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<span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locations_and_scientific_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locations_and_scientific_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Locations and scientific stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locations_and_scientific_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franse_Suidelike_en_Antarktiese_Gebiede" title="Franse Suidelike en Antarktiese Gebiede – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Franse Suidelike en Antarktiese Gebiede" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أراض فرنسية جنوبية وأنتارتيكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أراض فرنسية جنوبية وأنتارتيكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorios_Australs_Franceses" title="Territorios Australs Franceses – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Territorios Australs Franceses" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierres_Australes_y_Ant%C3%A1rtiques_Franceses" title="Tierres Australes y Antártiques Franceses – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tierres Australes y Antártiques Franceses" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransan%C4%B1n_C%C9%99nub_v%C9%99_Antarktika_%C9%99razil%C9%99ri" title="Fransanın Cənub və Antarktika əraziləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransanın Cənub və Antarktika əraziləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فرانسه گونئی و قوطب تورپاقلاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه گونئی و قوطب تورپاقلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Францияның Көньяҡ һәм Арктик биләмәләре – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Францияның Көньяҡ һәм Арктик биләмәләре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Французскія Паўднёвыя і Антарктычныя тэрыторыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Французскія Паўднёвыя і Антарктычныя тэрыторыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Францускія Паўднёвыя і Антарктычныя тэрыторыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Францускія Паўднёвыя і Антарктычныя тэрыторыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%8E%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Френски южни и антарктически територии – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френски южни и антарктически територии" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douaro%C3%B9_Aostral_hag_Antarktikel_Fra%C3%B1s" title="Douaroù Aostral hag Antarktikel Frañs – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douaroù Aostral hag Antarktikel Frañs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terres_Australs_i_Ant%C3%A0rtiques_Franceses" title="Terres Australs i Antàrtiques Franceses – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terres Australs i Antàrtiques Franceses" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_ji%C5%BEn%C3%AD_a_antarktick%C3%A1_%C3%BAzem%C3%AD" title="Francouzská jižní a antarktická území – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzská jižní a antarktická území" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiroedd_Deheuol_ac_Antarctig_Ffrainc" title="Tiroedd Deheuol ac Antarctig Ffrainc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tiroedd Deheuol ac Antarctig Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franske_Sydlige_og_Antarktiske_Territorier" title="Franske Sydlige og Antarktiske Territorier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Franske Sydlige og Antarktiske Territorier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_S%C3%BCd-_und_Antarktisgebiete" title="Französische Süd- und Antarktisgebiete – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französische Süd- und Antarktisgebiete" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_L%C3%B5unaalad" title="Prantsuse Lõunaalad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse Lõunaalad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%9D%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%95%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B7" title="Γαλλικά Νότια και Ανταρκτικά Εδάφη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλικά Νότια και Ανταρκτικά Εδάφη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierras_Australes_y_Ant%C3%A1rticas_Francesas" title="Tierras Australes y Antárticas Francesas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tierras Australes y Antárticas Francesas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francaj_Sudaj_kaj_Antarktaj_Teritorioj" title="Francaj Sudaj kaj Antarktaj Teritorioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francaj Sudaj kaj Antarktaj Teritorioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantziaren_Lurralde_Austral_eta_Antartikoak" title="Frantziaren Lurralde Austral eta Antartikoak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantziaren Lurralde Austral eta Antartikoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="سرزمین‌های جنوبی و جنوبگانی فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرزمین‌های جنوبی و جنوبگانی فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terres_australes_et_antarctiques_fran%C3%A7aises" title="Terres australes et antarctiques françaises – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Terres australes et antarctiques françaises" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Buz_%C3%9C%C3%BClen_hem_Antarktida_Topraklar%C4%B1" title="Franțuz Üülen hem Antarktida Toprakları – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franțuz Üülen hem Antarktida Toprakları" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terras_Austrais_e_Ant%C3%A1rticas_Francesas" title="Terras Austrais e Antárticas Francesas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terras Austrais e Antárticas Francesas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EB%A0%B9_%EB%82%A8%EB%B0%A9_%EB%B0%8F_%EB%82%A8%EA%B7%B9_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD" title="프랑스령 남방 및 남극 지역 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스령 남방 및 남극 지역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_ju%C5%BEni_i_antarkti%C4%8Dki_teritoriji" title="Francuski južni i antarktički teritoriji – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuski južni i antarktički teritoriji" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daratan_Selatan_dan_Antarktika_Prancis" title="Daratan Selatan dan Antarktika Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daratan Selatan dan Antarktika Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terras_Austral_Francese" title="Terras Austral Francese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Terras Austral Francese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazwe_aseFransi_aseMazantsi_kunye_ne-Antarctic" title="Amazwe aseFransi aseMazantsi kunye ne-Antarctic – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Amazwe aseFransi aseMazantsi kunye ne-Antarctic" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6nsku_su%C3%B0l%C3%A6gu_landsv%C3%A6%C3%B0in" title="Frönsku suðlægu landsvæðin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frönsku suðlægu landsvæðin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_Australi_e_Antartiche_Francesi" title="Terre Australi e Antartiche Francesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terre Australi e Antartiche Francesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="הארצות הדרומיות והאנטארקטיות של צרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הארצות הדרומיות והאנטארקטיות של צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Kidul_lan_Antarktik_Prancis" title="Tanah Kidul lan Antarktik Prancis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tanah Kidul lan Antarktik Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="საფრანგეთის სამხრეთული და ანტარქტიდული ტერიტორია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთის სამხრეთული და ანტარქტიდული ტერიტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BE%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Францияның оңтүстік және Антарктикалық аймақтары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Францияның оңтүстік және Антарктикалық аймақтары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiryow_Deghow_hag_Antarktik_Frynkek" title="Tiryow Deghow hag Antarktik Frynkek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tiryow Deghow hag Antarktik Frynkek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibihugu_by%E2%80%99Amajyepfo_Nyamfaransa" title="Ibihugu by’Amajyepfo Nyamfaransa – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ibihugu by’Amajyepfo Nyamfaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrae_australes_antarcticaeque_Francicae" title="Terrae australes antarcticaeque Francicae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Terrae australes antarcticaeque Francicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijas_Dienvidj%C5%ABru_un_Antarktikas_Zemes" title="Francijas Dienvidjūru un Antarktikas Zemes – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francijas Dienvidjūru un Antarktikas Zemes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9isch_S%C3%BCd-_an_Antarktisgebidder" title="Franséisch Süd- an Antarktisgebidder – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Franséisch Süd- an Antarktisgebidder" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzijos_Piet%C5%B3_Sritys" title="Prancūzijos Pietų Sritys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzijos Pietų Sritys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terit%C3%B6i_Fran%C3%A7eixi_Meridion%C3%A6_e_de_l%27Antartego" title="Teritöi Françeixi Meridionæ e de l'Antartego – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Teritöi Françeixi Meridionæ e de l'Antartego" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mab%C3%A1nda_ma_ns%C3%A9_mp%C3%A9_antaktiki_ya_Falansia" title="Mabánda ma nsé mpé antaktiki ya Falansia – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mabánda ma nsé mpé antaktiki ya Falansia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_d%C3%A9li_%C3%A9s_antarktiszi_ter%C3%BCletek" title="Francia déli és antarktiszi területek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia déli és antarktiszi területek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Француски Јужни и Антарктички Земји – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Француски Јужни и Антарктички Земји" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%BCejjer_tan-Nofsinhar_u_Ib%C4%A7ra_Awstrali_Fran%C4%8Bi%C5%BCi" title="Gżejjer tan-Nofsinhar u Ibħra Awstrali Franċiżi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gżejjer tan-Nofsinhar u Ibħra Awstrali Franċiżi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97" title="फ्रान्सचे दक्षिणी व अंटार्क्टिक भूभाग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्सचे दक्षिणी व अंटार्क्टिक भूभाग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Selatan_dan_Antartika_Perancis" title="Tanah Selatan dan Antartika Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanah Selatan dan Antartika Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franse_Zuidelijke_Gebieden" title="Franse Zuidelijke Gebieden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Franse Zuidelijke Gebieden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraanse_Zudelike_en_Antarktiese_Gebeden" title="Fraanse Zudelike en Antarktiese Gebeden – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Fraanse Zudelike en Antarktiese Gebeden" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E9%A0%98%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E3%83%BB%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F" title="フランス領南方・南極地域 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス領南方・南極地域" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%B6%C3%B6sk_S%C3%BC%C3%BCd-_an_Antarktisregiuunen" title="Fransöösk Süüd- an Antarktisregiuunen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fransöösk Süüd- an Antarktisregiuunen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_franske_s%C3%B8rterritorier" title="De franske sørterritorier – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De franske sørterritorier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_franske_s%C3%B8rterritoria" title="Dei franske sørterritoria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dei franske sørterritoria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rras_Australas_e_Antarticas_Francesas" title="Tèrras Australas e Antarticas Francesas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tèrras Australas e Antarticas Francesas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="سرزمین جنوبی فرانسیسیہ و انٹارکٹیکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سرزمین جنوبی فرانسیسیہ و انٹارکٹیکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuskie_Terytoria_Po%C5%82udniowe_i_Antarktyczne" title="Francuskie Terytoria Południowe i Antarktyczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francuskie Terytoria Południowe i Antarktyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terras_Austrais_e_Ant%C3%A1rticas_Francesas" title="Terras Austrais e Antárticas Francesas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terras Austrais e Antárticas Francesas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teritoriile_australe_%C8%99i_antarctice_franceze" title="Teritoriile australe și antarctice franceze – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Teritoriile australe și antarctice franceze" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Французские Южные и Антарктические территории – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Французские Южные и Антарктические территории" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terras_australes_e_ant%C3%A0rticas_frantzesas" title="Terras australes e antàrticas frantzesas – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Terras australes e antàrticas frantzesas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="දකුණු සහ ඇන්ටාක්ටික් ප්‍රංශ භූමිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දකුණු සහ ඇන්ටාක්ටික් ප්‍රංශ භූමිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzske_ju%C5%BEn%C3%A9_a_antarktick%C3%A9_%C3%BAzemie" title="Francúzske južné a antarktické územie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzske južné a antarktické územie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska_ju%C5%BEna_in_antarkti%C4%8Dna_ozemlja" title="Francoska južna in antarktična ozemlja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoska južna in antarktična ozemlja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Француске јужне и антарктичке земље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француске јужне и антарктичке земље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuske_ju%C5%BEne_i_antarkti%C4%8Dke_teritorije" title="Francuske južne i antarktičke teritorije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuske južne i antarktičke teritorije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_etel%C3%A4iset_ja_antarktiset_alueet" title="Ranskan eteläiset ja antarktiset alueet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan eteläiset ja antarktiset alueet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska_sydterritorierna" title="Franska sydterritorierna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska sydterritorierna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Lupaing_Pranses_sa_Katimugan_at_Antartiko" title="Mga Lupaing Pranses sa Katimugan at Antartiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Lupaing Pranses sa Katimugan at Antartiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரெஞ்சு தென்னக நிலங்களும் அண்டார்க்டிக் நிலமும் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெஞ்சு தென்னக நிலங்களும் அண்டார்க்டிக் நிலமும்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Франциянең Көньяк һәм Антарктик территорияләре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Франциянең Көньяк һәм Антарктик территорияләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A2%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%88_%E1%80%9C%E1%82%84%E1%82%88_%E1%81%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ၼႃႈလိၼ် ဢႅၼ်ႇတၢၵ်ႈတီးၵႃႈ လႄႈ ၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ ပွတ်းၸၢၼ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼႃႈလိၼ် ဢႅၼ်ႇတၢၵ်ႈတီးၵႃႈ လႄႈ ၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ ပွတ်းၸၢၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เฟรนช์เซาเทิร์นและแอนตาร์กติกแลนดส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟรนช์เซาเทิร์นและแอนตาร์กติกแลนดส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_G%C3%BCney_ve_Antarktika_Topraklar%C4%B1" title="Fransız Güney ve Antarktika Toprakları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransız Güney ve Antarktika Toprakları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Французькі Південні і Антарктичні Території – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французькі Південні і Антарктичні Території" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="سرزمین جنوبی فرانسیسیہ و انٹارکٹیکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سرزمین جنوبی فرانسیسیہ و انٹارکٹیکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tere_austr%C3%A0%C5%82i_e_ant%C3%A0rtege_fransezi" title="Tere austràłi e antàrtege fransezi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tere austràłi e antàrtege fransezi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t_ph%C3%ADa_Nam_v%C3%A0_ch%C3%A2u_Nam_C%E1%BB%B1c_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Vùng đất phía Nam và châu Nam Cực thuộc Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng đất phía Nam và châu Nam Cực thuộc Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katunaan_han_Fransya_ha_Salatan_ngan_Antarctica" title="Katunaan han Fransya ha Salatan ngan Antarctica – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katunaan han Fransya ha Salatan ngan Antarctica" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E6%90%AD%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="法属南部搭南极领地 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法属南部搭南极领地" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_Agb%C3%A8gb%C3%A8_Ap%C3%A1g%C3%BA%C3%BAs%C3%B9_%C3%A0ti_Ant%C3%A1rkt%C3%ACk%C3%AC_Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Àwọn Agbègbè Apágúúsù àti Antárktìkì Fránsì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Agbègbè Apágúúsù àti Antárktìkì Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E5%90%8C%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="法屬南部同南極領地 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法屬南部同南極領地" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="法属南部和南极领地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法属南部和南极领地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q129003#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="View the content page [c]" 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67.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-43.000; 67.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overseas territory of France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the French overseas territory. For the former French colony in Brazil, see <a href="/wiki/France_Antarctique" title="France Antarctique">France Antarctique</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="Special:EditPage/French Southern and Antarctic Lands">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands%22">"French Southern and Antarctic Lands"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overseas territory in France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Terres australes et antarctiques françaises</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of French Southern and Antarctic Lands"><img alt="Flag of French Southern and Antarctic Lands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="283" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_Terres_australes_et_antarctiques_fran%C3%A7aises.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of French Southern and Antarctic Lands"><img alt="Official seal of French Southern and Antarctic Lands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Armoiries_Terres_australes_et_antarctiques_fran%C3%A7aises.svg/85px-Armoiries_Terres_australes_et_antarctiques_fran%C3%A7aises.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Armoiries_Terres_australes_et_antarctiques_fran%C3%A7aises.svg/128px-Armoiries_Terres_australes_et_antarctiques_fran%C3%A7aises.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Armoiries_Terres_australes_et_antarctiques_fran%C3%A7aises.svg/170px-Armoiries_Terres_australes_et_antarctiques_fran%C3%A7aises.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><br />Coat of arms</div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">"<a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a>"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span> (English: <span lang="en">"Liberty, equality, fraternity"</span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">("The Marseillaise")</span><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="La_Marseillaise.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg/La_Marseillaise.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=am&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="am" label="አማርኛ ‪(am)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=az&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="az" label="azərbaycanca ‪(az)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=be&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="be" label="беларуская ‪(be)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-my&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-MY" label="中文（马来西亚） ‪(zh-my)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_on_the_globe_(French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands_special)_(Madagascar_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (circled in red) in the Indian Ocean"><img alt="Location of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands in the Indian Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/France_on_the_globe_%28French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands_special%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg/290px-France_on_the_globe_%28French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands_special%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/France_on_the_globe_%28French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands_special%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg/435px-France_on_the_globe_%28French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands_special%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/France_on_the_globe_%28French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands_special%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg/580px-France_on_the_globe_%28French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands_special%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="799" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (circled in red)<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territorial status</th><td class="infobox-data">6 August 1955<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint Pierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(headquarters, not geographically assigned)</span><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&params=43_00_S_67_00_E_region:FR-TF_source:geonames_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°00′S</span> <span class="longitude">67°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.000°S 67.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-43.000; 67.000</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port-aux-Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Port-aux-Français">Port-aux-Français</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of the French Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prefect_(France)" title="Prefect (France)">Prefect</a>, Administrator Superior </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Florence_Jeanblanc-Risler" title="Florence Jeanblanc-Risler">Florence Jeanblanc-Risler</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Secretary General </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Amélie Puccinelli<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data">Advisory Council of the TAAF</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">439,666.4 km<sup>2</sup> (169,756.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Officially 400~800 permanent scientists and military personnel<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />No known permanent population<sup id="cite_ref-FactbookFS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FactbookFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (€) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:00" title="UTC+04:00">UTC+04:00</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:00" title="UTC+05:00">UTC+05:00</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10:00" title="UTC+10:00">UTC+10:00</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:TF" title="ISO 3166-2:TF">TF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:FR" title="ISO 3166-2:FR">FR-TF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.tf" title=".tf">.tf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taaf.fr/en/">taaf<wbr />.fr<wbr />/en<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129003#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>French Southern and Antarctic Lands</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Terres australes et antarctiques françaises</i>, <b>TAAF</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">overseas territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Territoire d'outre-mer</i> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">TOM</i></span>) of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It consists of: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Terre Adélie</i></span>), the French claim on the continent of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Îles Crozet</i></span>), a group in the southern Indian Ocean, south of Madagascar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Archipel des Kerguelen</i></span>), a group of <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic islands</a> in the southern <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, southeast of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and southwest of <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Îles Saint Paul et Amsterdam</i></span>), a group to the north of the Kerguelen Islands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Îles Éparses</i></span>), a dispersed group of islands around the coast of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>.</li></ul> <p>The territory is sometimes referred to as the <b>French Southern Lands</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Terres australes françaises</i>) or the <b>French Southern Territories</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-ISOTF_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISOTF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually to emphasize non-recognition of French <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> over <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FactbookFS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FactbookFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entire territory has no known permanently settled inhabitants. Approximately 150 (in the winter) to 310 (in the summer) people are usually present in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands at any time, but they are mainly made up of military personnel, officials, scientific researchers and support staff.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 July 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> were inscribed as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> as the "French Austral Lands and Seas" because of their pristine wilderness, biodiversity, and enormous bird colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-whcunesco_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whcunesco-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the region's capital is based in <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, this island is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas departments and regions of France</a>, and should not be confused with the overseas territories. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French Southern and Antarctic Lands are an overseas territory of France that consist of the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a> (Terre Adélie): This is the French claim on the southern most continent of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a> (Îles Crozet): A group of islands in the southern Indian Ocean, located south of Madagascar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a> (Archipel des Kerguelen): A volcanic island group in the southern Indian Ocean, southeast of Africa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> (Îles Saint Paul et Amsterdam): A group of islands to the north of the Kerguelen Islands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands</a> (Îles Éparses): A dispersed group of islands around the coast of Madagascar.</li></ul> <p>The islands became known in the 16th century, when the Spanish discovered <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Island</a> on 18 March 1522, which was later claimed and named by the Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul Island</a> was discovered in 1559 by the Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet islands</a> were discovered on 24 January 1772 by French explorer <a href="/wiki/Marc-Joseph_Marion_du_Fresne" title="Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne">Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne</a> during an expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adelie Land</a> was the last to be discovered, in 1840 by the French during an expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Jules Dumont d'Urville</a>, who would later have <a href="/wiki/Dumont_d%27Urville_Station" title="Dumont d'Urville Station">a research station</a> on the island named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entire territory has no known permanently settled inhabitants. It is mainly visited by military personnel, officials, scientific researchers, and support staff. In 2019, the Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, and Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to their pristine wilderness, biodiversity, and enormous bird colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-whcunesco_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whcunesco-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 August 1955, French law reorganized the administration of the islands into a new overseas territory administered by France itself, changing the previous arrangement in which the territory was attached to Madagascar (then a <a href="/wiki/French_Madagascar" title="French Madagascar">French colony</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_superior_administrators_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="List of superior administrators of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands">List of superior administrators of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></div> <p>The French Southern and Antarctic Lands have formed a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">territoire d'outre-mer</a></i></span> (an overseas territory) of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> since 1955. Formerly, they were administered from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> by an <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">administrateur supérieur</i></span> assisted by a secretary-general; since December 2004, however, their administrator has been a <i><a href="/wiki/Prefect_(France)" title="Prefect (France)">préfet</a></i>, currently <a href="/wiki/Florence_Jeanblanc-Risler" title="Florence Jeanblanc-Risler">Florence Jeanblanc-Risler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-JORF20200916_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JORF20200916-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint Pierre</a> on <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> Island. </p><p>The TAAF administration, the French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor (IPEV) and the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> jointly operate the icebreaker <a href="/wiki/L%27Astrolabe_(2016_icebreaker)" title="L'Astrolabe (2016 icebreaker)"><i>Astrolabe</i></a> which is based out of Reunion. The vessel is used both to bring personnel and supplies to the <a href="/wiki/Dumont_d%27Urville_Station" title="Dumont d'Urville Station">Dumont d'Urville Station</a> and for research and patrol duties.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/French_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="French armed forces">French armed forces</a> also maintain small troop contingents on some of the Scattered Islands in order to protect the French territorial claim.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory is divided into five districts: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">District </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative centre</a> </th> <th colspan="2">Population </th> <th>Area</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">EEZ</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Winter</th> <th>Summer </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">(km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i> </td> <td align="left"><i><a href="/wiki/Dumont_d%27Urville_Station" title="Dumont d'Urville Station">Dumont d'Urville Station</a></i> </td> <td>30</td> <td>110</td> <td><i>432,000</i></td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Faure" title="Alfred Faure">Alfred Faure</a> </td> <td>25</td> <td>45</td> <td>352</td> <td>567,475 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Port-aux-Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Port-aux-Français">Port-aux-Français</a> </td> <td>70</td> <td>110</td> <td>7,215</td> <td>563,869 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Martin-de-Vivi%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-de-Viviès">Martin-de-Viviès</a> </td> <td>25</td> <td>45</td> <td>61</td> <td>502,533 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands</a><sup>a</sup> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint Pierre</a><sup>b</sup>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> </td> <td>56</td> <td>56</td> <td>38.4</td> <td>640,400 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ddd;"> <td align="left"><b>TAAF</b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint Pierre</a><sup>c</sup>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> </td> <td>206</td> <td>366</td> <td><i>439,666.4</i></td> <td>2,274,277 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small><sup>a</sup> According to new law 2007-224 of February 21, 2007, the Scattered Islands constitute the TAAF's fifth district.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TAAF website does not mention their population. The data are not included in the totals.<br /><sup>b</sup> The <i>Îles Éparses</i> principal station is on <a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a>. The headquarters of the district chief lies beyond the TAAF, in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint Pierre</a> on <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> Island.<br /><sup>c</sup> The Territory's principal station is <a href="/wiki/Martin-de-Vivi%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-de-Viviès">Martin-de-Viviès</a> on <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Island</a>. The capital and headquarters of the territorial administrator lies beyond the TAAF, in Saint Pierre on Réunion Island.<br /></small> </p><p>Each district is headed by a district chief, who has powers similar to those of a French mayor (including recording births and deaths and being an <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_France" title="Law enforcement in France">officer of judicial police</a>). </p><p>Because there is no permanent population, there is no elected assembly, nor does the territory send representatives to the national parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="Special:EditPage/French Southern and Antarctic Lands">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAAF-CIA_WFB_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TAAF-CIA_WFB_Map.png/300px-TAAF-CIA_WFB_Map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TAAF-CIA_WFB_Map.png/450px-TAAF-CIA_WFB_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TAAF-CIA_WFB_Map.png/600px-TAAF-CIA_WFB_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption>Map of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a> (in Antarctica) and Banc du Geyser and Bassas da India (in the <a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a> district) are not shown.</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pringlea_antiscorbutica_Mayes_fake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pringlea_antiscorbutica_Mayes_fake.jpg/220px-Pringlea_antiscorbutica_Mayes_fake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pringlea_antiscorbutica_Mayes_fake.jpg/330px-Pringlea_antiscorbutica_Mayes_fake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pringlea_antiscorbutica_Mayes_fake.jpg/440px-Pringlea_antiscorbutica_Mayes_fake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7036" data-file-height="4670" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerguelen cabbage">Kerguelen cabbages</a> on Île Mayès, Kerguelen</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory includes the Crozet Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands in the southern Indian Ocean near 43°S, 67°E, along with Adélie Land, the sector of Antarctica claimed by France. Adélie Land, named by the French explorer Jules Dumont d’Urville after his wife, covers about 432,000 km<sup>2</sup> (167,000 sq mi). The islands, totaling 7,781 km<sup>2</sup> (3,004 sq mi), have no indigenous inhabitants, although in 1997 there were approximately 100 researchers whose numbers varied from winter (July) to summer (January). </p><p>Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island are both extinct volcanoes and have been delineated as the Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands ecoregion. The highest point in the territory is Mont Ross on Kerguelen Island, standing at 1,850 m (6,070 ft). Notably, there are very few airstrips on the islands, existing only on islands with weather stations. The 1,232 km (766 mi) of coastline lacks ports or harbors, offering only offshore anchorages. </p><p>The islands in the Indian Ocean receive supplies via the special ship Marion Dufresne, which sails out of Le Port in Réunion Island. Terre Adélie, the Antarctic sector claimed by France, is supplied by L’Astrolabe, which sails out of Hobart in Tasmania. </p><p> Regarding maritime activity, the territory maintains a merchant marine fleet totaling (as of 1999) 2,892,911 GRT/5,165,713 tonnes deadweight (DWT). This fleet includes seven bulk carriers, five cargo ships, ten chemical tankers, nine container ships, six liquefied gas carriers, 24 petroleum tankers, one refrigerated cargo ship, and ten roll-on/roll-off (RORO) carriers. Notably, this fleet operates under the French register, allowing French-owned ships to benefit from more liberal taxation and manning regulations than those permissible under the main French register. However, this register is expected to be replaced by the International French Register (Registre International Français, RIF) in the future.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerguelen_VolcanDuDiable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kerguelen_VolcanDuDiable.jpg/220px-Kerguelen_VolcanDuDiable.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kerguelen_VolcanDuDiable.jpg/330px-Kerguelen_VolcanDuDiable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kerguelen_VolcanDuDiable.jpg/440px-Kerguelen_VolcanDuDiable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3190" data-file-height="2157" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volcan_du_Diable" title="Volcan du Diable">Volcan du Diable</a> on Grande Terre, Kerguelen</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_French_Southern_Territories" title="List of mammals of French Southern Territories">List of mammals of French Southern Territories</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Designations</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">French Austral Lands and Seas</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_by_year_of_inscription#2019_(43rd_session)" title="List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription">2019</a> <small>(43rd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1603/">1603</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Western_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Western Europe">Western Europe</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #8DE3D2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Wetland</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Terres Australes Francaises</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">15 September 2008</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1837<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Due to their isolation, the French islands in the southern Indian Ocean comprise one of the last remaining large wilderness areas on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the islands are positioned along the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Convergence" title="Antarctic Convergence">Antarctic Convergence</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Upwelling" title="Upwelling">upwelling</a> creates nutrient-rich waters.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, birds and marine mammals gather on the islands in great abundance. More than 50 million birds of 47 species breed on the islands, including more than half the breeding population of 16 different species.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest populations of <a href="/wiki/King_penguins" class="mw-redirect" title="King penguins">king penguins</a> and the endangered <a href="/wiki/Indian_yellow-nosed_albatross" title="Indian yellow-nosed albatross">Indian yellow-nosed albatross</a> on Earth are found on the Crozet Islands and Amsterdam Island, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other threatened bird species with important populations on the islands include <a href="/wiki/Eaton%27s_pintail" title="Eaton's pintail">Eaton's pintail</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacGillivray%27s_prion" title="MacGillivray's prion">MacGillivray's prion</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_albatross" title="Amsterdam albatross">Amsterdam albatross</a>, which is one of four bird species <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> to the island group.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French Southern Lands also hold the second largest population of <a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern elephant seals">southern elephant seals</a> on Earth, numbering roughly 200,000, and the third largest population of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal</a>. </p><p>Because of their isolation and subpolar location, the French Southern Lands are relatively <a href="/wiki/Depauperate_ecosystem" title="Depauperate ecosystem">depauperate</a> of vegetation, with both Saint-Paul and Crozet having no native tree or shrub species.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, eight of the 36 higher plant species are endemic.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species of endemic invertebrates have also been recorded on the islands, including moths and flies which have lost their wings in the absence of predators.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="Special:EditPage/French Southern and Antarctic Lands">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The territory's natural resources are limited to fish and crustaceans. Economic activity is limited to servicing <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geophysics" title="Geophysics">geophysical</a> research stations and French and other fishing fleets.<sup id="cite_ref-OEC_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEC-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main fish resources are <a href="/wiki/Patagonian_toothfish" title="Patagonian toothfish">Patagonian toothfish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spiny_lobster" title="Spiny lobster">spiny lobster</a>. Both are poached by foreign fleets; because of this, the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>, and occasionally other services, patrol the zone and arrest poaching vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such arrests can result in heavy fines or the seizure of the ship. </p><p>France previously sold licenses to foreign fisheries to fish the Patagonian toothfish; because of overfishing, it is now restricted to a small number of fisheries from <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory takes in revenues of about <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>16 million a year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locations_and_scientific_stations">Locations and scientific stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Locations and scientific stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="List of settlements in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands">List of settlements in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></div> <p>While the territory lacks a permanent civilian population, there are several inhabited research stations. <i>Île Amsterdam</i> has <a href="/wiki/Martin-de-Vivi%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-de-Viviès">a meteorological station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Îles Crozet</i> contains the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Faure" title="Alfred Faure">Alfred Faure research station</a> with a population of about 20-30 people. One of the most populous research stations in the <i>Îles Kerguelen</i>, <a href="/wiki/Port-aux-Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Port-aux-Français">Port-aux-Francais</a>, contains 50-100 researchers. The <i>Îles Éparses</i> contains a French military garrison and is a spot for meteorology. The <a href="/wiki/Dumont_d%27Urville_Station" title="Dumont d'Urville Station">Dumont d’Urville station</a> is a vital area for studying wildlife, the atmosphere and the ice caps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Codes">Codes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French Southern Territories (i.e. the TAAF excluding Adélie Land) have been given the following <a href="/wiki/Country_code" title="Country code">country codes</a>: FS (<a href="/wiki/List_of_FIPS_country_codes" title="List of FIPS country codes">FIPS</a>) and <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:TF" title="ISO 3166-2:TF">TF</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">ISO 3166-1 alpha-2</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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href="/wiki/List_of_French_islands_in_the_Indian_and_Pacific_oceans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans">List of French islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_possessions_and_colonies" title="List of French possessions and colonies">List of French possessions and colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France" title="Outline of France">Outline of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas departments and regions of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_the_French_Republic1955" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Government of the French Republic (6 August 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000000879815&pageCourante=07979">"Loi n° 55-1052 du 6 août 1955 conférant l'autonomie administrative et financière aux Terres australes et antarctiques françaises"</a>. <i>legifrance.gouv.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legifrance.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Loi+n%C2%B0+55-1052+du+6+ao%C3%BBt+1955+conf%C3%A9rant+l%27autonomie+administrative+et+financi%C3%A8re+aux+Terres+australes+et+antarctiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=1955-08-06&rft.au=Government+of+the+French+Republic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Fjo_pdf.do%3Fid%3DJORFTEXT000000879815%26pageCourante%3D07979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geonames.org/1546748/french-southern-and-antarctic-lands.html">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geonames.org/about.html">Geonames.org (cc-by)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taaf.fr/actualite/nomination-de-madame-amelie-puccinelli-en-tant-que-secretaire-generale-des-terres-australes-et-antarctiques-francaises/">"Nomination de Madame Amélie Puccinelli en Tant Que Secrétaire Générale des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomination+de+Madame+Am%C3%A9lie+Puccinelli+en+Tant+Que+Secr%C3%A9taire+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+des+Terres+Australes+et+Antarctiques+Fran%C3%A7aises&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaaf.fr%2Factualite%2Fnomination-de-madame-amelie-puccinelli-en-tant-que-secretaire-generale-des-terres-australes-et-antarctiques-francaises%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTAAF_Collectivity" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">TAAF Collectivity. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taaf.fr/collectivites/presentation-des-territoires/">"Présentation des territoires"</a>. <i>taaf.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=taaf.fr&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sentation+des+territoires&rft.au=TAAF+Collectivity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaaf.fr%2Fcollectivites%2Fpresentation-des-territoires%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FactbookFS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FactbookFS_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FactbookFS_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/french-southern-and-antarctic-lands/">"Antarctica :: French Southern and Antarctic Lands"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA.gov/Library/Publications/The-World-Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>. 20 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA.gov%2FLibrary%2FPublications%2FThe-World-Factbook&rft.atitle=Antarctica+%3A%3A+French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Ffrench-southern-and-antarctic-lands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm">"List of countries, territories and currencies"</a>. <i>Interinstitutional style guide</i>. Publications Office. 12 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interinstitutional+style+guide&rft.atitle=List+of+countries%2C+territories+and+currencies&rft.date=2008-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.europa.eu%2Fcode%2Fen%2Fen-5000500.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISOTF-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISOTF_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TF">"French Southern Territories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Iso.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Iso.org">ISO.org</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>. 26 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO.org&rft.atitle=French+Southern+Territories&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fobp%2Fui%2F%23iso%3Acode%3A3166%3ATF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The TAAF do not have any permanent population." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170526174543/http://www.taaf.fr/The-French-Southern-and-Antarctic-Lands">"The French Southern and Antarctic Lands"</a>. French Southern and Antarctic Lands administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taaf.fr/The-French-Southern-and-Antarctic-Lands">the original</a> on 26 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands&rft.pub=French+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands+administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taaf.fr%2FThe-French-Southern-and-Antarctic-Lands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whcunesco-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whcunesco_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whcunesco_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2002/">"Five sites inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i>. 5 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Five+sites+inscribed+on+UNESCO%27s+World+Heritage+List&rft.date=2019-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023224934/http://www.btinternet.com/~sa_sa/amsterdam/amsterdam_history_early.html">"Early History of Amsterdam and St Paul Islands, South Indian Ocean"</a>. 23 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btinternet.com/~sa_sa/amsterdam/amsterdam_history_early.html">the original</a> on 23 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+History+of+Amsterdam+and+St+Paul+Islands%2C+South+Indian+Ocean&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btinternet.com%2F~sa_sa%2Famsterdam%2Famsterdam_history_early.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills2003" class="citation book cs1">Mills, William J. (2003). <i>Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia</i>. Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado , Oxford, England: ABC Clio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-422-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-422-0"><bdi>978-1-57607-422-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+polar+frontiers%3A+a+historical+encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California+Denver%2C+Colorado+%2C+Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=ABC+Clio&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-422-0&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunmore2007" class="citation book cs1">Dunmore, John (2007). <i>From Venus to Antarctica: the life of Dumont D'Urville</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terres+australes+et+antarctiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=L%27Astrolabe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaaf.fr%2Fcollectivites%2Flastrolabe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taaf.fr/missions-et-activites/souverainete-francaise/lutte-contre-la-peche-illicite/">"Lutte contre la pêche illicite"</a>. <i>Terres australes et antarctiques françaises</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terres+australes+et+antarctiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=Lutte+contre+la+p%C3%AAche+illicite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaaf.fr%2Fmissions-et-activites%2Fsouverainete-francaise%2Flutte-contre-la-peche-illicite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taaf.fr/content/uploads/2022/01/Gestion-de-la-ressource-halieutique-et-de-limpact-de-la-peche-sur-les-oiseaux-marins-cycle-4.pdf">"Protéger: des îles sentinelles La gestion de la pêche dans les Terres australes françaises"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>taaf.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=taaf.fr&rft.atitle=Prot%C3%A9ger%3A+des+%C3%AEles+sentinelles+La+gestion+de+la+p%C3%AAche+dans+les+Terres+australes+fran%C3%A7aises&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaaf.fr%2Fcontent%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F01%2FGestion-de-la-ressource-halieutique-et-de-limpact-de-la-peche-sur-les-oiseaux-marins-cycle-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.europeanpolarboard.org/stations/?no_cache=1&tx_infradatabase_stations%5Bcode%5D=CO1105&tx_infradatabase_stations%5Baction%5D=stationinfo&tx_infradatabase_stations%5Bcontroller%5D=Frontend&cHash=2f3e8be809e9871850ac0daf73f9c36b">"Stations"</a>. <i>EPB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EPB&rft.atitle=Stations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.europeanpolarboard.org%2Fstations%2F%3Fno_cache%3D1%26tx_infradatabase_stations%255Bcode%255D%3DCO1105%26tx_infradatabase_stations%255Baction%255D%3Dstationinfo%26tx_infradatabase_stations%255Bcontroller%255D%3DFrontend%26cHash%3D2f3e8be809e9871850ac0daf73f9c36b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Southern+and+Antarctic+Lands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="external text" href="https://taaf.fr/en/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129003#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands">Wikimedia Atlas of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316074522/http://www.france.fr/en/regions-and-cities/french-southern-and-antarctic-lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> – official French website <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/french-southern-and-antarctic-lands/">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverfrance.net/Colonies/Antarctic.shtml">Southern & Antarctic Territories</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverfrance.net/Colonies/Crozet.shtml">Crozet Archipelago</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverfrance.net/Colonies/Kerguelen.shtml">Kerguelen Archipelago</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverfrance.net/Colonies/Terre_Adelie.shtml">Terre Adélie</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Southern Territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">NZ Subantarctic Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Islands" title="Prince Edward Islands">Prince Edward Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>"Peri-Antarctic" (meaning "close to the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a>") does <i><b>not</b></i> include <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">territorial claims in Antarctica</a> itself.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Overseas_France298" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_France" title="Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_France" title="Template talk:Overseas France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_France298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inhabited_territories298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas<wbr /> regions</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas<wbr /> collectivities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a><wbr /> collectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uninhabited_territories298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Uninhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a><wbr /> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Southern<wbr /> and Antarctic Lands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_domains_of_Saint_Helena" title="French domains of Saint Helena">French domains of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_domains_of_the_Holy_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French domains of the Holy Land (page does not exist)">French domains of the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in<wbr /> the Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a><sup><small>2, 3</small></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also known as <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Dependencies_of_European_Union_states241" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_dependencies" title="Template:EU dependencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EU_dependencies" title="Template talk:EU dependencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EU_dependencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EU dependencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Dependencies_of_European_Union_states241" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> states</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png" class="mw-file-description" title="EU dependencies"><img alt="EU dependencies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/250px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/375px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/500px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Île Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Île Saint-Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries315" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries315" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antarctic_territorial_claims" title="Template:Antarctic territorial claims"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antarctic_territorial_claims" title="Template talk:Antarctic territorial claims"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antarctic_territorial_claims" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antarctic territorial claims"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">Territorial claims in Antarctica</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Claims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a> <small>(Fr.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Antarctica" title="Argentine Antarctica">Argentine Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enderby_Land" title="Enderby Land">Enderby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Land" title="Kemp Land">Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac._Robertson_Land" title="Mac. Robertson Land">Mac. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_Land" title="Princess Elizabeth Land">Princess Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_Land" title="Kaiser Wilhelm II Land">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Land" title="Queen Mary Land">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkes_Land" title="Wilkes Land">Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V_Land" title="George V Land">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oates_Land" title="Oates Land">Oates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Land" title="Queen Elizabeth Land">Queen Elizabeth Land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Antarctic_Territory" title="Chilean Antarctic Territory">Chilean Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a> <small>(Nor.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a> <small>(Nor.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <small>(N.Z.)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/HSAntarctica.svg/300px-HSAntarctica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/HSAntarctica.svg/450px-HSAntarctica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/HSAntarctica.svg/600px-HSAntarctica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former claims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a> <small>(Ger.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_Yukihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamato Yukihara">Yamato Yukihara</a> <small>(Jap.)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">Unclaimed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Byrd_Land" title="Marie Byrd Land">Marie Byrd Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized and <br />Proposed claims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Antarctica" title="Brazilian Antarctica">Brazilian Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Antarctica" title="Uruguayan Antarctica">Uruguayan Antarctica</a></li> <li>American Antarctica</li> <li>Russian Antarctica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Terra_Australis" title="Governorate of Terra Australis">Spanish Antarctica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129003#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129003#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129003#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158991425">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJymC6HHdxqrGrhMBDJkXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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