tall (5,380 ft) <a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen_Peak" title="Lars Christensen Peak">Lars Christensen Peak</a>. Nearly all the island is covered by a <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacier</a>, and it is surrounded most of the year by <a href="/wiki/Drift_ice" title="Drift ice">pack ice</a>, making it inaccessible during these times. There is little <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a> animal life on the island, apart from some seabirds and <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a>. </p><p>The island was first sighted by <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen</a> on 21 January 1821 and was named after <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter I of Russia</a>. Not until 2 February 1929 did anyone set foot on the island, when <a href="/wiki/Nils_Larsen" title="Nils Larsen">Nils Larsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ola_Olstad" title="Ola Olstad">Ola Olstad</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Norvegia_expeditions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Norvegia expeditions (page does not exist)">Second <i>Norvegia</i> Expedition</a>, financed by <a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen" title="Lars Christensen">Lars Christensen</a>, was successful. They claimed it for Norway, which annexed it in 1931 and made it a dependency in 1933. The next landing occurred in 1948, and the island has been subject to some scientific research and a limited amount of tourism. The island became subject to the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty</a> in 1961. Since 1987, there has been an automated meteorological station on the island. Three amateur radio <a href="/wiki/DX-pedition" title="DX-pedition">DX-peditions</a> have visited the island, and there are sporadic landings by tourists. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first sighting of Peter I Island was made on 21 October 1821 by <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen</a>'s expedition,<sup id="cite_ref-r180_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r180-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who commanded the ships <i>Vostok</i> and <i>Mirny</i> under the Russian flag. He named the island after Tsar <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I the Great">Peter I</a> of Russia. <a href="/wiki/Drift_ice" title="Drift ice">Drift ice</a> made it impossible for Bellinghausen to come nearer than 25 kilometers (16 mi) from the island. It was the first land to have been spotted south of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Circle" title="Antarctic Circle">Antarctic Circle</a>, and was thus also the southernmost sighted land at the time of its discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-b67_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b67-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1910, the French expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charcot" title="Jean-Baptiste Charcot">Jean-Baptiste Charcot</a> and his ship <i><a href="/wiki/Pourquoi-Pas_(1908)" title="Pourquoi-Pas (1908)">Pourquoi-Pas</a></i> confirmed Bellingshausen's discovery, but they also did not land, being stopped 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) from the island by pack ice.<sup id="cite_ref-b67_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b67-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_I_Island_1929A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Peter_I_Island_1929A.jpg/290px-Peter_I_Island_1929A.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Peter_I_Island_1929A.jpg/435px-Peter_I_Island_1929A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Peter_I_Island_1929A.jpg/580px-Peter_I_Island_1929A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>The first landing on the island (1929)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1926 and 1927, the Norwegian sailor Eyvind Tofte <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigated</a> and surveyed the island from <i>Odd I</i>. However, he was also prevented from landing.<sup id="cite_ref-b67_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b67-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Norwegian whale-ship owner <a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen" title="Lars Christensen">Lars Christensen</a> financed several expeditions to the Antarctic, in part for research and in part to claim land for Norway. The latter was motivated by the British taxation of <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling stations</a> in the Antarctic, and Christensen hoped to be able to establish stations on Norwegian territory to gain better privileges and so at least the taxes went to his home country.<sup id="cite_ref-k52_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k52-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first expedition to land on the island was the Christensen-financed second <i>Norvegia</i> expedition, led by Nils Larsen and Ola Olstad. They landed on 2 February 1929 and claimed the island for Norway. Larsen attempted to land again in 1931, but was hindered by pack ice.<sup id="cite_ref-b67_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b67-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 March 1931, a Norwegian royal proclamation declared the island under Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a><sup id="cite_ref-k52_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k52-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 23 March 1933 the island was declared a dependency.<sup id="cite_ref-b67_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b67-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ld_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ld-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next landing occurred on 10 February 1948 by Larsen's ship <i>Brategg</i>. <a href="/wiki/Biosurvey" title="Biosurvey">Biological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geological_survey" title="Geological survey">geological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrographic_survey" title="Hydrographic survey">hydrographic surveys</a> underwent for three days, before the pack ice forced the expedition to leave. The expedition built a hut and placed a copy of the document of occupation from 1929 inside. On 23 June 1961, Peter I Island became subject to the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>, after Norway's signing of the treaty in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, there have been several landings on the island by various nations for scientific investigations,<sup id="cite_ref-b67_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b67-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a limited number of ships that have successfully landed <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Antarctica" title="Tourism in Antarctica">tourists</a> on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-r180_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r180-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Polar_Institute" title="Norwegian Polar Institute">Norwegian Polar Institute</a> sent five scientists to spend eleven days on the island. The main focuses were <a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">aerial photography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topographical</a> measurements to allow an accurate map of the island to be produced. The second important area was marine biological investigations, although also geological, biological and other surveys were conducted. The team also built an automatic <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three <a href="/wiki/DX-pedition" title="DX-pedition">DX-peditions</a> have been sent to the island, in 1987, 1994 and 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%BCste_der_Peter-I.-Insel_in_der_Bellingshausensee_1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of barren, glacial coastline surrounded by ice cliffs and bergs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/K%C3%BCste_der_Peter-I.-Insel_in_der_Bellingshausensee_1994.jpg/310px-K%C3%BCste_der_Peter-I.-Insel_in_der_Bellingshausensee_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/K%C3%BCste_der_Peter-I.-Insel_in_der_Bellingshausensee_1994.jpg/465px-K%C3%BCste_der_Peter-I.-Insel_in_der_Bellingshausensee_1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/K%C3%BCste_der_Peter-I.-Insel_in_der_Bellingshausensee_1994.jpg/620px-K%C3%BCste_der_Peter-I.-Insel_in_der_Bellingshausensee_1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2695" data-file-height="1759" /></a><figcaption>Coastline of Peter I Island, visited during an expedition of the German research icebreaker <a href="/wiki/RV_Polarstern" title="RV Polarstern">RV <i>Polarstern</i></a> in 1994</figcaption></figure> <p>Peter I Island is a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic island</a> located 450 kilometres (280 mi) off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Land" title="Ellsworth Land">Ellsworth Land</a> of continental Antarctica, and about 1,400 km (870 mi) to the south-west of <a href="/wiki/Smith_Island_(South_Shetland_Islands)" title="Smith Island (South Shetland Islands)">Smith Island</a>, the nearest of the <a href="/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands" title="South Shetland Islands">South Shetland Islands</a>. It has an area of 154 square kilometres (59 sq mi). The island is almost entirely covered by <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacier</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-miljostatus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miljostatus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with about 95% of the surface covered by ice.<sup id="cite_ref-b65_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b65-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surrounding the island is a 40-meter (130 ft) tall <a href="/wiki/Glacier_terminus" title="Glacier terminus">ice front</a> and vertical cliffs.<sup id="cite_ref-np_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-np-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long stretches of ice caps are supplemented with rock outcrops.<sup id="cite_ref-b65_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b65-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landing is only possible at three points, and only during the short period of the year in which the island is not surrounded by pack ice.<sup id="cite_ref-np_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-np-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These landings take place on the west side at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Ingrid" title="Cape Ingrid">Kapp Ingrid Christensen</a>, a peninsula which divides the bays <a href="/wiki/Norvegia_Bay" title="Norvegia Bay">Norvegiabukta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandefjord_Cove" title="Sandefjord Cove">Sandefjordbukta</a>. On the cape are some narrow strips of beach, which are suitable for landing.<sup id="cite_ref-b65_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b65-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beach in Norvegiabukta is just 4 meters (13 ft) wide and is entered via the natural arch Tsarporten.<sup id="cite_ref-r180_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r180-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the west side is a plateau, while the north and south coasts feature ice shelves. The eastern side is the steepest and features two rock columns with flat tops in the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-al_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island is a <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a>, although it is not known if it is still active, and it has been categorized as either <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> or historic, based on date samples ranging from <span class="nowrap">0.1 to 0.35 million</span> years ago. The summit, <a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen_Peak" title="Lars Christensen Peak">Lars Christensen Peak</a>, is a 100-metre (330 ft) wide circular crater.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Ultra-prominent_peak" title="Ultra-prominent peak">ultra-prominent peak</a> at 1,640 metres (5,380 ft) elevation, it is named after Lars Christensen. It is not known whether this volcano is extinct or not, because the upper part is apparently unmodified by glaciation, indicating an eruption several centuries ago.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_I_%C3%98y_kart.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peter_I_%C3%98y_kart.png/260px-Peter_I_%C3%98y_kart.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peter_I_%C3%98y_kart.png/390px-Peter_I_%C3%98y_kart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peter_I_%C3%98y_kart.png/520px-Peter_I_%C3%98y_kart.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>Map of the island</figcaption></figure> <p>The island's vegetation consists exclusively of <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">mosses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a> which have adapted to the extreme <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Antarctica" title="Climate of Antarctica">Antarctic climate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-np_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-np-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island has a very harsh climate with strong winds and freezing temperatures. The steady snowfall keeps vegetation to a minimum.<sup id="cite_ref-al_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is a <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">breeding ground</a> for a few <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Southern_fulmar" title="Southern fulmar">southern fulmars</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-np_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-np-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also <a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_storm_petrel" title="Wilson's storm petrel">Wilson's storm petrels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_tern" title="Antarctic tern">Antarctic terns</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">Penguins</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_penguin" title="Adélie penguin">Adélie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinstrap_penguin" title="Chinstrap penguin">chinstrap penguins</a>, visit the island infrequently.<sup id="cite_ref-al_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are numerous <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">crabeater seals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">leopard seals</a><sup id="cite_ref-np_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-np-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and smaller numbers of <a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">southern elephant seals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-al_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peter I Island is one of Norway's two <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">territorial claims in Antarctica</a>, the other being Queen Maud Land.<sup id="cite_ref-miljostatus_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miljostatus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norway, Australia, France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom have all mutually recognized each other's claims in Antarctica.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other countries however, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, do not recognize this claim. Peter I Island is the only claim within 90°W and 150°W and is also the only claim which is not a <a href="/wiki/Circular_sector" title="Circular sector">sector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being south of 60°S, the island is subject to the Antarctic Treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-b65_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b65-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treaty ensures free access to the island for any scientific investigation, and states that it can be used only for peaceful purposes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Norwegian administration of the island is handled by the Polar Affairs Department of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Public_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Public Security">Ministry of Justice and Public Security</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annexation of the island is regulated by the Dependency Act of 24 March 1933. It establishes that Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_law" title="Private law">private law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Procedural_law" title="Procedural law">procedural law</a> applies to the island, in addition to other laws that explicitly state they are valid on the island. It further establishes that all land belongs to the state, and prohibits the storage and detonation of nuclear products.<sup id="cite_ref-ld_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ld-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 5 May 1995, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Norway" title="Law of Norway">Norwegian law</a> has required all Norwegian activity in Antarctica, including Peter I Island, to follow international environmental law for Antarctica. All Norwegian citizens who plan activities on Peter I Island must therefore report to the Norwegian Polar Institute, who may deny any non-conforming activity. All people visiting the island must follow laws regarding protection of nature, treatment of waste, pollution and insurance for <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a> operations.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Norway_by_area" title="List of islands of Norway by area">List of islands of Norway by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possessions_of_Norway" title="List of possessions of Norway">List of possessions of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Antarctica" title="List of volcanoes in Antarctica">List of volcanoes in Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranvika" title="Ranvika">Ranvika</a>, a cove on the eastern shore of the island.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-miljostatus-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miljostatus_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miljostatus_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miljostatus_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514145711/http://www.miljostatus.no/Tema/Polaromradene/Antarktis/Peter-I-Oy/">"Peter I Øy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Climate_and_Pollution_Agency" title="Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency">Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miljostatus.no/Tema/Polaromradene/Antarktis/Peter-I-Oy/">the original</a> on 14 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+I+%C3%98y&rft.pub=Norwegian+Climate+and+Pollution+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miljostatus.no%2FTema%2FPolaromradene%2FAntarktis%2FPeter-I-Oy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r180-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r180_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r180_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r180_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin (2005): 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b67-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b67_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b67_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b67_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b67_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b67_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b67_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barr (1987): 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k52-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-k52_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k52_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kyvik <i>et al.</i> (2008): 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ld-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ld_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ld_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231248/http://www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19300227-003-0.html#1">"Lov om Bouvet-øya, Peter I's øy og Dronning Maud Land m.m. (bilandsloven)"</a> (in Norwegian). Lovdata. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19300227-003-0.html#1">the original</a> on 2 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lov+om+Bouvet-%C3%B8ya%2C+Peter+I%27s+%C3%B8y+og+Dronning+Maud+Land+m.m.+%28bilandsloven%29&rft.pub=Lovdata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovdata.no%2Fall%2Ftl-19300227-003-0.html%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ats.aq/devAS/ats_parties.aspx?lang=e">"Parties"</a>. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422184735/http://www.ats.aq/devAS/ats_parties.aspx?lang=e">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parties&rft.pub=Secretariat+of+the+Antarctic+Treaty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ats.aq%2FdevAS%2Fats_parties.aspx%3Flang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barr (1987): 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barr (1987): 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041015042259/http://www.peterone.com/1987.htm">"The FIRST Peter One DXpedition, 1987"</a>. Peter One. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterone.com/1987.htm">the original</a> on 15 October 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+FIRST+Peter+One+DXpedition%2C+1987&rft.pub=Peter+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterone.com%2F1987.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041014005735/http://www.peterone.com/3y0pi.html">"The 1994 Peter I 3YØPI Expedition"</a>. Peter One. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterone.com/3y0pi.html">the original</a> on 14 October 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+1994+Peter+I+3Y%C3%98PI+Expedition&rft.pub=Peter+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterone.com%2F3y0pi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterone.com/">"We hope you enjoyed the 3YØX DX-perience!"</a>. Peter One. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040213114558/http://www.peterone.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+hope+you+enjoyed+the+3Y%C3%98X+DX-perience%21&rft.pub=Peter+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterone.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b65-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b65_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b65_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b65_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b65_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barr (1987): 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-np-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-np_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-np_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-np_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-np_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-np_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110529000850/http://www.npolar.no/no/antarktis/peter-I-oy.html">"Peter I Øy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Polar_Institute" title="Norwegian Polar Institute">Norwegian Polar Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npolar.no/no/antarktis/peter-I-oy.html">the original</a> on 29 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+I+%C3%98y&rft.pub=Norwegian+Polar+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npolar.no%2Fno%2Fantarktis%2Fpeter-I-oy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventure-life.com/articles/peter-island-overview-772">"Discover Peter I Island on an Antarctic Cruise"</a>. Adventure Life. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630140450/http://www.adventure-life.com/articles/peter-island-overview-772">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discover+Peter+I+Island+on+an+Antarctic+Cruise&rft.pub=Adventure+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventure-life.com%2Farticles%2Fpeter-island-overview-772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=390029">"Peter I Island"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Global_Volcanism_Program" title="Global Volcanism Program">Global Volcanism Program</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Volcanism+Program&rft.atitle=Peter+I+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvolcano.si.edu%2Fvolcano.cfm%3Fvn%3D390029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeMasurier (1990): 512</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrc-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nrc_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council_(U.S.)._Polar_Research_Board1986" class="citation book cs1">National Research Council (U.S.). Polar Research Board (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gNxjxfm4cSgC&pg=PA370"><i>Antarctic treaty system: an assessment</i></a>. National Academies Press. p. 370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-03640-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-03640-5"><bdi>978-0-309-03640-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antarctic+treaty+system%3A+an+assessment&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-309-03640-5&rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29.+Polar+Research+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgNxjxfm4cSgC%26pg%3DPA370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kyvik <i>et al.</i> (2008): 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/jd/About-the-Ministry-of-Justice-and-the-Po/Organization/Departments/The-Polar-Affairs-Department.html?id=1447">"Polar Affairs Department"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Ministry_of_the_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Ministry of the Environment">Norwegian Ministry of the Environment</a>. 16 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110808221333/http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/jd/About-the-Ministry-of-Justice-and-the-Po/Organization/Departments/The-Polar-Affairs-Department.html?id=1447">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polar+Affairs+Department&rft.pub=Norwegian+Ministry+of+the+Environment&rft.date=2006-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fen%2Fdep%2Fjd%2FAbout-the-Ministry-of-Justice-and-the-Po%2FOrganization%2FDepartments%2FThe-Polar-Affairs-Department.html%3Fid%3D1447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110808221326/http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/md/tema/svalbard_og_polaromradene/antarktis.html?id=279712">"Antarktis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Ministry_of_the_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Ministry of the Environment">Norwegian Ministry of the Environment</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/md/tema/svalbard_og_polaromradene/antarktis.html?id=279712">the original</a> on 8 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antarktis&rft.pub=Norwegian+Ministry+of+the+Environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fnb%2Fdep%2Fmd%2Ftema%2Fsvalbard_og_polaromradene%2Fantarktis.html%3Fid%3D279712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr1987" class="citation book cs1">Barr, Susan (1987). <i>Norway's Polar Territories</i>. Oslo: Aschehoug. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-03-15689-4" title="Special:BookSources/82-03-15689-4"><bdi>82-03-15689-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norway%27s+Polar+Territories&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=82-03-15689-4&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyvik2008" class="citation book cs1">Kyvik, Helga, ed. (2008). <i>Norge i Antarktis</i>. Oslo: Schibsted Forlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-516-2589-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-516-2589-0"><bdi>978-82-516-2589-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norge+i+Antarktis&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Schibsted+Forlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-82-516-2589-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeMasurierThomson1990" class="citation book cs1">LeMasurier, W. E.; Thomson, J. W., eds. (1990). <i>Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87590-172-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87590-172-7"><bdi>0-87590-172-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volcanoes+of+the+Antarctic+Plate+and+Southern+Oceans&rft.pub=American+Geophysical+Union&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87590-172-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2005" class="citation book cs1">Rubin, Jeff (2005). <i>Antarctica</i>. Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-74059-094-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-74059-094-5"><bdi>1-74059-094-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antarctica&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-74059-094-5&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+I+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antarctic_territorial_claims" title="Template:Antarctic territorial claims"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antarctic_territorial_claims" title="Template talk:Antarctic territorial claims"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antarctic_territorial_claims" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antarctic territorial claims"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">Territorial claims in Antarctica</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Claims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a> <small>(Fr.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Antarctica" title="Argentine Antarctica">Argentine Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enderby_Land" title="Enderby Land">Enderby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Land" title="Kemp Land">Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac._Robertson_Land" title="Mac. Robertson Land">Mac. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_Land" title="Princess Elizabeth Land">Princess Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_Land" title="Kaiser Wilhelm II Land">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Land" title="Queen Mary Land">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkes_Land" title="Wilkes Land">Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V_Land" title="George V Land">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oates_Land" title="Oates Land">Oates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Land" title="Queen Elizabeth Land">Queen Elizabeth Land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Antarctic_Territory" title="Chilean Antarctic Territory">Chilean Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter I Island</a> <small>(Nor.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a> <small>(Nor.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <small>(N.Z.)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/HSAntarctica.svg/300px-HSAntarctica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/HSAntarctica.svg/450px-HSAntarctica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/HSAntarctica.svg/600px-HSAntarctica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former claims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a> <small>(Ger.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_Yukihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamato Yukihara">Yamato Yukihara</a> <small>(Jap.)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">Unclaimed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Byrd_Land" title="Marie Byrd Land">Marie Byrd Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized and <br />Proposed claims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Antarctica" title="Brazilian Antarctica">Brazilian Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Antarctica" title="Uruguayan Antarctica">Uruguayan Antarctica</a></li> <li>American Antarctica</li> <li>Russian Antarctica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Terra_Australis" title="Governorate of Terra Australis">Spanish Antarctica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unincorporated_areas_and_dependencies_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_territories_of_Norway" title="Template:Overseas territories of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_territories_of_Norway" title="Template talk:Overseas territories of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_territories_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas territories of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unincorporated_areas_and_dependencies_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Svalbard_and_Jan_Mayen" title="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Unincorporated areas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dependencies_of_Norway" title="Dependencies of Norway">dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Svalbard_and_Jan_Mayen" title="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Unincorporated areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (special area of internal sovereignty, subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/36px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/54px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/72px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependencies_of_Norway" title="Dependencies of Norway">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter I Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antarctica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antarctica_topics" title="Template:Antarctica topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antarctica_topics" title="Template talk:Antarctica topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antarctica_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antarctica topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antarctica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Antarctica" title="Geography of Antarctica">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_sea_ice" title="Antarctic sea ice">Antarctic sea ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Antarctica" title="Climate of Antarctica">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Antarctica" title="Climate change in Antarctica">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Antarctica_heat_wave" title="2024 Antarctica heat wave">Heat waves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_ice_shelves" title="List of Antarctic ice shelves">Ice shelves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Antarctica" title="Geology of Antarctica">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_the_Antarctic" title="List of glaciers in the Antarctic">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_Antarctica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of Antarctica">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra#Antarctic" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Antarctica" title="List of volcanoes in Antarctica">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_realm" title="Antarctic realm">Biogeographic realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctica" title="East Antarctica">East Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctic_Ice_Sheet" title="East Antarctic Ice Sheet">ice sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctic_Shield" title="East Antarctic Shield">shield</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Antarctica" title="Extreme points of Antarctica">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Floristic_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Floristic Kingdom">Floristic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_magnetic_pole" title="South magnetic pole">South magnetic pole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Antarctica" title="West Antarctica">West Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Antarctic_Ice_Sheet" title="West Antarctic Ice Sheet">ice sheet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies of Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_CECs" title="Lake CECs">Lake CECs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_Lake_(Antarctica)" title="Mercer Lake (Antarctica)">Lake Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vostok" title="Lake Vostok">Lake Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Antarctica" title="List of rivers of Antarctica">List of rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Sound" title="McMurdo Sound">McMurdo Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_flora" title="Antarctic flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_microorganism" title="Antarctic microorganism">Microorganisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Antarctica" title="Wildlife of Antarctica">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Antarctica" title="List of birds of Antarctica">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Antarctica" title="List of mammals of Antarctica">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_krill" title="Antarctic krill">Krill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antarctica" title="History of Antarctica">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_expeditions" title="List of Antarctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration" title="Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration">Heroic Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_during_World_War_II" title="Antarctica during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Antarctica" title="Colonization of Antarctica">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Antarctica" title="List of years in Antarctica">Years</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Managers_of_National_Antarctic_Programs" title="Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs">Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_activity_in_the_Antarctic" title="Military activity in the Antarctic">Military activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Antarctic_Program" title="National Antarctic Program">National programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">Territorial claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Treaty System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_Day" title="Antarctica Day">Antarctica Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_English" title="Antarctic English">Antarctic English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Antarctica" title="Crime in Antarctica">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Antarctica" title="Demographics of Antarctica">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Antarctica" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Antarctica">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_field_camps" title="Antarctic field camps">Field camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_in_Antarctica" title="Firefighting in Antarctica">Firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Antarctica" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of Antarctica">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_gateway_cities" title="Antarctic gateway cities">Gateway cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwinter_Day" title="Midwinter Day">Midwinter Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Protected_Area" title="Antarctic Protected Area">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antarctica" title="Religion in Antarctica">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">Research stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antarctica" title="Telecommunications in Antarctica">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Antarctica" title="Time in Antarctica">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Antarctica" title="Tourism in Antarctica">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Antarctica" title="Transport in Antarctica">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Antarctica" title="Women in Antarctica">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Famous explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Richard E. Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Douglas Mawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ui-te-Rangiora" title="Ui-te-Rangiora">Ui-te-Rangiora</a> (legendary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">James Clark Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Antarctica" title="Category:Antarctica">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Antarctica" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Antarctica">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Antarctica-related_articles" title="Index of Antarctica-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202780#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202780#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202780#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/239596747">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4305976-4">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=390029">Global Volcanism Program</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Peter_I_Island&params=68_51_00_S_90_35_00_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">68°51′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">90°35′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">68.85000°S 90.58333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-68.85000; -90.58333</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&oldid=1258887857">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_I_Island&oldid=1258887857</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peter_I_Island" title="Category:Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shield_volcanoes_of_Antarctica" title="Category:Shield volcanoes of Antarctica">Shield volcanoes of Antarctica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanoes_of_the_Southern_Ocean" 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