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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22War+canoe%22">"War canoe"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22War+canoe%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22War+canoe%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22War+canoe%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22War+canoe%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22War+canoe%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_John_Steel_-_The_blowing_up_of_the_Boyd_Steele_(1889).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Louis_John_Steel_-_The_blowing_up_of_the_Boyd_Steele_%281889%29.jpg/220px-Louis_John_Steel_-_The_blowing_up_of_the_Boyd_Steele_%281889%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Louis_John_Steel_-_The_blowing_up_of_the_Boyd_Steele_%281889%29.jpg/330px-Louis_John_Steel_-_The_blowing_up_of_the_Boyd_Steele_%281889%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Louis_John_Steel_-_The_blowing_up_of_the_Boyd_Steele_%281889%29.jpg/440px-Louis_John_Steel_-_The_blowing_up_of_the_Boyd_Steele_%281889%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a></i> during the <a href="/wiki/Boyd_massacre" title="Boyd massacre">Boyd massacre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>war canoe</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">watercraft</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoe</a> type designed and outfitted for warfare, and which is found in various forms in many world cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, such designs have become adapted as a sport, and "war canoe" can mean a type of flatwater <a href="/wiki/Canoe_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Canoe racing">racing</a> canoe. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_canoe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afrimilibowarcanoe2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Afrimilibowarcanoe2.jpg/220px-Afrimilibowarcanoe2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Afrimilibowarcanoe2.jpg/330px-Afrimilibowarcanoe2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Afrimilibowarcanoe2.jpg/440px-Afrimilibowarcanoe2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>Ibo war canoe from Nigeria, circa 1830s. Captured enemy flags decorate its decks. Steering is provided by two oars-men in bow and stern. Muskets stand ready on the fighting platform in the center</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisipan_by_Rafael_Monle%C3%B3n_(1890).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Salisipan_by_Rafael_Monle%C3%B3n_%281890%29.jpg/220px-Salisipan_by_Rafael_Monle%C3%B3n_%281890%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Salisipan_by_Rafael_Monle%C3%B3n_%281890%29.jpg/330px-Salisipan_by_Rafael_Monle%C3%B3n_%281890%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Salisipan_by_Rafael_Monle%C3%B3n_%281890%29.jpg/440px-Salisipan_by_Rafael_Monle%C3%B3n_%281890%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>19th century illustration of a <i><a href="/wiki/Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">salisipan</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> war canoe used by <a href="/wiki/Iranun_people" title="Iranun people">Iranun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banguingui_people" title="Banguingui people">Banguingui</a> <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Sulu_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy in the Sulu Sea">pirates</a> for boarding vessels and raiding coastal settlements</figcaption></figure> <p>War canoes were used in Africa, <a href="/wiki/Austronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesia">Austronesia</a>, Americas and Europe to transport troops and supplies, and engage targets onshore. While documentation of canoe versus canoe battles on the open ocean is rare, records from the 14th century mention various peoples of West Africa using huge fighting canoes in inland waters, some up to 80 feet (24 m) and carrying over 100 men.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the war canoe was typically from one massive tree trunk, with the <a href="/wiki/Ceiba_pentandra" title="Ceiba pentandra">silk cotton tree</a> being particularly useful. The inside was dug out and carved using fire and hand tools. Braces and stays were used to prevent excessive expansion while the fire treatment was underway. Fire also served to release sap as a preservative against insect pests. Some canoes had 7 to 8 feet (2.1 to 2.4 m) of width inside, accommodating benches for rowers, and facilities such as fireplaces and sleeping berths. </p><p>Warriors on board were typically armed with shield, spear and bow. In the gunpowder era, small iron or brass cannon were sometimes mounted on the bow or stern, although the firepower delivered from these areas and weapons was relatively ineffective. Musketeers delivering fire to cover raiding missions generally had better luck. The typical tactic was to maneuver close to shore, discharge weapons, then quickly pull out to open water to reload, before dashing in again to repeat the cycle. Troop and supply transport were the primary missions, but canoe versus canoe engagements in the lagoons, creeks and lakes of West Africa were also significant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_canoe_racing">War canoe racing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_canoe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: War canoe racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprint_Boat_C-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Sprint_Boat_C-15.jpg/220px-Sprint_Boat_C-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Sprint_Boat_C-15.jpg/330px-Sprint_Boat_C-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Sprint_Boat_C-15.jpg/440px-Sprint_Boat_C-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Junior Women's War Canoes (C-15) come across the line at the 2005 Canadian Canoe Association Championships, held at le bassin olympique in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>War canoe is largely a <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> sport, with some teams coming from the northwestern <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> as well; it is not sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/International_Canoe_Federation" title="International Canoe Federation">International Canoe Federation</a> but is nonetheless an important part of most Canadian canoe club racing programs.<sup id="cite_ref-war_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-war-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term 'war canoe' is derived from large <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples'</a> canoes intended for war, and war canoeing was in fact a popular sport in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> before large gatherings of indigenous people were outlawed in 1922. War canoeing among indigenous communities is enjoying a revival today, and there as starting to be inclusion with non-indigenous paddlers. </p><p>A war canoe of Canadian settler conception holds 15 paddlers including one <a href="/wiki/Coxswain" title="Coxswain">coxswain</a>, or cox, for steering. War canoe is sometimes referred to as C-15 on regatta schedules, with the 'C' standing for 'canoe'.<sup id="cite_ref-war_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-war-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paddlers, 7 to a side and slightly offset from one another, kneel on one knee while paddling. The coxswain stands with their calves braced between a yoke on the back of the boat. Paddlers on the left will kneel on their left knee and vice versa, as in a <a href="/wiki/Sprint_canoe" title="Sprint canoe">Sprint canoe</a>, and the foremost paddler, whether on the right or left, will set the stroke. Boats are most often constructed of <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, although some newer boats will be made of <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a>. Races will typically be of 500 m or 1000 m. And on rare occasions, 1500 m. The paddles used can be made of wood, but <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fibre">carbon fibre</a> paddles are becoming standard, as their reduced weight leads to improved performance. </p><p>War canoe is seen as a prestige event at <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">regattas</a> where it is held, as it allows a significant portion of a club's racing members to be in the <a href="/wiki/Boat" title="Boat">boat</a> at once and compete together. It is a large team event in a sport that typically focusses on individual achievements. Crews will be taken from the appropriate age range (e.g. Bantam, junior, masters, etc.), and races are held for men's, women's, or mixed crews. </p><p>Typically, a war canoe will be faster than a 20 paddler dragon boat over any given distance, because of a more hydrodynamically streamlined hull shape (narrower and without the characteristic 'w' shape of dragon boat hulls making for reduced wetted surface area and drag), and the kneeling position allowing for a fuller, more powerful stroke than the sitting position used in a dragon boat; as well as larger blade powerface surface area and longer shaft of the paddle. However, there are dragonboats raced with 50 or more paddlers, as well as other cultural paddled long narrow boats, that pace at much higher speeds than either C-15 and DB-22 racing shells. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_canoe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomako" title="Tomako">Tomako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Canoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Northwest Canoes">Pacific Northwest Canoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_canoe" title="Sprint canoe">Sprint canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Canoe racing">Canoe racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)#Waka_taua_.28war_canoes.29" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_boat_(racing)" title="Swan boat (racing)">Swan boat (racing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouka_Baich" title="Nouka Baich">Nouka Baich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chundan_vallam" title="Chundan vallam">Chundan vallam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallam_kali" title="Vallam kali">Vallam kali</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_canoe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.captcook-ne.co.uk/ccne/exhibits/19700/index.htm">"A war canoe of New Zealand"</a>. <i>www.captcook-ne.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.captcook-ne.co.uk&rft.atitle=A+war+canoe+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.captcook-ne.co.uk%2Fccne%2Fexhibits%2F19700%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+canoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Smith, The Canoe in West African History, The Journal of African History, Vol. 11, No. 4 (1970), pp. 515–533</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-war-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-war_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-war_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canoekayak.ca/go-paddling/war-canoe/">"War Canoe | Canoe Kayak Canada"</a>. <i>canoekayak.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=canoekayak.ca&rft.atitle=War+Canoe+%7C+Canoe+Kayak+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanoekayak.ca%2Fgo-paddling%2Fwar-canoe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+canoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_canoe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianmuseum.net.au/Tomako-War-Canoe-E23373">Tomako - War Canoe - Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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title="Kayaking">kayaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sprint" title="Canoe sprint">Canoe sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_slalom" title="Canoe slalom">Canoe slalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_marathon" title="Canoe marathon">Canoe marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">Canoe polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildwater_canoeing" title="Wildwater canoeing">Wildwater canoeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sailing" title="Canoe sailing">Canoe sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_freestyle" title="Canoe freestyle">Canoe freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracanoe" title="Paracanoe">Paracanoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Olympics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Canoeing at the Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_canoeing_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in canoeing (men)">Male medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_canoeing_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in canoeing (women)">Female medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_canoeing" title="List of Olympic venues in canoeing">Venues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creeking" title="Creeking">Creeking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouka_Baich" title="Nouka Baich">Nouka Baich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddleboarding" title="Paddleboarding">Paddleboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_ski" title="Surf ski">Surf skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_kayaking" title="Surf kayaking">Surf kayaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_boating" title="Snow boating">Snow boating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squirt_boating" title="Squirt boating">Squirt boating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standup_paddleboarding" title="Standup paddleboarding">Standup paddleboarding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Canoe_Federation" title="International Canoe Federation">ICF</a> championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships" title="ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships">Sprint</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_Canadian" title="List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in men's Canadian">Men's Canadian medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_Canadian" title="List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in women's Canadian">Women's Canadian medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_kayak" title="List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in men's kayak">Men's kayak medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_kayak" title="List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in women's kayak">Women's kayak medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_medalists_in_paracanoe" title="List of ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in paracanoe">Paracanoe medalists</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships" title="ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships">Slalom</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_canoe" title="List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in men's canoe">Men's canoe medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_canoe" title="List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in women's canoe">Women's canoe medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_men%27s_kayak" title="List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in men's kayak">Men's kayak medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_women%27s_kayak" title="List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in women's kayak">Women's kayak medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ICF_Canoe_Slalom_World_Championships_medalists_in_mixed_canoe" title="List of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships medalists in mixed canoe">Mixed canoe medalists</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICF_World_Junior_and_U23_Canoe_Slalom_Championships" title="ICF World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships">Slalom Junior & U23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICF_Canoe_Marathon_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="ICF Canoe Marathon World Championship">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICF_Canoe_Ocean_Racing_World_Championships" title="ICF Canoe Ocean Racing World Championships">Ocean Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildwater_Canoeing_World_Championships" title="Wildwater Canoeing World Championships">Wildwater canoeing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small-craft_sailing" title="Small-craft sailing">Small-craft sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_canoeing" title="Whitewater canoeing">Whitewater canoeing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_kayaking" title="Whitewater kayaking">kayaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_kayak" title="Sea kayak">Sea kayaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_camping" title="Canoe camping">Canoe camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayak_fishing" title="Kayak fishing">Kayak fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_and_kayak_diving" title="Canoe and kayak diving">Canoe and kayak diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongola_racing" title="Dongola racing">Dongola racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_orienteering" title="Canoe orienteering">Canoe orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_livery" title="Canoe livery">Canoe livery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern boats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">Kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_canoe" title="Concrete canoe">Concrete canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flyak" title="Flyak">Flyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_kayak" title="Folding kayak">Folding kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Canoe" title="International Canoe">International Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malia_(canoe)" title="Malia (canoe)">Malia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_kayak" title="Recreational kayak">Recreational kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_canoe" title="Sprint canoe">Sprint canoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional boats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_kayak" title="Aleutian kayak">Aleutian kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuco" title="Cayuco">Cayuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chundan_vallam" title="Chundan vallam">Chundan vallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_brigade" title="Fur brigade">Fur brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_canoes" title="Pacific Northwest canoes">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabaska" title="Rabaska">Rabaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon-nosed_canoe" title="Sturgeon-nosed canoe">Sturgeon-nosed canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taimen_(kayak)" title="Taimen (kayak)">Taimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiak" title="Umiak">Umiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_boat_(racing)" title="Swan boat (racing)">Swan boat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kayaking_techniques" title="Category:Kayaking techniques">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_paddle_strokes" title="Canoe paddle strokes">Canoe paddle strokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskimo_Rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskimo Rescue">Eskimo Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayak_roll" title="Kayak roll">Kayak roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage" title="Portage">Portage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Canoeing_and_kayaking_equipment" title="Category:Canoeing and kayaking equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albano_buoy_system" title="Albano buoy system">Albano buoy system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle" title="Paddle">Paddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle_float" title="Paddle float">Paddle float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle_leash" title="Paddle leash">Paddle leash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalex" title="Royalex">Royalex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_sock" title="Sea sock">Sea sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_deck" title="Spray deck">Spray deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuilik" title="Tuilik">Tuilik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_whitewater" title="Artificial whitewater">Artificial whitewater</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Canoeing_and_kayaking_venues" title="Category:Canoeing and kayaking venues">Canoeing and kayaking venues</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_canoeing" class="mw-redirect" title="List of world records in canoeing">List of world records in canoeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Canoe_Classic" title="Adirondack Canoe Classic">Adirondack Canoe Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_Sable_River_Canoe_Marathon" title="Au Sable River Canoe Marathon">Au Sable River Canoe Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devizes_to_Westminster_International_Canoe_Marathon" title="Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon">Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusi_Canoe_Marathon" title="Dusi Canoe Marathon">Dusi Canoe Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkesbury_Canoe_Classic" title="Hawkesbury Canoe Classic">Hawkesbury Canoe Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Murray_Paddle" title="Massive Murray Paddle">Massive Murray Paddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Student_Rodeo" title="National Student Rodeo">National Student Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thameside_Series" title="Thameside Series">Thameside Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterside_Series" title="Waterside Series">Waterside Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverland_Paddling_Marathon" title="Riverland Paddling Marathon">Riverland Paddling Marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_International_Dragon_Boat_Festival" title="Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival">Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duanwu_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Duanwu Festival">Duanwu Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Dragon_Boat_Festival_in_New_York" title="Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York">Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Dragon_Boat_Festival" title="Houston Dragon Boat Festival">Houston Dragon Boat Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethbridge_Dragon_Boat_Festival" title="Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival">Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Dragon_Boat_Festival" title="Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival">Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Dragon_Boat_Race_Festival" title="Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival">Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Canoeing_organizations" title="Category:Canoeing organizations">Governing bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Canoe_Association" title="European Canoe Association">European Canoe Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Canoe_Association" title="American Canoe Association">American Canoe Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle_Australia" title="Paddle Australia">Paddle Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle_UK" title="Paddle UK">Paddle UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Dragon_Boat_Racing_Association" title="British Dragon Boat Racing Association">British Dragon Boat Racing Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_Kayak_Canada" title="Canoe Kayak Canada">Canoe Kayak Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_Wales" title="Canoe Wales">Canoe Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Canoe_Federation" title="Croatian Canoe Federation">Croatian Canoe Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Canoe_Association" title="Israel Canoe Association">Israel Canoe Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Canoe_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Canoe Association">Scottish Canoe Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Canoe_Federation" title="Portuguese Canoe Federation">Portuguese Canoe Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Canoeing_organizations" title="Category:Canoeing organizations">Other organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Canoe_Museum" title="Canadian Canoe Museum">Canadian Canoe Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Dragon_Boat_Federation" title="International Dragon Boat Federation">International Dragon Boat Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alexander_Mackenzie_Canada_Sea-to-Sea_Bicentennial_Expeditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions">Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_Access_Campaign" title="Rivers Access Campaign">UK Rivers Access Campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Canoeing_mass_media" title="Category:Canoeing mass media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chasse-galerie" title="Chasse-galerie">La Chasse-galerie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paddle-to-the-Sea" title="Paddle-to-the-Sea">Paddle-to-the-Sea</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paddle_to_the_Sea" title="Paddle to the Sea">film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes">The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waterwalker" title="Waterwalker">Waterwalker</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_canoeing_and_kayaking" title="Outline of canoeing and kayaking">Outline</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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