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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=L%C3%A4ndkota" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=L%C3%A4ndkota" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=L%C3%A4ndkota" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kotkroppen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kotkroppen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kotkroppen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kotkroppen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kotbågen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kotbågen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kotbågen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kotbågen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utskotten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utskotten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Utskotten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utskotten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Femte_ländkotan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Femte_ländkotan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Femte ländkotan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Femte_ländkotan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ländkota</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 35 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lendewerwel" title="Lendewerwel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lendewerwel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فقرة قطنية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فقرة قطنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io-chui-kut" title="Io-chui-kut – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Io-chui-kut" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slabinski_pr%C5%A1ljenovi" title="Slabinski pršljenovi – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Slabinski pršljenovi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mell_an_dargreiz" title="Mell an dargreiz – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mell an dargreiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8rtebra_lumbar" title="Vèrtebra lumbar – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vèrtebra lumbar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Пилĕк сыпписем – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пилĕк сыпписем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lendenwirbel" title="Lendenwirbel – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lendenwirbel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae" title="Lumbar vertebrae – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lumbar vertebrae" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rtebra_lumbar" title="Vértebra lumbar – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vértebra lumbar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerri-orno" title="Gerri-orno – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gerri-orno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مهره‌های کمری – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهره‌های کمری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert%C3%A8bre_lombaire" title="Vertèbre lombaire – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vertèbre lombaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%A6%AC%EB%BC%88" title="허리뼈 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허리뼈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbo" title="Lumbo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lumbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang_punggung_bawah" title="Tulang punggung bawah – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulang punggung bawah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa%C4%A1utauralgit" title="Isaġutauralgit – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Isaġutauralgit" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra_lombare" title="Vertebra lombare – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vertebra lombare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juosmens_slanksteliai" title="Juosmens slanksteliai – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juosmens slanksteliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Слабински прешлени – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Слабински прешлени" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruas_tulang_belakang_lumbar" title="Ruas tulang belakang lumbar – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ruas tulang belakang lumbar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lendenwervel" title="Lendenwervel – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lendenwervel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="लम्बर भर्तिब्रे – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लम्बर भर्तिब्रे" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B0%E6%A4%8E" title="腰椎 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="腰椎" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lendevirvel" title="Lendevirvel – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lendevirvel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%99gi_l%C4%99d%C5%BAwiowe" title="Kręgi lędźwiowe – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kręgi lędźwiowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rtebra_lombar" title="Vértebra lombar – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vértebra lombar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Поясничные позвонки – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поясничные позвонки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae" title="Lumbar vertebrae – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lumbar vertebrae" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நாரி முள்ளந்தெண்டெலும்புகள் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாரி முள்ளந்தெண்டெலும்புகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_omur" title="Lumbar omur – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lumbar omur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%86%D1%96" title="Поперекові хребці – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поперекові хребці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndokhwet" title="Ndokhwet – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndokhwet" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91t_s%E1%BB%91ng_th%E1%BA%AFt_l%C6%B0ng" title="Đốt sống thắt lưng – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đốt sống thắt lưng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B0%E6%A4%8E" title="腰椎 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腰椎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q405478#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray93.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gray93.png/250px-Gray93.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gray93.png/375px-Gray93.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Gray93.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>En ländkota sedd snett ovanifrån och bakifrån.<br />Illustration: <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a>, 1918. (<a href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">PD</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray92.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gray92.png/250px-Gray92.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gray92.png/375px-Gray92.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gray92.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Lateral vy av en ländkota.<br />Illustration: <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a>, 1918. (<a href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">PD</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray83.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gray83.png/250px-Gray83.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Gray83.png/375px-Gray83.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray83.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption>Sagittalsektion genom en ländkota.<br />Illustration: <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a>, 1918. (<a href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">PD</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ländkota</b>, <b>lumbalkota</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>: <i>vertebra lumbalis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pluralis" title="Pluralis">pluralis</a>: <i>vertebrae lumbales</i> L1-L5) är de <a href="/wiki/Ryggkota" title="Ryggkota">ryggkotor</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Vertebrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrae">vertebrae</a></i>) som bildar <a href="/wiki/Ryggrad" title="Ryggrad">ryggradens</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Columna_vertebralis" class="mw-redirect" title="Columna vertebralis">columna vertebralis</a></i>) lumbal<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyfos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyfos [inte skriven än]">kyfos</a> mellan <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B6stkorg" title="Bröstkorg">bröstkorgen</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Thorax" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorax">thorax</a></i>) och <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4cken" title="Bäcken">bäckenet</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a></i>). Hos <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nniskans_anatomi" title="Människans anatomi">människan</a> finns fem ländkotor, hos <a href="/wiki/Hovdjur" title="Hovdjur">hovdjur</a> vanligen sex och hos <a href="/wiki/Rovdjur" title="Rovdjur">rovdjur</a> sju. </p><p>Ländkotorna utgör den presakrala ryggradens största segment och kan identifieras genom avsaknaden av hål i <a href="/wiki/Tv%C3%A4rutskott" title="Tvärutskott">tvärutskotten</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foramen_processus_transversi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foramen processus transversi [inte skriven än]">foramen processus transversi</a></i>) samt ledfasetter för <a href="/wiki/Revben" title="Revben">revben</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Costae" class="mw-redirect" title="Costae">costae</a></i>) i <a href="/wiki/Kotkropp" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotkropp">kotkroppens</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corpus_vertebrae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corpus vertebrae [inte skriven än]">corpus</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Lateral" title="Lateral">laterala</a> sidor. <a href="/wiki/Kotb%C3%A5ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbåge">Kotbågen</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcus_vertebrae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcus vertebrae [inte skriven än]">arcus</a></i>) som består av ett par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotrot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotrot [inte skriven än]">kotrötter</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pediculus_vertebrae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pediculus vertebrae [inte skriven än]">pediculus</a></i>) och ett par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotplatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotplatta [inte skriven än]">kotplattor</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamina_vertebrae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamina vertebrae [inte skriven än]">laminae</a></i>), omsluter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koth%C3%A5l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kothål [inte skriven än]">kothålet</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foramen_vertebrae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foramen vertebrae [inte skriven än]">foramen</a></i>) och bär sju utskott. </p><p>Smärta i ländryggen kallas <b>lumbago</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kotkroppen">Kotkroppen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kotkroppen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kotkroppen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ländkotornas kotkropp är något bredare lateralt än <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagittal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagittal [inte skriven än]">sagittalt</a>, tjockare framtill än baktill och <a href="/wiki/Dorsal" title="Dorsal">dorsalt</a> <a href="/wiki/Konkav" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkav">konkav</a>. Ovan- och undersidorna är platta eller lätt konkava. Sidorna är konkava fram- och baktill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kotbågen"><span id="Kotb.C3.A5gen"></span>Kotbågen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kotbågen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kotbågen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De kraftiga kotrötterna på kotkroppens ovansida är riktade bakåt vilket gör de underliggande håligheterna djupa. Rötternas sagittala bredd ökar från 9 mm till omkring 18 mm hos L5. </p><p>Kotplattorna är breda, korta och kraftiga. De bildar kothålets bakre vägg, kotbågens bakre parti och utgör <a href="/wiki/Taggutskott" title="Taggutskott">taggutskottens</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Processus_spinosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Processus spinosus">processus spinosus</a></i>) bas. Hos de översta ländkotorna överstiger plattornas höjd bredden medan motsatta proportioner gäller för de nedre ländkotorna. </p><p>Kothålet är triangulärt, större än <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B6stkota" title="Bröstkota">bröstkotornas</a> men mindre än <a href="/wiki/Halskota" title="Halskota">halskotornas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utskotten">Utskotten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utskotten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utskotten"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taggutskottet är tjock, brett och ungefär kvadratiskt. Utskottet utmynnar i en skrovlig, ojämn kant som ibland är urgröpt i den tjockare nedre delen. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledtapp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ledtapp [inte skriven än]">Ledtapparna</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Processus_articulares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Processus articulares [inte skriven än]">processus articulares</a> superior/inferior</i>) sitter i övergången mellan kotkroppen och kotbågen. De är tydligt markerade. De övre är riktade uppåt med konkava fasetter som är riktade bakåt och <a href="/wiki/Medial" title="Medial">medialt</a>. De nedre är riktade nedåt med sina konvexa fasetter riktade framåt och <a href="/wiki/Lateral" title="Lateral">lateralt</a>. De nedre tapparna omsluts av de övre på underliggande kota och avståndet är därför större mellan de övre än de lägre tapparna. </p><p>Ländkotornas tvärutskott är långa och smala. De är <a href="/wiki/Homologi_(biologi)" title="Homologi (biologi)">homologa</a> med bröstkotornas revben och alltså placerade framför ledtapparna istället för bakom som hos bröstkotorna. På de tre översta ländkotorna är tvärutskotten placerade mellan rot och platta och riktade horisontellt. På de två nedre ländkotorna sitter de längre fram mellan rot och kropp och riktade lätt uppåt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Femte_ländkotan"><span id="Femte_l.C3.A4ndkotan"></span>Femte ländkotan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Femte ländkotan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Femte ländkotan"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray94.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gray94.png/250px-Gray94.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gray94.png/375px-Gray94.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Gray94.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>Den femte ländkotan sedd ovanifrån.<br />Illustration: <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a>, 1918. (<a href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">PD</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Vissa individer har fyra ländkotor, andra sex. Symtom som normalt påverkar L5 verkar hos dessa individer istället på L4 eller L6. </p><p>Den femte ländkotans kropp är betydligt tjockare framtill än baktill, vilket hänger samman med utformningen på <a href="/wiki/Korsben" title="Korsben">korsbenets</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Os_sacrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Os sacrum">os sacrum</a></i>) ledyta. Taggutskottet är mindre men tvärutskotten, som är placerade både på kroppen och plattan, är tjockare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rygg" title="Rygg">Rygg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacke" title="Nacke">Nacke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nniskans_skelett" title="Människans skelett">Människans skelett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nniskans_anatomi" title="Människans anatomi">Människans anatomi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4ndkota&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Rörelseapparatens anatomi</i>, Finn Bojsen-Møller, Liber, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-47-04884-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-47-04884-0">ISBN 91-47-04884-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/107/23.html"><i>The Lumbar Vertebræ</i></a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph317193&CON_LNG=ENG">ph317193</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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